[{"date_published":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0002-1145-9226","id":"428A94B0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Shipilina","full_name":"Shipilina, Daria","first_name":"Daria"},{"full_name":"Pal, Arka","first_name":"Arka","orcid":"0000-0002-4530-8469","id":"6AAB2240-CA9A-11E9-9C1A-D9D1E5697425","last_name":"Pal"},{"id":"43161670-5719-11EA-8025-FABC3DDC885E","last_name":"Stankowski","first_name":"Sean","full_name":"Stankowski, Sean"},{"full_name":"Chan, Yingguang Frank","first_name":"Yingguang Frank","last_name":"Chan"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","last_name":"Barton","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","first_name":"Nicholas H"}],"oa":1,"_id":"12159","type":"journal_article","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1111/mec.16793","publisher":"Wiley","year":"2023","isi":1,"article_type":"original","volume":32,"month":"03","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0962-1083"],"eissn":["1365-294X"]},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","ddc":["570"],"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","file_date_updated":"2023-08-16T08:15:41Z","keyword":["Genetics","Ecology","Evolution","Behavior and Systematics"],"intvolume":"        32","date_created":"2023-01-12T12:09:17Z","pmid":1,"acknowledgement":"We thank the Barton group for useful discussion and feedback during the writing of this article. Comments from Roger Butlin, Molly Schumer's Group, the tskit development team, editors and three reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. Funding was provided by SCAS (Natural Sciences Programme, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation), an FWF Wittgenstein grant (PT1001Z211), an FWF standalone grant (grant P 32166), and an ERC Advanced Grant. YFC was supported by the Max Planck Society and an ERC Proof of Concept Grant #101069216 (HAPLOTAGGING).","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"publication_status":"published","page":"1441-1457","oa_version":"Published Version","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"day":"01","abstract":[{"text":"The term “haplotype block” is commonly used in the developing field of haplotype-based inference methods. We argue that the term should be defined based on the structure of the Ancestral Recombination Graph (ARG), which contains complete information on the ancestry of a sample. We use simulated examples to demonstrate key features of the relationship between haplotype blocks and ancestral structure, emphasizing the stochasticity of the processes that generate them. Even the simplest cases of neutrality or of a “hard” selective sweep produce a rich structure, often missed by commonly used statistics. We highlight a number of novel methods for inferring haplotype structure, based on the full ARG, or on a sequence of trees, and illustrate how they can be used to define haplotype blocks using an empirical data set. While the advent of new, computationally efficient methods makes it possible to apply these concepts broadly, they (and additional new methods) could benefit from adding features to explore haplotype blocks, as we define them. Understanding and applying the concept of the haplotype block will be essential to fully exploit long and linked-read sequencing technologies.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","date_updated":"2023-08-16T08:18:47Z","publication":"Molecular Ecology","external_id":{"pmid":["36433653"],"isi":["000900762000001"]},"title":"On the origin and structure of haplotype blocks","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2023-08-16T08:15:41Z","file_id":"14062","checksum":"b10e0f8fa3dc4d72aaf77a557200978a","date_updated":"2023-08-16T08:15:41Z","success":1,"file_name":"2023_MolecularEcology_Shipilina.pdf","file_size":7144607}],"issue":"6","scopus_import":"1","has_accepted_license":"1","project":[{"grant_number":"P32166","_id":"05959E1C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","name":"The maintenance of alternative adaptive peaks in snapdragons"},{"_id":"25F42A32-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"The Wittgenstein Prize","grant_number":"Z211","call_identifier":"FWF"},{"grant_number":"101055327","name":"Understanding the evolution of continuous genomes","_id":"bd6958e0-d553-11ed-ba76-86eba6a76c00"}],"citation":{"ama":"Shipilina D, Pal A, Stankowski S, Chan YF, Barton NH. On the origin and structure of haplotype blocks. <i>Molecular Ecology</i>. 2023;32(6):1441-1457. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16793\">10.1111/mec.16793</a>","short":"D. Shipilina, A. Pal, S. Stankowski, Y.F. Chan, N.H. Barton, Molecular Ecology 32 (2023) 1441–1457.","ista":"Shipilina D, Pal A, Stankowski S, Chan YF, Barton NH. 2023. On the origin and structure of haplotype blocks. Molecular Ecology. 