[{"publication_status":"published","citation":{"ista":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, de Gijsel T, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio A, Aguilera Servin JL, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Seoane Souto R, Leijnse M, Danon J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. 2024. Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. Nature Communications. 15, 169.","short":"M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra, A. Ballabio, J.L. Aguilera Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R. Seoane Souto, M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 15 (2024).","ama":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2024;15. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>","mla":"Valentini, Marco, et al. “Parity-Conserving Cooper-Pair Transport and Ideal Superconducting Diode in Planar Germanium.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15, 169, Springer Nature, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>.","chicago":"Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Parity-Conserving Cooper-Pair Transport and Ideal Superconducting Diode in Planar Germanium.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>.","apa":"Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., de Gijsel, T., Jung, J., Calcaterra, S., … Katsaros, G. (2024). Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>","ieee":"M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15. Springer Nature, 2024."},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing interest in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement semiconductor technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of new ideas such as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this work, we engineer the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium hole gas by varying the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We demonstrate a hard superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux tunable superconducting diode using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). This allows to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a regime where single Cooper pair tunneling is suppressed, creating a sin(2y) CPR. Shapiro experiments complement this interpretation and the microwave drive allows to create a diode with ≈ 100% efficiency. The reported results open up the path towards integration of spin qubit devices, microwave resonators and (protected) superconducting qubits on  the same silicon technology compatible platform."}],"author":[{"id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","last_name":"Valentini","full_name":"Valentini, Marco","first_name":"Marco"},{"full_name":"Sagi, Oliver","last_name":"Sagi","first_name":"Oliver","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425"},{"full_name":"Baghumyan, Levon","last_name":"Baghumyan","first_name":"Levon","id":"7aa1f788-b527-11ee-aa9e-e6111a79e0c7"},{"id":"a0ece13c-b527-11ee-929d-bad130106eee","first_name":"Thijs","full_name":"de Gijsel, Thijs","last_name":"de Gijsel"},{"id":"4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Jason","full_name":"Jung, Jason","last_name":"Jung"},{"first_name":"Stefano","full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra"},{"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Ballabio","full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea"},{"first_name":"Juan L","orcid":"0000-0002-2862-8372","full_name":"Aguilera Servin, Juan L","last_name":"Aguilera Servin","id":"2A67C376-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Aggarwal, Kushagra","last_name":"Aggarwal","orcid":"0000-0001-9985-9293","first_name":"Kushagra","id":"b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb"},{"full_name":"Janik, Marian","last_name":"Janik","first_name":"Marian","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Adletzberger","full_name":"Adletzberger, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas","id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Seoane Souto, Rubén","last_name":"Seoane Souto","first_name":"Rubén"},{"full_name":"Leijnse, Martin","last_name":"Leijnse","first_name":"Martin"},{"first_name":"Jeroen","last_name":"Danon","full_name":"Danon, Jeroen"},{"last_name":"Schrade","full_name":"Schrade, Constantin","first_name":"Constantin"},{"full_name":"Bakkers, Erik","last_name":"Bakkers","first_name":"Erik"},{"last_name":"Chrastina","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel"},{"last_name":"Isella","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni","first_name":"Giovanni"},{"full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"volume":15,"date_updated":"2026-02-26T11:39:00Z","oa":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes","pmid":1,"_id":"14793","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"acknowledgement":"We acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa, Francesco Giazotto, Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano Scappucci, Christian Schonenberger, and Lukas Splitthoff for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the support in the TEM analysis. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS\r\nFoundation. It was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research andinnovation programme under Grant Agreement No 862046, the HORIZONRIA\r\n101069515 project, the European Innovation Council Pathfinder grant no. 101115315 (QuKiT), and the FWF Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. R.S.S. acknowledges Spanish CM “Talento Program\"\r\nProject No. 2022-T1/IND-24070. J.J. acknowledges European Research Council TOCINA 834290.","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","project":[{"grant_number":"862046","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"grant_number":"101069515","name":"Integrated GermaNIum quanTum tEchnology","_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452"},{"name":"Quantum bits with Kitaev Transmons","_id":"bdc2ca30-d553-11ed-ba76-cf164a5bb811","grant_number":"101115315"},{"name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"P32235"},{"grant_number":"P36507","name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge","_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a"},{"grant_number":"F8606","name":"Conventional and unconventional topological superconductors","_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e"}],"quality_controlled":"1","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"year":"2024","doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0","ec_funded":1,"external_id":{"oaworkID":["w4390499170"],"pmid":["38167818"]},"title":"Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium","researchdata_availability":"yes","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"article_number":"169","APC_amount":"12345","supplementarymaterial":"yes","ddc":["530"],"day":"02","dataavailabilitystatement":"All experimental data included in this work are available at https://zenodo.org/records/10119346.","type":"journal_article","intvolume":"        15","status":"public","publication":"Nature Communications","file_date_updated":"2024-01-17T11:03:00Z","month":"01","date_published":"2024-01-02T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","oaworkID":1,"publisher":"Springer Nature","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"file":[{"date_updated":"2024-01-17T11:03:00Z","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2024-01-17T11:03:00Z","checksum":"ef79173b45eeaf984ffa61ef2f8a52ab","file_name":"2024_NatureComm_Valentini.pdf","file_size":2336595,"file_id":"14825","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","success":1}],"date_created":"2024-01-14T23:00:56Z"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"2023-06-13T00:00:00Z","month":"06","date_created":"2023-07-26T11:17:20Z","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"status":"public","type":"preprint","day":"13","publication":"arXiv","title":"Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas","external_id":{"arxiv":["2306.07109"]},"ec_funded":1,"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"year":"2023","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109","ddc":["530"],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"13286"}]},"article_number":"2306.07109","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109","open_access":"1"}],"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"keyword":["Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics"],"author":[{"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Valentini","full_name":"Valentini, Marco","id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425"},{"full_name":"Sagi, Oliver","last_name":"Sagi","first_name":"Oliver","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425"},{"first_name":"Levon","last_name":"Baghumyan","full_name":"Baghumyan, Levon"},{"full_name":"Gijsel, Thijs de","last_name":"Gijsel","first_name":"Thijs de"},{"id":"4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Jung, Jason","last_name":"Jung","first_name":"Jason"},{"first_name":"Stefano","full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra"},{"last_name":"Ballabio","full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea","first_name":"Andrea"},{"full_name":"Servin, Juan Aguilera","last_name":"Servin","first_name":"Juan Aguilera"},{"first_name":"Kushagra","last_name":"Aggarwal","full_name":"Aggarwal, Kushagra","orcid":"0000-0001-9985-9293","id":"b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb"},{"first_name":"Marian","last_name":"Janik","full_name":"Janik, Marian","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Adletzberger, Thomas","last_name":"Adletzberger","first_name":"Thomas"},{"first_name":"Rubén Seoane","full_name":"Souto, Rubén Seoane","last_name":"Souto"},{"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Leijnse","full_name":"Leijnse, Martin"},{"first_name":"Jeroen","last_name":"Danon","full_name":"Danon, Jeroen"},{"first_name":"Constantin","full_name":"Schrade, Constantin","last_name":"Schrade"},{"first_name":"Erik","full_name":"Bakkers, Erik","last_name":"Bakkers"},{"first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel","last_name":"Chrastina"},{"first_name":"Giovanni","last_name":"Isella","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","first_name":"Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing\r\ninterest in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement\r\nsemiconductor technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of\r\nnew ideas such as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this\r\nwork, we engineer the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium\r\nhole gas by varying the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We\r\ndemonstrate a hard superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux\r\ntunable superconducting diode using a superconducting quantum interference\r\ndevice (SQUID). This allows to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a\r\nregime where single Cooper pair tunneling is suppressed, creating a $ \\sin\r\n\\left( 2 \\varphi \\right)$ CPR. Shapiro experiments complement this\r\ninterpretation and the microwave drive allows to create a diode with $ \\approx\r\n100 \\%$ efficiency. The reported results open up the path towards monolithic\r\nintegration of spin qubit devices, microwave resonators and (protected)\r\nsuperconducting qubits on a silicon technology compatible platform."}],"publication_status":"submitted","citation":{"chicago":"Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting Diode and Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium Hole Gas.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>.","ieee":"M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","apa":"Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., Gijsel, T. de, Jung, J., Calcaterra, S., … Katsaros, G. (n.d.). Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>","short":"M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra, A. Ballabio, J.A. Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R.S. Souto, M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, ArXiv (n.d.).","ista":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, Gijsel T de, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio A, Servin JA, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Souto RS, Leijnse M, Danon J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. arXiv, 2306.07109.","mla":"Valentini, Marco, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting Diode and Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium Hole Gas.” <i>ArXiv</i>, 2306.07109, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>.","ama":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>"},"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","acknowledgement":"The authors acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa, Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano\r\nScappucci and Christian Schonenberger for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the support in the\r\nTEM analysis. This research and related results were made\r\npossible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation. It was\r\nsupported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the\r\nnanofabrication facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020\r\nresearch and innovation programme under Grant Agreement\r\nNo 862046, the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project and the\r\nFWF Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. R.S.S.\r\nacknowledges Spanish CM “Talento Program” Project No.\r\n2022-T1/IND-24070.","oa_version":"Preprint","project":[{"name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"862046"},{"_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"P32235"},{"grant_number":"P36507","_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a","name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge"},{"grant_number":"F8606","_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e","name":"Conventional and unconventional topological superconductors"},{"_id":"bd5b4ec5-d553-11ed-ba76-a6eedb083344","name":"Protected states of quantum matter"}],"_id":"13312","date_updated":"2024-02-07T07:52:32Z","oa":1,"article_processing_charge":"No","arxiv":1},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Using inelastic cotunneling spectroscopy we observe a zero field splitting within the spin triplet manifold of Ge hut wire quantum dots. The states with spin ±1 in the confinement direction are energetically favored by up to 55 μeV compared to the spin 0 triplet state because of the strong spin–orbit coupling. The reported effect should be observable in a broad class of strongly confined hole quantum-dot systems and might need to be considered when operating hole spin qubits."}],"author":[{"id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","last_name":"Katsaros","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios"},{"id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Josip","last_name":"Kukucka","full_name":"Kukucka, Josip"},{"first_name":"Lada","orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636","full_name":"Vukušić, Lada","last_name":"Vukušić","id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"last_name":"Watzinger","full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes","first_name":"Hannes","id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Fei","last_name":"Gao","full_name":"Gao, Fei"},{"first_name":"Ting","orcid":"0000-0002-4619-9575","full_name":"Wang, Ting","last_name":"Wang"},{"full_name":"Zhang, Jian-Jun","last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Jian-Jun"},{"full_name":"Held, Karsten","last_name":"Held","first_name":"Karsten"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"chicago":"Katsaros, Georgios, Josip Kukucka, Lada Vukušić, Hannes Watzinger, Fei Gao, Ting Wang, Jian-Jun Zhang, and Karsten Held. “Zero Field Splitting of Heavy-Hole States in Quantum Dots.” <i>Nano Letters</i>. American Chemical Society, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466</a>.","apa":"Katsaros, G., Kukucka, J., Vukušić, L., Watzinger, H., Gao, F., Wang, T., … Held, K. (2020). Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots. <i>Nano Letters</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466</a>","ieee":"G. Katsaros <i>et al.</i>, “Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots,” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 20, no. 7. American Chemical Society, pp. 5201–5206, 2020.","short":"G. Katsaros, J. Kukucka, L. Vukušić, H. Watzinger, F. Gao, T. Wang, J.-J. Zhang, K. Held, Nano Letters 20 (2020) 5201–5206.","ista":"Katsaros G, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, Watzinger H, Gao F, Wang T, Zhang J-J, Held K. 2020. Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots. Nano Letters. 20(7), 5201–5206.","mla":"Katsaros, Georgios, et al. “Zero Field Splitting of Heavy-Hole States in Quantum Dots.” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 20, no. 7, American Chemical Society, 2020, pp. 5201–06, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466\">10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466</a>.","ama":"Katsaros G, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, et al. Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots. <i>Nano Letters</i>. 2020;20(7):5201-5206. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466\">10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466</a>"},"pmid":1,"_id":"8203","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1530-6992"],"issn":["1530-6984"]},"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge G. Burkard, V. N. Golovach, C. Kloeffel, D.Loss, P. Rabl, and M. Rancič ́ for helpful discussions. We\r\nfurther acknowledge T. Adletzberger, J. Aguilera, T. Asenov, S. Bagiante, T. Menner, L. Shafeek, P. Taus, P. Traunmüller, and D. Waldhausl for their invaluable assistance. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility, by the FWF-P 32235 project, by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFA0301701, 2016YFA0300600), and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 862046. All data of this publication are available at 10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689.","quality_controlled":"1","project":[{"call_identifier":"FWF","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","grant_number":"P32235"},{"name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"862046"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","volume":20,"oa":1,"date_updated":"2024-02-21T12:44:01Z","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","external_id":{"pmid":["32479090"],"isi":["000548893200066"]},"title":"Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466","year":"2020","ec_funded":1,"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"7689","relation":"research_data","status":"public"}]},"ddc":["530"],"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"isi":1,"intvolume":"        20","status":"public","day":"01","type":"journal_article","issue":"7","publication":"Nano Letters","page":"5201-5206","file_date_updated":"2020-08-06T09:35:37Z","publisher":"American Chemical Society","scopus_import":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"month":"06","date_published":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","file":[{"date_created":"2020-08-06T09:35:37Z","file_name":"2020_NanoLetters_Katsaros.pdf","file_size":3308906,"date_updated":"2020-08-06T09:35:37Z","access_level":"open_access","success":1,"file_id":"8204","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file"}],"date_created":"2020-08-06T09:25:04Z","has_accepted_license":"1","department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}]},{"status":"public","intvolume":"        32","type":"journal_article","day":"23","file_date_updated":"2020-11-20T10:11:35Z","issue":"16","publication":"Advanced Materials","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publisher":"Wiley","scopus_import":"1","date_published":"2020-04-23T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","month":"04","date_created":"2020-02-28T09:47:00Z","file":[{"file_id":"8782","creator":"dernst","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","success":1,"date_updated":"2020-11-20T10:11:35Z","access_level":"open_access","date_created":"2020-11-20T10:11:35Z","checksum":"c622737dc295972065782558337124a2","file_name":"2020_AdvancedMaterials_Gao.pdf","file_size":5242880}],"department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Gao, Fei","last_name":"Gao","first_name":"Fei"},{"last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Jian-Huan","first_name":"Jian-Huan"},{"first_name":"Hannes","last_name":"Watzinger","full_name":"Watzinger, Hannes","id":"35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Hao","full_name":"Hu, Hao","last_name":"Hu"},{"last_name":"Rančić","full_name":"Rančić, Marko J.","first_name":"Marko J."},{"full_name":"Zhang, Jie-Yin","last_name":"Zhang","first_name":"Jie-Yin"},{"first_name":"Ting","full_name":"Wang, Ting","last_name":"Wang"},{"last_name":"Yao","full_name":"Yao, Yuan","first_name":"Yuan"},{"last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Gui-Lei","first_name":"Gui-Lei"},{"first_name":"Josip","last_name":"Kukucka","full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Lada","last_name":"Vukušić","full_name":"Vukušić, Lada","orcid":"0000-0003-2424-8636","id":"31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Kloeffel, Christoph","last_name":"Kloeffel","first_name":"Christoph"},{"last_name":"Loss","full_name":"Loss, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel"},{"last_name":"Liu","full_name":"Liu, Feng","first_name":"Feng"},{"first_name":"Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","last_name":"Katsaros","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Jian-Jun","last_name":"Zhang","full_name":"Zhang, Jian-Jun"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Semiconductor nanowires have been playing a crucial role in the development of nanoscale devices for the realization of spin qubits, Majorana fermions, single photon emitters, nanoprocessors, etc. The monolithic growth of site‐controlled nanowires is a prerequisite toward the next generation of devices that will require addressability and scalability. Here, combining top‐down nanofabrication and bottom‐up self‐assembly, the growth of Ge wires on prepatterned Si (001) substrates with controllable position, distance, length, and structure is reported. This is achieved by a novel growth process that uses a SiGe strain‐relaxation template and can be potentially generalized to other material combinations. Transport measurements show an electrically tunable spin–orbit coupling, with a spin–orbit length similar to that of III–V materials. Also, charge sensing between quantum dots in closely spaced wires is observed, which underlines their potential for the realization of advanced quantum devices. The reported results open a path toward scalable qubit devices using nanowires on silicon.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","citation":{"ama":"Gao F, Wang J-H, Watzinger H, et al. Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling. <i>Advanced Materials</i>. 2020;32(16). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523\">10.1002/adma.201906523</a>","mla":"Gao, Fei, et al. “Site-Controlled Uniform Ge/Si Hut Wires with Electrically Tunable Spin-Orbit Coupling.” <i>Advanced Materials</i>, vol. 32, no. 16, 1906523, Wiley, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523\">10.1002/adma.201906523</a>.","ista":"Gao F, Wang J-H, Watzinger H, Hu H, Rančić MJ, Zhang J-Y, Wang T, Yao Y, Wang G-L, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, Kloeffel C, Loss D, Liu F, Katsaros G, Zhang J-J. 2020. Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling. Advanced Materials. 32(16), 1906523.","short":"F. Gao, J.-H. Wang, H. Watzinger, H. Hu, M.J. Rančić, J.-Y. Zhang, T. Wang, Y. Yao, G.-L. Wang, J. Kukucka, L. Vukušić, C. Kloeffel, D. Loss, F. Liu, G. Katsaros, J.-J. Zhang, Advanced Materials 32 (2020).","apa":"Gao, F., Wang, J.-H., Watzinger, H., Hu, H., Rančić, M. J., Zhang, J.-Y., … Zhang, J.-J. (2020). Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling. <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523\">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523</a>","ieee":"F. Gao <i>et al.</i>, “Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling,” <i>Advanced Materials</i>, vol. 32, no. 16. Wiley, 2020.","chicago":"Gao, Fei, Jian-Huan Wang, Hannes Watzinger, Hao Hu, Marko J. Rančić, Jie-Yin Zhang, Ting Wang, et al. “Site-Controlled Uniform Ge/Si Hut Wires with Electrically Tunable Spin-Orbit Coupling.” <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523\">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523</a>."},"acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2016YFA0301701 and 2016YFA0300600), the NSFC (Grant Nos. 11574356, 11434010, and 11404252), the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (Grant No. XDB30000000), the ERC Starting Grant No. 335497, the FWF P32235 project, and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement #862046. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility. F.L. thanks support from DOE (Grant No. DE‐FG02‐04ER46148). H.H. thanks the Startup Funding from Xi'an Jiaotong University.","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","project":[{"_id":"25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires","call_identifier":"FP7","grant_number":"335497"},{"grant_number":"P32235","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"FWF"},{"_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"862046"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","_id":"7541","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0935-9648"]},"volume":32,"date_updated":"2024-02-21T12:42:12Z","oa":1,"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","title":"Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling","external_id":{"isi":["000516660900001"]},"ec_funded":1,"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"year":"2020","doi":"10.1002/adma.201906523","ddc":["530"],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"7996","relation":"dissertation_contains"},{"id":"9222","relation":"research_data","status":"public"}]},"article_number":"1906523","isi":1,"tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"}},{"contributor":[{"id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","contributor_type":"contact_person"}],"publisher":"Institute of Science and Technology Austria","title":"Supplementary data for \"Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots\"","date_published":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","ec_funded":1,"year":"2020","month":"05","doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689","date_created":"2020-05-01T15:14:46Z","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:02Z","file_size":5514403,"file_name":"DOI_ZeroFieldSplitting.zip","checksum":"d23c0cb9e2d19e14e2f902b88b97c05d","date_created":"2020-05-01T15:13:28Z","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/x-zip-compressed","creator":"gkatsaro","file_id":"7786"}],"ddc":["530"],"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"8203","relation":"used_in_publication"}]},"department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0)","short":"CC0 (1.0)","image":"/images/cc_0.png","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode"},"status":"public","author":[{"id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"These are the supplementary research data to the publication \"Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots\". All matrix files have the same format. Within each column the bias voltage is changed. Each column corresponds to either a different gate voltage or magnetic field. The voltage values are given in mV, the current values in pA. Find a specific description in the included Readme file.\r\n"}],"type":"research_data","citation":{"ista":"Katsaros G. 2020. Supplementary data for ‘Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots’, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689</a>.","short":"G. Katsaros, (2020).","mla":"Katsaros, Georgios. <i>Supplementary Data for “Zero Field Splitting of Heavy-Hole States in Quantum Dots.”</i> Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689</a>.","ama":"Katsaros G. Supplementary data for “Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots.” 2020. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689</a>","chicago":"Katsaros, Georgios. “Supplementary Data for ‘Zero Field Splitting of Heavy-Hole States in Quantum Dots.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689</a>.","ieee":"G. Katsaros, “Supplementary data for ‘Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots.’” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.","apa":"Katsaros, G. (2020). Supplementary data for “Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689</a>"},"day":"01","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa_version":"Published Version","project":[{"_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"862046"},{"grant_number":"P32235","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"}],"_id":"7689","oa":1,"date_updated":"2024-02-21T12:44:02Z","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:02Z","article_processing_charge":"No"}]