---
APC_amount: '12345'
_id: '14793'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing interest
    in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement semiconductor
    technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of new ideas such
    as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this work, we engineer
    the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium hole gas by varying
    the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We demonstrate a hard
    superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux tunable superconducting
    diode using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). This allows
    to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a regime where single Cooper pair
    tunneling is suppressed, creating a sin(2y) CPR. Shapiro experiments complement
    this interpretation and the microwave drive allows to create a diode with ≈ 100%
    efficiency. The reported results open up the path towards integration of spin
    qubit devices, microwave resonators and (protected) superconducting qubits on  the
    same silicon technology compatible platform.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: "We acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa, Francesco
  Giazotto, Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano Scappucci, Christian Schonenberger,
  and Lukas Splitthoff for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the
  support in the TEM analysis. This research and related results were made possible
  with the support of the NOMIS\r\nFoundation. It was supported by the Scientific
  Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the
  nanofabrication facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research andinnovation
  programme under Grant Agreement No 862046, the HORIZONRIA\r\n101069515 project,
  the European Innovation Council Pathfinder grant no. 101115315 (QuKiT), and the
  FWF Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. For the purpose of open access, the
  authors have applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript
  version arising from this submission. R.S.S. acknowledges Spanish CM “Talento Program\"\r\nProject
  No. 2022-T1/IND-24070. J.J. acknowledges European Research Council TOCINA 834290."
article_number: '169'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Valentini, Marco
  id: C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
  last_name: Valentini
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Sagi, Oliver
  id: 71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425
  last_name: Sagi
- first_name: Levon
  full_name: Baghumyan, Levon
  id: 7aa1f788-b527-11ee-aa9e-e6111a79e0c7
  last_name: Baghumyan
- first_name: Thijs
  full_name: de Gijsel, Thijs
  id: a0ece13c-b527-11ee-929d-bad130106eee
  last_name: de Gijsel
- first_name: Jason
  full_name: Jung, Jason
  id: 4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jung
- first_name: Stefano
  full_name: Calcaterra, Stefano
  last_name: Calcaterra
- first_name: Andrea
  full_name: Ballabio, Andrea
  last_name: Ballabio
- first_name: Juan L
  full_name: Aguilera Servin, Juan L
  id: 2A67C376-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Aguilera Servin
  orcid: 0000-0002-2862-8372
- first_name: Kushagra
  full_name: Aggarwal, Kushagra
  id: b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb
  last_name: Aggarwal
  orcid: 0000-0001-9985-9293
- first_name: Marian
  full_name: Janik, Marian
  id: 396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Janik
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Adletzberger, Thomas
  id: 38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Adletzberger
- first_name: Rubén
  full_name: Seoane Souto, Rubén
  last_name: Seoane Souto
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Leijnse, Martin
  last_name: Leijnse
- first_name: Jeroen
  full_name: Danon, Jeroen
  last_name: Danon
- first_name: Constantin
  full_name: Schrade, Constantin
  last_name: Schrade
- first_name: Erik
  full_name: Bakkers, Erik
  last_name: Bakkers
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
  last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Isella, Giovanni
  last_name: Isella
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport
    and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. <i>Nature Communications</i>.
    2024;15. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0">10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>
  apa: Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., de Gijsel, T., Jung, J., Calcaterra,
    S., … Katsaros, G. (2024). Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting
    diode in planar germanium. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>
  chicago: Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason
    Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Parity-Conserving Cooper-Pair
    Transport and Ideal Superconducting Diode in Planar Germanium.” <i>Nature Communications</i>.
    Springer Nature, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>.
  ieee: M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal
    superconducting diode in planar germanium,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol.
    15. Springer Nature, 2024.
  ista: Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, de Gijsel T, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio
    A, Aguilera Servin JL, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Seoane Souto R, Leijnse
    M, Danon J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. 2024. Parity-conserving
    Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. Nature
    Communications. 15, 169.
  mla: Valentini, Marco, et al. “Parity-Conserving Cooper-Pair Transport and Ideal
    Superconducting Diode in Planar Germanium.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol.
