[{"intvolume":"       380","title":"Entangling microwaves with light","date_created":"2023-05-31T11:39:24Z","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","publication_status":"published","author":[{"id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Rishabh","last_name":"Sahu","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh"},{"id":"45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac","orcid":"0000-0003-4345-4267","full_name":"Qiu, Liu","first_name":"Liu","last_name":"Qiu"},{"first_name":"William J","last_name":"Hease","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","full_name":"Hease, William J","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Georg M","last_name":"Arnold","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Minoguchi, Y.","first_name":"Y.","last_name":"Minoguchi"},{"last_name":"Rabl","first_name":"P.","full_name":"Rabl, P."},{"id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink"}],"_id":"13106","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","ec_funded":1,"page":"718-721","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Quantum entanglement is a key resource in currently developed quantum technologies. Sharing this fragile property between superconducting microwave circuits and optical or atomic systems would enable new functionalities, but this has been hindered by an energy scale mismatch of >104 and the resulting mutually imposed loss and noise. In this work, we created and verified entanglement between microwave and optical fields in a millikelvin environment. Using an optically pulsed superconducting electro-optical device, we show entanglement between propagating microwave and optical fields in the continuous variable domain. This achievement not only paves the way for entanglement between superconducting circuits and telecom wavelength light, but also has wide-ranging implications for hybrid quantum networks in the context of modularization, scaling, sensing, and cross-platform verification."}],"day":"18","arxiv":1,"doi":"10.1126/science.adg3812","degree_awarded":"PhD","external_id":{"arxiv":["2301.03315"],"isi":["000996515200004"]},"isi":1,"year":"2023","citation":{"mla":"Sahu, Rishabh, et al. <i>Entangling Microwaves with Light</i>. Vol. 380, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023, pp. 718–21, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812\">10.1126/science.adg3812</a>.","short":"R. Sahu, L. Qiu, W.J. Hease, G.M. Arnold, Y. Minoguchi, P. Rabl, J.M. Fink, Entangling Microwaves with Light, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023.","ista":"Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Minoguchi Y, Rabl P, Fink JM. 2023. Entangling microwaves with light. American Association for the Advancement of Science.","apa":"Sahu, R., Qiu, L., Hease, W. J., Arnold, G. M., Minoguchi, Y., Rabl, P., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2023). <i>Entangling microwaves with light</i>. American Association for the Advancement of Science. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812\">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812</a>","ama":"Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, et al. Entangling microwaves with light. 2023;380:718-721. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812\">10.1126/science.adg3812</a>","chicago":"Sahu, Rishabh, Liu Qiu, William J Hease, Georg M Arnold, Y. Minoguchi, P. Rabl, and Johannes M Fink. “Entangling Microwaves with Light.” American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812\">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812</a>.","ieee":"R. Sahu <i>et al.</i>, “Entangling microwaves with light,” American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023."},"date_updated":"2025-07-15T09:17:40Z","volume":380,"acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the European Research Council (grant no. 758053, ERC StG QUNNECT) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (grant no. 899354, FETopen SuperQuLAN). L.Q. acknowledges generous support from the ISTFELLOW program. W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant no. 754411). G.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. J.M.F. acknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (grant no. F7105) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (grant no. 862644, FETopen QUARTET).","month":"05","project":[{"_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"758053","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits"},{"_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"899354"},{"grant_number":"754411","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits","grant_number":"F07105"},{"name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies","grant_number":"862644","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"name":"Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves to optical frequencies","_id":"2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"oa_version":"Preprint","keyword":["Multidisciplinary"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0036-8075"],"eissn":["1095-9203"]},"type":"dissertation","date_published":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","status":"public","related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"press_release","description":"News