32(6), 1441–1457.","mla":"Shipilina, Daria, et al. “On the Origin and Structure of Haplotype Blocks.” <i>Molecular Ecology</i>, vol. 32, no. 6, Wiley, 2023, pp. 1441–57, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16793\">10.1111/mec.16793</a>.","apa":"Shipilina, D., Pal, A., Stankowski, S., Chan, Y. F., &#38; Barton, N. H. (2023). On the origin and structure of haplotype blocks. <i>Molecular Ecology</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16793\">https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16793</a>","ieee":"D. Shipilina, A. Pal, S. Stankowski, Y. F. Chan, and N. H. Barton, “On the origin and structure of haplotype blocks,” <i>Molecular Ecology</i>, vol. 32, no. 6. Wiley, pp. 1441–1457, 2023.","chicago":"Shipilina, Daria, Arka Pal, Sean Stankowski, Yingguang Frank Chan, and Nicholas H Barton. “On the Origin and Structure of Haplotype Blocks.” <i>Molecular Ecology</i>. Wiley, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16793\">https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16793</a>."}},{"has_accepted_license":"1","issue":"3","scopus_import":"1","project":[{"grant_number":"P32166","_id":"05959E1C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","name":"The maintenance of alternative adaptive peaks in snapdragons"}],"citation":{"chicago":"Surendranadh, Parvathy, Louise S Arathoon, Carina Baskett, David Field, Melinda Pickup, and Nicholas H Barton. “Effects of Fine-Scale Population Structure on the Distribution of Heterozygosity in a Long-Term Study of Antirrhinum Majus.” <i>Genetics</i>. Oxford University Press, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyac083\">https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyac083</a>.","ieee":"P. Surendranadh, L. S. Arathoon, C. Baskett, D. Field, M. Pickup, and N. H. Barton, “Effects of fine-scale population structure on the distribution of heterozygosity in a long-term study of Antirrhinum majus,” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 221, no. 3. Oxford University Press, 2022.","ista":"Surendranadh P, Arathoon LS, Baskett C, Field D, Pickup M, Barton NH. 2022. Effects of fine-scale population structure on the distribution of heterozygosity in a long-term study of Antirrhinum majus. Genetics. 221(3), iyac083.","short":"P. Surendranadh, L.S. Arathoon, C. Baskett, D. Field, M. Pickup, N.H. Barton, Genetics 221 (2022).","mla":"Surendranadh, Parvathy, et al. “Effects of Fine-Scale Population Structure on the Distribution of Heterozygosity in a Long-Term Study of Antirrhinum Majus.” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 221, no. 3, iyac083, Oxford University Press, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyac083\">10.1093/genetics/iyac083</a>.","apa":"Surendranadh, P., Arathoon, L. S., Baskett, C., Field, D., Pickup, M., &#38; Barton, N. H. (2022). Effects of fine-scale population structure on the distribution of heterozygosity in a long-term study of Antirrhinum majus. <i>Genetics</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyac083\">https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyac083</a>","ama":"Surendranadh P, Arathoon LS, Baskett C, Field D, Pickup M, Barton NH. Effects of fine-scale population structure on the distribution of heterozygosity in a long-term study of Antirrhinum majus. <i>Genetics</i>. 2022;221(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyac083\">10.1093/genetics/iyac083</a>"},"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"14651"},{"id":"11321","status":"public","relation":"research_data"},{"relation":"research_data","status":"public","id":"9192"}]},"external_id":{"isi":["000803735800001"],"pmid":["35639938"]},"title":"Effects of fine-scale population structure on the distribution of heterozygosity in a long-term study of Antirrhinum majus","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","creator":"larathoo","success":1,"date_updated":"2022-05-26T12:48:15Z","date_created":"2022-05-26T12:48:15Z","file_id":"11412","checksum":"cc2d56deb608bd53c5cc02f03a875107","file_size":885374,"file_name":"Manuscript.pdf"},{"creator":"larathoo","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"SupplementalMaterial.pdf","file_size":1401704,"date_created":"2022-05-26T12:48:21Z","checksum":"693742595b6c7ed809423be01460d083","file_id":"11413","date_updated":"2022-05-26T12:48:21Z","success":1}],"publication":"Genetics","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"ScienComp"}],"status":"public","date_updated":"2024-02-21T12:38:33Z","abstract":[{"text":"Many studies have quantified the distribution of heterozygosity and relatedness in natural populations, but few have examined the demographic processes driving these patterns. In this study, we take a novel approach by studying how population structure affects both pairwise identity and the distribution of heterozygosity in a natural population of the self-incompatible plant Antirrhinum majus. Excess variance in heterozygosity between individuals is due to identity disequilibrium, which reflects the variance in inbreeding between individuals; it