[{"month":"12","year":"2023","article_number":"e202316476","keyword":["General Chemistry","Catalysis"],"department":[{"_id":"StFr"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","status":"public","oa":1,"user_id":"3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_published":"2023-12-14T00:00:00Z","citation":{"ista":"Jethwa RB, Mondal S, Pant B, Freunberger SA. 2023. To DISP or not? The far‐reaching reaction mechanisms underpinning Lithium‐air batteries. Angewandte Chemie International Edition., e202316476.","chicago":"Jethwa, Rajesh B, Soumyadip Mondal, Bhargavi Pant, and Stefan Alexander Freunberger. “To DISP or Not? The Far‐reaching Reaction Mechanisms Underpinning Lithium‐air Batteries.” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. Wiley, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202316476\">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202316476</a>.","apa":"Jethwa, R. B., Mondal, S., Pant, B., &#38; Freunberger, S. A. (2023). To DISP or not? The far‐reaching reaction mechanisms underpinning Lithium‐air batteries. <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202316476\">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202316476</a>","mla":"Jethwa, Rajesh B., et al. “To DISP or Not? The Far‐reaching Reaction Mechanisms Underpinning Lithium‐air Batteries.” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>, e202316476, Wiley, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202316476\">10.1002/anie.202316476</a>.","ama":"Jethwa RB, Mondal S, Pant B, Freunberger SA. To DISP or not? The far‐reaching reaction mechanisms underpinning Lithium‐air batteries. <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202316476\">10.1002/anie.202316476</a>","ieee":"R. B. Jethwa, S. Mondal, B. Pant, and S. A. Freunberger, “To DISP or not? The far‐reaching reaction mechanisms underpinning Lithium‐air batteries,” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. Wiley, 2023.","short":"R.B. Jethwa, S. Mondal, B. Pant, S.A. Freunberger, Angewandte Chemie International Edition (2023)."},"publisher":"Wiley","title":"To DISP or not? The far‐reaching reaction mechanisms underpinning Lithium‐air batteries","oa_version":"Published Version","day":"14","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1002/anie.202316476","author":[{"full_name":"Jethwa, Rajesh B","id":"4cc538d5-803f-11ed-ab7e-8139573aad8f","last_name":"Jethwa","orcid":"0000-0002-0404-4356","first_name":"Rajesh B"},{"full_name":"Mondal, Soumyadip","id":"d25d21ef-dc8d-11ea-abe3-ec4576307f48","last_name":"Mondal","first_name":"Soumyadip"},{"full_name":"Pant, Bhargavi","id":"50c64d4d-eb97-11eb-a6c2-d33e5e14f112","last_name":"Pant","first_name":"Bhargavi"},{"id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander","last_name":"Freunberger","orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319","first_name":"Stefan Alexander"}],"date_created":"2023-12-15T16:10:13Z","article_type":"review","type":"journal_article","_id":"14687","date_updated":"2024-02-15T14:43:05Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The short history of research on Li-O2 batteries has seen a remarkable number of mechanistic U-turns over the years. From the initial use of carbonate electrolytes, that were then found to be entirely unsuitable, to the belief that (su)peroxide was solely responsible for degradation, before the more reactive singlet oxygen was found to form, to the hypothesis that capacity depends on a competing surface/solution mechanism before a practically exclusive solution mechanism was identified. Herein, we argue for an ever-fresh look at the reported data without bias towards supposedly established explanations. We explain how the latest findings on rate and capacity limits, as well as the origin of side reactions, are connected via the disproportionation (DISP) step in the (dis)charge mechanism. Therefrom, directions emerge for the design of electrolytes and mediators on how to suppress side reactions and to enable high rate and high reversible capacity."}],"quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1521-3773"],"issn":["1433-7851"]},"publication_status":"epub_ahead","main_file_link":[{"url":" https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202316476","open_access":"1"}]},{"day":"19","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"first_name":"Lynden A.","full_name":"Archer, Lynden A.","last_name":"Archer"},{"full_name":"Bruce, Peter G.","last_name":"Bruce","first_name":"Peter G."},{"full_name":"Calvo, Ernesto J.","last_name":"Calvo","first_name":"Ernesto J."},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Dewar","full_name":"Dewar, Daniel"},{"last_name":"Ellison","full_name":"Ellison, James H. J.","first_name":"James H. J."},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319","first_name":"Stefan Alexander","full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander","id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","last_name":"Freunberger"},{"full_name":"Gao, Xiangwen","last_name":"Gao","first_name":"Xiangwen"},{"full_name":"Hardwick, Laurence J.","last_name":"Hardwick","first_name":"Laurence J."},{"first_name":"Gabriela","full_name":"Horwitz, Gabriela","last_name":"Horwitz"},{"first_name":"Jürgen","last_name":"Janek","full_name":"Janek, Jürgen"},{"last_name":"Johnson","full_name":"Johnson, Lee R.","first_name":"Lee R."},{"first_name":"Jack W.","full_name":"Jordan, Jack W.","last_name":"Jordan"},{"last_name":"Matsuda","full_name":"Matsuda, Shoichi","first_name":"Shoichi"},{"first_name":"Svetlana","full_name":"Menkin, Svetlana","last_name":"Menkin"},{"first_name":"Soumyadip","id":"d25d21ef-dc8d-11ea-abe3-ec4576307f48","full_name":"Mondal, Soumyadip","last_name":"Mondal"},{"first_name":"Qianyuan","full_name":"Qiu, Qianyuan","last_name":"Qiu"},{"last_name":"Samarakoon","full_name":"Samarakoon, Thukshan","first_name":"Thukshan"},{"full_name":"Temprano, Israel","last_name":"Temprano","first_name":"Israel"},{"first_name":"Kohei","full_name":"Uosaki, Kohei","last_name":"Uosaki"},{"full_name":"Vailaya, Ganesh","last_name":"Vailaya","first_name":"Ganesh"},{"first_name":"Eric D.","full_name":"Wachsman, Eric D.","last_name":"Wachsman"},{"last_name":"Wu","full_name":"Wu, Yiying","first_name":"Yiying"},{"first_name":"Shen","last_name":"Ye","full_name":"Ye, Shen"}],"doi":"10.1039/d3fd90062b","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","title":"Towards practical metal–oxygen batteries: General discussion","oa_version":"None","_id":"14701","date_updated":"2023-12-20T11:54:06Z","date_created":"2023-12-20T10:48:09Z","type":"journal_article","article_type":"review","publication_status":"epub_ahead","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1364-5498"],"issn":["1359-6640"]},"year":"2023","month":"12","department":[{"_id":"StFr"}],"keyword":["Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication":"Faraday Discussions","citation":{"short":"L.A. Archer, P.G. Bruce, E.J. Calvo, D. Dewar, J.H.J. Ellison, S.A. Freunberger, X. Gao, L.J. Hardwick, G. Horwitz, J. Janek, L.R. Johnson, J.W. Jordan, S. Matsuda, S. Menkin, S. Mondal, Q. Qiu, T. Samarakoon, I. Temprano, K. Uosaki, G. Vailaya, E.D. Wachsman, Y. Wu, S. Ye, Faraday Discussions (2023).","ieee":"L. A. Archer <i>et al.</i>, “Towards practical metal–oxygen batteries: General discussion,” <i>Faraday Discussions</i>. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023.","ama":"Archer LA, Bruce PG, Calvo EJ, et al. Towards practical metal–oxygen batteries: General discussion. <i>Faraday Discussions</i>. 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3fd90062b\">10.1039/d3fd90062b</a>","mla":"Archer, Lynden A., et al. “Towards Practical Metal–Oxygen Batteries: General Discussion.” <i>Faraday Discussions</i>, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3fd90062b\">10.1039/d3fd90062b</a>.","apa":"Archer, L. A., Bruce, P. G., Calvo, E. J., Dewar, D., Ellison, J. H. J., Freunberger, S. A., … Ye, S. (2023). Towards practical metal–oxygen batteries: General discussion. <i>Faraday Discussions</i>. Royal Society of Chemistry. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3fd90062b\">https://doi.org/10.1039/d3fd90062b</a>","ista":"Archer LA, Bruce PG, Calvo EJ, Dewar D, Ellison JHJ, Freunberger SA, Gao X, Hardwick LJ, Horwitz G, Janek J, Johnson LR, Jordan JW, Matsuda S, Menkin S, Mondal S, Qiu Q, Samarakoon T, Temprano I, Uosaki K, Vailaya G, Wachsman ED, Wu Y, Ye S. 2023. Towards practical metal–oxygen batteries: General discussion. Faraday Discussions.","chicago":"Archer, Lynden A., Peter G. Bruce, Ernesto J. Calvo, Daniel Dewar, James H. J. Ellison, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, Xiangwen Gao, et al. “Towards Practical Metal–Oxygen Batteries: General Discussion.” <i>Faraday Discussions</i>. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3fd90062b\">https://doi.org/10.1039/d3fd90062b</a>."},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_published":"2023-12-19T00:00:00Z"},{"department":[{"_id":"StFr"},{"_id":"Bio"}],"month":"05","citation":{"short":"S. Mondal, R.B. Jethwa, B. Pant, R. Hauschild, S.A. Freunberger, Faraday Discussions (2023).","ieee":"S. Mondal, R. B. Jethwa, B. Pant, R. Hauschild, and S. A. Freunberger, “Singlet oxygen in non-aqueous oxygen redox: Direct spectroscopic evidence for formation pathways and reliability of chemical probes,” <i>Faraday Discussions</i>. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023.","ama":"Mondal S, Jethwa RB, Pant B, Hauschild R, Freunberger SA. Singlet oxygen in non-aqueous oxygen redox: Direct spectroscopic evidence for formation pathways and reliability of chemical probes. <i>Faraday Discussions</i>. 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3fd00088e\">10.1039/d3fd00088e</a>","mla":"Mondal, Soumyadip, et al. “Singlet Oxygen in Non-Aqueous Oxygen Redox: Direct Spectroscopic Evidence for Formation Pathways and Reliability of Chemical Probes.” <i>Faraday Discussions</i>, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3fd00088e\">10.1039/d3fd00088e</a>.","apa":"Mondal, S., Jethwa, R. B., Pant, B., Hauschild, R., &#38; Freunberger, S. A. (2023). Singlet oxygen in non-aqueous oxygen redox: Direct spectroscopic evidence for formation pathways and reliability of chemical probes. <i>Faraday Discussions</i>. Royal Society of Chemistry. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3fd00088e\">https://doi.org/10.1039/d3fd00088e</a>","chicago":"Mondal, Soumyadip, Rajesh B Jethwa, Bhargavi Pant, Robert Hauschild, and Stefan Alexander Freunberger. “Singlet Oxygen in Non-Aqueous Oxygen Redox: Direct Spectroscopic Evidence for Formation Pathways and Reliability of Chemical Probes.” <i>Faraday Discussions</i>. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3fd00088e\">https://doi.org/10.1039/d3fd00088e</a>.","ista":"Mondal S, Jethwa RB, Pant B, Hauschild R, Freunberger SA. 2023. Singlet oxygen in non-aqueous oxygen redox: Direct spectroscopic evidence for formation pathways and reliability of chemical probes. Faraday Discussions."},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2023-05-22T06:53:34Z","article_type":"original","day":"17","author":[{"first_name":"Soumyadip","last_name":"Mondal","id":"d25d21ef-dc8d-11ea-abe3-ec4576307f48","full_name":"Mondal, Soumyadip"},{"id":"4cc538d5-803f-11ed-ab7e-8139573aad8f","full_name":"Jethwa, Rajesh B","last_name":"Jethwa","first_name":"Rajesh B","orcid":"0000-0002-0404-4356"},{"first_name":"Bhargavi","last_name":"Pant","id":"50c64d4d-eb97-11eb-a6c2-d33e5e14f112","full_name":"Pant, Bhargavi"},{"full_name":"Hauschild, Robert","id":"4E01D6B4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hauschild","first_name":"Robert","orcid":"0000-0001-9843-3522"},{"last_name":"Freunberger","id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander","first_name":"Stefan Alexander","orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319"}],"title":"Singlet oxygen in non-aqueous oxygen redox: Direct spectroscopic evidence for formation pathways and reliability of chemical probes","oa_version":"Published Version","publication_status":"epub_ahead","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1359-6640"],"eissn":["1364-5498"]},"abstract":[{"text":"Singlet oxygen (1O2) formation is now recognised as a key aspect of non-aqueous oxygen redox chemistry. For identifying 1O2, chemical trapping via 9,10-dimethylanthracene (DMA) to form the endoperoxide (DMA-O2) has become the mainstay method due to its sensitivity, selectivity, and ease of use. While DMA has been shown to be selective for 1O2, rather than forming DMA-O2 with a wide variety of potentially reactive O-containing species, false positives might hypothetically be obtained in the presence of previously overlooked species. Here, we first give unequivocal direct spectroscopic proof by the 1O2-specific near infrared (NIR) emission at 1270 nm for the previously proposed 1O2 formation pathways, which centre around superoxide disproportionation. We then show that peroxocarbonates, common intermediates in metal-O2 and metal carbonate electrochemistry, do not produce false-positive DMA-O2. Moreover, we identify a previously unreported 1O2-forming pathway through the reaction of CO2 with superoxide. Overall, we give unequivocal proof for 1O2 formation in non-aqueous oxygen redox and show that chemical trapping with DMA is a reliable method to assess 1O2 formation.","lang":"eng"}],"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by_nc.png","short":"CC BY-NC (4.0)"},"keyword":["Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"],"isi":1,"year":"2023","external_id":{"isi":["001070423500001"]},"date_published":"2023-05-17T00:00:00Z","status":"public","publication":"Faraday Discussions","_id":"13044","date_updated":"2023-12-13T11:19:07Z","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1039/d3fd00088e","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3fd00088e"}],"quality_controlled":"1"},{"isi":1,"year":"2022","external_id":{"isi":["000763879400001"]},"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"earlier_version","status":"public","id":"9978"}]},"keyword":["Process Chemistry and Technology","Biochemistry","Bioengineering","Catalysis"],"status":"public","publication":"Nature Catalysis","date_published":"2022-03-03T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 51773092, 21975124, 11874254, 51802187 and U2030206). It was further supported by Fujian science & technology innovation laboratory for energy devices of China (21C-LAB), Key Research Project of Zhejiang Laboratory (grant no. 2021PE0AC02) and the Cultivation Program for the Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of Nanjing Tech University. S.A.F. is indebted to IST Austria for support.","doi":"10.1038/s41929-022-00752-z","article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"Springer Nature","date_updated":"2023-10-17T13:06:28Z","_id":"10813","type":"journal_article","page":"193-201","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-750965/v1","open_access":"1"}],"quality_controlled":"1","month":"03","department":[{"_id":"StFr"}],"oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"ista":"Cao D, Shen X, Wang A, Yu F, Wu Y, Shi S, Freunberger SA, Chen Y. 2022. Threshold potentials for fast kinetics during mediated redox catalysis of insulators in Li–O2 and Li–S batteries. Nature Catalysis. 