[{"publication":"Nature Reviews Materials","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"quality_controlled":"1","intvolume":"         6","status":"public","publisher":"Springer Nature","isi":1,"month":"10","date_created":"2020-12-02T10:52:51Z","page":"926–943 ","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z","project":[{"_id":"25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7","name":"Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires","grant_number":"335497"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"2552F888-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Loch Spin-Qubits und Majorana-Fermionen in Germanium","grant_number":"Y00715"},{"grant_number":"P30207","name":"Hole spin orbit qubits in Ge quantum wells","_id":"2641CE5E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF"}],"acknowledgement":"G.S., M.W.,F.A.Z acknowledge financial support from The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). F.Z., D.L., G.K. acknowledge funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grand Agreement Nr. 862046. G.K. acknowledges funding from FP7 ERC Starting Grant 335497, FWF Y 715-N30, FWF P-30207. S.D. acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 program under Grant\r\nAgreement No. 81050 and from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche through the TOPONANO and CMOSQSPIN projects. J.Z. acknowledges support from the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0301701) and Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (Grant No. XDB30000000). D.L. and C.K. acknowledge the Swiss National Science Foundation and NCCR QSIT.","day":"01","type":"journal_article","author":[{"first_name":"Giordano","full_name":"Scappucci, Giordano","last_name":"Scappucci"},{"last_name":"Kloeffel","first_name":"Christoph","full_name":"Kloeffel, Christoph"},{"last_name":"Zwanenburg","first_name":"Floris A.","full_name":"Zwanenburg, Floris A."},{"last_name":"Loss","first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Loss, Daniel"},{"full_name":"Myronov, Maksym","first_name":"Maksym","last_name":"Myronov"},{"last_name":"Zhang","full_name":"Zhang, Jian-Jun","first_name":"Jian-Jun"},{"last_name":"Franceschi","first_name":"Silvano De","full_name":"Franceschi, Silvano De"},{"first_name":"Georgios","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X"},{"first_name":"Menno","full_name":"Veldhorst, Menno","last_name":"Veldhorst"}],"citation":{"ieee":"G. Scappucci <i>et al.</i>, “The germanium quantum information route,” <i>Nature Reviews Materials</i>, vol. 6. Springer Nature, pp. 926–943, 2021.","ista":"Scappucci G, Kloeffel C, Zwanenburg FA, Loss D, Myronov M, Zhang J-J, Franceschi SD, Katsaros G, Veldhorst M. 2021. The germanium quantum information route. Nature Reviews Materials. 6, 926–943.","chicago":"Scappucci, Giordano, Christoph Kloeffel, Floris A. Zwanenburg, Daniel Loss, Maksym Myronov, Jian-Jun Zhang, Silvano De Franceschi, Georgios Katsaros, and Menno Veldhorst. “The Germanium Quantum Information Route.” <i>Nature Reviews Materials</i>. Springer Nature, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z</a>.","mla":"Scappucci, Giordano, et al. “The Germanium Quantum Information Route.” <i>Nature Reviews Materials</i>, vol. 6, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 926–943, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z\">10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z</a>.","short":"G. Scappucci, C. Kloeffel, F.A. Zwanenburg, D. Loss, M. Myronov, J.-J. Zhang, S.D. Franceschi, G. Katsaros, M. Veldhorst, Nature Reviews Materials 6 (2021) 926–943.","apa":"Scappucci, G., Kloeffel, C., Zwanenburg, F. A., Loss, D., Myronov, M., Zhang, J.-J., … Veldhorst, M. (2021). The germanium quantum information route. <i>Nature Reviews Materials</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z</a>","ama":"Scappucci G, Kloeffel C, Zwanenburg FA, et al. The germanium quantum information route. <i>Nature Reviews Materials</i>. 2021;6:926–943. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z\">10.1038/s41578-020-00262-z</a>"},"ec_funded":1,"title":"The germanium quantum information route","volume":6,"publication_status":"published","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.08133"}],"oa":1,"_id":"8911","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In the worldwide endeavor for disruptive quantum technologies, germanium is emerging as a versatile material to realize devices capable of encoding, processing, or transmitting quantum information. These devices leverage special properties of the germanium valence-band states, commonly known as holes, such as their inherently strong spin-orbit coupling and the ability to host superconducting pairing