is measured by the statistic g2. We calculated g2 together with FST and pairwise relatedness (Fij) using 91 SNPs in 22,353 individuals collected over 11 years. We find that pairwise Fij declines rapidly over short spatial scales, and the excess variance in heterozygosity between individuals reflects significant variation in inbreeding. Additionally, we detect an excess of individuals with around half the average heterozygosity, indicating either selfing or matings between close relatives. We use 2 types of simulation to ask whether variation in heterozygosity is consistent with fine-scale spatial population structure. First, by simulating offspring using parents drawn from a range of spatial scales, we show that the known pollen dispersal kernel explains g2. Second, we simulate a 1,000-generation pedigree using the known dispersal and spatial distribution and find that the resulting g2 is consistent with that observed from the field data. In contrast, a simulated population with uniform density underestimates g2, indicating that heterogeneous density promotes identity disequilibrium. Our study shows that heterogeneous density and leptokurtic dispersal can together explain the distribution of heterozygosity.","lang":"eng"}],"oa_version":"Submitted Version","publication_status":"published","day":"01","intvolume":"       221","article_processing_charge":"No","ddc":["576"],"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","file_date_updated":"2022-05-26T12:48:21Z","pmid":1,"acknowledgement":"Part of this work was funded by Marie Curie COFUND Doctoral Fellowship and Austrian Science Fund FWF (grant P32166).\r\nWe thank the many volunteers and friends who have contributed to data collection in the field site over the years, in particular those who have managed field seasons: Barbora Trubenova, Maria Clara Melo, Tom Ellis, Eva Cereghetti, Lenka Matejovicova, Beatriz Pablo Carmona. Frederic Ferrer and Eva Salmerón Mateu have been immensely helpful with logistics at our informal field station, El Serrat de Planoles. We thank Sean Stankowski for technical help in\r\nproducing figure 1. This research was also supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of IST Austria through resources provided by Scientific Computing (SciComp).","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"NiBa"}],"article_number":"iyac083","date_created":"2022-05-26T13:44:50Z","volume":221,"article_type":"original","isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1943-2631"]},"month":"07","type":"journal_article","publisher":"Oxford University Press","year":"2022","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1093/genetics/iyac083","date_published":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"_id":"11411","author":[{"full_name":"Surendranadh, Parvathy","first_name":"Parvathy","last_name":"Surendranadh","id":"455235B8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-1771-714X","id":"2CFCFF98-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Arathoon","full_name":"Arathoon, Louise S","first_name":"Louise S"},{"first_name":"Carina","full_name":"Baskett, Carina","orcid":"0000-0002-7354-8574","id":"3B4A7CE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Baskett"},{"first_name":"David","full_name":"Field, David","last_name":"Field","id":"419049E2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-4014-8478"},{"full_name":"Pickup, Melinda","first_name":"Melinda","orcid":"0000-0001-6118-0541","last_name":"Pickup","id":"2C78037E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Barton","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","first_name":"Nicholas H"}]},{"publication":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","file":[{"success":1,"date_updated":"2023-02-02T08:20:29Z","file_id":"12479","date_created":"2023-02-02T08:20:29Z","checksum":"49f69428f3dcf5ce3ff281f7d199e9df","file_size":920304,"file_name":"2022_PhilosophicalTransactionsB_Westram.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst"}],"title":"Inversions and parallel evolution","external_id":{"isi":["000812317300005"]},"scopus_import":"1","issue":"1856","has_accepted_license":"1","citation":{"apa":"Westram, A. M., Faria, R., Johannesson, K., Butlin, R., &#38; Barton, N. H. (2022). Inversions and parallel evolution. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>. Royal Society of London. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0203\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0203</a>","short":"A.M. Westram, R. Faria, K. Johannesson, R. Butlin, N.H. Barton, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 377 (2022).","mla":"Westram, Anja M., et al. “Inversions and Parallel Evolution.” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 377, no. 1856, 20210203, Royal Society of London, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0203\">10.1098/rstb.2021.0203</a>.","ista":"Westram AM, Faria R, Johannesson K, Butlin R, Barton NH. 2022. Inversions and parallel evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 377(1856), 20210203.","ama":"Westram AM, Faria R, Johannesson K, Butlin R, Barton NH. Inversions and parallel evolution. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>. 2022;377(1856). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0203\">10.1098/rstb.2021.0203</a>","chicago":"Westram, Anja M, Rui Faria, Kerstin Johannesson, Roger Butlin, and Nicholas H Barton. “Inversions and Parallel Evolution.” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>. Royal Society of London, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0203\">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0203</a>.","ieee":"A. M. Westram, R. Faria, K. Johannesson, R. Butlin, and N. H. Barton, “Inversions and parallel evolution,” <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</i>, vol. 377, no. 1856. Royal Society of London, 2022."},"project":[{"grant_number":"P32166","_id":"05959E1C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","name":"The maintenance of alternative adaptive peaks in snapdragons"}],"tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"day":"01","oa_version":"Published Version","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"text":"Local adaptation leads to differences between populations within a species. In many systems, similar environmental contrasts occur repeatedly, sometimes driving parallel phenotypic evolution. Understanding the genomic basis of local adaptation and parallel evolution is a major goal of evolutionary genomics. It is now known that by preventing the break-up of favourable combinations of alleles across multiple loci, genetic architectures that reduce recombination, like chromosomal inversions, can make an important contribution to local adaptation. However, little is known about whether inversions also contribute disproportionately to parallel evolution. Our aim here is to highlight this knowledge gap, to showcase existing studies, and to illustrate the differences between genomic architectures with and without inversions using simple models. We predict that by generating stronger effective selection, inversions can sometimes speed up the parallel adaptive process or enable parallel adaptation where it would be impossible otherwise, but this is highly dependent on the spatial setting. We highlight that further empirical work is needed, in particular to cover a broader taxonomic range and to understand the relative importance of inversions compared to genomic regions without inversions.","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","date_updated":"2023-08-03T11:55:42Z","isi":1,"article_type":"original","volume":377,"month":"08","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0962-8436"],"eissn":["1471-2970"]},"quality_controlled":"1","file_date_updated":"2023-02-02T08:20:29Z","ddc":["570"],"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","intvolume":"       377","keyword":["General Agricultural and Biological Sciences","General Biochemistry","Genetics and Molecular Biology"],"date_created":"2022-07-08T11:41:56Z","article_number":"20210203","department":[{"_id":"BeVi"},{"_id":"NiBa"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful and interesting comments on this manuscript.","date_published":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-1050-4969","last_name":"Westram","id":"3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Anja M","full_name":"Westram, Anja M"},{"full_name":"Faria, Rui","first_name":"Rui","last_name":"Faria"},{"full_name":"Johannesson, Kerstin","first_name":"Kerstin","last_name":"Johannesson"},{"full_name":"Butlin, Roger","first_name":"Roger","last_name":"Butlin"},{"last_name":"Barton","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","first_name":"Nicholas H","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H"}],"_id":"11546","oa":1,"type":"journal_article","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2021.0203","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2022","publisher":"Royal Society of London"},{"pmid":1,"department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"acknowledgement":"We are grateful to the participants of the ESEB satellite symposium ‘Understanding reproductive isolation: bridging conceptual barriers in  speciation  research’  in  2021  for  the  interesting  discussions  that  helped  us  clarify  the  thoughts  presented  in  this  article.  