---
_id: '12822'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Gears and cogwheels are elemental components of machines. They restrain degrees
    of freedom and channel power into a specified motion. Building and powering small-scale
    cogwheels are key steps toward feasible micro and nanomachinery. Assembly, energy
    injection, and control are, however, a challenge at the microscale. In contrast
    with passive gears, whose function is to transmit torques from one to another,
    interlocking and untethered active gears have the potential to unveil dynamics
    and functions untapped by externally driven mechanisms. Here, it is shown the
    assembly and control of a family of self-spinning cogwheels with varying teeth
    numbers and study the interlocking of multiple cogwheels. The teeth are formed
    by colloidal microswimmers that power the structure. The cogwheels are autonomous
    and active, showing persistent rotation. Leveraging the angular momentum of optical
    vortices, we control the direction of rotation of the cogwheels. The pairs of
    interlocking and active cogwheels that roll over each other in a random walk and
    have curvature-dependent mobility are studied. This behavior is leveraged to self-position
    parts and program microbots, demonstrating the ability to pick up, direct, and
    release a load. The work constitutes a step toward autonomous machinery with external
    control as well as (re)programmable microbots and matter.
acknowledgement: 'Army Research Office. Grant Number: W911NF-20-1-0112'
article_number: '2200129'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Quentin
  full_name: Martinet, Quentin
  id: b37485a8-d343-11eb-a0e9-df8c484ef8ab
  last_name: Martinet
- first_name: Antoine
  full_name: Aubret, Antoine
  last_name: Aubret
- first_name: Jérémie A
  full_name: Palacci, Jérémie A
  id: 8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d
  last_name: Palacci
  orcid: 0000-0002-7253-9465
citation:
  ama: Martinet Q, Aubret A, Palacci JA. Rotation control, interlocking, and self‐positioning
    of active cogwheels. <i>Advanced Intelligent Systems</i>. 2023;5(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200129">10.1002/aisy.202200129</a>
  apa: Martinet, Q., Aubret, A., &#38; Palacci, J. A. (2023). Rotation control, interlocking,
    and self‐positioning of active cogwheels. <i>Advanced Intelligent Systems</i>.
    Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200129">https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200129</a>
  chicago: Martinet, Quentin, Antoine Aubret, and Jérémie A Palacci. “Rotation Control,
    Interlocking, and Self‐positioning of Active Cogwheels.” <i>Advanced Intelligent
    Systems</i>. Wiley, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200129">https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200129</a>.
  ieee: Q. Martinet, A. Aubret, and J. A. Palacci, “Rotation control, interlocking,
    and self‐positioning of active cogwheels,” <i>Advanced Intelligent Systems</i>,
    vol. 5, no. 1. Wiley, 2023.
  ista: Martinet Q, Aubret A, Palacci JA. 2023. Rotation control, interlocking, and
    self‐positioning of active cogwheels. Advanced Intelligent Systems. 5(1), 2200129.
  mla: Martinet, Quentin, et al. “Rotation Control, Interlocking, and Self‐positioning
    of Active Cogwheels.” <i>Advanced Intelligent Systems</i>, vol. 5, no. 1, 2200129,
    Wiley, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202200129">10.1002/aisy.202200129</a>.
  short: Q. Martinet, A. Aubret, J.A. Palacci, Advanced Intelligent Systems 5 (2023).
date_created: 2023-04-12T08:30:03Z
date_published: 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-01T14:06:50Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: JePa
doi: 10.1002/aisy.202200129
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2201.03333'
  isi:
  - '000852291200001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: d48fc41d39892e7fa0d44cb352dd46aa
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2023-04-17T06:44:17Z
  date_updated: 2023-04-17T06:44:17Z
  file_id: '12840'
  file_name: 2023_AdvancedIntelligentSystems_Martinet.pdf
  file_size: 2414125
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-04-17T06:44:17Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         5'
isi: 1
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Advanced Intelligent Systems
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2640-4567
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Rotation control, interlocking, and self‐positioning of active cogwheels
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 5
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '10280'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Machines enabled the Industrial Revolution and are central to modern technological
    progress: A machine’s parts transmit forces, motion, and energy to one another
    in a predetermined manner. Today’s engineering frontier, building artificial micromachines
    that emulate the biological machinery of living organisms, requires faithful assembly
    and energy consumption at the microscale. Here, we demonstrate the programmable
    assembly of active particles into autonomous metamachines using optical templates.
    Metamachines, or machines made of machines, are stable, mobile and autonomous
    architectures, whose dynamics stems from the geometry. We use the interplay between
    anisotropic force generation of the active colloids with the control of their
    orientation by local geometry. This allows autonomous reprogramming of active
    particles of the metamachines to achieve multiple functions. It permits the modular
    assembly of metamachines by fusion, reconfiguration of metamachines and, we anticipate,
    a shift in focus of self-assembly towards active matter and reprogrammable materials.'
acknowledgement: The authors thank R. Jazzar for useful advice regarding the synthesis
  of heterodimers. We thank S. Sacanna for critical reading. This material is based
  upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-1554724
  and Department of Army Research under grant W911NF-20-1-0112.
article_number: '6398'
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Antoine
  full_name: Aubret, Antoine
  last_name: Aubret
- first_name: Quentin
  full_name: Martinet, Quentin
  id: b37485a8-d343-11eb-a0e9-df8c484ef8ab
  last_name: Martinet
  orcid: 0000-0002-2916-6632
- first_name: Jérémie A
  full_name: Palacci, Jérémie A
  id: 8fb92548-2b22-11eb-b7c1-a3f0d08d7c7d
  last_name: Palacci
  orcid: 0000-0002-7253-9465
citation:
  ama: Aubret A, Martinet Q, Palacci JA. Metamachines of pluripotent colloids. <i>Nature
    Communications</i>. 2021;12(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6">10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6</a>
  apa: Aubret, A., Martinet, Q., &#38; Palacci, J. A. (2021). Metamachines of pluripotent
    colloids. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6</a>
  chicago: Aubret, Antoine, Quentin Martinet, and Jérémie A Palacci. “Metamachines
    of Pluripotent Colloids.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2021.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6</a>.
  ieee: A. Aubret, Q. Martinet, and J. A. Palacci, “Metamachines of pluripotent colloids,”
    <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 12, no. 1. Springer Nature, 2021.
  ista: Aubret A, Martinet Q, Palacci JA. 2021. Metamachines of pluripotent colloids.
    Nature Communications. 12(1), 6398.
  mla: Aubret, Antoine, et al. “Metamachines of Pluripotent Colloids.” <i>Nature Communications</i>,
    vol. 12, no. 1, 6398, Springer Nature, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6">10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6</a>.
  short: A. Aubret, Q. Martinet, J.A. Palacci, Nature Communications 12 (2021).
date_created: 2021-11-14T23:01:23Z
date_published: 2021-11-04T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-14T11:48:37Z
day: '04'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: JePa
doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26699-6
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000714754400010'
  pmid:
  - '34737315'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 1c392b12b9b7b615d422d9fabe19cdb9
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: cchlebak
  date_created: 2021-11-15T13:25:52Z
  date_updated: 2021-11-15T13:25:52Z
  file_id: '10292'
  file_name: 2021_NatComm_Aubret.pdf
  file_size: 6282703
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-11-15T13:25:52Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        12'
isi: 1
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Metamachines of pluripotent colloids
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 12
year: '2021'
...