correlations. In this Review, we initially introduce the physics of holes in low-dimensional germanium structures with key insights from a theoretical perspective. We then examine the material science progress underpinning germanium-based planar heterostructures and nanowires. We review the most significant experimental results demonstrating key building blocks for quantum technology, such as an electrically driven universal quantum gate set with spin qubits in quantum dots and superconductor-semiconductor devices for hybrid quantum systems. We conclude by identifying the most promising prospects\r\ntoward scalable quantum information processing. "}],"date_published":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","arxiv":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","external_id":{"arxiv":["2004.08133"],"isi":["000600826100003"]},"scopus_import":"1","user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_updated":"2024-03-07T14:48:57Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2058-8437"]},"article_type":"original","year":"2021","oa_version":"Preprint"},{"publication_status":"published","article_number":"9420817","abstract":[{"text":"We firstly introduce the self-assembled growth of highly uniform Ge quantum wires with controllable position, distance and length on patterned Si (001) substrates. We then present the electrically tunable strong spin-orbit coupling, the first Ge hole spin qubit and ultrafast operation of hole spin qubit in the Ge/Si quantum wires.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"9464","date_published":"2021-04-08T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_updated":"2023-10-03T12:51:59Z","external_id":{"isi":["000675595800006"]},"scopus_import":"1","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781728181769"]},"oa_version":"None","year":"2021","quality_controlled":"1","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"publication":"2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2021","status":"public","publisher":"IEEE","isi":1,"month":"04","date_created":"2021-06-06T22:01:29Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0301700) and the ERC Starting Grant no. 335497.","project":[{"grant_number":"335497","name":"Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires","_id":"25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7"}],"day":"08","author":[{"last_name":"Gao","full_name":"Gao, Fei","first_name":"Fei"},{"first_name":"Jie Yin","full_name":"Zhang, Jie Yin","last_name":"Zhang"},{"full_name":"Wang, Jian Huan","first_name":"Jian Huan","last_name":"Wang"},{"last_name":"Ming","first_name":"Ming","full_name":"Ming, Ming"},{"last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Tina","first_name":"Tina"},{"first_name":"Jian Jun","full_name":"Zhang, Jian Jun","last_name":"Zhang"},{"full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes","first_name":"Hannes","last_name":"Watzinger","id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Josip","full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","last_name":"Kukucka"},{"last_name":"Vukušić","full_name":"Vukušić, Lada","first_name":"Lada","id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"},{"full_name":"Wang, Ke","first_name":"Ke","last_name":"Wang"},{"full_name":"Xu, Gang","first_name":"Gang","last_name":"Xu"},{"first_name":"Hai Ou","full_name":"Li, Hai Ou","last_name":"Li"},{"full_name":"Guo, Guo Ping","first_name":"Guo Ping","last_name":"Guo"}],"type":"conference","ec_funded":1,"citation":{"chicago":"Gao, Fei, Jie Yin Zhang, Jian Huan Wang, Ming Ming, Tina Wang, Jian Jun Zhang, Hannes Watzinger, et al. “Ge/Si Quantum Wires for Quantum Computing.” In <i>2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2021</i>. IEEE, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817\">https://doi.org/10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817</a>.","ieee":"F. Gao <i>et al.</i>, “Ge/Si quantum wires for quantum computing,” in <i>2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2021</i>, Virtual, Online, 2021.","ista":"Gao F, Zhang JY, Wang JH, Ming M, Wang T, Zhang JJ, Watzinger H, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, Katsaros G, Wang K, Xu G, Li HO, Guo GP. 2021. Ge/Si quantum wires for quantum computing. 2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2021. EDTM: IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, 9420817.","mla":"Gao, Fei, et al. “Ge/Si Quantum Wires for Quantum Computing.” <i>2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2021</i>, 9420817, IEEE, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817\">10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817</a>.","short":"F. Gao, J.Y. Zhang, J.H. Wang, M. Ming, T. Wang, J.J. Zhang, H. Watzinger, J. Kukucka, L. Vukušić, G. Katsaros, K. Wang, G. Xu, H.O. Li, G.P. Guo, in:, 2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2021, IEEE, 2021.","ama":"Gao F, Zhang JY, Wang JH, et al. Ge/Si quantum wires for quantum computing. In: <i>2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2021</i>. IEEE; 2021. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817\">10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817</a>","apa":"Gao, F., Zhang, J. Y., Wang, J. H., Ming, M., Wang, T., Zhang, J. J., … Guo, G. P. (2021). Ge/Si quantum wires for quantum computing. In <i>2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2021</i>. Virtual, Online: IEEE. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817\">https://doi.org/10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817</a>"},"conference":{"name":"EDTM: IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference","start_date":"2021-04-08","end_date":"2021-04-11","location":"Virtual, Online"},"title":"Ge/Si quantum wires for quantum computing"},{"acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2016YFA0301701 and 2016YFA0300600), the NSFC (Grant Nos. 11574356, 11434010, and 11404252), the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (Grant No. XDB30000000), the ERC Starting Grant No. 335497, the FWF P32235 project, and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement #862046. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility. F.L. thanks support from DOE (Grant No. DE‐FG02‐04ER46148). H.H. thanks the Startup Funding from Xi'an Jiaotong University.","project":[{"grant_number":"335497","name":"Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","grant_number":"P32235","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","grant_number":"862046","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"7996"},{"status":"public","id":"9222","relation":"research_data"}]},"ddc":["530"],"doi":"10.1002/adma.201906523","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"title":"Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling","ec_funded":1,"citation":{"ama":"Gao F, Wang J-H, Watzinger H, et al. Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling. <i>Advanced Materials</i>. 2020;32(16). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523\">10.1002/adma.201906523</a>","apa":"Gao, F., Wang, J.-H., Watzinger, H., Hu, H., Rančić, M. J., Zhang, J.-Y., … Zhang, J.-J. (2020). Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling. <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523\">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523</a>","short":"F. Gao, J.-H. Wang, H. Watzinger, H. Hu, M.J. Rančić, J.-Y. Zhang, T. Wang, Y. Yao, G.-L. Wang, J. Kukucka, L. Vukušić, C. Kloeffel, D. Loss, F. Liu, G. Katsaros, J.-J. Zhang, Advanced Materials 32 (2020).","mla":"Gao, Fei, et al. “Site-Controlled Uniform Ge/Si Hut Wires with Electrically Tunable Spin-Orbit Coupling.” <i>Advanced Materials</i>, vol. 32, no. 16, 1906523, Wiley, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523\">10.1002/adma.201906523</a>.","chicago":"Gao, Fei, Jian-Huan Wang, Hannes Watzinger, Hao Hu, Marko J. Rančić, Jie-Yin Zhang, Ting Wang, et al. “Site-Controlled Uniform Ge/Si Hut Wires with Electrically Tunable Spin-Orbit Coupling.” <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523\">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523</a>.","ista":"Gao F, Wang J-H, Watzinger H, Hu H, Rančić MJ, Zhang J-Y, Wang T, Yao Y, Wang G-L, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, Kloeffel C, Loss D, Liu F, Katsaros G, Zhang J-J. 2020. Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling. Advanced Materials. 32(16), 1906523.","ieee":"F. Gao <i>et al.</i>, “Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling,” <i>Advanced Materials</i>, vol. 32, no. 16. Wiley, 2020."},"type":"journal_article","author":[{"last_name":"Gao","full_name":"Gao, Fei","first_name":"Fei"},{"last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Jian-Huan","first_name":"Jian-Huan"},{"full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes","first_name":"Hannes","last_name":"Watzinger","id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Hu, Hao","first_name":"Hao","last_name":"Hu"},{"last_name":"Rančić","first_name":"Marko J.","full_name":"Rančić, Marko J."