5, 193–201.","chicago":"Cao, Deqing, Xiaoxiao Shen, Aiping Wang, Fengjiao Yu, Yuping Wu, Siqi Shi, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, and Yuhui Chen. “Threshold Potentials for Fast Kinetics during Mediated Redox Catalysis of Insulators in Li–O2 and Li–S Batteries.” <i>Nature Catalysis</i>. Springer Nature, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-022-00752-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-022-00752-z</a>.","apa":"Cao, D., Shen, X., Wang, A., Yu, F., Wu, Y., Shi, S., … Chen, Y. (2022). Threshold potentials for fast kinetics during mediated redox catalysis of insulators in Li–O2 and Li–S batteries. <i>Nature Catalysis</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-022-00752-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-022-00752-z</a>","mla":"Cao, Deqing, et al. “Threshold Potentials for Fast Kinetics during Mediated Redox Catalysis of Insulators in Li–O2 and Li–S Batteries.” <i>Nature Catalysis</i>, vol. 5, Springer Nature, 2022, pp. 193–201, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-022-00752-z\">10.1038/s41929-022-00752-z</a>.","ama":"Cao D, Shen X, Wang A, et al. Threshold potentials for fast kinetics during mediated redox catalysis of insulators in Li–O2 and Li–S batteries. <i>Nature Catalysis</i>. 2022;5:193-201. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-022-00752-z\">10.1038/s41929-022-00752-z</a>","ieee":"D. Cao <i>et al.</i>, “Threshold potentials for fast kinetics during mediated redox catalysis of insulators in Li–O2 and Li–S batteries,” <i>Nature Catalysis</i>, vol. 5. Springer Nature, pp. 193–201, 2022.","short":"D. Cao, X. Shen, A. Wang, F. Yu, Y. Wu, S. Shi, S.A. Freunberger, Y. Chen, Nature Catalysis 5 (2022) 193–201."},"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","author":[{"full_name":"Cao, Deqing","last_name":"Cao","first_name":"Deqing"},{"first_name":"Xiaoxiao","full_name":"Shen, Xiaoxiao","last_name":"Shen"},{"last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Aiping","first_name":"Aiping"},{"full_name":"Yu, Fengjiao","last_name":"Yu","first_name":"Fengjiao"},{"full_name":"Wu, Yuping","last_name":"Wu","first_name":"Yuping"},{"last_name":"Shi","full_name":"Shi, Siqi","first_name":"Siqi"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319","first_name":"Stefan Alexander","last_name":"Freunberger","full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander","id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425"},{"full_name":"Chen, Yuhui","last_name":"Chen","first_name":"Yuhui"}],"day":"03","scopus_import":"1","title":"Threshold potentials for fast kinetics during mediated redox catalysis of insulators in Li–O2 and Li–S batteries","oa_version":"Preprint","volume":5,"article_type":"original","date_created":"2022-03-04T07:50:10Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Redox mediators could catalyse otherwise slow and energy-inefficient cycling of Li–S and Li–O2 batteries by shuttling electrons or holes between the electrode and the solid insulating storage materials. For mediators to work efficiently they need to oxidize the solid with fast kinetics but with the lowest possible overpotential. However, the dependence of kinetics and overpotential is unclear, which hinders informed improvement. Here, we find that when the redox potentials of mediators are tuned via, for example, Li+ concentration in the electrolyte, they exhibit distinct threshold potentials, where the kinetics accelerate several-fold within a range as small as 10 mV. This phenomenon is independent of types of mediator and electrolyte. The acceleration originates from the overpotentials required to activate fast Li+/e− extraction and the following chemical step at specific abundant surface facets. Efficient redox catalysis at insulating solids therefore requires careful consideration of the surface conditions of the storage materials and electrolyte-dependent redox potentials, which may be tuned by salt concentrations or solvents."}],"intvolume":"         5","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2520-1158"]}},{"quality_controlled":"1","page":"3112-3119","ddc":["540"],"_id":"12065","date_updated":"2023-08-03T13:47:56Z","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","doi":"10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01711","publisher":"American Chemical Society","acknowledgement":"S.A.F. and C.P. are indebted to the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No. 636069). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant NanoEvolution, Grant Agreement No. 894042. S.A.F. and S.M. are indebted to Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) for support. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the Electron Microscopy Facility and the Miba Machine Shop. C.P. thanks Vanessa Wood (ETH Zürich) for her continuing support.","date_published":"2022-08-29T00:00:00Z","status":"public","publication":"ACS Energy Letters","year":"2022","isi":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000860787000001"]},"file_date_updated":"2023-01-20T08:43:51Z","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2380-8195"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"EM-Fac"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"text":"Capacity, rate performance, and cycle life of aprotic Li–O2 batteries critically depend on reversible electrodeposition of Li2O2. Current understanding states surface-adsorbed versus solvated LiO2 controls Li2O2 growth as surface film or as large particles. Herein, we show that Li2O2 forms across a wide range of electrolytes, carbons, and current densities as particles via solution-mediated LiO2 disproportionation, bringing into question the prevalence of any surface growth under practical conditions. We describe a unified O2 reduction mechanism, which can explain all found capacity relations and Li2O2 morphologies with exclusive solution discharge. Determining particle morphology and achievable capacities are species mobilities, true areal rate, and the degree of LiO2 association in solution. Capacity is conclusively limited by mass transport through the tortuous Li2O2 rather than electron transport through a passivating Li2O2 film. Provided that species mobilities and surface growth are high, high capacities are also achieved with weakly solvating electrolytes, which were previously considered prototypical for low capacity via surface growth.","lang":"eng"}],"intvolume":"         7","volume":7,"date_created":"2022-09-08T09:51:09Z","article_type":"original","day":"29","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Prehal","full_name":"Prehal, Christian","first_name":"Christian"},{"first_name":"Soumyadip","last_name":"Mondal","id":"d25d21ef-dc8d-11ea-abe3-ec4576307f48","full_name":"Mondal, Soumyadip"},{"last_name":"Lovicar","full_name":"Lovicar, Ludek","id":"36DB3A20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Ludek"},{"full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander","id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","last_name":"Freunberger","first_name":"Stefan Alexander","orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Exclusive solution discharge in Li-O₂ batteries?","citation":{"ieee":"C. Prehal, S. Mondal, L. Lovicar, and S. A. Freunberger, “Exclusive solution discharge in Li-O₂ batteries?,” <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>, vol. 7, no. 9. American Chemical Society, pp. 3112–3119, 2022.","short":"C. Prehal, S. Mondal, L. Lovicar, S.A. Freunberger, ACS Energy Letters 7 (2022) 3112–3119.","ama":"Prehal C, Mondal S, Lovicar L, Freunberger SA. Exclusive solution discharge in Li-O₂ batteries? <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>. 2022;7(9):3112-3119. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01711\">10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01711</a>","apa":"Prehal, C., Mondal, S., Lovicar, L., &#38; Freunberger, S. A. (2022). Exclusive solution discharge in Li-O₂ batteries? <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01711\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01711</a>","mla":"Prehal, Christian, et al. “Exclusive Solution Discharge in Li-O₂ Batteries?” <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>, vol. 7, no. 9, American Chemical Society, 2022, pp. 3112–19, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01711\">10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01711</a>.","chicago":"Prehal, Christian, Soumyadip Mondal, Ludek Lovicar, and Stefan Alexander Freunberger. “Exclusive Solution Discharge in Li-O₂ Batteries?” <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>. American Chemical Society, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01711\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01711</a>.","ista":"Prehal C, Mondal S, Lovicar L, Freunberger SA. 2022. Exclusive solution discharge in Li-O₂ batteries? ACS Energy Letters. 7(9), 3112–3119."},"issue":"9","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"StFr"},{"_id":"EM-Fac"}],"file":[{"access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"file_name":"2022_ACSEnergyLetters_Prehal.pdf","checksum":"cf0bed3a2535c11d27244cd029dbc1d0","relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2023-01-20T08:43:51Z","file_size":3827583,"date_created":"2023-01-20T08:43:51Z","file_id":"12319"}],"month":"08"},{"status":"public","publication":"Nature Communications","date_published":"2022-10-24T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant NanoEvolution, grant agreement No 894042. The authors acknowledge the CERIC-ERIC Consortium for the access to the Austrian SAXS beamline and TU Graz for support through the Lead Project LP-03.\r\nLikewise, the use of SOMAPP Lab, a core facility supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research, the Graz University of Technology, the University of Graz, and Anton Paar GmbH is acknowledged. In addition, the authors acknowledge access to the D-22SANS beamline at the ILL neutron source. Electron microscopy measurements were performed at the Scientific Scenter for Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM) of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. C.P. and J.M.M. thank A. Senol for her support with the SANS\r\nbeamtime preparation. S.D.T, A.V. and R.D. acknowledge the financial support by the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) research core funding P2-0393 and P2-0423. Furthermore, A.V. acknowledge the funding from the Slovenian Research Agency, research project Z2−1863.\r\nS.A.F. is indebted to IST Austria for support. ","pmid":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["36280671"],"isi":["000871563700006"]},"isi":1,"year":"2022","keyword":["General Physics and Astronomy","General Biochemistry","Genetics and Molecular Biology","General Chemistry","Multidisciplinary"],"ddc":["540"],"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41467-022-33931-4","article_processing_charge":"No","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2023-08-04T09:15:31Z","_id":"12208","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","citation":{"ama":"Prehal C, von Mentlen J-M, Drvarič Talian S, et al. On the nanoscale structural evolution of solid discharge products in lithium-sulfur batteries using operando scattering. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2022;13. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33931-4\">10.1038/s41467-022-33931-4</a>","short":"C. Prehal, J.-M. von Mentlen, S. Drvarič Talian, A. Vizintin, R. Dominko, H. Amenitsch, L. Porcar, S.A. Freunberger, V. Wood, Nature Communications 13 (2022).","ieee":"C. Prehal <i>et al.</i>, “On the nanoscale structural evolution of solid discharge products in lithium-sulfur batteries using operando scattering,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 13. Springer Nature, 2022.","chicago":"Prehal, Christian, Jean-Marc von Mentlen, Sara Drvarič Talian, Alen Vizintin, Robert Dominko, Heinz Amenitsch, Lionel Porcar, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, and Vanessa Wood. “On the Nanoscale Structural Evolution of Solid Discharge Products in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Using Operando Scattering.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33931-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33931-4</a>.","ista":"Prehal C, von Mentlen J-M, Drvarič Talian S, Vizintin A, Dominko R, Amenitsch H, Porcar L, Freunberger SA, Wood V. 2022. On the nanoscale structural evolution of solid discharge products in lithium-sulfur batteries using operando scattering. Nature Communications. 13, 6326.","mla":"Prehal, Christian, et al. “On the Nanoscale Structural Evolution of Solid Discharge Products in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Using Operando Scattering.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 13, 6326, Springer Nature, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33931-4\">10.1038/s41467-022-33931-4</a>.","apa":"Prehal, C., von Mentlen, J.