on ISTA Website","url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/wiring-up-quantum-circuits-with-light/"}],"record":[{"id":"13122","relation":"research_data","status":"public"}]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.03315"}]},{"publication_status":"published","date_created":"2022-03-27T22:01:45Z","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface","intvolume":"        13","_id":"10924","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","first_name":"Rishabh","last_name":"Sahu","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Hease, William J","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","last_name":"Hease","first_name":"William J","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Alfredo R","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","first_name":"Georg M","last_name":"Arnold","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac","full_name":"Qiu, Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-4345-4267","last_name":"Qiu","first_name":"Liu"},{"full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","last_name":"Fink","first_name":"Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","article_type":"original","quality_controlled":"1","ec_funded":1,"file_date_updated":"2022-03-28T08:02:12Z","arxiv":1,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2","day":"11","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Solid-state microwave systems offer strong interactions for fast quantum logic and sensing but photons at telecom wavelength are the ideal choice for high-density low-loss quantum interconnects. A general-purpose interface that can make use of single photon effects requires < 1 input noise quanta, which has remained elusive due to either low efficiency or pump induced heating. Here we demonstrate coherent electro-optic modulation on nanosecond-timescales with only 0.16+0.02−0.01 microwave input noise photons with a total bidirectional transduction efficiency of 8.7% (or up to 15% with 0.41+0.02−0.02), as required for near-term heralded quantum network protocols. The use of short and high-power optical pump pulses also enables near-unity cooperativity of the electro-optic interaction leading to an internal pure conversion efficiency of up to 99.5%. Together with the low mode occupancy this provides evidence for electro-optic laser cooling and vacuum amplification as predicted a decade ago."}],"date_updated":"2024-10-29T09:11:06Z","citation":{"ieee":"R. Sahu, W. J. Hease, A. R. Rueda Sanchez, G. M. Arnold, L. Qiu, and J. M. Fink, “Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 13. Springer Nature, 2022.","chicago":"Sahu, Rishabh, William J Hease, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Georg M Arnold, Liu Qiu, and Johannes M Fink. “Quantum-Enabled Operation of a Microwave-Optical Interface.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>.","apa":"Sahu, R., Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Arnold, G. M., Qiu, L., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2022). Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>","ama":"Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2022;13. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2\">10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>","ista":"Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. 2022. Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface. Nature Communications. 13, 1276.","short":"R. Sahu, W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, G.M. Arnold, L. Qiu, J.M. Fink, Nature Communications 13 (2022).","mla":"Sahu, Rishabh, et al. “Quantum-Enabled Operation of a Microwave-Optical Interface.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 13, 1276, Springer Nature, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2\">10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>."},"year":"2022","isi":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2107.08303"],"isi":["000767892300013"]},"acknowledgement":"The authors thank S. Wald and F. Diorico for their help with optical filtering, O. Hosten\r\nand M. Aspelmeyer for equipment, H.G.L. Schwefel for materials and discussions, L.\r\nDrmic and P. Zielinski for software support, and the MIBA workshop at IST Austria for\r\nmachining the microwave cavity. This work was supported by the European Research\r\nCouncil under grant agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT) and the European\r\nUnion’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no.\r\n899354 (FETopen SuperQuLAN). W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship\r\nwith funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation\r\nprogram under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 754411. G.A. is the\r\nrecipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. J.M.F.