},{"last_name":"Zhang","full_name":"Zhang, Jie-Yin","first_name":"Jie-Yin"},{"first_name":"Ting","full_name":"Wang, Ting","last_name":"Wang"},{"full_name":"Yao, Yuan","first_name":"Yuan","last_name":"Yao"},{"first_name":"Gui-Lei","full_name":"Wang, Gui-Lei","last_name":"Wang"},{"id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Kukucka","first_name":"Josip","full_name":"Kukucka, Josip"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636","id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Vukušić, Lada","first_name":"Lada","last_name":"Vukušić"},{"last_name":"Kloeffel","first_name":"Christoph","full_name":"Kloeffel, Christoph"},{"last_name":"Loss","first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Loss, Daniel"},{"last_name":"Liu","full_name":"Liu, Feng","first_name":"Feng"},{"full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Zhang","full_name":"Zhang, Jian-Jun","first_name":"Jian-Jun"}],"day":"23","isi":1,"publisher":"Wiley","status":"public","intvolume":"        32","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"quality_controlled":"1","publication":"Advanced Materials","date_created":"2020-02-28T09:47:00Z","month":"04","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0935-9648"]},"date_updated":"2024-02-21T12:42:12Z","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","scopus_import":"1","external_id":{"isi":["000516660900001"]},"year":"2020","oa_version":"Published Version","has_accepted_license":"1","article_type":"original","oa":1,"publication_status":"published","volume":32,"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"file_date_updated":"2020-11-20T10:11:35Z","issue":"16","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","_id":"7541","date_published":"2020-04-23T00:00:00Z","abstract":[{"text":"Semiconductor nanowires have been playing a crucial role in the development of nanoscale devices for the realization of spin qubits, Majorana fermions, single photon emitters, nanoprocessors, etc. The monolithic growth of site‐controlled nanowires is a prerequisite toward the next generation of devices that will require addressability and scalability. Here, combining top‐down nanofabrication and bottom‐up self‐assembly, the growth of Ge wires on prepatterned Si (001) substrates with controllable position, distance, length, and structure is reported. This is achieved by a novel growth process that uses a SiGe strain‐relaxation template and can be potentially generalized to other material combinations. Transport measurements show an electrically tunable spin–orbit coupling, with a spin–orbit length similar to that of III–V materials. Also, charge sensing between quantum dots in closely spaced wires is observed, which underlines their potential for the realization of advanced quantum devices. The reported results open a path toward scalable qubit devices using nanowires on silicon.","lang":"eng"}],"file":[{"file_name":"2020_AdvancedMaterials_Gao.pdf","creator":"dernst","file_size":5242880,"checksum":"c622737dc295972065782558337124a2","date_updated":"2020-11-20T10:11:35Z","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"8782","relation":"main_file","date_created":"2020-11-20T10:11:35Z","success":1}],"article_number":"1906523"},{"publisher":"American Chemical Society","isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"publication":"Nano Letters","intvolume":"        18","status":"public","page":"7141 - 7145","month":"10","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:44:13Z","project":[{"call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires","grant_number":"335497"}],"pmid":1,"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"7977","relation":"popular_science"},{"status":"public","id":"69","relation":"dissertation_contains"},{"id":"7996","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"ddc":["530"],"doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217","ec_funded":1,"citation":{"short":"L. Vukušić, J. Kukucka, H. Watzinger, J.M. Milem, F. Schäffler, G. Katsaros, Nano Letters 18 (2018) 7141–7145.","ama":"Vukušić L, Kukucka J, Watzinger H, Milem JM, Schäffler F, Katsaros G. Single-shot readout of hole spins in Ge. <i>Nano Letters</i>. 2018;18(11):7141-7145. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217\">10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217</a>","apa":"Vukušić, L., Kukucka, J., Watzinger, H., Milem, J. M., Schäffler, F., &#38; Katsaros, G. (2018). Single-shot readout of hole spins in Ge. <i>Nano Letters</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217</a>","chicago":"Vukušić, Lada, Josip Kukucka, Hannes Watzinger, Joshua M Milem, Friedrich Schäffler, and Georgios Katsaros. “Single-Shot Readout of Hole Spins in Ge.” <i>Nano Letters</i>. American Chemical Society, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217</a>.","ista":"Vukušić L, Kukucka J, Watzinger H, Milem JM, Schäffler F, Katsaros G. 2018. Single-shot readout of hole spins in Ge. Nano Letters. 