-M., Drvarič Talian, S., Vizintin, A., Dominko, R., Amenitsch, H., … Wood, V. (2022). On the nanoscale structural evolution of solid discharge products in lithium-sulfur batteries using operando scattering. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33931-4\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33931-4</a>"},"month":"10","article_number":"6326","file":[{"relation":"main_file","checksum":"5034336dbf0f860030ef745c08df9e0e","success":1,"file_name":"2022_NatureCommunications_Prehal.pdf","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"12411","file_size":4216931,"date_created":"2023-01-27T07:19:11Z","date_updated":"2023-01-27T07:19:11Z","creator":"dernst"}],"department":[{"_id":"StFr"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The inadequate understanding of the mechanisms that reversibly convert molecular sulfur (S) into lithium sulfide (Li<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>S) via soluble polysulfides (PSs) formation impedes the development of high-performance lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries with non-aqueous electrolyte solutions. Here, we use operando small and wide angle X-ray scattering and operando small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements to track the nucleation, growth and dissolution of solid deposits from atomic to sub-micron scales during real-time Li-S cell operation. In particular, stochastic modelling based on the SANS data allows quantifying the nanoscale phase evolution during battery cycling. We show that next to nano-crystalline Li<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>S the deposit comprises solid short-chain PSs particles. The analysis of the experimental data suggests that initially, Li<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>S<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> precipitates from the solution and then is partially converted via solid-state electroreduction to Li<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>S. We further demonstrate that mass transport, rather than electron transport through a thin passivating film, limits the discharge capacity and rate performance in Li-S cells."}],"intvolume":"        13","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2041-1723"]},"file_date_updated":"2023-01-27T07:19:11Z","title":"On the nanoscale structural evolution of solid discharge products in lithium-sulfur batteries using operando scattering","oa_version":"Published Version","author":[{"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Prehal","full_name":"Prehal, Christian"},{"last_name":"von Mentlen","full_name":"von Mentlen, Jean-Marc","first_name":"Jean-Marc"},{"last_name":"Drvarič Talian","full_name":"Drvarič Talian, Sara","first_name":"Sara"},{"last_name":"Vizintin","full_name":"Vizintin, Alen","first_name":"Alen"},{"last_name":"Dominko","full_name":"Dominko, Robert","first_name":"Robert"},{"first_name":"Heinz","full_name":"Amenitsch, Heinz","last_name":"Amenitsch"},{"last_name":"Porcar","full_name":"Porcar, Lionel","first_name":"Lionel"},{"first_name":"Stefan Alexander","orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319","last_name":"Freunberger","id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander"},{"first_name":"Vanessa","full_name":"Wood, Vanessa","last_name":"Wood"}],"scopus_import":"1","day":"24","article_type":"original","date_created":"2023-01-16T09:45:09Z","volume":13},{"month":"10","file":[{"relation":"main_file","checksum":"572d15c250ab83d44f4e2c3aeb5f7388","success":1,"file_name":"2022_AppliedEnergyMaterials_Kovacic.pdf","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"12420","date_created":"2023-01-27T09:09:15Z","file_size":13105589,"creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2023-01-27T09:09:15Z"}],"department":[{"_id":"StFr"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","issue":"11","citation":{"ama":"Kovačič S, Schafzahl B, Matsko NB, et al. Carbon foams via ring-opening metathesis polymerization of emulsion templates: A facile method to make carbon current collectors for battery applications. <i>ACS Applied Energy Materials</i>. 2022;5(11):14381-14390. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c02787\">10.1021/acsaem.2c02787</a>","short":"S. Kovačič, B. Schafzahl, N.B. Matsko, K. Gruber, M. Schmuck, S. Koller, S.A. Freunberger, C. Slugovc, ACS Applied Energy Materials 5 (2022) 14381–14390.","ieee":"S. Kovačič <i>et al.</i>, “Carbon foams via ring-opening metathesis polymerization of emulsion templates: A facile method to make carbon current collectors for battery applications,” <i>ACS Applied Energy Materials</i>, vol. 5, no. 11. American Chemical Society, pp. 14381–14390, 2022.","chicago":"Kovačič, Sebastijan, Bettina Schafzahl, Nadejda B. Matsko, Katharina Gruber, Martin Schmuck, Stefan Koller, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, and Christian Slugovc. “Carbon Foams via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Emulsion Templates: A Facile Method to Make Carbon Current Collectors for Battery Applications.” <i>ACS Applied Energy Materials</i>. American Chemical Society, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c02787\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c02787</a>.","ista":"Kovačič S, Schafzahl B, Matsko NB, Gruber K, Schmuck M, Koller S, Freunberger SA, Slugovc C. 2022. Carbon foams via ring-opening metathesis polymerization of emulsion templates: A facile method to make carbon current collectors for battery applications. ACS Applied Energy Materials. 5(11), 14381–14390.","mla":"Kovačič, Sebastijan, et al. “Carbon Foams via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Emulsion Templates: A Facile Method to Make Carbon Current Collectors for Battery Applications.” <i>ACS Applied Energy Materials</i>, vol. 5, no. 11, American Chemical Society, 2022, pp. 14381–90, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c02787\">10.1021/acsaem.2c02787</a>.","apa":"Kovačič, S., Schafzahl, B., Matsko, N. B., Gruber, K., Schmuck, M., Koller, S., … Slugovc, C. (2022). Carbon foams via ring-opening metathesis polymerization of emulsion templates: A facile method to make carbon current collectors for battery applications. <i>ACS Applied Energy Materials</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c02787\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.2c02787</a>"},"oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Carbon foams via ring-opening metathesis polymerization of emulsion templates: A facile method to make carbon current collectors for battery applications","author":[{"last_name":"Kovačič","full_name":"Kovačič, Sebastijan","first_name":"Sebastijan"},{"last_name":"Schafzahl","full_name":"Schafzahl, Bettina","first_name":"Bettina"},{"first_name":"Nadejda B.","last_name":"Matsko","full_name":"Matsko, Nadejda B."},{"last_name":"Gruber","full_name":"Gruber, Katharina","first_name":"Katharina"},{"full_name":"Schmuck, Martin","last_name":"Schmuck","first_name":"Martin"},{"first_name":"Stefan","full_name":"Koller, Stefan","last_name":"Koller"},{"first_name":"Stefan Alexander","orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319","full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander","id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","last_name":"Freunberger"},{"full_name":"Slugovc, Christian","last_name":"Slugovc","first_name":"Christian"}],"scopus_import":"1","day":"16","article_type":"original","date_created":"2023-01-16T09:48:53Z","volume":5,"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD), a thermoset with excellent mechanical properties, has enormous potential as a lightweight, tough, and stable matrix material owing to its highly cross-linked macromolecular network. This work describes generating pDCPD-based foams and hierarchically porous carbons derived therefrom by combining ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of DCPD, high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) as structural templates, and subsequent carbonization. The structure and function of the carbon foams were characterized and discussed in detail using scanning electron, transmission electron, or atomic force microscopy (SEM, TEM, AFM), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (TEM-EELS), N2 sorption, and analyses of electrical conductivity as well as mechanical properties. The resulting materials exhibited uniform, shape-retaining shrinkage of only ∼1/3 after carbonization. No structural failure was observed even when the pDCPD precursor foams were heated to 1400 °C. Instead, the high porosity, void size, and 3D interconnectivity were fully preserved, and the void diameters could be adjusted between 87 and 2.5 μm. Moreover, foams have a carbon content >97%, an electronic conductivity of up to 2800 S·m–1, a Young’s modulus of up to 2.1 GPa, and a specific surface area of up to 1200 m2·g–1. Surprisingly, the pDCPD foams were carbonized into shapes other than monoliths, such as 10’s of micron thick membranes or foamy coatings adhered to a metal foil or grid substrate. The latter coatings even adhere upon bending. Finally, as a use case, carbonized foams were applied as porous cathodes for Li–O2 batteries where the foams show a favorable combination of porosity, active surface area, and pore size for outstanding capacity."}],"intvolume":"         5","has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2574-0962"]},"file_date_updated":"2023-01-27T09:09:15Z","external_id":{"isi":["000875635900001"]},"year":"2022","isi":1,"keyword":["Electrical and Electronic Engineering","Materials Chemistry","Electrochemistry","Energy Engineering and Power Technology","Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)"],"status":"public","publication":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","date_published":"2022-10-16T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"S.K. acknowledges the financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency (grants P1-0021, P2-0150). Support by Graz University of Technology (LP-03 – Porous Materials@Work) and from VARTA Innovation GmbH is kindly acknowledged. We thank Umicore for providing the initiator and Matjaž Mazaj (National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana) and Karel Jerabek (Czech Academy of Sciences) for measurements and fruitful discussions. S.A.F. is indebted to the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy; the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (Grant No. 845364); and ISTA for support.","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acsaem.2c02787","article_processing_charge":"No","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2023-08-04T09:27:32Z","_id":"12227","ddc":["540"],"page":"14381-14390","quality_controlled":"1"},{"external_id":{"isi":["000625460400010"]},"isi":1,"year":"2021","date_published":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"M.O.T. acknowledges DST/TMD/HFC/2 K18/58, DST-SERB, MHRD fast track, and DST Nanomission forfinancialassistance. Z.M.B. acknowledges CSIR-SRF fellowship fromMHRD, India. S.A.F. acknowledges support from IST Austria.","status":"public","publication":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering","type":"journal_article","_id":"9113","date_updated":"2023-08-07T13:43:19Z","publisher":"American Chemical Society","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c07547","quality_controlled":"1","page":"3104-3111","department":[{"_id":"StFr"}],"month":"02","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","citation":{"ama":"Manzoor Bhat ZM, Thimmappa R, Dargily NC, et al. Ambient condition alcohol reforming to hydrogen with electricity output. <i>ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering</i>. 2021;9(8):3104-3111. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c07547\">10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c07547</a>","ieee":"Z. M. Manzoor Bhat <i>et al.</i>, “Ambient condition alcohol reforming to hydrogen with electricity output,” <i>ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering</i>, vol. 9, no. 8. American Chemical Society, pp. 3104–3111, 2021.","short":"Z.M. Manzoor Bhat, R. Thimmappa, N.C. Dargily, A. Raafik, A.R. Kottaichamy, M.C. Devendrachari, M. Itagi, H.  Makri Nimbegondi Kotresh, S.A. Freunberger, M. Ottakam Thotiyl, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering 9 (2021) 3104–3111.","ista":"Manzoor Bhat ZM, Thimmappa R, Dargily NC, Raafik A, Kottaichamy AR, Devendrachari MC, Itagi M,  Makri Nimbegondi Kotresh H, Freunberger SA, Ottakam Thotiyl M. 2021. Ambient condition alcohol reforming to hydrogen with electricity output. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. 9(8), 3104–3111.","chicago":"Manzoor Bhat, Zahid Manzoor, Ravikumar Thimmappa, Neethu Christudas  Dargily, Abdul  Raafik, Alagar Raja  Kottaichamy, Mruthyunjayachari Chattanahalli  Devendrachari, Mahesh Itagi, Harish  Makri Nimbegondi Kotresh, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, and Musthafa  Ottakam Thotiyl. “Ambient Condition Alcohol Reforming to Hydrogen with Electricity Output.” <i>ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering</i>. American Chemical Society, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c07547\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c07547</a>.","apa":"Manzoor Bhat, Z. M., Thimmappa, R., Dargily, N. C., Raafik, A., Kottaichamy, A. R., Devendrachari, M. C., … Ottakam Thotiyl, M. (2021). Ambient condition alcohol reforming to hydrogen with electricity output. <i>ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c07547\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c07547</a>","mla":"Manzoor Bhat, Zahid Manzoor, et al. “Ambient Condition Alcohol Reforming to Hydrogen with Electricity Output.” <i>ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering</i>, vol. 9, no. 8, American Chemical Society, 2021, pp. 3104–11, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c07547\">10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c07547</a>."