    15, 169, Springer Nature, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0">10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>.
  short: M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra,
    A. Ballabio, J.L. Aguilera Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R.
    Seoane Souto, M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella,
    G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 15 (2024).
dataavailabilitystatement: All experimental data included in this work are available
  at https://zenodo.org/records/10119346.
date_created: 2024-01-14T23:00:56Z
date_published: 2024-01-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2026-02-26T11:39:00Z
day: '02'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  oaworkID:
  - w4390499170
  pmid:
  - '38167818'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: ef79173b45eeaf984ffa61ef2f8a52ab
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2024-01-17T11:03:00Z
  date_updated: 2024-01-17T11:03:00Z
  file_id: '14825'
  file_name: 2024_NatureComm_Valentini.pdf
  file_size: 2336595
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2024-01-17T11:03:00Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        15'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
oaworkID: 1
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '862046'
  name: TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS
- _id: 34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452
  grant_number: '101069515'
  name: Integrated GermaNIum quanTum tEchnology
- _id: bdc2ca30-d553-11ed-ba76-cf164a5bb811
  grant_number: '101115315'
  name: Quantum bits with Kitaev Transmons
- _id: 237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: P32235
  name: Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices
- _id: bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a
  grant_number: P36507
  name: Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge
- _id: 34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e
  grant_number: F8606
  name: Conventional and unconventional topological superconductors
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
researchdata_availability: yes
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
supplementarymaterial: yes
title: Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in
  planar germanium
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 15
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '13312'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing\r\ninterest
    in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement\r\nsemiconductor
    technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of\r\nnew ideas such
    as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this\r\nwork, we engineer
    the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium\r\nhole gas by varying
    the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We\r\ndemonstrate a hard
    superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux\r\ntunable superconducting
    diode using a superconducting quantum interference\r\ndevice (SQUID). This allows
    to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a\r\nregime where single Cooper pair
    tunneling is suppressed, creating a $ \\sin\r\n\\left( 2 \\varphi \\right)$ CPR.
    Shapiro experiments complement this\r\ninterpretation and the microwave drive
    allows to create a diode with $ \\approx\r\n100 \\%$ efficiency. The reported
    results open up the path towards monolithic\r\nintegration of spin qubit devices,
    microwave resonators and (protected)\r\nsuperconducting qubits on a silicon technology
    compatible platform."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: "The authors acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa,
  Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano\r\nScappucci and Christian Schonenberger
  for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the support in the\r\nTEM
  analysis. This research and related results were made\r\npossible with the support
  of the NOMIS Foundation. It was\r\nsupported by the Scientific Service Units of
  ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the\r\nnanofabrication
  facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020\r\nresearch and innovation programme
  under Grant Agreement\r\nNo 862046, the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project and the\r\nFWF
  Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. R.S.S.\r\nacknowledges Spanish CM “Talento
  Program” Project No.\r\n2022-T1/IND-24070."
article_number: '2306.07109'
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Marco
  full_name: Valentini, Marco
  id: C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
  last_name: Valentini
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Sagi, Oliver
  id: 71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425
  last_name: Sagi
- first_name: Levon
  full_name: Baghumyan, Levon
  last_name: Baghumyan
- first_name: Thijs de
  full_name: Gijsel, Thijs de
  last_name: Gijsel
- first_name: Jason
  full_name: Jung, Jason
  id: 4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jung
- first_name: Stefano
  full_name: Calcaterra, Stefano
  last_name: Calcaterra
- first_name: Andrea
  full_name: Ballabio, Andrea
  last_name: Ballabio
- first_name: Juan Aguilera
  full_name: Servin, Juan Aguilera
  last_name: Servin
- first_name: Kushagra
  full_name: Aggarwal, Kushagra
  id: b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb
  last_name: Aggarwal
  orcid: 0000-0001-9985-9293
- first_name: Marian
  full_name: Janik, Marian
  id: 396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Janik
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Adletzberger, Thomas
  id: 38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Adletzberger
- first_name: Rubén Seoane
  full_name: Souto, Rubén Seoane
  last_name: Souto
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Leijnse, Martin
  last_name: Leijnse
- first_name: Jeroen
  full_name: Danon, Jeroen
  last_name: Danon
- first_name: Constantin
  full_name: Schrade, Constantin
  last_name: Schrade
- first_name: Erik
  full_name: Bakkers, Erik
  last_name: Bakkers
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
  last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Isella, Giovanni
  last_name: Isella
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Radio frequency driven superconducting
    diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium
    hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>
  apa: Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., Gijsel, T. de, Jung, J., Calcaterra,
    S., … Katsaros, G. (n.d.). Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity
    conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>
  chicago: Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason
    Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting
    Diode and Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium
    Hole Gas.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>.