18(11), 7141–7145.","ieee":"L. Vukušić, J. Kukucka, H. Watzinger, J. M. Milem, F. Schäffler, and G. Katsaros, “Single-shot readout of hole spins in Ge,” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 18, no. 11. American Chemical Society, pp. 7141–7145, 2018.","mla":"Vukušić, Lada, et al. “Single-Shot Readout of Hole Spins in Ge.” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 18, no. 11, American Chemical Society, 2018, pp. 7141–45, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217\">10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217</a>."},"title":"Single-shot readout of hole spins in Ge","day":"25","author":[{"id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636","first_name":"Lada","full_name":"Vukušić, Lada","last_name":"Vukušić"},{"first_name":"Josip","full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","last_name":"Kukucka","id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Hannes","full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes","last_name":"Watzinger","id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"4CDE0A96-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Milem","full_name":"Milem, Joshua M","first_name":"Joshua M"},{"last_name":"Schäffler","full_name":"Schäffler, Friedrich","first_name":"Friedrich"},{"id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"}],"type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","oa":1,"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:37Z","volume":18,"pubrep_id":"1065","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"issue":"11","article_processing_charge":"No","file":[{"date_created":"2018-12-12T10:16:08Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"5194","relation":"main_file","checksum":"3e6034a94c6b5335e939145d88bdb371","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:45:37Z","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"IST-2018-1065-v1+1_ACS_nanoletters_8b03217.pdf","file_size":1361441,"creator":"system"}],"_id":"23","abstract":[{"text":"The strong atomistic spin–orbit coupling of holes makes single-shot spin readout measurements difficult because it reduces the spin lifetimes. By integrating the charge sensor into a high bandwidth radio frequency reflectometry setup, we were able to demonstrate single-shot readout of a germanium quantum dot hole spin and measure the spin lifetime. Hole spin relaxation times of about 90 μs at 500 mT are reported, with a total readout visibility of about 70%. By analyzing separately the spin-to-charge conversion and charge readout fidelities, we have obtained insight into the processes limiting the visibilities of hole spins. The analyses suggest that high hole visibilities are feasible at realistic experimental conditions, underlying the potential of hole spins for the realization of viable qubit devices.","lang":"eng"}],"date_published":"2018-10-25T00:00:00Z","date_updated":"2023-09-18T09:30:37Z","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","scopus_import":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["30359041"],"isi":["000451102100064"]},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["15306984"]},"publist_id":"8032","oa_version":"Published Version","year":"2018","has_accepted_license":"1"},{"article_type":"original","oa_version":"Published Version","year":"2018","has_accepted_license":"1","date_updated":"2023-09-08T11:44:02Z","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","scopus_import":"1","external_id":{"isi":["000445560800010"]},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"file":[{"creator":"dernst","file_size":1063469,"file_name":"2018_NatureComm_Watzinger.pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:02Z","checksum":"e7148c10a64497e279c4de570b6cc544","relation":"main_file","file_id":"5687","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2018-12-17T10:28:30Z"}],"_id":"77","abstract":[{"text":"Holes confined in quantum dots have gained considerable interest in the past few years due to their potential as spin qubits. Here we demonstrate two-axis control of a spin 3/2 qubit in natural Ge. The qubit is formed in a hut wire double quantum dot device. The Pauli spin blockade principle allowed us to demonstrate electric dipole spin resonance by applying a radio frequency electric field to one of the electrodes defining the double quantum dot. Coherent hole spin oscillations with Rabi frequencies reaching 140 MHz are demonstrated and dephasing times of 130 ns are measured. The reported results emphasize the potential of Ge as a platform for fast and electrically tunable hole spin qubit devices.","lang":"eng"}],"date_published":"2018-09-25T00:00:00Z","issue":"3902 ","article_processing_charge":"Yes","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:02Z","volume":9,"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"publication_status":"published","oa":1,"day":"25","author":[{"id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Watzinger","full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes","first_name":"Hannes"},{"full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","first_name":"Josip","last_name":"Kukucka","id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636","full_name":"Vukusic, Lada","first_name":"Lada","last_name":"Vukusic"},{"first_name":"Fei","full_name":"Gao, Fei","last_name":"Gao"},{"first_name":"Ting","full_name":"Wang, Ting","last_name":"Wang"},{"full_name":"Schäffler, Friedrich","first_name":"Friedrich","last_name":"Schäffler"},{"first_name":"Jian","full_name":"Zhang, Jian","last_name":"Zhang"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Katsaros","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","first_name":"Georgios"}],"type":"journal_article","ec_funded":1,"citation":{"ama":"Watzinger H, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, et al. A germanium hole spin qubit. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2018;9(3902). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4\">10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4</a>","apa":"Watzinger, H., Kukucka, J., Vukušić, L., Gao, F., Wang, T., Schäffler, F., … Katsaros, G. (2018). A germanium hole spin qubit. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4</a>","short":"H. Watzinger, J. Kukucka, L. Vukušić, F. Gao, T. Wang, F. Schäffler, J. Zhang, G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 9 (2018).","mla":"Watzinger, Hannes, et al. “A Germanium Hole Spin Qubit.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 9, no. 3902, Nature Publishing Group, 2018, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4\">10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4</a>.","chicago":"Watzinger, Hannes, Josip Kukucka, Lada Vukušić, Fei Gao, Ting Wang, Friedrich Schäffler, Jian Zhang, and Georgios Katsaros. “A Germanium Hole Spin Qubit.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4</a>.","ieee":"H. Watzinger <i>et al.</i>, “A germanium hole spin qubit,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 9, no. 3902. Nature Publishing Group, 2018.","ista":"Watzinger H, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, Gao F, Wang T, Schäffler F, Zhang J, Katsaros G. 2018. A germanium hole spin qubit. Nature Communications. 9(3902)."},"title":"A germanium hole spin qubit","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4","ddc":["530"],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"popular_science","id":"7977"},{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"7996"}]},"project":[{"grant_number":"335497","name":"Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"2552F888-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"Y00715","name":"Loch Spin-Qubits und Majorana-Fermionen in Germanium"}],"month":"09","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:44:30Z","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"quality_controlled":"1","publication":"Nature Communications","intvolume":"         9","status":"public","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","isi":1},{"article_processing_charge":"No","issue":"9","_id":"840","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Heavy holes confined in quantum dots are predicted to be promising candidates for the realization of spin qubits with long coherence times. Here we focus on such heavy-hole states confined in germanium hut wires. By tuning the growth density of the latter we can realize a T-like structure between two neighboring wires. Such a structure allows the realization of a charge sensor, which is electrostatically and tunnel coupled to a quantum dot, with charge-transfer signals as high as 0.3 e. By integrating the T-like structure into a radiofrequency reflectometry setup, single-shot measurements allowing the extraction of hole tunneling times are performed. The extracted tunneling times of less than 10 μs are attributed to the small effective mass of Ge heavy-hole states and pave the way toward projective spin readout measurements."