\r\nacknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F7105)\r\nand the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs under grant\r\nagreement no. 862644 (FETopen QUARTET).","volume":13,"ddc":["530"],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","project":[{"name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"758053","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"899354","name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits"},{"name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","grant_number":"754411","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits","grant_number":"F07105"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","grant_number":"862644","name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies"}],"month":"03","article_number":"1276","publication":"Nature Communications","has_accepted_license":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["20411723"]},"oa":1,"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"date_published":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","file":[{"date_updated":"2022-03-28T08:02:12Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2022_NatureCommunications_Sahu.pdf","date_created":"2022-03-28T08:02:12Z","file_size":1167492,"checksum":"7c5176db7b8e2ed18a4e0c5aca70a72c","file_id":"10929","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","success":1}],"status":"public","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"12900"},{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"13175"}]},"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8"},{"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-3-99078-024-4"],"issn":["2663-337X"]},"oa":1,"supervisor":[{"id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M"}],"type":"dissertation","date_published":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","file":[{"creator":"cchlebak","file_id":"12367","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"Final_Thesis_ES_Redchenko.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_updated":"2023-01-26T23:30:44Z","checksum":"39eabb1e006b41335f17f3b29af09648","file_size":56076868,"date_created":"2023-01-25T09:41:49Z","embargo":"2022-12-28"}],"status":"public","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","project":[{"grant_number":"665385","name":"International IST Doctoral Program","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"758053","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","grant_number":"862644","name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"EM-Fac"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","month":"09","has_accepted_license":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"day":"26","doi":"10.15479/at:ista:12132","degree_awarded":"PhD","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Recent substantial advances in the feld of superconducting circuits have shown its\r\npotential as a leading platform for future quantum computing. In contrast to classical\r\ncomputers based on bits that are represented by a single binary value, 0 or 1, quantum\r\nbits (or qubits) can be in a superposition of both. Thus, quantum computers can store\r\nand handle more information at the same time and a quantum advantage has already\r\nbeen demonstrated for two types of computational tasks. Rapid progress in academic\r\nand industry labs accelerates the development of superconducting processors which may\r\nsoon fnd applications in complex computations, chemical simulations, cryptography, and\r\noptimization. Now that these machines are scaled up to tackle such problems the questions\r\nof qubit interconnects and networks becomes very relevant. How to route signals on-chip\r\nbetween diferent processor components? What is the most efcient way to entangle\r\nqubits? And how to then send and process entangled signals between distant cryostats\r\nhosting superconducting processors?\r\nIn this thesis, we are looking for solutions to these problems by studying the collective\r\nbehavior of superconducting qubit ensembles. We frst demonstrate on-demand tunable\r\ndirectional scattering of microwave photons from a pair of qubits in a waveguide. Such a\r\ndevice can route microwave photons on-chip with a high diode efciency. Then we focus\r\non studying ultra-strong coupling regimes between light (microwave photons) and matter\r\n(superconducting qubits), a regime that could be promising for extremely fast multi-qubit\r\nentanglement generation. Finally, we show coherent pulse storage and periodic revivals\r\nin a fve qubit ensemble strongly coupled to a resonator. Such a reconfgurable storage\r\ndevice could be used as part of a quantum repeater that is needed for longer-distance\r\nquantum communication.\r\nThe achieved high degree of control over multi-qubit ensembles highlights not only the\r\nbeautiful physics of circuit quantum electrodynamics, it also represents the frst step\r\ntoward new quantum simulation and communication methods, and certain techniques\r\nmay also fnd applications in future superconducting quantum computing hardware.\r\n"}],"citation":{"ama":"Redchenko E. Controllable states of superconducting Qubit ensembles. 2022. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12132\">10.15479/at:ista:12132</a>","apa":"Redchenko, E. (2022). <i>Controllable states of superconducting Qubit ensembles</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12132\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12132</a>","ieee":"E. Redchenko, “Controllable states of superconducting Qubit ensembles,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022.","chicago":"Redchenko, Elena. “Controllable States of Superconducting Qubit Ensembles.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12132\">https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12132</a>.","short":"E. Redchenko, Controllable States of Superconducting Qubit Ensembles, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022.","mla":"Redchenko, Elena. <i>Controllable States of Superconducting Qubit Ensembles</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/at:ista:12132\">10.15479/at:ista:12132</a>.","ista":"Redchenko E. 2022. Controllable states of superconducting Qubit ensembles. Institute of Science and Technology Austria."},"year":"2022","date_updated":"2024-08-07T07:11:56Z","ddc":["530"],"article_processing_charge":"No","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"JoFi"}],"date_created":"2023-01-25T09:17:02Z","publication_status":"published","title":"Controllable states of superconducting Qubit ensembles","alternative_title":["ISTA Thesis"],"_id":"12366","author":[{"last_name":"Redchenko","first_name":"Elena","full_name":"Redchenko, Elena","id":"2C21D6E8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","ec_funded":1,"page":"168","file_date_updated":"2023-01-26T23:30:44Z"},{"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2020-05-06T00:00:00Z","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["23752548"]},"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"later_version","id":"9001","status":"public"}],"link":[{"url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/scientists-demonstrate-quantum-radar-prototype/","description":"News on IST Homepage","relation":"press_release"}]},"status":"public","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","file":[{"date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:05Z","file_name":"2020_ScienceAdvances_Barzanjeh.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2020-06-02T09:18:36Z","file_size":795822,"checksum":"16fa61cc1951b444ee74c07188cda9da","file_id":"7913","creator":"dernst","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Science Advances","article_number":"eabb0451","month":"05","project":[{"name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"758053","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"grant_number":"862644","name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies","_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"name":"Microwave-to-Optical Quantum Link: Quantum Teleportation and Quantum Illumination with cavity Optomechanics SUPEREOM","grant_number":"707438","_id":"258047B6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"257EB838-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies","grant_number":"732894"},{"grant_number":"F07105","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000531171100045"],"arxiv":["1908.03058"]},"isi":1,"citation":{"mla":"Barzanjeh, Shabir, et al. “Microwave Quantum Illumination Using a Digital Receiver.” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol. 6, no. 19, eabb0451, AAAS, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb0451\">10.1126/sciadv.abb0451</a>.","short":"S. Barzanjeh, S. Pirandola, D. Vitali, J.M. Fink, Science Advances 6 (2020).","ista":"Barzanjeh S, Pirandola S, Vitali D, Fink JM. 2020. Microwave quantum illumination using a digital receiver. Science Advances. 6(19), eabb0451.","ama":"Barzanjeh S, Pirandola S, Vitali D, Fink JM. Microwave quantum illumination using a digital receiver. <i>Science Advances</i>. 2020;6(19). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb0451\">10.1126/sciadv.abb0451</a>","apa":"Barzanjeh, S., Pirandola, S., Vitali, D., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2020). Microwave quantum illumination using a digital receiver. <i>Science Advances</i>. AAAS. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb0451\">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb0451</a>","ieee":"S. Barzanjeh, S. Pirandola, D. Vitali, and J. M. Fink, “Microwave quantum illumination using a digital receiver,” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol. 6, no. 19. AAAS, 2020.","chicago":"Barzanjeh, Shabir, S. Pirandola, D Vitali, and Johannes M Fink. “Microwave Quantum Illumination Using a Digital Receiver.” <i>Science Advances</i>. AAAS, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb0451\">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb0451</a>."