},"issue":"8","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2021-02-12T09:20:18Z","article_type":"original","volume":9,"title":"Ambient condition alcohol reforming to hydrogen with electricity output","oa_version":"None","scopus_import":"1","day":"11","author":[{"first_name":"Zahid Manzoor","full_name":"Manzoor Bhat, Zahid Manzoor","last_name":"Manzoor Bhat"},{"last_name":"Thimmappa","full_name":"Thimmappa, Ravikumar","first_name":"Ravikumar"},{"first_name":"Neethu Christudas ","full_name":"Dargily, Neethu Christudas ","last_name":"Dargily"},{"last_name":"Raafik","full_name":"Raafik, Abdul ","first_name":"Abdul "},{"last_name":"Kottaichamy","full_name":"Kottaichamy, Alagar Raja ","first_name":"Alagar Raja "},{"first_name":"Mruthyunjayachari Chattanahalli ","last_name":"Devendrachari","full_name":"Devendrachari, Mruthyunjayachari Chattanahalli "},{"first_name":"Mahesh","last_name":"Itagi","full_name":"Itagi, Mahesh"},{"first_name":"Harish","full_name":" Makri Nimbegondi Kotresh, Harish","last_name":" Makri Nimbegondi Kotresh"},{"last_name":"Freunberger","id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander","orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319","first_name":"Stefan Alexander"},{"full_name":"Ottakam Thotiyl, Musthafa ","last_name":"Ottakam Thotiyl","first_name":"Musthafa "}],"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2168-0485"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"“Hydrogen economy” could enable a carbon-neutral sustainable energy chain. However, issues with safety, storage, and transport of molecular hydrogen impede its realization. Alcohols as liquid H2 carriers could be enablers, but state-of-the-art reforming is difficult, requiring high temperatures >200 °C and pressures >25 bar, and the resulting H2 is carbonized beyond tolerance levels for direct use in fuel cells. Here, we demonstrate ambient temperature and pressure alcohol reforming in a fuel cell (ARFC) with a simultaneous electrical power output. The alcohol is oxidized at the alkaline anode, where the resulting CO2 is sequestrated as carbonate. Carbon-free H2 is liberated at the acidic cathode. The neutralization energy between the alkaline anode and the acidic cathode drives the process, particularly the unusually high entropy gain (1.27-fold ΔH). The significantly positive temperature coefficient of the resulting electromotive force allows us to harvest a large fraction of the output energy from the surrounding, achieving a thermodynamic efficiency as high as 2.27. MoS2 as the cathode catalyst allows alcohol reforming even under open-air conditions, a challenge that state-of-the-art alcohol reforming failed to overcome. We further show reforming of a wide range of alcohols. The ARFC offers an unprecedented route toward hydrogen economy as CO2 is simultaneously captured and pure H2 produced at mild conditions."}],"intvolume":"         9"},{"volume":13,"article_type":"original","date_created":"2021-03-16T11:12:20Z","author":[{"last_name":"Petit","full_name":"Petit, Yann K.","first_name":"Yann K."},{"full_name":"Mourad, Eléonore","last_name":"Mourad","first_name":"Eléonore"},{"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Prehal","full_name":"Prehal, Christian"},{"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Leypold","full_name":"Leypold, Christian"},{"full_name":"Windischbacher, Andreas","last_name":"Windischbacher","first_name":"Andreas"},{"first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Mijailovic, Daniel","last_name":"Mijailovic"},{"last_name":"Slugovc","full_name":"Slugovc, Christian","first_name":"Christian"},{"first_name":"Sergey M.","full_name":"Borisov, Sergey M.","last_name":"Borisov"},{"last_name":"Zojer","full_name":"Zojer, Egbert","first_name":"Egbert"},{"last_name":"Brutti","full_name":"Brutti, Sergio","first_name":"Sergio"},{"full_name":"Fontaine, Olivier","last_name":"Fontaine","first_name":"Olivier"},{"first_name":"Stefan Alexander","orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319","full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander","id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","last_name":"Freunberger"}],"day":"15","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Submitted Version","title":"Mechanism of mediated alkali peroxide oxidation and triplet versus singlet oxygen formation","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1755-4349"],"issn":["1755-4330"]},"file_date_updated":"2021-09-16T22:30:03Z","has_accepted_license":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Aprotic alkali metal–O2 batteries face two major obstacles to their chemistry occurring efficiently, the insulating nature of the formed alkali superoxides/peroxides and parasitic reactions that are caused by the highly reactive singlet oxygen (1O2). Redox mediators are recognized to be key for improving rechargeability. However, it is unclear how they affect 1O2 formation, which hinders strategies for their improvement. Here we clarify the mechanism of mediated peroxide and superoxide oxidation and thus explain how redox mediators either enhance or suppress 1O2 formation. We show that charging commences with peroxide oxidation to a superoxide intermediate and that redox potentials above ~3.5 V versus Li/Li+ drive 1O2 evolution from superoxide oxidation, while disproportionation always generates some 1O2. We find that 1O2 suppression requires oxidation to be faster than the generation of 1O2 from disproportionation. Oxidation rates decrease with growing driving force following Marcus inverted-region behaviour, establishing a region of maximum rate."}],"intvolume":"        13","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"department":[{"_id":"StFr"}],"file":[{"date_updated":"2021-09-16T22:30:03Z","embargo":"2021-09-15","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2021-03-22T11:46:00Z","file_size":1811448,"file_id":"9276","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2021_NatureChem_Petit_acceptedVersion.pdf","checksum":"3ee3f8dd79ed1b7bb0929fce184c8012","relation":"main_file"}],"month":"03","issue":"5","citation":{"ista":"Petit YK, Mourad E, Prehal C, Leypold C, Windischbacher A, Mijailovic D, Slugovc C, Borisov SM, Zojer E, Brutti S, Fontaine O, Freunberger SA. 2021. Mechanism of mediated alkali peroxide oxidation and triplet versus singlet oxygen formation. Nature Chemistry. 13(5), 465–471.","chicago":"Petit, Yann K., Eléonore Mourad, Christian Prehal, Christian Leypold, Andreas Windischbacher, Daniel Mijailovic, Christian Slugovc, et al. “Mechanism of Mediated Alkali Peroxide Oxidation and Triplet versus Singlet Oxygen Formation.” <i>Nature Chemistry</i>. Springer Nature, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-021-00643-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-021-00643-z</a>.","apa":"Petit, Y. K., Mourad, E., Prehal, C., Leypold, C., Windischbacher, A., Mijailovic, D., … Freunberger, S. A. (2021). Mechanism of mediated alkali peroxide oxidation and triplet versus singlet oxygen formation. <i>Nature Chemistry</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-021-00643-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-021-00643-z</a>","mla":"Petit, Yann K., et al. “Mechanism of Mediated Alkali Peroxide Oxidation and Triplet versus Singlet Oxygen Formation.” <i>Nature Chemistry</i>, vol. 13, no. 5, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 465–71, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-021-00643-z\">10.1038/s41557-021-00643-z</a>.","ama":"Petit YK, Mourad E, Prehal C, et al. Mechanism of mediated alkali peroxide oxidation and triplet versus singlet oxygen formation. <i>Nature Chemistry</i>. 2021;13(5):465-471. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-021-00643-z\">10.1038/s41557-021-00643-z</a>","ieee":"Y. K. Petit <i>et al.</i>, “Mechanism of mediated alkali peroxide oxidation and triplet versus singlet oxygen formation,” <i>Nature Chemistry</i>, vol. 13, no. 5. Springer Nature, pp. 465–471, 2021.","short":"Y.K. Petit, E. Mourad, C. Prehal, C. Leypold, A. Windischbacher, D. Mijailovic, C. Slugovc, S.M. Borisov, E. Zojer, S. Brutti, O. Fontaine, S.A. Freunberger, Nature Chemistry 13 (2021) 465–471."},"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2023-09-05T15:34:44Z","_id":"9250","type":"journal_article","doi":"10.1038/s41557-021-00643-z","article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"Springer Nature","quality_controlled":"1","page":"465-471","ddc":["540"],"keyword":["General Chemistry","General Chemical Engineering"],"isi":1,"year":"2021","external_id":{"pmid":["33723377"],"isi":["000629296400001"]},"pmid":1,"acknowledgement":"S.A.F. is indebted to the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 636069) as well as IST Austria. O.F thanks the French National Research Agency (STORE-EX Labex Project ANR-10-LABX-76-01). We thank EL-Cell GmbH (Hamburg, Germany) for the pressure test cell. We thank R. Saf for help with the mass spectrometry, J. Schlegl for manufacturing instrumentation, M. Winkler of Acib GmbH, G. Strohmeier and R. Fürst for HPLC measurements and S. Mondal and S. Stadlbauer for kinetic measurements.","date_published":"2021-03-15T00:00:00Z","publication":"Nature Chemistry","status":"public"},{"date_created":"2021-03-31T07:00:01Z","article_type":"original","volume":118,"oa_version":"Preprint","title":"In situ small-angle X-ray scattering reveals solution phase discharge of Li–O2 batteries with weakly solvating electrolytes","day":"06","author":[{"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Prehal","full_name":"Prehal, Christian"},{"first_name":"Aleksej","full_name":"Samojlov, Aleksej","last_name":"Samojlov"},{"first_name":"Manfred","last_name":"Nachtnebel","full_name":"Nachtnebel, Manfred"},{"last_name":"Lovicar","full_name":"Lovicar, Ludek","id":"36DB3A20-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Ludek","orcid":"0000-0001-6206-4200"},{"first_name":"Manfred","full_name":"Kriechbaum, Manfred","last_name":"Kriechbaum"},{"first_name":"Heinz","last_name":"Amenitsch","full_name":"Amenitsch, Heinz"},{"last_name":"Freunberger","id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander","first_name":"Stefan Alexander","orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319"}],"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0027-8424"],"eissn":["1091-6490"]},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"EM-Fac"}],"intvolume":"       118","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Electrodepositing insulating lithium peroxide (Li2O2) is the key process during discharge of aprotic Li–O2 batteries and determines rate, capacity, and reversibility. Current understanding states that the partition between surface adsorbed and dissolved lithium superoxide governs whether Li2O2 grows as a conformal surface film or larger particles, leading to low or high capacities, respectively. However, better understanding governing factors for Li2O2 packing density and capacity requires structural sensitive in situ metrologies. Here, we establish in situ small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) as a suitable method to record the Li2O2 phase evolution with atomic to submicrometer resolution during cycling a custom-built in situ Li–O2 cell. Combined with sophisticated data analysis, SAXS allows retrieving rich quantitative structural information from complex multiphase systems. Surprisingly, we find that features are absent that would point at a Li2O2 surface film formed via two consecutive electron transfers, even in poorly solvating electrolytes thought to be prototypical for surface growth. All scattering data can be modeled by stacks of thin Li2O2 platelets potentially forming large toroidal particles. Li2O2 solution growth is further justified by rotating ring-disk electrode measurements and electron microscopy. Higher discharge overpotentials lead to smaller Li2O2 particles, but there is no transition to an electronically passivating, conformal Li2O2 coating. Hence, mass transport of reactive species rather than electronic transport through a Li2O2 film limits the discharge capacity. Provided that species mobilities and carbon surface areas are high, this allows for high discharge capacities even in weakly solvating electrolytes. The currently accepted Li–O2 reaction mechanism ought to be reconsidered."}],"article_number":"e2021893118","department":[{"_id":"StFr"},{"_id":"EM-Fac"}],"month":"04","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","citation":{"chicago":"Prehal, Christian, Aleksej Samojlov, Manfred Nachtnebel, Ludek Lovicar, Manfred Kriechbaum, Heinz Amenitsch, and Stefan Alexander Freunberger. “In Situ Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Reveals Solution Phase Discharge of Li–O2 Batteries with Weakly Solvating Electrolytes.” <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. National Academy of Sciences, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021893118\">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021893118</a>.","ista":"Prehal C, Samojlov A, Nachtnebel M, Lovicar L, Kriechbaum M, Amenitsch H, Freunberger SA. 2021. In situ small-angle X-ray scattering reveals solution phase discharge of Li–O2 batteries with weakly solvating electrolytes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 118(14), e2021893118.","mla":"Prehal, Christian, et al. “In Situ Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Reveals Solution Phase Discharge of Li–O2 Batteries with Weakly Solvating Electrolytes.” <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>, vol. 118, no. 14, e2021893118, National Academy of Sciences, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021893118\">10.1073/pnas.2021893118</a>.","apa":"Prehal, C., Samojlov, A., Nachtnebel, M., Lovicar, L., Kriechbaum, M., Amenitsch, H., &#38; Freunberger, S. A. (2021). In situ small-angle X-ray scattering reveals solution phase discharge of Li–O2 batteries with weakly solvating electrolytes. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. National Academy of Sciences. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021893118\">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021893118</a>","ama":"Prehal C, Samojlov A, Nachtnebel M, et al. In situ small-angle X-ray scattering reveals solution phase discharge of Li–O2 batteries with weakly solvating electrolytes. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. 2021;118(14). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021893118\">10.1073/pnas.2021893118</a>","short":"C. Prehal, A. Samojlov, M. Nachtnebel, L. Lovicar, M. Kriechbaum, H. Amenitsch, S.A. Freunberger, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118 (2021).","ieee":"C. Prehal <i>et al.</i>, “In situ small-angle X-ray scattering reveals solution phase discharge of Li–O2 batteries with weakly solvating electrolytes,” <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>, vol. 118, no. 14. National Academy of Sciences, 2021."},"issue":"14","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"type":"journal_article","_id":"9301","date_updated":"2023-09-05T13:27:18Z","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2021893118","quality_controlled":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.11447775","open_access":"1"}],"keyword":["small-angle X-ray scattering","oxygen reduction","disproportionation","Li-air battery"],"external_id":{"isi":["000637398300050"]},"year":"2021","isi":1,"acknowledgement":"S.A.F. and C.P. are indebted to the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No. 636069), the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy, and the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (Grant No. 845364). We acknowledge A. Zankel and H. Schroettner for support with SEM measurements. C.P. thanks N. Kostoglou, C. Koczwara, M. Hartmann, and M. Burian for discussions on gas sorption analysis, C++ programming, Monte Carlo modeling, and in situ SAXS experiments, respectively. We thank S. Stadlbauer for help with Karl Fischer titration, R. Riccò for gas sorption measurements, and acknowledge Graz University of Technology for support through the Lead Project LP-03. Likewise, the use of SOMAPP Lab, a core facility supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research, the Graz University of Technology, the University of Graz, and Anton Paar GmbH is acknowledged. S.A.F. is indebted to Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria) for support. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided by the Electron Microscopy Facility.","date_published":"2021-04-06T00:00:00Z","status":"public","publication":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"article_number":"050550","department":[{"_id":"StFr"}],"month":"05","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","citation":{"ama":"Maffre M, Bouchal R, Freunberger SA, et al. Investigation of electrochemical and chemical processes occurring at positive potentials in “Water-in-Salt” electrolytes. <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>. 2021;168(5). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300\">10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300</a>","short":"M. Maffre, R. Bouchal, S.A. Freunberger, N. Lindahl, P. Johansson, F. Favier, O. Fontaine, D. Bélanger, Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168 (2021).","ieee":"M. Maffre <i>et al.</i>, “Investigation of electrochemical and chemical processes occurring at positive potentials in ‘Water-in-Salt’ electrolytes,” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>, vol. 168, no. 5. IOP Publishing, 2021.","ista":"Maffre M, Bouchal R, Freunberger SA, Lindahl N, Johansson P, Favier F, Fontaine O, Bélanger D. 2021. Investigation of electrochemical and chemical processes occurring at positive potentials in “Water-in-Salt” electrolytes. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 168(5), 050550.","chicago":"Maffre, Marion, Roza Bouchal, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, Niklas Lindahl, Patrik Johansson, Frédéric Favier, Olivier Fontaine, and Daniel Bélanger. “Investigation of Electrochemical and Chemical Processes Occurring at Positive Potentials in ‘Water-in-Salt’ Electrolytes.” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>. IOP Publishing, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300\">https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300</a>.","mla":"Maffre, Marion, et al. “Investigation of Electrochemical and Chemical Processes Occurring at Positive Potentials in ‘Water-in-Salt’ Electrolytes.” <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>, vol. 168, no. 5, 050550, IOP Publishing, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300\">10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300</a>.","apa":"Maffre, M., Bouchal, R., Freunberger, S. A., Lindahl, N., Johansson, P., Favier, F., … Bélanger, D. (2021). Investigation of electrochemical and chemical processes occurring at positive potentials in “Water-in-Salt” electrolytes. <i>Journal of The Electrochemical Society</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300\">https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300</a>"},"issue":"5","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2021-06-03T09:58:38Z","volume":168,"title":"Investigation of electrochemical and chemical processes occurring at positive potentials in “Water-in-Salt” electrolytes","oa_version":"None","day":"01","author":[{"first_name":"Marion","full_name":"Maffre, Marion","last_name":"Maffre"},{"first_name":"Roza","full_name":"Bouchal, Roza","last_name":"Bouchal"},{"id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander","last_name":"Freunberger","orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319","first_name":"Stefan Alexander"},{"last_name":"Lindahl","full_name":"Lindahl, Niklas","first_name":"Niklas"},{"full_name":"Johansson, Patrik","last_name":"Johansson","first_name":"Patrik"},{"last_name":"Favier","full_name":"Favier, Frédéric","first_name":"Frédéric"},{"first_name":"Olivier","full_name":"Fontaine, Olivier","last_name":"Fontaine"},{"last_name":"Bélanger","full_name":"Bélanger, Daniel","first_name":"Daniel"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1945-7111"],"issn":["0013-4651"]},"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"       168","abstract":[{"text":"Lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) based water-in-salt electrolytes (WiSEs) has recently emerged as a new promising class of electrolytes, primarily owing to their wide electrochemical stability windows (~3–4 V), that by far exceed the thermodynamic stability window of water (1.23 V). Upon increasing the salt concentration towards superconcentration the onset of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) shifts more significantly than the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) does. The OER shift has been explained by the accumulation of hydrophobic anions blocking water access to the electrode surface, hence by double layer theory. Here we demonstrate that the processes during oxidation are much more complex, involving OER, carbon and salt decomposition by OER intermediates, and salt precipitation upon local oversaturation. The positive shift in the onset potential of oxidation currents was elucidated by combining several advanced analysis techniques: rotating ring-disk electrode voltammetry, online electrochemical mass spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, using both dilute and superconcentrated electrolytes. The results demonstrate the importance of reactive OER intermediates and surface films for electrolyte and electrode stability and motivate further studies of the nature of the electrode.","lang":"eng"}],"keyword":["Renewable Energy","Sustainability and the Environment","Electrochemistry","Materials Chemistry","Electronic","Optical and Magnetic Materials","Surfaces","Coatings and Films","Condensed Matter Physics"],"external_id":{"isi":["000657724200001"]},"isi":1,"year":"2021","date_published":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","status":"public","publication":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","type":"journal_article","_id":"9447","date_updated":"2023-09-05T13:25:30Z","publisher":"IOP Publishing","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300","quality_controlled":"1"},{"publisher":"Research Square","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-750965/v1","article_processing_charge":"No","type":"preprint","date_updated":"2023-10-17T13:06:29Z","_id":"9978","ddc":["541"],"page":"21","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"later_version","status":"public","id":"10813"}]},"year":"2021","keyword":["Catalysis","Energy engineering","Materials theory and modeling"],"publication":"Research Square","status":"public","acknowledgement":"This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51773092, 21975124, 11874254, 51802187, U2030206). S.A.F. is indebted to IST Austria for support. ","date_published":"2021-08-18T00:00:00Z","title":"Sharp kinetic acceleration potentials during mediated redox catalysis of insulators","oa_version":"Preprint","author":[{"first_name":"Deqing","full_name":"Cao, Deqing","last_name":"Cao"},{"first_name":"Xiaoxiao","last_name":"Shen","full_name":"Shen, Xiaoxiao"},{"last_name":"Wang","full_name":"Wang, Aiping","first_name":"Aiping"},{"full_name":"Yu, Fengjiao","last_name":"Yu","first_name":"Fengjiao"},{"first_name":"Yuping","full_name":"Wu, Yuping","last_name":"Wu"},{"last_name":"Shi","full_name":"Shi, Siqi","first_name":"Siqi"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319","first_name":"Stefan Alexander","full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander","id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","last_name":"Freunberger"},{"full_name":"Chen, Yuhui","last_name":"Chen","first_name":"Yuhui"}],"day":"18","date_created":"2021-08-31T12:54:16Z","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Redox mediators could catalyse otherwise slow and energy-inefficient cycling of Li-S and Li-O 2 batteries by shuttling electrons/holes between the electrode and the solid insulating storage materials. For mediators to work efficiently they need to oxidize the solid with fast kinetics yet the lowest possible overpotential. Here, we found that when the redox potentials of mediators are tuned via, e.g., Li + concentration in the electrolyte, they exhibit distinct threshold potentials, where the kinetics accelerate several-fold within a range as small as 10 mV. This phenomenon is independent of types of mediators and electrolyte. The acceleration originates from the overpotentials required to activate fast Li + /e – extraction and the following chemical step at specific abundant surface facets. Efficient redox catalysis at insulating solids requires therefore carefully considering the surface conditions of the storage materials and electrolyte-dependent redox potentials, which may be tuned by salt concentrations or solvents."}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"has_accepted_license":"1","publication_status":"submitted","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2693-5015"]},"file_date_updated":"2021-08-31T14:02:19Z","month":"08","file":[{"relation":"main_file","checksum":"1878e91c29d5769ed5a827b0b7addf00","success":1,"file_name":"2021_ResearchSquare_Cao.pdf","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"9979","date_created":"2021-08-31T14:02:19Z","file_size":1019662,"creator":"cchlebak","date_updated":"2021-08-31T14:02:19Z"}],"department":[{"_id":"StFr"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"apa":"Cao, D., Shen, X., Wang, A., Yu, F., Wu, Y., Shi, S., … Chen, Y. (n.d.). Sharp kinetic acceleration potentials during mediated redox catalysis of insulators. <i>Research Square</i>. Research Square. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-750965/v1\">https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-750965/v1</a>","mla":"Cao, Deqing, et al. “Sharp Kinetic Acceleration Potentials during Mediated Redox Catalysis of Insulators.” <i>Research Square</i>, Research Square, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-750965/v1\">10.21203/rs.3.rs-750965/v1</a>.","chicago":"Cao, Deqing, Xiaoxiao Shen, Aiping Wang, Fengjiao Yu, Yuping Wu, Siqi Shi, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, and Yuhui Chen. “Sharp Kinetic Acceleration Potentials during Mediated Redox Catalysis of Insulators.” <i>Research Square</i>. Research Square, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-750965/v1\">https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-750965/v1</a>.","ista":"Cao D, Shen X, Wang A, Yu F, Wu Y, Shi S, Freunberger SA, Chen Y. Sharp kinetic acceleration potentials during mediated redox catalysis of insulators. Research Square, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-750965/v1\">10.21203/rs.3.rs-750965/v1</a>.","ieee":"D. Cao <i>et al.