[{"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","researchdata_availability":"yes","supplementarymaterial":"yes","citation":{"ieee":"M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15. Springer Nature, 2024.","short":"M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra, A. Ballabio, J.L. Aguilera Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R. Seoane Souto, M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 15 (2024).","ama":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2024;15. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>","apa":"Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., de Gijsel, T., Jung, J., Calcaterra, S., … Katsaros, G. (2024). Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>","mla":"Valentini, Marco, et al. “Parity-Conserving Cooper-Pair Transport and Ideal Superconducting Diode in Planar Germanium.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15, 169, Springer Nature, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>.","ista":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, de Gijsel T, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio A, Aguilera Servin JL, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Seoane Souto R, Leijnse M, Danon J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. 2024. Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. Nature Communications. 15, 169.","chicago":"Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Parity-Conserving Cooper-Pair Transport and Ideal Superconducting Diode in Planar Germanium.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"article_number":"169","file":[{"creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2024-01-17T11:03:00Z","date_created":"2024-01-17T11:03:00Z","file_size":2336595,"file_id":"14825","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"file_name":"2024_NatureComm_Valentini.pdf","checksum":"ef79173b45eeaf984ffa61ef2f8a52ab","relation":"main_file"}],"department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"month":"01","file_date_updated":"2024-01-17T11:03:00Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"publication_status":"published","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","abstract":[{"text":"Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing interest in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement semiconductor technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of new ideas such as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this work, we engineer the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium hole gas by varying the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We demonstrate a hard superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux tunable superconducting diode using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). This allows to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a regime where single Cooper pair tunneling is suppressed, creating a sin(2y) CPR. Shapiro experiments complement this interpretation and the microwave drive allows to create a diode with ≈ 100% efficiency. The reported results open up the path towards integration of spin qubit devices, microwave resonators and (protected) superconducting qubits on  the same silicon technology compatible platform.","lang":"eng"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"intvolume":"        15","has_accepted_license":"1","date_created":"2024-01-14T23:00:56Z","article_type":"original","volume":15,"title":"Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium","oa_version":"Published Version","day":"02","scopus_import":"1","oaworkID":1,"author":[{"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Valentini","full_name":"Valentini, Marco","id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425"},{"last_name":"Sagi","full_name":"Sagi, Oliver","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","first_name":"Oliver"},{"full_name":"Baghumyan, Levon","id":"7aa1f788-b527-11ee-aa9e-e6111a79e0c7","last_name":"Baghumyan","first_name":"Levon"},{"first_name":"Thijs","id":"a0ece13c-b527-11ee-929d-bad130106eee","full_name":"de Gijsel, Thijs","last_name":"de Gijsel"},{"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Jung","id":"4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Jung, Jason"},{"first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra","full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano"},{"first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea","last_name":"Ballabio"},{"first_name":"Juan L","orcid":"0000-0002-2862-8372","full_name":"Aguilera Servin, Juan L","id":"2A67C376-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Aguilera Servin"},{"first_name":"Kushagra","orcid":"0000-0001-9985-9293","full_name":"Aggarwal, Kushagra","id":"b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb","last_name":"Aggarwal"},{"last_name":"Janik","full_name":"Janik, Marian","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Marian"},{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Adletzberger","full_name":"Adletzberger, Thomas","id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Seoane Souto, Rubén","last_name":"Seoane Souto","first_name":"Rubén"},{"full_name":"Leijnse, Martin","last_name":"Leijnse","first_name":"Martin"},{"first_name":"Jeroen","last_name":"Danon","full_name":"Danon, Jeroen"},{"full_name":"Schrade, Constantin","last_name":"Schrade","first_name":"Constantin"},{"first_name":"Erik","full_name":"Bakkers, Erik","last_name":"Bakkers"},{"last_name":"Chrastina","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel"},{"last_name":"Isella","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni","first_name":"Giovanni"},{"first_name":"Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Katsaros"}],"APC_amount":"12345","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa, Francesco Giazotto, Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano Scappucci, Christian Schonenberger, and Lukas Splitthoff for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the support in the TEM analysis. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS\r\nFoundation. It was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research andinnovation programme under Grant Agreement No 862046, the HORIZONRIA\r\n101069515 project, the European Innovation Council Pathfinder grant no. 101115315 (QuKiT), and the FWF Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. R.S.S. acknowledges Spanish CM “Talento Program\"\r\nProject No. 2022-T1/IND-24070. J.J. acknowledges European Research Council TOCINA 834290.","date_published":"2024-01-02T00:00:00Z","ec_funded":1,"pmid":1,"status":"public","publication":"Nature Communications","project":[{"_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"862046","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS"},{"grant_number":"101069515","name":"Integrated GermaNIum quanTum tEchnology","_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452"},{"grant_number":"101115315","name":"Quantum bits with Kitaev Transmons","_id":"bdc2ca30-d553-11ed-ba76-cf164a5bb811"},{"_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","grant_number":"P32235","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","call_identifier":"FWF"},{"name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge","grant_number":"P36507","_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a"},{"_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e","name":"Conventional and unconventional topological superconductors","grant_number":"F8606"}],"external_id":{"pmid":["38167818"],"oaworkID":["w4390499170"]},"year":"2024","quality_controlled":"1","ddc":["530"],"type":"journal_article","_id":"14793","dataavailabilitystatement":"All experimental data included in this work are available at https://zenodo.org/records/10119346.","date_updated":"2026-02-26T11:39:00Z","publisher":"Springer Nature","article_processing_charge":"Yes","doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0"},{"date_created":"2023-07-24T14:10:45Z","oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Mesoscopic phenomena in hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanodevices : From full-shell nanowires to two-dimensional hole gas in germanium","author":[{"full_name":"Valentini, Marco","id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","last_name":"Valentini","first_name":"Marco"}],"day":"21","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2663 - 337X"]},"publication_status":"published","file_date_updated":"2023-08-11T14:39:17Z","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","abstract":[{"text":"Semiconductor-superconductor hybrid systems are the harbour of many intriguing mesoscopic phenomena. This material combination leads to spatial variations of the superconducting properties, which gives rise to Andreev bound states (ABSs). Some of these states might exhibit remarkable properties that render them highly desirable for topological quantum computing. The most prominent and hunted of such states are Majorana zero modes (MZMs), quasiparticles equals to their own quasiparticles that they follow non-abelian statistics. In this thesis, we first introduce the general framework of such hybrid systems and, then, we unveil a series of mesoscopic phenomena that we discovered. Firstly, we show tunneling spectroscopy experiments on full-shell nanowires (NWs) showing that unwanted quantum-dot states coupled to superconductors (Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states) can mimic MZMs signatures. Then, we introduce a novel protocol which allowed the integration of tunneling spectroscopy with Coulomb spectroscopy within the same device. Employing this approach on both full-shell NWs and partial-shell NWs, we demonstrated that longitudinally confined states reveal charge transport phenomenology similar to the one expected for MZMs. These findings shed light on the intricate interplay between superconductivity and quantum confinement, which brought us to explore another material platform, i.e. a two-dimensional Germanium hole gas. After developing a robust way to induce superconductivity in such system, we showed how to engineer the proximity effect and we revealed a superconducting hard gap. Finally, we created a superconducting radio frequency driven ideal diode and a generator of non-sinusoidal current-phase relations. Our results open the path for the exploration of protected superconducting qubits and more complex hybrid devices in planar Germanium, like Kitaev chains and hybrid qubit devices.","lang":"eng"}],"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by_nc_sa.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY-NC-SA (4.0)"},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","file":[{"checksum":"666ee31c7eade89679806287c062fa14","relation":"source_file","content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","access_level":"closed","file_name":"PhD_thesis_Valentini_final.zip","file_id":"14033","date_updated":"2023-08-11T10:01:34Z","creator":"mvalenti","file_size":56121429,"date_created":"2023-08-11T09:27:39Z"},{"file_name":"PhD_thesis_Valentini_final_validated.pdf","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","checksum":"0992f2ebef152dee8e70055350ebbb55","date_created":"2023-08-11T14:39:17Z","file_size":38199711,"creator":"mvalenti","date_updated":"2023-08-11T14:39:17Z","file_id":"14035"}],"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"GeKa"}],"month":"07","supervisor":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Katsaros"}],"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","citation":{"ama":"Valentini M. Mesoscopic phenomena in hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanodevices : From full-shell nanowires to two-dimensional hole gas in germanium. 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13286\">10.15479/at:ista:13286</a>","short":"M. Valentini, Mesoscopic Phenomena in Hybrid Semiconductor-Superconductor Nanodevices : From Full-Shell Nanowires to Two-Dimensional Hole Gas in Germanium, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","ieee":"M. Valentini, “Mesoscopic phenomena in hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanodevices : From full-shell nanowires to two-dimensional hole gas in germanium,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023.","ista":"Valentini M. 2023. Mesoscopic phenomena in hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanodevices : From full-shell nanowires to two-dimensional hole gas in germanium. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.","chicago":"Valentini, Marco. “Mesoscopic Phenomena in Hybrid Semiconductor-Superconductor Nanodevices : From Full-Shell Nanowires to Two-Dimensional Hole Gas in Germanium.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13286\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13286</a>.","mla":"Valentini, Marco. <i>Mesoscopic Phenomena in Hybrid Semiconductor-Superconductor Nanodevices : From Full-Shell Nanowires to Two-Dimensional Hole Gas in Germanium</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13286\">10.15479/at:ista:13286</a>.","apa":"Valentini, M. (2023). <i>Mesoscopic phenomena in hybrid semiconductor-superconductor nanodevices : From full-shell nanowires to two-dimensional hole gas in germanium</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13286\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:13286</a>"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"type":"dissertation","date_updated":"2024-02-21T12:35:34Z","_id":"13286","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","doi":"10.15479/at:ista:13286","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"article_processing_charge":"No","ddc":["530"],"page":"184","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"13312","relation":"part_of_dissertation","status":"public"},{"id":"12118","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"id":"8910","status":"public","relation":"part_of_dissertation"},{"status":"public","relation":"research_data","id":"12522"}]},"year":"2023","date_published":"2023-07-21T00:00:00Z","ec_funded":1,"project":[{"name":"Hybrid Semiconductor - Superconductor Quantum Devices","_id":"262116AA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","grant_number":"862046","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"name":"Conventional and unconventional topological superconductors","grant_number":"F8606","_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e"}],"status":"public","degree_awarded":"PhD"},{"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing\r\ninterest in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement\r\nsemiconductor technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of\r\nnew ideas such as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this\r\nwork, we engineer the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium\r\nhole gas by varying the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We\r\ndemonstrate a hard superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux\r\ntunable superconducting diode using a superconducting quantum interference\r\ndevice (SQUID). This allows to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a\r\nregime where single Cooper pair tunneling is suppressed, creating a $ \\sin\r\n\\left( 2 \\varphi \\right)$ CPR. Shapiro experiments complement this\r\ninterpretation and the microwave drive allows to create a diode with $ \\approx\r\n100 \\%$ efficiency. The reported results open up the path towards monolithic\r\nintegration of spin qubit devices, microwave resonators and (protected)\r\nsuperconducting qubits on a silicon technology compatible platform.","lang":"eng"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"publication_status":"submitted","day":"13","author":[{"last_name":"Valentini","id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","full_name":"Valentini, Marco","first_name":"Marco"},{"first_name":"Oliver","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","full_name":"Sagi, Oliver","last_name":"Sagi"},{"first_name":"Levon","last_name":"Baghumyan","full_name":"Baghumyan, Levon"},{"first_name":"Thijs de","full_name":"Gijsel, Thijs de","last_name":"Gijsel"},{"full_name":"Jung, Jason","id":"4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Jung","first_name":"Jason"},{"first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra","full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano"},{"first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea","last_name":"Ballabio"},{"full_name":"Servin, Juan Aguilera","last_name":"Servin","first_name":"Juan Aguilera"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-9985-9293","first_name":"Kushagra","id":"b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb","full_name":"Aggarwal, Kushagra","last_name":"Aggarwal"},{"last_name":"Janik","full_name":"Janik, Marian","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Marian"},{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Adletzberger","id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Adletzberger, Thomas"},{"last_name":"Souto","full_name":"Souto, Rubén Seoane","first_name":"Rubén Seoane"},{"last_name":"Leijnse","full_name":"Leijnse, Martin","first_name":"Martin"},{"first_name":"Jeroen","last_name":"Danon","full_name":"Danon, Jeroen"},{"first_name":"Constantin","full_name":"Schrade, Constantin","last_name":"Schrade"},{"first_name":"Erik","full_name":"Bakkers, Erik","last_name":"Bakkers"},{"full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel","last_name":"Chrastina","first_name":"Daniel"},{"full_name":"Isella, Giovanni","last_name":"Isella","first_name":"Giovanni"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Katsaros"}],"oa_version":"Preprint","title":"Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas","date_created":"2023-07-26T11:17:20Z","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"ieee":"M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","short":"M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra, A. Ballabio, J.A. Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R.S. Souto, M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, ArXiv (n.d.).","ama":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>","apa":"Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., Gijsel, T. de, Jung, J., Calcaterra, S., … Katsaros, G. (n.d.). Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>","mla":"Valentini, Marco, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting Diode and Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium Hole Gas.” <i>ArXiv</i>, 2306.07109, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>.","chicago":"Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting Diode and Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium Hole Gas.