},"year":"2020","date_updated":"2024-09-10T12:23:52Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Quantum illumination uses entangled signal-idler photon pairs to boost the detection efficiency of low-reflectivity objects in environments with bright thermal noise. Its advantage is particularly evident at low signal powers, a promising feature for applications such as noninvasive biomedical scanning or low-power short-range radar. Here, we experimentally investigate the concept of quantum illumination at microwave frequencies. We generate entangled fields to illuminate a room-temperature object at a distance of 1 m in a free-space detection setup. We implement a digital phase-conjugate receiver based on linear quadrature measurements that outperforms a symmetric classical noise radar in the same conditions, despite the entanglement-breaking signal path. Starting from experimental data, we also simulate the case of perfect idler photon number detection, which results in a quantum advantage compared with the relative classical benchmark. Our results highlight the opportunities and challenges in the way toward a first room-temperature application of microwave quantum circuits."}],"day":"06","arxiv":1,"doi":"10.1126/sciadv.abb0451","ddc":["530"],"volume":6,"issue":"19","author":[{"full_name":"Barzanjeh, Shabir","orcid":"0000-0003-0415-1423","last_name":"Barzanjeh","first_name":"Shabir","id":"2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Pirandola","full_name":"Pirandola, S."},{"full_name":"Vitali, D","first_name":"D","last_name":"Vitali"},{"id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","last_name":"Fink","first_name":"Johannes M"}],"scopus_import":"1","_id":"7910","intvolume":"         6","title":"Microwave quantum illumination using a digital receiver","article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2020-05-31T22:00:49Z","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"publication_status":"published","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:05Z","quality_controlled":"1","ec_funded":1,"article_type":"original","publisher":"AAAS"},{"author":[{"first_name":"Georg M","last_name":"Arnold","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-6613-1378","full_name":"Wulf, Matthias","first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Wulf"},{"full_name":"Barzanjeh, Shabir","orcid":"0000-0003-0415-1423","last_name":"Barzanjeh","first_name":"Shabir","id":"2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Redchenko","first_name":"Elena","full_name":"Redchenko, Elena","id":"2C21D6E8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","first_name":"Alfredo R"},{"first_name":"William J","last_name":"Hease","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","full_name":"Hease, William J","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hassani","first_name":"Farid","full_name":"Hassani, Farid","orcid":"0000-0001-6937-5773"},{"full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","last_name":"Fink","first_name":"Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"_id":"8529","intvolume":"        11","title":"Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface","date_created":"2020-09-18T10:56:20Z","article_processing_charge":"No","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"publication_status":"published","file_date_updated":"2020-09-18T13:02:37Z","quality_controlled":"1","ec_funded":1,"article_type":"original","publisher":"Springer Nature","external_id":{"isi":["000577280200001"]},"isi":1,"citation":{"short":"G.M. Arnold, M. Wulf, S. Barzanjeh, E. Redchenko, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, W.J. Hease, F. Hassani, J.M. Fink, Nature Communications 11 (2020).","mla":"Arnold, Georg M., et al. “Converting Microwave and Telecom Photons with a Silicon Photonic Nanomechanical Interface.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 11, 4460, Springer Nature, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z\">10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z</a>.","ista":"Arnold GM, Wulf M, Barzanjeh S, Redchenko E, Rueda Sanchez AR, Hease WJ, Hassani F, Fink JM. 2020. Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. Nature Communications. 11, 4460.","apa":"Arnold, G. M., Wulf, M., Barzanjeh, S., Redchenko, E., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Hease, W. J., … Fink, J. M. (2020). Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z</a>","ama":"Arnold GM, Wulf M, Barzanjeh S, et al. Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2020;11. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z\">10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z</a>","chicago":"Arnold, Georg M, Matthias Wulf, Shabir Barzanjeh, Elena Redchenko, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, William J Hease, Farid Hassani, and Johannes M Fink. “Converting Microwave and Telecom Photons with a Silicon Photonic Nanomechanical Interface.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z</a>.","ieee":"G. M. Arnold <i>et al.</i>, “Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 11. Springer Nature, 2020."