</i>, “Sharp kinetic acceleration potentials during mediated redox catalysis of insulators,” <i>Research Square</i>. Research Square.","short":"D. Cao, X. Shen, A. Wang, F. Yu, Y. Wu, S. Shi, S.A. Freunberger, Y. Chen, Research Square (n.d.).","ama":"Cao D, Shen X, Wang A, et al. Sharp kinetic acceleration potentials during mediated redox catalysis of insulators. <i>Research Square</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-750965/v1\">10.21203/rs.3.rs-750965/v1</a>"}},{"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1","author":[{"full_name":"Prehal, Christian","last_name":"Prehal","first_name":"Christian"},{"full_name":"Talian, Sara Drvarič","last_name":"Talian","first_name":"Sara Drvarič"},{"first_name":"Alen","full_name":"Vizintin, Alen","last_name":"Vizintin"},{"full_name":"Amenitsch, Heinz","last_name":"Amenitsch","first_name":"Heinz"},{"last_name":"Dominko","full_name":"Dominko, Robert","first_name":"Robert"},{"id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander","last_name":"Freunberger","orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319","first_name":"Stefan Alexander"},{"last_name":"Wood","full_name":"Wood, Vanessa","first_name":"Vanessa"}],"day":"16","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Preprint","title":"Mechanism of Li2S formation and dissolution in Lithium-Sulphur batteries","date_updated":"2021-12-03T10:35:42Z","_id":"9980","type":"preprint","date_created":"2021-09-02T08:45:00Z","page":"21","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Insufficient understanding of the mechanism that reversibly converts sulphur into lithium sulphide (Li2S) via soluble polysulphides (PS) hampers the realization of high performance lithium-sulphur cells. Typically Li2S formation is explained by direct electroreduction of a PS to Li2S; however, this is not consistent with the size of the insulating Li2S deposits. Here, we use in situ small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) to track the growth and dissolution of crystalline and amorphous deposits from atomic to sub-micron scales during charge and discharge. Stochastic modelling based on the SAXS data allows quantification of the chemical phase evolution during discharge and charge. We show that Li2S deposits predominantly via disproportionation of transient, solid Li2S2 to form primary Li2S crystallites and solid Li2S4 particles. We further demonstrate that this process happens in reverse during charge. These findings show that the discharge capacity and rate capability in Li-S battery cathodes are therefore limited by mass transport through the increasingly tortuous network of Li2S / Li2S4 / carbon pores rather than electron transport through a passivating surface film."}],"ddc":["621"],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-818607/v1"}],"publication_status":"submitted","year":"2021","month":"08","department":[{"_id":"StFr"}],"keyword":["Li2S","Lithium Sulphur Batteries","SAXS","WAXS"],"oa":1,"publication":"Research Square","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","citation":{"apa":"Prehal, C., Talian, S. D., Vizintin, A., Amenitsch, H., Dominko, R., Freunberger, S. A., &#38; Wood, V. (n.d.). Mechanism of Li2S formation and dissolution in Lithium-Sulphur batteries. <i>Research Square</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1\">https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1</a>","mla":"Prehal, Christian, et al. “Mechanism of Li2S Formation and Dissolution in Lithium-Sulphur Batteries.” <i>Research Square</i>, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1\">10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1</a>.","chicago":"Prehal, Christian, Sara Drvarič Talian, Alen Vizintin, Heinz Amenitsch, Robert Dominko, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, and Vanessa Wood. “Mechanism of Li2S Formation and Dissolution in Lithium-Sulphur Batteries.” <i>Research Square</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1\">https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1</a>.","ista":"Prehal C, Talian SD, Vizintin A, Amenitsch H, Dominko R, Freunberger SA, Wood V. Mechanism of Li2S formation and dissolution in Lithium-Sulphur batteries. Research Square, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1\">10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1</a>.","ieee":"C. Prehal <i>et al.</i>, “Mechanism of Li2S formation and dissolution in Lithium-Sulphur batteries,” <i>Research Square</i>. .","short":"C. Prehal, S.D. Talian, A. Vizintin, H. Amenitsch, R. Dominko, S.A. Freunberger, V. Wood, Research Square (n.d.).","ama":"Prehal C, Talian SD, Vizintin A, et al. Mechanism of Li2S formation and dissolution in Lithium-Sulphur batteries. <i>Research Square</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1\">10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1</a>"},"date_published":"2021-08-16T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant NanoEvolution, grant agreement No 894042. The authors acknowledge TU Graz for support through the Lead Project LP-03. Likewise, the use of SOMAPP Lab, a core facility supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research, the Graz University\r\n6 of Technology, the University of Graz, and Anton Paar GmbH is acknowledged. S.D.T, A.V. and R.D. acknowledge the financial support by the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) research core funding P2-0393. Furthermore, A.V. acknowledge the funding from the Slovenian Research Agency, research project Z2-1863. S.A.F. is indebted to IST Austria for support. ","user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9"},{"oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"ama":"Bouchal R, Li Z, Bongu C, et al. Competitive salt precipitation/dissolution during free‐water reduction in water‐in‐salt electrolyte. <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. 2020;59(37):15913-1591. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202005378\">10.1002/anie.202005378</a>","short":"R. Bouchal, Z. Li, C. Bongu, S. Le Vot, R. Berthelot, B. Rotenberg, F. Favier, S.A. Freunberger, M. Salanne, O. Fontaine, Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59 (2020) 15913–1591.","ieee":"R. Bouchal <i>et al.</i>, “Competitive salt precipitation/dissolution during free‐water reduction in water‐in‐salt electrolyte,” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>, vol. 59, no. 37. Wiley, pp. 15913–1591, 2020.","chicago":"Bouchal, Roza, Zhujie Li, Chandra Bongu, Steven Le Vot, Romain Berthelot, Benjamin Rotenberg, Fréderic Favier, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, Mathieu Salanne, and Olivier Fontaine. “Competitive Salt Precipitation/Dissolution during Free‐water Reduction in Water‐in‐salt Electrolyte.” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. Wiley, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202005378\">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202005378</a>.","ista":"Bouchal R, Li Z, Bongu C, Le Vot S, Berthelot R, Rotenberg B, Favier F, Freunberger SA, Salanne M, Fontaine O. 2020. Competitive salt precipitation/dissolution during free‐water reduction in water‐in‐salt electrolyte. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 59(37), 15913–1591.","mla":"Bouchal, Roza, et al. “Competitive Salt Precipitation/Dissolution during Free‐water Reduction in Water‐in‐salt Electrolyte.” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>, vol. 59, no. 37, Wiley, 2020, pp. 15913–1591, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202005378\">10.1002/anie.202005378</a>.","apa":"Bouchal, R., Li, Z., Bongu, C., Le Vot, S., Berthelot, R., Rotenberg, B., … Fontaine, O. (2020). Competitive salt precipitation/dissolution during free‐water reduction in water‐in‐salt electrolyte. <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202005378\">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202005378</a>"},"issue":"37","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","month":"09","department":[{"_id":"StFr"}],"file":[{"file_id":"8400","date_created":"2020-09-17T08:57:16Z","file_size":1966184,"date_updated":"2020-09-17T08:57:16Z","creator":"dernst","relation":"main_file","checksum":"7b6c2fc20e9b0ff4353352f7a7004e2d","success":1,"file_name":"2020_AngChemieINT_Buchal.pdf","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Water-in-salt electrolytes based on highly concentrated bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonimide (TFSI) promise aqueous electrolytes with stabilities nearing 3 V. However, especially with an electrode approaching the cathodic (reductive) stability, cycling stability is insufficient. While stability critically relies on a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), the mechanism behind the cathodic stability limit remains unclear. Here, we reveal two distinct reduction potentials for the chemical environments of 'free' and 'bound' water and that both contribute to SEI formation. Free-water is reduced ~1V above bound water in a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and responsible for SEI formation via reactive intermediates of the HER; concurrent LiTFSI precipitation/dissolution establishes a dynamic interface. The free-water population emerges, therefore, as the handle to extend the cathodic limit of aqueous electrolytes and the battery cycling stability. "}],"intvolume":"        59","file_date_updated":"2020-09-17T08:57:16Z","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1521-3773"],"issn":["1433-7851"]},"day":"07","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Bouchal, Roza","last_name":"Bouchal","first_name":"Roza"},{"first_name":"Zhujie","last_name":"Li","full_name":"Li, Zhujie"},{"first_name":"Chandra","last_name":"Bongu","full_name":"Bongu, Chandra"},{"first_name":"Steven","last_name":"Le Vot","full_name":"Le Vot, Steven"},{"first_name":"Romain","full_name":"Berthelot, Romain","last_name":"Berthelot"},{"first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Rotenberg","full_name":"Rotenberg, Benjamin"},{"full_name":"Favier, Fréderic","last_name":"Favier","first_name":"Fréderic"},{"id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander","last_name":"Freunberger","orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319","first_name":"Stefan Alexander"},{"first_name":"Mathieu","last_name":"Salanne","full_name":"Salanne, Mathieu"},{"first_name":"Olivier","last_name":"Fontaine","full_name":"Fontaine, Olivier"}],"title":"Competitive salt precipitation/dissolution during free‐water reduction in water‐in‐salt electrolyte","oa_version":"Published Version","volume":59,"date_created":"2020-05-14T21:00:30Z","article_type":"original","status":"public","publication":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","pmid":1,"date_published":"2020-09-07T00:00:00Z","year":"2020","isi":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000541488700001"],"pmid":["32390281"]},"page":"15913-1591","ddc":["540","546"],"quality_controlled":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1002/anie.202005378","publisher":"Wiley","_id":"7847","date_updated":"2023-09-05T16:02:53Z","type":"journal_article"},{"year":"2020","isi":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["32134255"],"isi":["000555413600008"]},"pmid":1,"date_published":"2020-03-05T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"S.A.F. is indebted to the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s\r\nHorizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 636069).","publication":"Chemical Reviews","status":"public","_id":"7985","date_updated":"2023-09-05T12:04:28Z","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00609","publisher":"American Chemical Society","quality_controlled":"1","page":"6626-6683","ddc":["540"],"department":[{"_id":"StFr"}],"file":[{"access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"ChemRev_final.pdf","checksum":"1a683353d46c5841c8bb2ee0a56ac7be","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:06Z","creator":"sfreunbe","file_size":8525678,"date_created":"2020-06-29T16:36:01Z","file_id":"8060"}],"month":"03","citation":{"apa":"Kwak, W., Sharon, D., Xia, C., Kim, H., Johnson, L., Bruce, P., … Aurbach, D. (2020). Lithium-oxygen batteries and related systems: Potential, status, and future. <i>Chemical Reviews</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00609\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00609</a>","mla":"Kwak, WJ, et al. “Lithium-Oxygen Batteries and Related Systems: Potential, Status, and Future.” <i>Chemical Reviews</i>, vol. 120, no. 14, American Chemical Society, 2020, pp. 6626–83, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00609\">10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00609</a>.","ista":"Kwak W, Sharon D, Xia C, Kim H, Johnson L, Bruce P, Nazar L, Sun Y, Frimer A, Noked M, Freunberger SA, Aurbach D. 2020. Lithium-oxygen batteries and related systems: Potential, status, and future. Chemical Reviews. 120(14), 6626–6683.","chicago":"Kwak, WJ, D Sharon, C Xia, H Kim, LR Johnson, PG Bruce, LF Nazar, et al. “Lithium-Oxygen Batteries and Related Systems: Potential, Status, and Future.” <i>Chemical Reviews</i>. American Chemical Society, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00609\">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00609</a>.","ieee":"W. Kwak <i>et al.</i>, “Lithium-oxygen batteries and related systems: Potential, status, and future,” <i>Chemical Reviews</i>, vol. 120, no. 14. American Chemical Society, pp. 6626–6683, 2020.","short":"W. Kwak, D. Sharon, C. Xia, H. Kim, L. Johnson, P. Bruce, L. Nazar, Y. Sun, A. Frimer, M. Noked, S.A. Freunberger, D. Aurbach, Chemical Reviews 120 (2020) 6626–6683.","ama":"Kwak W, Sharon D, Xia C, et al. Lithium-oxygen batteries and related systems: Potential, status, and future. <i>Chemical Reviews</i>. 2020;120(14):6626-6683. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00609\">10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00609</a>"},"issue":"14","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":120,"date_created":"2020-06-19T08:42:47Z","article_type":"review","day":"05","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"first_name":"WJ","full_name":"Kwak, WJ","last_name":"Kwak"},{"last_name":"Sharon","full_name":"Sharon, D","first_name":"D"},{"first_name":"C","full_name":"Xia, C","last_name":"Xia"},{"full_name":"Kim, H","last_name":"Kim","first_name":"H"},{"first_name":"LR","last_name":"Johnson","full_name":"Johnson, LR"},{"first_name":"PG","last_name":"Bruce","full_name":"Bruce, PG"},{"full_name":"Nazar, LF","last_name":"Nazar","first_name":"LF"},{"first_name":"YK","last_name":"Sun","full_name":"Sun, YK"},{"first_name":"AA","full_name":"Frimer, AA","last_name":"Frimer"},{"first_name":"M","full_name":"Noked, M","last_name":"Noked"},{"last_name":"Freunberger","full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander","id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","first_name":"Stefan Alexander","orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319"},{"full_name":"Aurbach, D","last_name":"Aurbach","first_name":"D"}],"oa_version":"Submitted Version","title":"Lithium-oxygen batteries and related systems: Potential, status, and future","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:06Z","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1520-6890"],"issn":["0009-2665"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","abstract":[{"text":"The goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C requires a drastic reduction in CO2 emissions across many sectors of the world economy. Batteries are vital to this endeavor, whether used in electric vehicles, to store renewable electricity, or in aviation. Present lithium-ion technologies are preparing the public for this inevitable change, but their maximum theoretical specific capacity presents a limitation. Their high cost is another concern for commercial viability. Metal–air batteries have the highest theoretical energy density of all possible secondary battery technologies and could yield step changes in energy storage, if their practical difficulties could be overcome. The scope of this review is to provide an objective, comprehensive, and authoritative assessment of the intensive work invested in nonaqueous rechargeable metal–air batteries over the past few years, which identified the key problems and guides directions to solve them. We focus primarily on the challenges and outlook for Li–O2 cells but include Na–O2, K–O2, and Mg–O2 cells for comparison. Our review highlights the interdisciplinary nature of this field that involves a combination of materials chemistry, electrochemistry, computation, microscopy, spectroscopy, and surface science. The mechanisms of O2 reduction and evolution are considered in the light of recent findings, along with developments in positive and negative electrodes, electrolytes, electrocatalysis on surfaces and in solution, and the degradative effect of singlet oxygen, which is typically formed in Li–O2 cells.","lang":"eng"}],"intvolume":"       120"},{"citation":{"ama":"Bouchal R, Li Z, Bongu C, et al. Competitive salt precipitation/dissolution during free‐water reduction in water‐in‐salt electrolyte. <i>Angewandte Chemie</i>. 2020;132(37):16047-16051. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202005378\">10.1002/ange.202005378</a>","ieee":"R. Bouchal <i>et al.</i>, “Competitive salt precipitation/dissolution during free‐water reduction in water‐in‐salt electrolyte,” <i>Angewandte Chemie</i>, vol. 132, no. 37. Wiley, pp. 16047–16051, 2020.","short":"R. Bouchal, Z. Li, C. Bongu, S. Le Vot, R. Berthelot, B. Rotenberg, F. Favier, S.A. Freunberger, M. Salanne, O. Fontaine, Angewandte Chemie 132 (2020) 16047–16051.","chicago":"Bouchal, Roza, Zhujie Li, Chandra Bongu, Steven Le Vot, Romain Berthelot, Benjamin Rotenberg, Frederic Favier, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, Mathieu Salanne, and Olivier Fontaine. “Competitive Salt Precipitation/Dissolution during Free‐water Reduction in Water‐in‐salt Electrolyte.” <i>Angewandte Chemie</i>. Wiley, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202005378\">https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202005378</a>.","ista":"Bouchal R, Li Z, Bongu C, Le Vot S, Berthelot R, Rotenberg B, Favier F, Freunberger SA, Salanne M, Fontaine O. 2020. Competitive salt precipitation/dissolution during free‐water reduction in water‐in‐salt electrolyte. Angewandte Chemie. 132(37), 16047–16051.","apa":"Bouchal, R., Li, Z., Bongu, C., Le Vot, S., Berthelot, R., Rotenberg, B., … Fontaine, O. (2020). Competitive salt precipitation/dissolution during free‐water reduction in water‐in‐salt electrolyte. <i>Angewandte Chemie</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202005378\">https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202005378</a>","mla":"Bouchal, Roza, et al. “Competitive Salt Precipitation/Dissolution during Free‐water Reduction in Water‐in‐salt Electrolyte.” <i>Angewandte Chemie</i>, vol. 132, no. 37, Wiley, 2020, pp. 16047–51, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202005378\">10.1002/ange.202005378</a>."},"issue":"37","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"StFr"}],"file":[{"date_updated":"2020-09-17T08:59:43Z","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2020-09-17T08:59:43Z","file_size":1904552,"file_id":"8401","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"file_name":"2020_AngChemieDE_Bouchal.pdf","checksum":"7dd0a56f6bd5de08ea75b1ec388c91bc","relation":"main_file"}],"month":"09","file_date_updated":"2020-09-17T08:59:43Z","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0044-8249"],"eissn":["1521-3757"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"intvolume":"       132","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Water-in-salt electrolytes based on highly concentrated bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonimide (TFSI) promise aqueous electrolytes with stabilities approaching 3 V. However, especially with an electrode approaching the cathodic (reductive) stability, cycling stability is insufficient. While stability critically relies on a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), the mechanism behind the cathodic stability limit remains unclear. Here, we reveal two distinct reduction potentials for the chemical environments of ‘free’ and ‘bound’ water and that both contribute to SEI formation. Free-water is reduced ~1V above bound water in a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and responsible for SEI formation via reactive intermediates of the HER; concurrent LiTFSI precipitation/dissolution establishes a dynamic interface. The free-water population emerges, therefore, as the handle to extend the cathodic limit of aqueous electrolytes and the battery cycling stability."}],"volume":132,"date_created":"2020-06-29T16:15:49Z","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","day":"07","author":[{"first_name":"Roza","full_name":"Bouchal, Roza","last_name":"Bouchal"},{"first_name":"Zhujie","last_name":"Li","full_name":"Li, Zhujie"},{"last_name":"Bongu","full_name":"Bongu, Chandra","first_name":"Chandra"},{"first_name":"Steven","full_name":"Le Vot, Steven","last_name":"Le Vot"},{"full_name":"Berthelot, Romain","last_name":"Berthelot","first_name":"Romain"},{"full_name":"Rotenberg, Benjamin","last_name":"Rotenberg","first_name":"Benjamin"},{"full_name":"Favier, Frederic","last_name":"Favier","first_name":"Frederic"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319","first_name":"Stefan Alexander","last_name":"Freunberger","id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander"},{"last_name":"Salanne","full_name":"Salanne, Mathieu","first_name":"Mathieu"},{"first_name":"Olivier","last_name":"Fontaine","full_name":"Fontaine, Olivier"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Competitive salt precipitation/dissolution during free‐water reduction in water‐in‐salt electrolyte","date_published":"2020-09-07T00:00:00Z","publication":"Angewandte Chemie","status":"public","year":"2020","quality_controlled":"1","page":"16047-16051","ddc":["540","541"],"_id":"8057","date_updated":"2023-09-05T15:47:50Z","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1002/ange.202005378","publisher":"Wiley"},{"date_published":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","status":"public","keyword":["Battery","Lithium metal","Lithium-sulphur","Lithium-air","All-solid-state"],"year":"2020","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"8361","status":"public","relation":"later_version"}]},"page":"63","ddc":["540"],"_id":"8067","date_updated":"2023-08-22T09:20:36Z","type":"technical_report","article_processing_charge":"No","alternative_title":["IST Austria Technical Report"],"doi":"10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067","publisher":"IST Austria","citation":{"short":"A. Varzi, K. Thanner, R. Scipioni, D. Di Lecce, J. Hassoun, S. Dörfler, H. Altheus, S. Kaskel, C. Prehal, S.A. Freunberger, Current Status and Future Perspectives of Lithium Metal Batteries, IST Austria, n.d.","ieee":"A. Varzi <i>et al.</i>, <i>Current status and future perspectives of Lithium metal batteries</i>. IST Austria.","ama":"Varzi A, Thanner K, Scipioni R, et al. <i>Current Status and Future Perspectives of Lithium Metal Batteries</i>. IST Austria doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067</a>","mla":"Varzi, Alberto, et al. <i>Current Status and Future Perspectives of Lithium Metal Batteries</i>. IST Austria, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067\">10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067</a>.","apa":"Varzi, A., Thanner, K., Scipioni, R., Di Lecce, D., Hassoun, J., Dörfler, S., … Freunberger, S. A. (n.d.). <i>Current status and future perspectives of Lithium metal batteries</i>. IST Austria. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067</a>","chicago":"Varzi, Alberto, Katharina Thanner, Roberto Scipioni, Daniele Di Lecce, Jusef Hassoun, Susanne Dörfler, Holger Altheus, Stefan Kaskel, Christian Prehal, and Stefan Alexander Freunberger. <i>Current Status and Future Perspectives of Lithium Metal Batteries</i>. IST Austria, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067\">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067</a>.","ista":"Varzi A, Thanner K, Scipioni R, Di Lecce D, Hassoun J, Dörfler S, Altheus H, Kaskel S, Prehal C, Freunberger SA. Current status and future perspectives of Lithium metal batteries, IST Austria, 63p."},"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"StFr"}],"file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"20200612_JPS_review_Li_metal_submitted.pdf","checksum":"d183ca1465a1cbb4f8db27875cd156f7","relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:08Z","file_size":2612498,"date_created":"2020-07-02T07:36:04Z","file_id":"8076"}],"month":"07","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:08Z","publication_status":"submitted","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2664-1690"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","abstract":[{"text":"With the lithium-ion technology approaching its intrinsic limit with graphite-based anodes, lithium metal is recently receiving renewed interest from the battery community as potential high capacity anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries. In this focus paper, we review the main advances in this field since the first attempts in the\r\nmid-1970s. Strategies for enabling reversible cycling and avoiding dendrite growth are thoroughly discussed, including specific applications in all-solid-state (polymeric and inorganic), Lithium-sulphur and Li-O2 (air) batteries. A particular attention is paid to review recent developments in regard of prototype manufacturing and current state-ofthe-art of these battery technologies with respect to the 2030 targets of the EU Integrated Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) Action 7.","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2020-06-30T07:37:39Z","day":"01","author":[{"first_name":"Alberto","full_name":"Varzi, Alberto","last_name":"Varzi"},{"first_name":"Katharina","last_name":"Thanner","full_name":"Thanner, Katharina"},{"first_name":"Roberto","full_name":"Scipioni, Roberto","last_name":"Scipioni"},{"full_name":"Di Lecce, Daniele","last_name":"Di Lecce","first_name":"Daniele"},{"last_name":"Hassoun","full_name":"Hassoun, Jusef","first_name":"Jusef"},{"last_name":"Dörfler","full_name":"Dörfler, Susanne","first_name":"Susanne"},{"last_name":"Altheus","full_name":"Altheus, Holger","first_name":"Holger"},{"full_name":"Kaskel, Stefan","last_name":"Kaskel","first_name":"Stefan"},{"last_name":"Prehal","full_name":"Prehal, Christian","first_name":"Christian"},{"first_name":"Stefan Alexander","orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319","last_name":"Freunberger","id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Current status and future perspectives of Lithium metal batteries"},{"ddc":["540"],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Here, we employ micro- and nanosized cellulose particles, namely paper fines and cellulose\r\nnanocrystals, to induce hierarchical organization over a wide length scale. After processing\r\nthem into carbonaceous materials, we demonstrate that these hierarchically organized materials\r\noutperform the best materials for supercapacitors operating with organic electrolytes reported\r\nin literature in terms of specific energy/power (Ragone plot) while showing hardly any capacity\r\nfade over 4,000 cycles. The highly porous materials feature a specific surface area as high as\r\n2500 m2ˑg-1 and exhibit pore sizes in the range of 0.5 to 200 nm as proven by scanning electron\r\nmicroscopy and N2 physisorption. The carbonaceous materials have been further investigated\r\nby X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and RAMAN spectroscopy. Since paper fines are an\r\nunderutilized side stream in any paper production process, they are a cheap and highly available\r\nfeedstock to prepare carbonaceous materials with outstanding performance in electrochemical\r\napplications. "}],"has_accepted_license":"1","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:09Z","publication_status":"submitted","title":"High specific capacitance supercapacitors from hierarchically organized all-cellulose composites","oa_version":"Submitted Version","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"13","author":[{"first_name":"Mathias A. ","full_name":"Hobisch, Mathias A. ","last_name":"Hobisch"},{"first_name":"Eléonore ","last_name":"Mourad","full_name":"Mourad, Eléonore "},{"last_name":"Fischer","full_name":"Fischer, Wolfgang J. ","first_name":"Wolfgang J. "},{"first_name":"Christian ","last_name":"Prehal","full_name":"Prehal, Christian "},{"first_name":"Samuel ","last_name":"Eyley","full_name":"Eyley, Samuel "},{"first_name":"Anthony ","full_name":"Childress, Anthony ","last_name":"Childress"},{"first_name":"Armin ","full_name":"Zankel, Armin ","last_name":"Zankel"},{"full_name":"Mautner, Andreas ","last_name":"Mautner","first_name":"Andreas "},{"first_name":"Stefan ","last_name":"Breitenbach","full_name":"Breitenbach, Stefan "},{"full_name":"Rao, Apparao M. ","last_name":"Rao","first_name":"Apparao M. "},{"first_name":"Wim ","last_name":"Thielemans","full_name":"Thielemans, Wim "},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319","first_name":"Stefan Alexander","last_name":"Freunberger","id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander"},{"last_name":"Eckhart","full_name":"Eckhart, Rene ","first_name":"Rene "},{"full_name":"Bauer, Wolfgang ","last_name":"Bauer","first_name":"Wolfgang "},{"first_name":"Stefan ","last_name":"Spirk","full_name":"Spirk, Stefan "}],"date_created":"2020-07-02T20:24:42Z","type":"preprint","_id":"8081","date_updated":"2022-06-17T08:39:49Z","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","acknowledgement":"The authors M.A.H., S.S., R.E., and W.B. acknowledge the industrial partners Sappi Gratkorn, Zellstoff Pöls and Mondi Frantschach, the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG), COMET, BMVIT, BMWFJ, the Province of Styria and Carinthia for their financial support of the K-project Flippr²-Process Integration. E.M. and S.A.F. are indebted to the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No 636069). W. T. and S. E. thank FWO (G.0C60.13N) and the European Union’s European Fund for Regional Development and Flanders Innovation & Entrepreneurship (Accelerate3 project, Interreg Vlaanderen-Nederland program) for financial support. W. T. also thanks the Provincie West-Vlaanderen (Belgium) for his Provincial Chair in Advanced Materials. S. B. thanks the European Regional Development Fund (EFRE) and the province of Upper Austria for financial support through the program IWB 2014-2020 (project BioCarb-K). AMR gratefully acknowledges funding support through the SC EPSCoR/IDeAProgram under Award #18-SR03, and the NASA EPSCoR Program under Award #NNH17ZHA002C. Icons in Scheme 1 were provided by Good Ware, monkik, photo3idea_studio, and OCHA from www.flaticon.com.","date_published":"2020-07-13T00:00:00Z","citation":{"ieee":"M. A. Hobisch <i>et al.