  ieee: M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Radio frequency driven superconducting diode
    and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole
    gas,” <i>arXiv</i>. .
  ista: Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, Gijsel T de, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio
    A, Servin JA, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Souto RS, Leijnse M, Danon
    J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. Radio frequency driven
    superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional
    germanium hole gas. arXiv, 2306.07109.
  mla: Valentini, Marco, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting Diode and
    Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium Hole Gas.”
    <i>ArXiv</i>, 2306.07109, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>.
  short: M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra,
    A. Ballabio, J.A. Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R.S. Souto,
    M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros,
    ArXiv (n.d.).
date_created: 2023-07-26T11:17:20Z
date_published: 2023-06-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-07T07:52:32Z
day: '13'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
- _id: M-Shop
doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2306.07109'
keyword:
- Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
project:
- _id: 237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '862046'
  name: TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS
- _id: 237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: P32235
  name: Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices
- _id: bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a
  grant_number: P36507
  name: Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge
- _id: 34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e
  grant_number: F8606
  name: Conventional and unconventional topological superconductors
- _id: bd5b4ec5-d553-11ed-ba76-a6eedb083344
  name: Protected states of quantum matter
publication: arXiv
publication_status: submitted
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '13286'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
status: public
title: Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper
  pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: preprint
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '8203'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Using inelastic cotunneling spectroscopy we observe a zero field splitting
    within the spin triplet manifold of Ge hut wire quantum dots. The states with
    spin ±1 in the confinement direction are energetically favored by up to 55 μeV
    compared to the spin 0 triplet state because of the strong spin–orbit coupling.
    The reported effect should be observable in a broad class of strongly confined
    hole quantum-dot systems and might need to be considered when operating hole spin
    qubits.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: NanoFab
- _id: M-Shop
acknowledgement: "We acknowledge G. Burkard, V. N. Golovach, C. Kloeffel, D.Loss,
  P. Rabl, and M. Rancič ́ for helpful discussions. We\r\nfurther acknowledge T.
  Adletzberger, J. Aguilera, T. Asenov, S. Bagiante, T. Menner, L. Shafeek, P. Taus,
  P. Traunmüller, and D. Waldhausl for their invaluable assistance. This research
  was supported by the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided
  by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility, by the FWF-P 32235 project,
  by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFA0301701, 2016YFA0300600), and by
  the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement
  no. 862046. All data of this publication are available at 10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689."
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
- first_name: Josip
  full_name: Kukucka, Josip
  id: 3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kukucka
- first_name: Lada
  full_name: Vukušić, Lada
  id: 31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vukušić
  orcid: 0000-0003-2424-8636
- first_name: Hannes
  full_name: Watzinger, Hannes
  id: 35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Watzinger
- first_name: Fei
  full_name: Gao, Fei
  last_name: Gao
- first_name: Ting
  full_name: Wang, Ting
  last_name: Wang
  orcid: 0000-0002-4619-9575
- first_name: Jian-Jun
  full_name: Zhang, Jian-Jun
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Karsten
  full_name: Held, Karsten
  last_name: Held
citation:
  ama: Katsaros G, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, et al. Zero field splitting of heavy-hole
    states in quantum dots. <i>Nano Letters</i>. 2020;20(7):5201-5206. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466">10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466</a>
  apa: Katsaros, G., Kukucka, J., Vukušić, L., Watzinger, H., Gao, F., Wang, T., …
    Held, K. (2020). Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots. <i>Nano
    Letters</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466</a>
  chicago: Katsaros, Georgios, Josip Kukucka, Lada Vukušić, Hannes Watzinger, Fei
    Gao, Ting Wang, Jian-Jun Zhang, and Karsten Held. “Zero Field Splitting of Heavy-Hole
    States in Quantum Dots.” <i>Nano Letters</i>. American Chemical Society, 2020.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466</a>.
  ieee: G. Katsaros <i>et al.</i>, “Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum
    dots,” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 20, no. 7. American Chemical Society, pp. 5201–5206,
    2020.
  ista: Katsaros G, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, Watzinger H, Gao F, Wang T, Zhang J-J, Held
    K. 2020. Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots. Nano Letters.
    20(7), 5201–5206.
  mla: Katsaros, Georgios, et al. “Zero Field Splitting of Heavy-Hole States in Quantum
    Dots.” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 20, no. 7, American Chemical Society, 2020, pp.