},"year":"2020","date_updated":"2024-08-07T07:11:51Z","abstract":[{"text":"Practical quantum networks require low-loss and noise-resilient optical interconnects as well as non-Gaussian resources for entanglement distillation and distributed quantum computation. The latter could be provided by superconducting circuits but existing solutions to interface the microwave and optical domains lack either scalability or efficiency, and in most cases the conversion noise is not known. In this work we utilize the unique opportunities of silicon photonics, cavity optomechanics and superconducting circuits to demonstrate a fully integrated, coherent transducer interfacing the microwave X and the telecom S bands with a total (internal) bidirectional transduction efficiency of 1.2% (135%) at millikelvin temperatures. The coupling relies solely on the radiation pressure interaction mediated by the femtometer-scale motion of two silicon nanobeams reaching a <jats:italic>V</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>π</jats:italic></jats:sub> as low as 16 μV for sub-nanowatt pump powers. Without the associated optomechanical gain, we achieve a total (internal) pure conversion efficiency of up to 0.019% (1.6%), relevant for future noise-free operation on this qubit-compatible platform.","lang":"eng"}],"day":"08","doi":"10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z","ddc":["530"],"volume":11,"acknowledgement":"We thank Yuan Chen for performing supplementary FEM simulations and Andrew Higginbotham, Ralf Riedinger, Sungkun Hong, and Lorenzo Magrini for valuable discussions. This work was supported by IST Austria, the IST nanofabrication facility (NFF), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 732894 (FET Proactive HOT) and the European Research Council under grant agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT). G.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 754411. J.M.F. acknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F71), a NOMIS foundation research grant, and the EU’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 862644 (FET Open QUARTET).","has_accepted_license":"1","publication":"Nature Communications","article_number":"4460","month":"09","project":[{"_id":"257EB838-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"732894","name":"Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies"},{"grant_number":"758053","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"grant_number":"754411","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies","grant_number":"862644","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"name":"Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves to optical frequencies","_id":"2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","keyword":["General Biochemistry","Genetics and Molecular Biology","General Physics and Astronomy","General Chemistry"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","date_published":"2020-09-08T00:00:00Z","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY (4.0)","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)"},"oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2041-1723"]},"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","status":"public","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","id":"13056","status":"public"}],"link":[{"relation":"erratum","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18912-9"},{"relation":"press_release","description":"News on IST Homepage","url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/how-to-transport-microwave-quantum-information-via-optical-fiber/"}]},"file":[{"date_updated":"2020-09-18T13:02:37Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2020_NatureComm_Arnold.pdf","date_created":"2020-09-18T13:02:37Z","checksum":"88f92544889eb18bb38e25629a422a86","file_size":1002818,"file_id":"8530","creator":"dernst","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","success":1}]},{"isi":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000582797300003"],"arxiv":["2007.01644"]},"date_updated":"2024-08-07T07:11:55Z","citation":{"ista":"Peruzzo M, Trioni A, Hassani F, Zemlicka M, Fink JM. 2020. Surpassing the resistance quantum with a geometric superinductor. Physical Review Applied. 14(4), 044055.","short":"M. Peruzzo, A. Trioni, F. Hassani, M. Zemlicka, J.M. Fink, Physical Review Applied 14 (2020).","mla":"Peruzzo, Matilda, et al. “Surpassing the Resistance Quantum with a Geometric Superinductor.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 14, no. 4, 044055, American Physical Society, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.044055\">10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.044055</a>.","ieee":"M. Peruzzo, A. Trioni, F. Hassani, M. Zemlicka, and J. M. Fink, “Surpassing the resistance quantum with a geometric superinductor,” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 14, no. 4. American Physical Society, 2020.","chicago":"Peruzzo, Matilda, Andrea Trioni, Farid Hassani, Martin Zemlicka, and Johannes M Fink. “Surpassing the Resistance Quantum with a Geometric Superinductor.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.044055\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.044055</a>.","apa":"Peruzzo, M., Trioni, A., Hassani, F., Zemlicka, M., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2020). Surpassing the resistance quantum with a geometric superinductor. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.044055\">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.044055</a>","ama":"Peruzzo M, Trioni A, Hassani F, Zemlicka M, Fink JM. Surpassing the resistance quantum with a geometric superinductor. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. 