We  thank  Roger Butlin, Michael Turelli and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on this manuscript. We are also very grateful to Roger Butlin and the Barton Group for the continued conversa-tions about RI. In addition, we thank all participants of the speciation survey. Part of this work was funded by the Austrian Science Fund FWF (grant P 32166)","date_created":"2023-01-16T09:59:24Z","keyword":["Ecology","Evolution","Behavior and Systematics"],"intvolume":"        35","ddc":["570"],"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","file_date_updated":"2023-01-30T10:05:31Z","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1010-061X"],"eissn":["1420-9101"]},"month":"09","volume":35,"article_type":"review","isi":1,"publisher":"Wiley","year":"2022","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1111/jeb.14005","type":"journal_article","oa":1,"_id":"12264","author":[{"id":"3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Westram","orcid":"0000-0003-1050-4969","first_name":"Anja M","full_name":"Westram, Anja M"},{"last_name":"Stankowski","id":"43161670-5719-11EA-8025-FABC3DDC885E","first_name":"Sean","full_name":"Stankowski, Sean"},{"first_name":"Parvathy","full_name":"Surendranadh, Parvathy","last_name":"Surendranadh","id":"455235B8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","first_name":"Nicholas H","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Barton","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240"}],"date_published":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","project":[{"_id":"05959E1C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","name":"The maintenance of alternative adaptive peaks in snapdragons","grant_number":"P32166"}],"citation":{"chicago":"Westram, Anja M, Sean Stankowski, Parvathy Surendranadh, and Nicholas H Barton. “What Is Reproductive Isolation?” <i>Journal of Evolutionary Biology</i>. Wiley, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.14005\">https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.14005</a>.","ieee":"A. M. Westram, S. Stankowski, P. Surendranadh, and N. H. Barton, “What is reproductive isolation?,” <i>Journal of Evolutionary Biology</i>, vol. 35, no. 9. Wiley, pp. 1143–1164, 2022.","apa":"Westram, A. M., Stankowski, S., Surendranadh, P., &#38; Barton, N. H. (2022). What is reproductive isolation? <i>Journal of Evolutionary Biology</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.14005\">https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.14005</a>","mla":"Westram, Anja M., et al. “What Is Reproductive Isolation?” <i>Journal of Evolutionary Biology</i>, vol. 35, no. 9, Wiley, 2022, pp. 1143–64, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.14005\">10.1111/jeb.14005</a>.","short":"A.M. Westram, S. Stankowski, P. Surendranadh, N.H. Barton, Journal of Evolutionary Biology 35 (2022) 1143–1164.","ista":"Westram AM, Stankowski S, Surendranadh P, Barton NH. 2022. What is reproductive isolation? Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 35(9), 1143–1164.","ama":"Westram AM, Stankowski S, Surendranadh P, Barton NH. What is reproductive isolation? <i>Journal of Evolutionary Biology</i>. 2022;35(9):1143-1164. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.14005\">10.1111/jeb.14005</a>"},"has_accepted_license":"1","issue":"9","scopus_import":"1","external_id":{"pmid":["36063156"],"isi":["000849851100002"]},"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"12265","relation":"other"}]},"file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","creator":"dernst","success":1,"date_updated":"2023-01-30T10:05:31Z","checksum":"f08de57112330a7ee88d2e1b20576a1e","file_id":"12448","date_created":"2023-01-30T10:05:31Z","file_size":3146793,"file_name":"2022_JourEvoBiology_Westram.pdf"}],"title":"What is reproductive isolation?","publication":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology","date_updated":"2023-08-04T09:53:40Z","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Reproductive isolation (RI) is a core concept in evolutionary biology. It has been the central focus of speciation research since the modern synthesis and is the basis by which biological species are defined. Despite this, the term is used in seemingly different ways, and attempts to quantify RI have used very different approaches. After showing that the field lacks a clear definition of the term, we attempt to clarify key issues, including what RI is, how it can be quantified in principle, and how it can be measured in practice. Following other definitions with a genetic focus, we propose that RI is a quantitative measure of the effect that genetic differences between populations have on gene flow. Specifically, RI compares the flow of neutral alleles in the presence of these genetic differences to the flow without any such differences. RI is thus greater than zero when genetic differences between populations reduce the flow of neutral alleles between populations. We show how RI can be quantified in a range of scenarios. A key conclusion is that RI depends strongly on circumstances—including the spatial, temporal and genomic context—making it difficult to compare across systems. After reviewing methods for estimating RI from data, we conclude that it is difficult to measure in practice. We discuss our findings in light of the goals of speciation research and encourage the use of methods for estimating RI that integrate organismal and genetic approaches."