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>.","ista":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, Gijsel T de, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio A, Servin JA, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Souto RS, Leijnse M, Danon J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. arXiv, 2306.07109."},"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","month":"06","arxiv":1,"department":[{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"article_number":"2306.07109","ddc":["530"],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109","_id":"13312","date_updated":"2024-02-07T07:52:32Z","type":"preprint","status":"public","publication":"arXiv","project":[{"_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","grant_number":"862046"},{"_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","grant_number":"P32235","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","call_identifier":"FWF"},{"_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a","name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge","grant_number":"P36507"},{"grant_number":"F8606","name":"Conventional and unconventional topological superconductors","_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e"},{"_id":"bd5b4ec5-d553-11ed-ba76-a6eedb083344","name":"Protected states of quantum matter"}],"ec_funded":1,"acknowledgement":"The authors acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa, Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano\r\nScappucci and Christian Schonenberger for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the support in the\r\nTEM analysis. This research and related results were made\r\npossible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation. It was\r\nsupported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the\r\nnanofabrication facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020\r\nresearch and innovation programme under Grant Agreement\r\nNo 862046, the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project and the\r\nFWF Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. R.S.S.\r\nacknowledges Spanish CM “Talento Program” Project No.\r\n2022-T1/IND-24070.","date_published":"2023-06-13T00:00:00Z","year":"2023","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"13286"}]},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2306.07109"]},"keyword":["Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics"]},{"project":[{"_id":"26A151DA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Majorana bound states in Ge/SiGe heterostructures","grant_number":"844511"},{"_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","grant_number":"862046","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"status":"public","publication":"Physical Review Research","date_published":"2021-04-15T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility, the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant agreement No. 844511 Grant Agreement No. 862046. ICN2 acknowledge funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 SGR 327. ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO (Grant No. SEV-2017-0706) and is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present work has been performed in the framework of Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona Materials Science PhD program. The HAADF-STEM microscopy was conducted in the Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas at Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon-Universidad de Zaragoza. Authors acknowledge the LMA-INA for offering access to their instruments and expertise. We acknowledge support from CSIC Research Platform on Quantum Technologies PTI-001. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 823717 ESTEEM3. M.B. acknowledges support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya and the EU Social Fund; project ref. 2020 FI 00103. G.S. and M.V. acknowledge support through a projectruimte grant associated with the Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research (NWO). J.D. acknowledges support through FRIPRO-project 274853, which is funded by the Research Council of Norway.","ec_funded":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2012.00322"]},"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"8831","relation":"earlier_version","status":"public"},{"status":"public","relation":"research_data","id":"8834"}]},"year":"2021","keyword":["general engineering"],"ddc":["620"],"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"American Physical Society","doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005","article_processing_charge":"No","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2024-02-21T12:41:26Z","_id":"10559","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","issue":"2","citation":{"short":"K. Aggarwal, A.C. Hofmann, D. Jirovec, I. Prieto Gonzalez, A. Sammak, M. Botifoll, S. Martí-Sánchez, M. Veldhorst, J. Arbiol, G. Scappucci, J. Danon, G. Katsaros, Physical Review Research 3 (2021).","ieee":"K. Aggarwal <i>et al.</i>, “Enhancement of proximity-induced superconductivity in a planar Ge hole gas,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 3, no. 2. American Physical Society, 2021.","ama":"Aggarwal K, Hofmann AC, Jirovec D, et al. Enhancement of proximity-induced superconductivity in a planar Ge hole gas. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2021;3(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005\">10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005</a>","mla":"Aggarwal, Kushagra, et al. “Enhancement of Proximity-Induced Superconductivity in a Planar Ge Hole Gas.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 3, no. 2, L022005, American Physical Society, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005\">10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005</a>.","apa":"Aggarwal, K., Hofmann, A. C., Jirovec, D., Prieto Gonzalez, I., Sammak, A., Botifoll, M., … Katsaros, G. (2021). Enhancement of proximity-induced superconductivity in a planar Ge hole gas. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005</a>","chicago":"Aggarwal, Kushagra, Andrea C Hofmann, Daniel Jirovec, Ivan Prieto Gonzalez, Amir Sammak, Marc Botifoll, Sara Martí-Sánchez, et al. “Enhancement of Proximity-Induced Superconductivity in a Planar Ge Hole Gas.