    5201–06, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466">10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466</a>.
  short: G. Katsaros, J. Kukucka, L. Vukušić, H. Watzinger, F. Gao, T. Wang, J.-J.
    Zhang, K. Held, Nano Letters 20 (2020) 5201–5206.
date_created: 2020-08-06T09:25:04Z
date_published: 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-21T12:44:01Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000548893200066'
  pmid:
  - '32479090'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2020-08-06T09:35:37Z
  date_updated: 2020-08-06T09:35:37Z
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file_date_updated: 2020-08-06T09:35:37Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        20'
isi: 1
issue: '7'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 5201-5206
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: P32235
  name: Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices
- _id: 237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '862046'
  name: TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS
publication: Nano Letters
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1530-6992
  issn:
  - 1530-6984
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '7689'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 20
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7541'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Semiconductor nanowires have been playing a crucial role in the development
    of nanoscale devices for the realization of spin qubits, Majorana fermions, single
    photon emitters, nanoprocessors, etc. The monolithic growth of site‐controlled
    nanowires is a prerequisite toward the next generation of devices that will require
    addressability and scalability. Here, combining top‐down nanofabrication and bottom‐up
    self‐assembly, the growth of Ge wires on prepatterned Si (001) substrates with
    controllable position, distance, length, and structure is reported. This is achieved
    by a novel growth process that uses a SiGe strain‐relaxation template and can
    be potentially generalized to other material combinations. Transport measurements
    show an electrically tunable spin–orbit coupling, with a spin–orbit length similar
    to that of III–V materials. Also, charge sensing between quantum dots in closely
    spaced wires is observed, which underlines their potential for the realization
    of advanced quantum devices. The reported results open a path toward scalable
    qubit devices using nanowires on silicon.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: NanoFab
- _id: M-Shop
acknowledgement: 'This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China
  (Grant Nos. 2016YFA0301701 and 2016YFA0300600), the NSFC (Grant Nos. 11574356, 11434010,
  and 11404252), the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (Grant No. XDB30000000),
  the ERC Starting Grant No. 335497, the FWF P32235 project, and the European Union''s
  Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement #862046. This
  research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources
  provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility. F.L. thanks
  support from DOE (Grant No. DE‐FG02‐04ER46148). H.H. thanks the Startup Funding
  from Xi''an Jiaotong University.'
article_number: '1906523'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Fei
  full_name: Gao, Fei
  last_name: Gao
- first_name: Jian-Huan
  full_name: Wang, Jian-Huan
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Hannes
  full_name: Watzinger, Hannes
  id: 35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Watzinger
- first_name: Hao
  full_name: Hu, Hao
  last_name: Hu
- first_name: Marko J.
  full_name: Rančić, Marko J.
  last_name: Rančić
- first_name: Jie-Yin
  full_name: Zhang, Jie-Yin
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Ting
  full_name: Wang, Ting
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Yuan
  full_name: Yao, Yuan
  last_name: Yao
- first_name: Gui-Lei
  full_name: Wang, Gui-Lei
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Josip
  full_name: Kukucka, Josip
  id: 3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kukucka
- first_name: Lada
  full_name: Vukušić, Lada
  id: 31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vukušić
  orcid: 0000-0003-2424-8636
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Kloeffel, Christoph
  last_name: Kloeffel
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Loss, Daniel
  last_name: Loss
- first_name: Feng
  full_name: Liu, Feng
  last_name: Liu
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
- first_name: Jian-Jun
  full_name: Zhang, Jian-Jun
  last_name: Zhang
citation:
  ama: Gao F, Wang J-H, Watzinger H, et al. Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires
    with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling. <i>Advanced Materials</i>. 2020;32(16).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523">10.1002/adma.201906523</a>
  apa: Gao, F., Wang, J.-H., Watzinger, H., Hu, H., Rančić, M. J., Zhang, J.-Y., …
    Zhang, J.-J. (2020). Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically
    tunable spin-orbit coupling. <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523</a>
  chicago: Gao, Fei, Jian-Huan Wang, Hannes Watzinger, Hao Hu, Marko J. Rančić, Jie-Yin
    Zhang, Ting Wang, et al. “Site-Controlled Uniform Ge/Si Hut Wires with Electrically
    Tunable Spin-Orbit Coupling.” <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523</a>.