}],"date_published":"2017-08-10T00:00:00Z","file":[{"date_created":"2018-12-12T10:12:33Z","file_id":"4951","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:13Z","checksum":"761371a0129b2aa442424b9561450ece","file_size":2449546,"creator":"system","file_name":"IST-2017-865-v1+1_acs.nanolett.7b02627.pdf"}],"oa":1,"publication_status":"published","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"pubrep_id":"865","volume":17,"file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:13Z","oa_version":"Published Version","has_accepted_license":"1","year":"2017","publist_id":"6808","publication_identifier":{"issn":["15306984"]},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000411043500078"]},"scopus_import":"1","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","date_updated":"2023-09-26T15:50:22Z","page":"5706 - 5710","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:48:47Z","month":"08","isi":1,"publisher":"American Chemical Society","intvolume":"        17","status":"public","publication":"Nano Letters","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"quality_controlled":"1","title":"Fast hole tunneling times in germanium hut wires probed by single-shot reflectometry","citation":{"mla":"Vukušić, Lada, et al. “Fast Hole Tunneling Times in Germanium Hut Wires Probed by Single-Shot Reflectometry.” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 17, no. 9, American Chemical Society, 2017, pp. 5706–10, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627\">10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627</a>.","ieee":"L. Vukušić, J. Kukucka, H. Watzinger, and G. Katsaros, “Fast hole tunneling times in germanium hut wires probed by single-shot reflectometry,” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 17, no. 9. American Chemical Society, pp. 5706–5710, 2017.","ista":"Vukušić L, Kukucka J, Watzinger H, Katsaros G. 2017. Fast hole tunneling times in germanium hut wires probed by single-shot reflectometry. Nano Letters. 17(9), 5706–5710.","chicago":"Vukušić, Lada, Josip Kukucka, Hannes Watzinger, and Georgios Katsaros. “Fast Hole Tunneling Times in Germanium Hut Wires Probed by Single-Shot Reflectometry.” <i>Nano Letters</i>. American Chemical Society, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627</a>.","apa":"Vukušić, L., Kukucka, J., Watzinger, H., &#38; Katsaros, G. (2017). Fast hole tunneling times in germanium hut wires probed by single-shot reflectometry. <i>Nano Letters</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627</a>","ama":"Vukušić L, Kukucka J, Watzinger H, Katsaros G. Fast hole tunneling times in germanium hut wires probed by single-shot reflectometry. <i>Nano Letters</i>. 2017;17(9):5706-5710. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627\">10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627</a>","short":"L. Vukušić, J. Kukucka, H. Watzinger, G. Katsaros, Nano Letters 17 (2017) 5706–5710."},"ec_funded":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Vukusic, Lada","first_name":"Lada","last_name":"Vukusic","orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636","id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","first_name":"Josip","last_name":"Kukucka"},{"last_name":"Watzinger","full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes","first_name":"Hannes","id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"}],"type":"journal_article","day":"10","project":[{"call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"335497","name":"Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"popular_science","id":"7977"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"69","status":"public"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"7996","status":"public"}]},"ddc":["539"],"doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627","language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"publication":"Nano Letters","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"quality_controlled":"1","intvolume":"        16","status":"public","publisher":"American Chemical Society","month":"09","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:51:24Z","page":"6879 - 6885","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715","ddc":["539"],"project":[{"name":"Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires","grant_number":"335497","_id":"25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"popular_science","id":"7977","status":"for_moderation"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"7996","status":"public"}]},"acknowledgement":"The work was supported by the EC FP7 ICT project SiSPIN no. 323841, the EC FP7 ICT project PAMS no. 610446, the ERC Starting Grant no. 335497, the FWF-I-1190-N20 project, and the Swiss NSF. We acknowledge F. Schäffler for fruitful discussions related to the hut wire growth and for giving us access to the molecular beam epitaxy system, M. Schatzl for her support in electron beam lithography, and V. Jadris ̌ko for helping us with the COMSOL simulations. Finally, we thank G. Bauer for his continuous