2020;14(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.044055\">10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.044055</a>"},"year":"2020","abstract":[{"text":"The superconducting circuit community has recently discovered the promising potential of superinductors. These circuit elements have a characteristic impedance exceeding the resistance quantum RQ ≈ 6.45 kΩ which leads to a suppression of ground state charge fluctuations. Applications include the realization of hardware protected qubits for fault tolerant quantum computing, improved coupling to small dipole moment objects and defining a new quantum metrology standard for the ampere. In this work we refute the widespread notion that superinductors can only be implemented based on kinetic inductance, i.e. using disordered superconductors or Josephson junction arrays. We present modeling, fabrication and characterization of 104 planar aluminum coil resonators with a characteristic impedance up to 30.9 kΩ at 5.6 GHz and a capacitance down to ≤ 1 fF, with lowloss and a power handling reaching 108 intra-cavity photons. Geometric superinductors are free of uncontrolled tunneling events and offer high reproducibility, linearity and the ability to couple magnetically - properties that significantly broaden the scope of future quantum circuits. ","lang":"eng"}],"arxiv":1,"doi":"10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.044055","day":"29","ddc":["530"],"acknowledgement":"The authors acknowledge the support from I. Prieto and the IST Nanofabrication Facility. This work was supported by IST Austria and a NOMIS foundation research grant and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F71). MP is the recipient of a P¨ottinger scholarship at IST Austria. JMF acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs under grant agreement No 732894 (FET Proactive HOT), 862644 (FET Open QUARTET), and the European Research Council under grant agreement\r\nnumber 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT). ","volume":14,"author":[{"id":"3F920B30-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Peruzzo","first_name":"Matilda","full_name":"Peruzzo, Matilda","orcid":"0000-0002-3415-4628"},{"id":"42F71B44-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Trioni, Andrea","last_name":"Trioni","first_name":"Andrea"},{"id":"2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-6937-5773","full_name":"Hassani, Farid","first_name":"Farid","last_name":"Hassani"},{"full_name":"Zemlicka, Martin","first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Zemlicka","id":"2DCF8DE6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","last_name":"Fink","first_name":"Johannes M"}],"issue":"4","_id":"8755","scopus_import":"1","title":"Surpassing the resistance quantum with a geometric superinductor","intvolume":"        14","publication_status":"published","article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2020-11-15T23:01:17Z","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"file_date_updated":"2021-03-29T11:43:20Z","ec_funded":1,"quality_controlled":"1","article_type":"original","publisher":"American Physical Society","date_published":"2020-10-29T00:00:00Z","type":"journal_article","oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["23317019"]},"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"13070","relation":"research_data","status":"public"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"9920","status":"public"}]},"status":"public","file":[{"relation":"main_file","success":1,"access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","file_id":"9300","file_size":2607823,"checksum":"2a634abe75251ae7628cd54c8a4ce2e8","date_created":"2021-03-29T11:43:20Z","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2020_PhysReviewApplied_Peruzzo.pdf","date_updated":"2021-03-29T11:43:20Z"}],"publication":"Physical Review Applied","has_accepted_license":"1","month":"10","article_number":"044055","oa_version":"Published Version","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"project":[{"grant_number":"F07105","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits","call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"grant_number":"732894","name":"Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies","_id":"257EB838-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies","grant_number":"862644"},{"grant_number":"758053","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"quality_controlled":"1","ec_funded":1,"publisher":"IEEE","author":[{"full_name":"Barzanjeh, Shabir","orcid":"0000-0003-0415-1423","last_name":"Barzanjeh","first_name":"Shabir","id":"2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Pirandola, Stefano","last_name":"Pirandola","first_name":"Stefano"},{"full_name":"Vitali, David","first_name":"David","last_name":"Vitali"},{"first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"issue":"9","_id":"9001","scopus_import":"1","title":"Microwave quantum illumination with a digital phase-conjugated receiver","intvolume":"      2020","publication_status":"published","date_created":"2021-01-10T23:01:17Z","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","volume":2020,"acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), the European Research Council under grant agreement