  ieee: F. Gao <i>et al.</i>, “Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically
    tunable spin-orbit coupling,” <i>Advanced Materials</i>, vol. 32, no. 16. Wiley,
    2020.
  ista: Gao F, Wang J-H, Watzinger H, Hu H, Rančić MJ, Zhang J-Y, Wang T, Yao Y, Wang
    G-L, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, Kloeffel C, Loss D, Liu F, Katsaros G, Zhang J-J. 2020.
    Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling.
    Advanced Materials. 32(16), 1906523.
  mla: Gao, Fei, et al. “Site-Controlled Uniform Ge/Si Hut Wires with Electrically
    Tunable Spin-Orbit Coupling.” <i>Advanced Materials</i>, vol. 32, no. 16, 1906523,
    Wiley, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523">10.1002/adma.201906523</a>.
  short: F. Gao, J.-H. Wang, H. Watzinger, H. Hu, M.J. Rančić, J.-Y. Zhang, T. Wang,
    Y. Yao, G.-L. Wang, J. Kukucka, L. Vukušić, C. Kloeffel, D. Loss, F. Liu, G. Katsaros,
    J.-J. Zhang, Advanced Materials 32 (2020).
date_created: 2020-02-28T09:47:00Z
date_published: 2020-04-23T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-21T12:42:12Z
day: '23'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1002/adma.201906523
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000516660900001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: c622737dc295972065782558337124a2
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2020-11-20T10:11:35Z
  date_updated: 2020-11-20T10:11:35Z
  file_id: '8782'
  file_name: 2020_AdvancedMaterials_Gao.pdf
  file_size: 5242880
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2020-11-20T10:11:35Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        32'
isi: 1
issue: '16'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '335497'
  name: Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires
- _id: 237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: P32235
  name: Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices
- _id: 237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '862046'
  name: TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS
publication: Advanced Materials
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0935-9648
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '7996'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
  - id: '9222'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit
  coupling
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 32
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7689'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "These are the supplementary research data to the publication \"Zero field
    splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots\". All matrix files have the same
    format. Within each column the bias voltage is changed. Each column corresponds
    to either a different gate voltage or magnetic field. The voltage values are given
    in mV, the current values in pA. Find a specific description in the included Readme
    file.\r\n"
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Katsaros G. Supplementary data for “Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states
    in quantum dots.” 2020. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689">10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689</a>
  apa: Katsaros, G. (2020). Supplementary data for “Zero field splitting of heavy-hole
    states in quantum dots.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689</a>
  chicago: Katsaros, Georgios. “Supplementary Data for ‘Zero Field Splitting of Heavy-Hole
    States in Quantum Dots.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689</a>.
  ieee: G. Katsaros, “Supplementary data for ‘Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states
    in quantum dots.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
  ista: Katsaros G. 2020. Supplementary data for ‘Zero field splitting of heavy-hole
    states in quantum dots’, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689">10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689</a>.
  mla: Katsaros, Georgios. <i>Supplementary Data for “Zero Field Splitting of Heavy-Hole
    States in Quantum Dots.”</i> Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689">10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689</a>.
  short: G. Katsaros, (2020).
contributor:
- contributor_type: contact_person
  first_name: Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
date_created: 2020-05-01T15:14:46Z
date_published: 2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-21T12:44:02Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689
ec_funded: 1
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  content_type: application/x-zip-compressed
  creator: gkatsaro
  date_created: 2020-05-01T15:13:28Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:02Z
  file_id: '7786'
  file_name: DOI_ZeroFieldSplitting.zip
  file_size: 5514403
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:02Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
license: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '862046'
  name: TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS
- _id: 237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: P32235
  name: Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
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    relation: used_in_publication
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status: public
title: Supplementary data for "Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum
  dots"
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_0.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0)
  short: CC0 (1.0)
type: research_data
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2020'
...