support. ","day":"22","author":[{"id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes","first_name":"Hannes","last_name":"Watzinger"},{"last_name":"Kloeffel","first_name":"Christoph","full_name":"Kloeffel, Christoph"},{"id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636","first_name":"Lada","full_name":"Vukusic, Lada","last_name":"Vukusic"},{"first_name":"Marta","full_name":"Rossell, Marta","last_name":"Rossell"},{"last_name":"Sessi","first_name":"Violetta","full_name":"Sessi, Violetta"},{"id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Josip","full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","last_name":"Kukucka"},{"last_name":"Kirchschlager","full_name":"Kirchschlager, Raimund","first_name":"Raimund"},{"id":"33662F76-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Elisabeth","full_name":"Lausecker, Elisabeth","last_name":"Lausecker"},{"last_name":"Truhlar","first_name":"Alisha","full_name":"Truhlar, Alisha","id":"49CBC780-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Glaser","first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Glaser, Martin"},{"last_name":"Rastelli","full_name":"Rastelli, Armando","first_name":"Armando"},{"last_name":"Fuhrer","full_name":"Fuhrer, Andreas","first_name":"Andreas"},{"last_name":"Loss","first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Loss, Daniel"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Katsaros","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","first_name":"Georgios"}],"type":"journal_article","citation":{"short":"H. Watzinger, C. Kloeffel, L. Vukušić, M. Rossell, V. Sessi, J. Kukucka, R. Kirchschlager, E. Lausecker, A. Truhlar, M. Glaser, A. Rastelli, A. Fuhrer, D. Loss, G. Katsaros, Nano Letters 16 (2016) 6879–6885.","ama":"Watzinger H, Kloeffel C, Vukušić L, et al. Heavy-hole states in germanium hut wires. <i>Nano Letters</i>. 2016;16(11):6879-6885. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715\">10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715</a>","apa":"Watzinger, H., Kloeffel, C., Vukušić, L., Rossell, M., Sessi, V., Kukucka, J., … Katsaros, G. (2016). Heavy-hole states in germanium hut wires. <i>Nano Letters</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715</a>","chicago":"Watzinger, Hannes, Christoph Kloeffel, Lada Vukušić, Marta Rossell, Violetta Sessi, Josip Kukucka, Raimund Kirchschlager, et al. “Heavy-Hole States in Germanium Hut Wires.” <i>Nano Letters</i>. American Chemical Society, 2016. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715</a>.","ista":"Watzinger H, Kloeffel C, Vukušić L, Rossell M, Sessi V, Kukucka J, Kirchschlager R, Lausecker E, Truhlar A, Glaser M, Rastelli A, Fuhrer A, Loss D, Katsaros G. 2016. Heavy-hole states in germanium hut wires. Nano Letters. 16(11), 6879–6885.","ieee":"H. Watzinger <i>et al.</i>, “Heavy-hole states in germanium hut wires,” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 16, no. 11. American Chemical Society, pp. 6879–6885, 2016.","mla":"Watzinger, Hannes, et al. “Heavy-Hole States in Germanium Hut Wires.” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 16, no. 11, American Chemical Society, 2016, pp. 6879–85, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715\">10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715</a>."},"ec_funded":1,"title":"Heavy-hole states in germanium hut wires","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:44:44Z","pubrep_id":"664","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"volume":16,"publication_status":"published","oa":1,"file":[{"date_created":"2018-12-12T10:14:04Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"5053","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:44:44Z","access_level":"open_access","checksum":"b63feece90d7b620ece49ca632e34ff3","file_name":"IST-2016-664-v1+1_acs.nanolett.6b02715.pdf","creator":"system","file_size":535121}],"abstract":[{"text":"Hole spins have gained considerable interest in the past few years due to their potential for fast electrically controlled qubits. Here, we study holes confined in Ge hut wires, a so-far unexplored type of nanostructure. Low-temperature magnetotransport measurements reveal a large anisotropy between the in-plane and out-of-plane g-factors of up to 18. Numerical simulations verify that this large anisotropy originates from a confined wave function of heavy-hole character. A light-hole admixture of less than 1% is estimated for the states of lowest energy, leading to a surprisingly large reduction of the out-of-plane g-factors compared with those for pure heavy holes. Given this tiny light-hole contribution, the spin lifetimes are expected to be very long, even in isotopically nonpurified samples.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"1328","date_published":"2016-09-22T00:00:00Z","issue":"11","scopus_import":1,"date_updated":"2023-09-07T13:15:02Z","user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publist_id":"5941","has_accepted_license":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","year":"2016"}]