</i>, “High specific capacitance supercapacitors from hierarchically organized all-cellulose composites.” .","short":"M.A. Hobisch, E. Mourad, W.J. Fischer, C. Prehal, S. Eyley, A. Childress, A. Zankel, A. Mautner, S. Breitenbach, A.M. Rao, W. Thielemans, S.A. Freunberger, R. Eckhart, W. Bauer, S. Spirk, (n.d.).","ama":"Hobisch MA, Mourad E, Fischer WJ, et al. High specific capacitance supercapacitors from hierarchically organized all-cellulose composites.","apa":"Hobisch, M. A., Mourad, E., Fischer, W. J., Prehal, C., Eyley, S., Childress, A., … Spirk, S. (n.d.). High specific capacitance supercapacitors from hierarchically organized all-cellulose composites.","mla":"Hobisch, Mathias A., et al. <i>High Specific Capacitance Supercapacitors from Hierarchically Organized All-Cellulose Composites</i>.","ista":"Hobisch MA, Mourad E, Fischer WJ, Prehal C, Eyley S, Childress A, Zankel A, Mautner A, Breitenbach S, Rao AM, Thielemans W, Freunberger SA, Eckhart R, Bauer W, Spirk S. High specific capacitance supercapacitors from hierarchically organized all-cellulose composites.","chicago":"Hobisch, Mathias A. , Eléonore  Mourad, Wolfgang J.  Fischer, Christian  Prehal, Samuel  Eyley, Anthony  Childress, Armin  Zankel, et al. “High Specific Capacitance Supercapacitors from Hierarchically Organized All-Cellulose Composites,” n.d."},"month":"07","year":"2020","file":[{"date_created":"2020-07-02T20:21:59Z","file_size":1129852,"date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:09Z","creator":"sfreunbe","file_id":"8082","file_name":"AM.pdf","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","checksum":"6970d621984c03ebc2eee71adfe706dd"},{"checksum":"cd74c7bd47d6e7163d54d67f074dcc36","relation":"supplementary_material","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"Supporting_Information.pdf","file_id":"8102","creator":"cziletti","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:48:09Z","file_size":945565,"date_created":"2020-07-08T12:14:04Z"}],"department":[{"_id":"StFr"}]},{"month":"12","department":[{"_id":"StFr"}],"oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"mla":"Schlemmer, Werner, et al. “2‐methoxyhydroquinone from Vanillin for Aqueous Redox‐flow Batteries.” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>, vol. 59, no. 51, Wiley, 2020, pp. 22943–46, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202008253\">10.1002/anie.202008253</a>.","apa":"Schlemmer, W., Nothdurft, P., Petzold, A., Frühwirt, P., Schmallegger, M., Gescheidt-Demner, G., … Spirk, S. (2020). 2‐methoxyhydroquinone from vanillin for aqueous redox‐flow batteries. <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. Wiley. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202008253\">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202008253</a>","chicago":"Schlemmer, Werner, Philipp Nothdurft, Alina Petzold, Philipp Frühwirt, Max Schmallegger, Georg Gescheidt-Demner, Roland Fischer, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, Wolfgang Kern, and Stefan Spirk. “2‐methoxyhydroquinone from Vanillin for Aqueous Redox‐flow Batteries.” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. Wiley, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202008253\">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202008253</a>.","ista":"Schlemmer W, Nothdurft P, Petzold A, Frühwirt P, Schmallegger M, Gescheidt-Demner G, Fischer R, Freunberger SA, Kern W, Spirk S. 2020. 2‐methoxyhydroquinone from vanillin for aqueous redox‐flow batteries. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 59(51), 22943–22946.","short":"W. Schlemmer, P. Nothdurft, A. Petzold, P. Frühwirt, M. Schmallegger, G. Gescheidt-Demner, R. Fischer, S.A. Freunberger, W. Kern, S. Spirk, Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59 (2020) 22943–22946.","ieee":"W. Schlemmer <i>et al.</i>, “2‐methoxyhydroquinone from vanillin for aqueous redox‐flow batteries,” <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>, vol. 59, no. 51. Wiley, pp. 22943–22946, 2020.","ama":"Schlemmer W, Nothdurft P, Petzold A, et al. 2‐methoxyhydroquinone from vanillin for aqueous redox‐flow batteries. <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>. 2020;59(51):22943-22946. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202008253\">10.1002/anie.202008253</a>"},"issue":"51","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","scopus_import":"1","day":"14","author":[{"last_name":"Schlemmer","full_name":"Schlemmer, Werner","first_name":"Werner"},{"full_name":"Nothdurft, Philipp","last_name":"Nothdurft","first_name":"Philipp"},{"last_name":"Petzold","full_name":"Petzold, Alina","first_name":"Alina"},{"full_name":"Frühwirt, Philipp","last_name":"Frühwirt","first_name":"Philipp"},{"first_name":"Max","full_name":"Schmallegger, Max","last_name":"Schmallegger"},{"first_name":"Georg","last_name":"Gescheidt-Demner","full_name":"Gescheidt-Demner, Georg"},{"full_name":"Fischer, Roland","last_name":"Fischer","first_name":"Roland"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319","first_name":"Stefan Alexander","full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander","id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","last_name":"Freunberger"},{"last_name":"Kern","full_name":"Kern, Wolfgang","first_name":"Wolfgang"},{"full_name":"Spirk, Stefan","last_name":"Spirk","first_name":"Stefan"}],"title":"2‐methoxyhydroquinone from vanillin for aqueous redox‐flow batteries","oa_version":"Published Version","volume":59,"date_created":"2020-09-03T16:10:56Z","article_type":"original","abstract":[{"text":"We show the synthesis of a redox‐active quinone, 2‐methoxy‐1,4‐hydroquinone (MHQ), from a bio‐based feedstock and its suitability as electrolyte in aqueous redox flow batteries. We identified semiquinone intermediates at insufficiently low pH and quinoid radicals as responsible for decomposition of MHQ under electrochemical conditions. Both can be avoided and/or stabilized, respectively, using H 3 PO 4 electrolyte, allowing for reversible cycling in a redox flow battery for hundreds of cycles.","lang":"eng"}],"intvolume":"        59","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1433-7851"],"eissn":["1521-3773"]},"publication_status":"published","isi":1,"year":"2020","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"9780","relation":"research_data","status":"public"}]},"external_id":{"isi":["000576148700001"]},"status":"public","publication":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition","acknowledgement":"The Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) is gratefully acknowledged for financial support of the project LignoBatt (860429).","date_published":"2020-12-14T00:00:00Z","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1002/anie.202008253","publisher":"Wiley","_id":"8329","date_updated":"2023-09-05T16:03:47Z","type":"journal_article","page":"22943-22946","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202008253"}],"quality_controlled":"1"},{"isi":1,"year":"2020","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"8067","relation":"earlier_version","status":"public"}]},"external_id":{"isi":["000593857300001"]},"date_published":"2020-12-31T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"A.V. and K.T. acknowledge, respectively, the financial support of the Helmholtz Association and BMW AG. J.H. acknowledges the collabo-ration project “Accordo di Collaborazione Quadro 2015” between Uni-versity of  Ferrara (Department of  Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences) and Sapienza University of Rome (Department of Chemistry). S.D., H.A. and S.K. thank the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, Technische Uni-versit ̈at  Dresden and would like to  acknowledge European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agree-ment No 814471. S.A.F. and C.P. are indebted to the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 636069) and IST Austria.","publication":"Journal of Power Sources","status":"public","_id":"8361","date_updated":"2023-08-22T09:20:37Z","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803","publisher":"Elsevier","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803","open_access":"1"}],"quality_controlled":"1","department":[{"_id":"StFr"}],"article_number":"228803","month":"12","citation":{"short":"A. Varzi, K. Thanner, R. Scipioni, D. Di Lecce, J. Hassoun, S. Dörfler, H. Altheus, S. Kaskel, C. Prehal, S.A. Freunberger, Journal of Power Sources 480 (2020).","ieee":"A. Varzi <i>et al.</i>, “Current status and future perspectives of lithium metal batteries,” <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>, vol. 480, no. 12. Elsevier, 2020.","ama":"Varzi A, Thanner K, Scipioni R, et al. Current status and future perspectives of lithium metal batteries. <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>. 2020;480(12). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803\">10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803</a>","mla":"Varzi, Alberto, et al. “Current Status and Future Perspectives of Lithium Metal Batteries.” <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>, vol. 480, no. 12, 228803, Elsevier, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803\">10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803</a>.","apa":"Varzi, A., Thanner, K., Scipioni, R., Di Lecce, D., Hassoun, J., Dörfler, S., … Freunberger, S. A. (2020). Current status and future perspectives of lithium metal batteries. <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>. Elsevier. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803</a>","chicago":"Varzi, Alberto, Katharina Thanner, Roberto Scipioni, Daniele Di Lecce, Jusef Hassoun, Susanne Dörfler, Holger Altheus, Stefan Kaskel, Christian Prehal, and Stefan Alexander Freunberger. “Current Status and Future Perspectives of Lithium Metal Batteries.” <i>Journal of Power Sources</i>. Elsevier, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228803</a>.","ista":"Varzi A, Thanner K, Scipioni R, Di Lecce D, Hassoun J, Dörfler S, Altheus H, Kaskel S, Prehal C, Freunberger SA. 2020. Current status and future perspectives of lithium metal batteries. Journal of Power Sources. 480(12), 228803."},"issue":"12","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"volume":480,"date_created":"2020-09-10T10:48:40Z","article_type":"original","day":"31","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-5069-0589","first_name":"Alberto","full_name":"Varzi, Alberto","last_name":"Varzi"},{"full_name":"Thanner, Katharina","last_name":"Thanner","orcid":"0000-0001-5394-2323","first_name":"Katharina"},{"first_name":"Roberto","orcid":"0000-0003-1926-421X","last_name":"Scipioni","full_name":"Scipioni, Roberto"},{"first_name":"Daniele","last_name":"Di Lecce","full_name":"Di Lecce, Daniele"},{"first_name":"Jusef","last_name":"Hassoun","full_name":"Hassoun, Jusef"},{"full_name":"Dörfler, Susanne","last_name":"Dörfler","first_name":"Susanne"},{"full_name":"Altheus, Holger","last_name":"Altheus","first_name":"Holger"},{"first_name":"Stefan","full_name":"Kaskel, Stefan","last_name":"Kaskel"},{"last_name":"Prehal","full_name":"Prehal, Christian","first_name":"Christian","orcid":"0000-0003-0654-0940"},{"full_name":"Freunberger, Stefan Alexander","id":"A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425","last_name":"Freunberger","first_name":"Stefan Alexander","orcid":"0000-0003-2902-5319"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Current status and future perspectives of lithium metal batteries","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0378-7753"]},"publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"text":"With the lithium-ion technology approaching its intrinsic limit with graphite-based anodes, Li metal is recently receiving renewed interest from the battery community as potential high capacity anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries. In this focus paper, we review the main advances in this field since the first attempts in the mid-1970s. Strategies for enabling reversible cycling and avoiding dendrite growth are thoroughly discussed, including specific applications in all-solid-state (inorganic and polymeric), Lithium–Sulfur (Li–S) and Lithium-O2 (air) batteries. A particular attention is paid to recent developments of these battery technologies and their current state with respect to the 2030 targets of the EU Integrated Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan) Action 7.","lang":"eng"}],"intvolume":"       480"}]