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>. American Physical Society, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005</a>.","ista":"Aggarwal K, Hofmann AC, Jirovec D, Prieto Gonzalez I, Sammak A, Botifoll M, Martí-Sánchez S, Veldhorst M, Arbiol J, Scappucci G, Danon J, Katsaros G. 2021. Enhancement of proximity-induced superconductivity in a planar Ge hole gas. Physical Review Research. 3(2), L022005."},"arxiv":1,"month":"04","article_number":"L022005","file":[{"checksum":"60a1bc9c9b616b1b155044bb8cfc6484","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"file_name":"2021_PhysRevResearch_Aggarwal.pdf","file_id":"10561","creator":"cchlebak","date_updated":"2021-12-17T08:12:37Z","date_created":"2021-12-17T08:12:37Z","file_size":1917512}],"department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"intvolume":"         3","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Hole gases in planar germanium can have high mobilities in combination with strong spin-orbit interaction and electrically tunable g factors, and are therefore emerging as a promising platform for creating hybrid superconductor-semiconductor devices. A key challenge towards hybrid Ge-based quantum technologies is the design of high-quality interfaces and superconducting contacts that are robust against magnetic fields. In this work, by combining the assets of aluminum, which provides good contact to the Ge, and niobium, which has a significant superconducting gap, we demonstrate highly transparent low-disordered JoFETs with relatively large ICRN products that are capable of withstanding high magnetic fields. We furthermore demonstrate the ability of phase-biasing individual JoFETs, opening up an avenue to explore topological superconductivity in planar Ge. The persistence of superconductivity in the reported hybrid devices beyond 1.8 T paves the way towards integrating spin qubits and proximity-induced superconductivity on the same chip."}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2643-1564"]},"file_date_updated":"2021-12-17T08:12:37Z","oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Enhancement of proximity-induced superconductivity in a planar Ge hole gas","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-9985-9293","first_name":"Kushagra","last_name":"Aggarwal","full_name":"Aggarwal, Kushagra","id":"b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb"},{"full_name":"Hofmann, Andrea C","id":"340F461A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hofmann","first_name":"Andrea C"},{"last_name":"Jirovec","full_name":"Jirovec, Daniel","id":"4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-7197-4801","first_name":"Daniel"},{"full_name":"Prieto Gonzalez, Ivan","id":"2A307FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Prieto Gonzalez","orcid":"0000-0002-7370-5357","first_name":"Ivan"},{"last_name":"Sammak","full_name":"Sammak, Amir","first_name":"Amir"},{"last_name":"Botifoll","full_name":"Botifoll, Marc","first_name":"Marc"},{"first_name":"Sara","full_name":"Martí-Sánchez, Sara","last_name":"Martí-Sánchez"},{"first_name":"Menno","full_name":"Veldhorst, Menno","last_name":"Veldhorst"},{"last_name":"Arbiol","full_name":"Arbiol, Jordi","first_name":"Jordi"},{"last_name":"Scappucci","full_name":"Scappucci, Giordano","first_name":"Giordano"},{"last_name":"Danon","full_name":"Danon, Jeroen","first_name":"Jeroen"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"}],"scopus_import":"1","day":"15","article_type":"original","date_created":"2021-12-16T18:50:57Z","volume":3},{"project":[{"call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","grant_number":"P32235","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","grant_number":"862046","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"}],"status":"public","publication":"Nano Letters","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge G. Burkard, V. N. Golovach, C. Kloeffel, D.Loss, P. Rabl, and M. Rancič ́ for helpful discussions. We\r\nfurther acknowledge T. Adletzberger, J. Aguilera, T. Asenov, S. Bagiante, T. Menner, L. Shafeek, P. Taus, P. Traunmüller, and D. Waldhausl for their invaluable assistance. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility, by the FWF-P 32235 project, by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFA0301701, 2016YFA0300600), and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 862046. All data of this publication are available at 10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689.","date_published":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","pmid":1,"ec_funded":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000548893200066"],"pmid":["32479090"]},"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"research_data","id":"7689"}]},"year":"2020","isi":1,"ddc":["530"],"page":"5201-5206","quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2024-02-21T12:44:01Z","_id":"8203","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","issue":"7","citation":{"chicago":"Katsaros, Georgios, Josip Kukucka, Lada Vukušić, Hannes Watzinger, Fei Gao, Ting Wang, Jian-Jun Zhang, and Karsten Held. “Zero Field Splitting of Heavy-Hole States in Quantum Dots.” <i>Nano Letters</i>. American Chemical Society, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466</a>.","ista":"Katsaros G, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, Watzinger H, Gao F, Wang T, Zhang J-J, Held K. 2020. Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots. Nano Letters. 20(7), 5201–5206.","mla":"Katsaros, Georgios, et al. “Zero Field Splitting of Heavy-Hole States in Quantum Dots.” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 20, no. 7, American Chemical Society, 2020, pp. 5201–06, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466\">10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466</a>.","apa":"Katsaros, G., Kukucka, J., Vukušić, L., Watzinger, H., Gao, F., Wang, T., … Held, K. (2020). Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots. <i>Nano Letters</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466</a>","ama":"Katsaros G, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, et al. Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots. <i>Nano Letters</i>. 2020;20(7):5201-5206. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466\">10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466</a>","short":"G. Katsaros, J. Kukucka, L. Vukušić, H. Watzinger, F. Gao, T. Wang, J.-J. Zhang, K. Held, Nano Letters 20 (2020) 5201–5206.","ieee":"G. Katsaros <i>et al.</i>, “Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots,” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 20, no. 7. American Chemical Society, pp. 5201–5206, 2020."},"month":"06","file":[{"file_id":"8204","date_created":"2020-08-06T09:35:37Z","file_size":3308906,"creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2020-08-06T09:35:37Z","relation":"main_file","file_name":"2020_NanoLetters_Katsaros.pdf","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access"}],"department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"intvolume":"        20","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Using inelastic cotunneling spectroscopy we observe a zero field splitting within the spin triplet manifold of Ge hut wire quantum dots. The states with spin ±1 in the confinement direction are energetically favored by up to 55 μeV compared to the spin 0 triplet state because of the strong spin–orbit coupling. The reported effect should be observable in a broad class of strongly confined hole quantum-dot systems and might need to be considered when operating hole spin qubits."}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1530-6984"],"eissn":["1530-6992"]},"publication_status":"published","file_date_updated":"2020-08-06T09:35:37Z","oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots","author":[{"full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Katsaros","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios"},{"first_name":"Josip","id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","last_name":"Kukucka"},{"last_name":"Vukušić","id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Vukušić, Lada","orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636","first_name":"Lada"},{"first_name":"Hannes","last_name":"Watzinger","full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes","id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Gao","full_name":"Gao, Fei","first_name":"Fei"},{"first_name":"Ting","orcid":"0000-0002-4619-9575","last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Ting"},{"first_name":"Jian-Jun","full_name":"Zhang, Jian-Jun","last_name":"Zhang"},{"first_name":"Karsten","full_name":"Held, Karsten","last_name":"Held"}],"scopus_import":"1","day":"01","article_type":"original","date_created":"2020-08-06T09:25:04Z","volume":20},{"year":"2020","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"10559","relation":"later_version","status":"public"},{"relation":"research_data","status":"public","id":"8834"},{"id":"10058","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}]},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2012.00322"]},"publication":"arXiv","status":"public","project":[{"name":"Hybrid Semiconductor - Superconductor Quantum Devices","_id":"262116AA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"grant_number":"844511","name":"Majorana bound states in Ge/SiGe heterostructures","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"26A151DA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"862046","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS"}],"ec_funded":1,"acknowledgement":"This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement #844511 and the Grant Agreement #862046. ICN2 acknowledge funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 SGR 327. ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa\r\nprogram from Spanish MINECO (Grant No. SEV2017-0706) and is funded by the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present work has been performed in the framework of Universitat Aut`onoma de Barcelona Materials Science PhD program. The HAADF-STEM microscopy was conducted in the Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas at Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon-Universidad de Zaragoza. Authors acknowledge the LMA-INA for offering access to their instruments and expertise. We acknowledge support from CSIC Research Platform on Quantum Technologies PTI-001. This project has received funding from\r\nthe European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 823717 – ESTEEM3. M.B. acknowledges support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya and the EU Social Fund; project ref. 2020 FI 00103. GS and MV acknowledge support through a projectruimte grant associated with the Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research (NWO).","date_published":"2020-12-02T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"8831","date_updated":"2024-03-25T23:30:14Z","type":"preprint","ddc":["530"],"month":"12","arxiv":1,"department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"file":[{"checksum":"22a612e206232fa94b138b2c2f957582","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"Superconducting_2D_Ge.pdf","file_id":"8832","creator":"gkatsaro","date_updated":"2020-12-02T10:42:31Z","file_size":1697939,"date_created":"2020-12-02T10:42:31Z"}],"article_number":"2012.00322","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"ama":"Aggarwal K, Hofmann AC, Jirovec D, et al. Enhancement of proximity induced superconductivity in planar Germanium. <i>arXiv</i>.","ieee":"K. Aggarwal <i>et al.</i>, “Enhancement of proximity induced superconductivity in planar Germanium,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","short":"K. Aggarwal, A.C. Hofmann, D. Jirovec, I. Prieto Gonzalez, A. Sammak, M. Botifoll, S. Marti-Sanchez, M. Veldhorst, J. Arbiol, G. Scappucci, G. Katsaros, ArXiv (n.d.).","ista":"Aggarwal K, Hofmann AC, Jirovec D, Prieto Gonzalez I, Sammak A, Botifoll M, Marti-Sanchez S, Veldhorst M, Arbiol J, Scappucci G, Katsaros G. Enhancement of proximity induced superconductivity in planar Germanium. arXiv, 2012.00322.","chicago":"Aggarwal, Kushagra, Andrea C Hofmann, Daniel Jirovec, Ivan Prieto Gonzalez, Amir Sammak, Marc Botifoll, Sara Marti-Sanchez, et al. “Enhancement of Proximity Induced Superconductivity in Planar Germanium.