}],"page":"1143-1164","publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Published Version","day":"01","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"}},{"citation":{"apa":"Westram, A. M., Stankowski, S., Surendranadh, P., &#38; Barton, N. H. (2022). Reproductive isolation, speciation, and the value of disagreement: A reply to the commentaries on ‘What is reproductive isolation?’ <i>Journal of Evolutionary Biology</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.14082\">https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.14082</a>","short":"A.M. Westram, S. Stankowski, P. Surendranadh, N.H. Barton, Journal of Evolutionary Biology 35 (2022) 1200–1205.","ista":"Westram AM, Stankowski S, Surendranadh P, Barton NH. 2022. Reproductive isolation, speciation, and the value of disagreement: A reply to the commentaries on ‘What is reproductive isolation?’ Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 35(9), 1200–1205.","mla":"Westram, Anja M., et al. “Reproductive Isolation, Speciation, and the Value of Disagreement: A Reply to the Commentaries on ‘What Is Reproductive Isolation?’” <i>Journal of Evolutionary Biology</i>, vol. 35, no. 9, Wiley, 2022, pp. 1200–05, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.14082\">10.1111/jeb.14082</a>.","ama":"Westram AM, Stankowski S, Surendranadh P, Barton NH. Reproductive isolation, speciation, and the value of disagreement: A reply to the commentaries on ‘What is reproductive isolation?’ <i>Journal of Evolutionary Biology</i>. 2022;35(9):1200-1205. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.14082\">10.1111/jeb.14082</a>","chicago":"Westram, Anja M, Sean Stankowski, Parvathy Surendranadh, and Nicholas H Barton. “Reproductive Isolation, Speciation, and the Value of Disagreement: A Reply to the Commentaries on ‘What Is Reproductive Isolation?’” <i>Journal of Evolutionary Biology</i>. Wiley, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.14082\">https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.14082</a>.","ieee":"A. M. Westram, S. Stankowski, P. Surendranadh, and N. H. Barton, “Reproductive isolation, speciation, and the value of disagreement: A reply to the commentaries on ‘What is reproductive isolation?,’” <i>Journal of Evolutionary Biology</i>, vol. 35, no. 9. Wiley, pp. 1200–1205, 2022."},"project":[{"_id":"05959E1C-7A3F-11EA-A408-12923DDC885E","name":"The maintenance of alternative adaptive peaks in snapdragons","grant_number":"P32166"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","scopus_import":"1","issue":"9","file":[{"access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","creator":"dernst","file_id":"12449","date_created":"2023-01-30T10:14:09Z","checksum":"27268009e5eec030bc10667a4ac5ed4c","date_updated":"2023-01-30T10:14:09Z","success":1,"file_name":"2022_JourEvoBiology_Westram_Response.pdf","file_size":349603}],"title":"Reproductive isolation, speciation, and the value of disagreement: A reply to the commentaries on ‘What is reproductive isolation?’","external_id":{"isi":["000849851100009"]},"related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","id":"12264","relation":"other"}]},"publication":"Journal of Evolutionary Biology","date_updated":"2023-08-04T09:53:41Z","status":"public","tmp":{"legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"day":"01","oa_version":"Published Version","publication_status":"published","page":"1200-1205","acknowledgement":"We  are  very  grateful  to  the  authors  of  the  commentaries  for  the  interesting discussion and to Luke Holman for handling this set of manuscripts. Part of this work was funded by the Austrian Science Fund FWF (grant P 32166).","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"}],"date_created":"2023-01-16T09:59:37Z","intvolume":"        35","keyword":["Ecology","Evolution","Behavior and Systematics"],"file_date_updated":"2023-01-30T10:14:09Z","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","ddc":["570"],"article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1010-061X"],"eissn":["1420-9101"]},"quality_controlled":"1","month":"09","article_type":"letter_note","volume":35,"isi":1,"year":"2022","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jeb.14082","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","_id":"12265","oa":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Westram, Anja M","first_name":"Anja M","last_name":"Westram","id":"3C147470-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1050-4969"},{"id":"43161670-5719-11EA-8025-FABC3DDC885E","last_name":"Stankowski","first_name":"Sean","full_name":"Stankowski, Sean"},{"first_name":"Parvathy","full_name":"Surendranadh, Parvathy","id":"455235B8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Surendranadh"},{"id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Barton","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","first_name":"Nicholas H"}],"date_published":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z"}]