number 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT) and the EU’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 862644 (FET Open QUARTET). S.B. acknowledges support from the Marie Skłodowska Curie\r\nfellowship number 707438 (MSC-IF SUPEREOM), DV acknowledge support from EU’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 732894 (FET Proactive HOT) and the Project QuaSeRT funded by the QuantERA ERANET Cofund in Quantum Technologies, and J.M.F from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F71), a NOMIS foundation research grant, and the EU’s Horizon 2020 research and\r\ninnovation programme under grant agreement number 732894 (FET Proactive\r\nHOT).","isi":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["1908.03058"],"isi":["000612224900089"]},"date_updated":"2024-09-10T12:23:52Z","citation":{"ama":"Barzanjeh S, Pirandola S, Vitali D, Fink JM. Microwave quantum illumination with a digital phase-conjugated receiver. In: <i>IEEE National Radar Conference - Proceedings</i>. Vol 2020. IEEE; 2020. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/RadarConf2043947.2020.9266397\">10.1109/RadarConf2043947.2020.9266397</a>","apa":"Barzanjeh, S., Pirandola, S., Vitali, D., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2020). Microwave quantum illumination with a digital phase-conjugated receiver. In <i>IEEE National Radar Conference - Proceedings</i> (Vol. 2020). Florence, Italy: IEEE. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/RadarConf2043947.2020.9266397\">https://doi.org/10.1109/RadarConf2043947.2020.9266397</a>","ieee":"S. Barzanjeh, S. Pirandola, D. Vitali, and J. M. Fink, “Microwave quantum illumination with a digital phase-conjugated receiver,” in <i>IEEE National Radar Conference - Proceedings</i>, Florence, Italy, 2020, vol. 2020, no. 9.","chicago":"Barzanjeh, Shabir, Stefano Pirandola, David Vitali, and Johannes M Fink. “Microwave Quantum Illumination with a Digital Phase-Conjugated Receiver.” In <i>IEEE National Radar Conference - Proceedings</i>, Vol. 2020. IEEE, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/RadarConf2043947.2020.9266397\">https://doi.org/10.1109/RadarConf2043947.2020.9266397</a>.","mla":"Barzanjeh, Shabir, et al. “Microwave Quantum Illumination with a Digital Phase-Conjugated Receiver.” <i>IEEE National Radar Conference - Proceedings</i>, vol. 2020, no. 9, 9266397, IEEE, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1109/RadarConf2043947.2020.9266397\">10.1109/RadarConf2043947.2020.9266397</a>.","short":"S. Barzanjeh, S. Pirandola, D. Vitali, J.M. Fink, in:, IEEE National Radar Conference - Proceedings, IEEE, 2020.","ista":"Barzanjeh S, Pirandola S, Vitali D, Fink JM. 2020. Microwave quantum illumination with a digital phase-conjugated receiver. IEEE National Radar Conference - Proceedings. RadarConf: National Conference on Radar vol. 2020, 9266397."},"year":"2020","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Quantum illumination is a sensing technique that employs entangled signal-idler beams to improve the detection efficiency of low-reflectivity objects in environments with large thermal noise. The advantage over classical strategies is evident at low signal brightness, a feature which could make the protocol an ideal prototype for non-invasive scanning or low-power short-range radar. Here we experimentally investigate the concept of quantum illumination at microwave frequencies, by generating entangled fields using a Josephson parametric converter which are then amplified to illuminate a room-temperature object at a distance of 1 meter. Starting from experimental data, we simulate the case of perfect idler photon number detection, which results in a quantum advantage compared to the relative classical benchmark. Our results highlight the opportunities and challenges on the way towards a first room-temperature application of microwave quantum circuits."}],"arxiv":1,"doi":"10.1109/RadarConf2043947.2020.9266397","day":"21","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"conference":{"name":"RadarConf: National Conference on Radar","start_date":"2020-09-21","location":"Florence, Italy","end_date":"2020-09-25"},"publication":"IEEE National Radar Conference - Proceedings","month":"09","article_number":"9266397","oa_version":"Preprint","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"758053","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","grant_number":"862644","name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"258047B6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"707438","name":"Microwave-to-Optical Quantum Link: Quantum Teleportation and Quantum Illumination with cavity Optomechanics SUPEREOM"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"257EB838-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies","grant_number":"732894"}],"status":"public","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"7910","relation":"earlier_version"}]},"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.03058","open_access":"1"}],"date_published":"2020-09-21T00:00:00Z","type":"conference","oa":1,"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781728189420"],"issn":["1097-5659"]}}]