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d.","apa":"Aggarwal, K., Hofmann, A. C., Jirovec, D., Prieto Gonzalez, I., Sammak, A., Botifoll, M., … Katsaros, G. (n.d.). Enhancement of proximity induced superconductivity in planar Germanium. <i>arXiv</i>.","mla":"Aggarwal, Kushagra, et al. “Enhancement of Proximity Induced Superconductivity in Planar Germanium.” <i>ArXiv</i>, 2012.00322."},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","day":"02","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-9985-9293","first_name":"Kushagra","full_name":"Aggarwal, Kushagra","id":"b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb","last_name":"Aggarwal"},{"full_name":"Hofmann, Andrea C","id":"340F461A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hofmann","first_name":"Andrea C"},{"first_name":"Daniel","orcid":"0000-0002-7197-4801","last_name":"Jirovec","full_name":"Jirovec, Daniel","id":"4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"2A307FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Prieto Gonzalez, Ivan","last_name":"Prieto Gonzalez","orcid":"0000-0002-7370-5357","first_name":"Ivan"},{"first_name":"Amir","last_name":"Sammak","full_name":"Sammak, Amir"},{"last_name":"Botifoll","full_name":"Botifoll, Marc","first_name":"Marc"},{"full_name":"Marti-Sanchez, Sara","last_name":"Marti-Sanchez","first_name":"Sara"},{"full_name":"Veldhorst, Menno","last_name":"Veldhorst","first_name":"Menno"},{"first_name":"Jordi","full_name":"Arbiol, Jordi","last_name":"Arbiol"},{"first_name":"Giordano","last_name":"Scappucci","full_name":"Scappucci, Giordano"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"title":"Enhancement of proximity induced superconductivity in planar Germanium","oa_version":"Submitted Version","date_created":"2020-12-02T10:42:53Z","has_accepted_license":"1","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Holes in planar Ge have high mobilities, strong spin-orbit interaction and electrically tunable g-factors, and are therefore emerging as a promising candidate for hybrid superconductorsemiconductor devices. This is further motivated by the observation of supercurrent transport in planar Ge Josephson Field effect transistors (JoFETs). A key challenge towards hybrid germanium quantum technology is the design of high quality interfaces and superconducting contacts that are robust against magnetic fields. By combining the assets of Al, which has a long superconducting coherence, and Nb, which has a significant superconducting gap, we form low-disordered JoFETs with large ICRN products that are capable of withstanding high magnetic fields. We furthermore demonstrate the ability of phase-biasing individual JoFETs opening up an avenue to explore topological superconductivity in planar Ge. The persistence of superconductivity in the reported hybrid devices beyond 1.8 T paves the way towards integrating spin qubits and proximity-induced superconductivity on the same chip.","lang":"eng"}],"file_date_updated":"2020-12-02T10:42:31Z","publication_status":"submitted"},{"acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2016YFA0301701 and 2016YFA0300600), the NSFC (Grant Nos. 11574356, 11434010, and 11404252), the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (Grant No. XDB30000000), the ERC Starting Grant No. 335497, the FWF P32235 project, and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement #862046. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility. F.L. thanks support from DOE (Grant No. DE‐FG02‐04ER46148). H.H. thanks the Startup Funding from Xi'an Jiaotong University.","date_published":"2020-04-23T00:00:00Z","ec_funded":1,"status":"public","publication":"Advanced Materials","project":[{"call_identifier":"FP7","name":"Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires","grant_number":"335497","_id":"25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","grant_number":"P32235","call_identifier":"FWF"},{"grant_number":"862046","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"7996"},{"id":"9222","relation":"research_data","status":"public"}]},"external_id":{"isi":["000516660900001"]},"isi":1,"year":"2020","quality_controlled":"1","ddc":["530"],"type":"journal_article","_id":"7541","date_updated":"2024-02-21T12:42:12Z","publisher":"Wiley","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","doi":"10.1002/adma.201906523","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","citation":{"mla":"Gao, Fei, et al. “Site-Controlled Uniform Ge/Si Hut Wires with Electrically Tunable Spin-Orbit Coupling.” <i>Advanced Materials</i>, vol. 32, no. 16, 1906523, Wiley, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523\">10.1002/adma.201906523</a>.","apa":"Gao, F., Wang, J.-H., Watzinger, H., Hu, H., Rančić, M. J., Zhang, J.-Y., … Zhang, J.-J. (2020). Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling. <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523\">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523</a>","ista":"Gao F, Wang J-H, Watzinger H, Hu H, Rančić MJ, Zhang J-Y, Wang T, Yao Y, Wang G-L, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, Kloeffel C, Loss D, Liu F, Katsaros G, Zhang J-J. 2020. Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling. Advanced Materials. 32(16), 1906523.","chicago":"Gao, Fei, Jian-Huan Wang, Hannes Watzinger, Hao Hu, Marko J. Rančić, Jie-Yin Zhang, Ting Wang, et al. “Site-Controlled Uniform Ge/Si Hut Wires with Electrically Tunable Spin-Orbit Coupling.” <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523\">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523</a>.","short":"F. Gao, J.-H. Wang, H. Watzinger, H. Hu, M.J. Rančić, J.-Y. Zhang, T. Wang, Y. Yao, G.-L. Wang, J. Kukucka, L. Vukušić, C. Kloeffel, D. Loss, F. Liu, G. Katsaros, J.-J. Zhang, Advanced Materials 32 (2020).","ieee":"F. Gao <i>et al.</i>, “Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling,” <i>Advanced Materials</i>, vol. 32, no. 16. Wiley, 2020.","ama":"Gao F, Wang J-H, Watzinger H, et al. Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling. <i>Advanced Materials</i>. 2020;32(16). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523\">10.1002/adma.201906523</a>"},"issue":"16","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"file":[{"checksum":"c622737dc295972065782558337124a2","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"file_name":"2020_AdvancedMaterials_Gao.pdf","file_id":"8782","date_updated":"2020-11-20T10:11:35Z","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2020-11-20T10:11:35Z","file_size":5242880}],"article_number":"1906523","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"month":"04","file_date_updated":"2020-11-20T10:11:35Z","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0935-9648"]},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Semiconductor nanowires have been playing a crucial role in the development of nanoscale devices for the realization of spin qubits, Majorana fermions, single photon emitters, nanoprocessors, etc. The monolithic growth of site‐controlled nanowires is a prerequisite toward the next generation of devices that will require addressability and scalability. Here, combining top‐down nanofabrication and bottom‐up self‐assembly, the growth of Ge wires on prepatterned Si (001) substrates with controllable position, distance, length, and structure is reported. This is achieved by a novel growth process that uses a SiGe strain‐relaxation template and can be potentially generalized to other material combinations. Transport measurements show an electrically tunable spin–orbit coupling, with a spin–orbit length similar to that of III–V materials. Also, charge sensing between quantum dots in closely spaced wires is observed, which underlines their potential for the realization of advanced quantum devices. The reported results open a path toward scalable qubit devices using nanowires on silicon."}],"intvolume":"        32","has_accepted_license":"1","date_created":"2020-02-28T09:47:00Z","article_type":"original","volume":32,"oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling","day":"23","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Gao, Fei","last_name":"Gao","first_name":"Fei"},{"first_name":"Jian-Huan","last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Jian-Huan"},{"first_name":"Hannes","last_name":"Watzinger","full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes","id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Hu, Hao","last_name":"Hu","first_name":"Hao"},{"last_name":"Rančić","full_name":"Rančić, Marko J.","first_name":"Marko J."},{"last_name":"Zhang","full_name":"Zhang, Jie-Yin","first_name":"Jie-Yin"},{"first_name":"Ting","full_name":"Wang, Ting","last_name":"Wang"},{"last_name":"Yao","full_name":"Yao, Yuan","first_name":"Yuan"},{"full_name":"Wang, Gui-Lei","last_name":"Wang","first_name":"Gui-Lei"},{"first_name":"Josip","id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","last_name":"Kukucka"},{"last_name":"Vukušić","id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Vukušić, Lada","orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636","first_name":"Lada"},{"last_name":"Kloeffel","full_name":"Kloeffel, Christoph","first_name":"Christoph"},{"full_name":"Loss, Daniel","last_name":"Loss","first_name":"Daniel"},{"first_name":"Feng","full_name":"Liu, Feng","last_name":"Liu"},{"first_name":"Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","last_name":"Katsaros","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"},{"first_name":"Jian-Jun","last_name":"Zhang","full_name":"Zhang, Jian-Jun"}]},{"status":"public","project":[{"_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","grant_number":"862046","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"P32235","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices"}],"oa":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_published":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","citation":{"ama":"Katsaros G. Supplementary data for “Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots.” 2020. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689</a>","ieee":"G. Katsaros, “Supplementary data for ‘Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.","short":"G. Katsaros, (2020).","ista":"Katsaros G. 2020. Supplementary data for ‘Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots’, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689</a>.","chicago":"Katsaros, Georgios. “Supplementary Data for ‘Zero Field Splitting of Heavy-Hole States in Quantum Dots.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689</a>.","apa":"Katsaros, G. (2020). Supplementary data for “Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689</a>","mla":"Katsaros, Georgios. <i>Supplementary Data for “Zero Field Splitting of Heavy-Hole States in Quantum Dots.”</i> Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689</a>."},"ec_funded":1,"month":"05","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"8203","relation":"used_in_publication","status":"public"}]},"year":"2020","file":[{"file_id":"7786","date_created":"2020-05-01T15:13:28Z","file_size":5514403,"creator":"gkatsaro","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:02Z","relation":"main_file","checksum":"d23c0cb9e2d19e14e2f902b88b97c05d","file_name":"DOI_ZeroFieldSplitting.zip","content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","access_level":"open_access"}],"department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"ddc":["530"],"license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_0.png","short":"CC0 (1.0)"},"abstract":[{"text":"These are the supplementary research data to the publication \"Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots\". All matrix files have the same format. Within each column the bias voltage is changed. Each column corresponds to either a different gate voltage or magnetic field. The voltage values are given in mV, the current values in pA. Find a specific description in the included Readme file.\r\n","lang":"eng"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:02Z","oa_version":"Published Version","publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","title":"Supplementary data for \"Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots\"","contributor":[{"contributor_type":"contact_person","first_name":"Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Katsaros"}],"day":"01","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"last_name":"Katsaros","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","first_name":"Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X"}],"doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689","date_created":"2020-05-01T15:14:46Z","type":"research_data","_id":"7689","date_updated":"2024-02-21T12:44:02Z"}]