---
_id: '12237'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Thermoelectric technology requires synthesizing complex materials where not
    only the crystal structure but also other structural features such as defects,
    grain size and orientation, and interfaces must be controlled. To date, conventional
    solid-state techniques are unable to provide this level of control. Herein, we
    present a synthetic approach in which dense inorganic thermoelectric materials
    are produced by the consolidation of well-defined nanoparticle powders. The idea
    is that controlling the characteristics of the powder allows the chemical transformations
    that take place during consolidation to be guided, ultimately yielding inorganic
    solids with targeted features. Different from conventional methods, syntheses
    in solution can produce particles with unprecedented control over their size,
    shape, crystal structure, composition, and surface chemistry. However, to date,
    most works have focused only on the low-cost benefits of this strategy. In this
    perspective, we first cover the opportunities that solution processing of the
    powder offers, emphasizing the potential structural features that can be controlled
    by precisely engineering the inorganic core of the particle, the surface, and
    the organization of the particles before consolidation. We then discuss the challenges
    of this synthetic approach and more practical matters related to solution processing.
    Finally, we suggest some good practices for adequate knowledge transfer and improving
    reproducibility among different laboratories.
acknowledgement: This work was financially supported by ISTA and the Werner Siemens
  Foundation. M.C. has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
  and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no. 665385.
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Fiedler, Christine
  id: bd3fceba-dc74-11ea-a0a7-c17f71817366
  last_name: Fiedler
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Kleinhanns, Tobias
  id: 8BD9DE16-AB3C-11E9-9C8C-2A03E6697425
  last_name: Kleinhanns
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Garcia, Maria
  id: 6e5c50b8-97dc-11ed-be98-b0a74c84cae0
  last_name: Garcia
- first_name: Seungho
  full_name: Lee, Seungho
  id: BB243B88-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
  last_name: Lee
  orcid: 0000-0002-6962-8598
- first_name: Mariano
  full_name: Calcabrini, Mariano
  id: 45D7531A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Calcabrini
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Ibáñez, Maria
  id: 43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ibáñez
  orcid: 0000-0001-5013-2843
citation:
  ama: 'Fiedler C, Kleinhanns T, Garcia M, Lee S, Calcabrini M, Ibáñez M. Solution-processed
    inorganic thermoelectric materials: Opportunities and challenges. <i>Chemistry
    of Materials</i>. 2022;34(19):8471-8489. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01967">10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01967</a>'
  apa: 'Fiedler, C., Kleinhanns, T., Garcia, M., Lee, S., Calcabrini, M., &#38; Ibáñez,
    M. (2022). Solution-processed inorganic thermoelectric materials: Opportunities
    and challenges. <i>Chemistry of Materials</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01967">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01967</a>'
  chicago: 'Fiedler, Christine, Tobias Kleinhanns, Maria Garcia, Seungho Lee, Mariano
    Calcabrini, and Maria Ibáñez. “Solution-Processed Inorganic Thermoelectric Materials:
    Opportunities and Challenges.” <i>Chemistry of Materials</i>. American Chemical
    Society, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01967">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01967</a>.'
  ieee: 'C. Fiedler, T. Kleinhanns, M. Garcia, S. Lee, M. Calcabrini, and M. Ibáñez,
    “Solution-processed inorganic thermoelectric materials: Opportunities and challenges,”
    <i>Chemistry of Materials</i>, vol. 34, no. 19. American Chemical Society, pp.
    8471–8489, 2022.'
  ista: 'Fiedler C, Kleinhanns T, Garcia M, Lee S, Calcabrini M, Ibáñez M. 2022. Solution-processed
    inorganic thermoelectric materials: Opportunities and challenges. Chemistry of
    Materials. 34(19), 8471–8489.'
  mla: 'Fiedler, Christine, et al. “Solution-Processed Inorganic Thermoelectric Materials:
    Opportunities and Challenges.” <i>Chemistry of Materials</i>, vol. 34, no. 19,
    American Chemical Society, 2022, pp. 8471–89, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01967">10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01967</a>.'
  short: C. Fiedler, T. Kleinhanns, M. Garcia, S. Lee, M. Calcabrini, M. Ibáñez, Chemistry
    of Materials 34 (2022) 8471–8489.
date_created: 2023-01-16T09:51:26Z
date_published: 2022-09-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-04T09:38:26Z
day: '20'
ddc:
- '540'
department:
- _id: MaIb
doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01967
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000917837600001'
  pmid:
  - '36248227'
file:
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file_date_updated: 2023-01-30T07:35:09Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        34'
isi: 1
issue: '19'
keyword:
- Materials Chemistry
- General Chemical Engineering
- General Chemistry
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 8471-8489
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '665385'
  name: International IST Doctoral Program
publication: Chemistry of Materials
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1520-5002
  issn:
  - 0897-4756
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
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    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Solution-processed inorganic thermoelectric materials: Opportunities and challenges'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 34
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '11705'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The broad implementation of thermoelectricity requires high-performance and
    low-cost materials. One possibility is employing surfactant-free solution synthesis
    to produce nanopowders. We propose the strategy of functionalizing “naked” particles’
    surface by inorganic molecules to control the nanostructure and, consequently,
    thermoelectric performance. In particular, we use bismuth thiolates to functionalize
    surfactant-free SnTe particles’ surfaces. Upon thermal processing, bismuth thiolates
    decomposition renders SnTe-Bi2S3 nanocomposites with synergistic functions: 1)
    carrier concentration optimization by Bi doping; 2) Seebeck coefficient enhancement
    and bipolar effect suppression by energy filtering; and 3) lattice thermal conductivity
    reduction by small grain domains, grain boundaries and nanostructuration. Overall,
    the SnTe-Bi2S3 nanocomposites exhibit peak z T up to 1.3 at 873 K and an average
    z T of ≈0.6 at 300–873 K, which is among the highest reported for solution-processed
    SnTe.'
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: EM-Fac
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU)
  of IST Austria through resources provided by Electron Microscopy Facility (EMF)
  and the Nanofabrication Facility (NNF). This work was financially supported by IST
  Austria and the Werner Siemens Foundation. C.C. acknowledges funding from the FWF
  “Lise Meitner Fellowship” grant agreement M 2889-N. Lise Meitner Project (M2889-N).
  Y.L. acknowledges funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation
  program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 754411. R.L.B. thanks
  the National Science Foundation for support under DMR-1904719. MCS acknowledge MINECO
  Juan de la Cierva Incorporation fellowship (JdlCI 2019) and Severo Ochoa. M.C.S.
  and J.A. acknowledge funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 SGR 327. ICN2 is
  supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO (Grant no. SEV-2017-0706)
  and is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. This study was supported
  by MCIN with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1) and Generalitat
  de Catalunya.
article_number: e202207002
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Cheng
  full_name: Chang, Cheng
  id: 9E331C2E-9F27-11E9-AE48-5033E6697425
  last_name: Chang
  orcid: 0000-0002-9515-4277
- first_name: Yu
  full_name: Liu, Yu
  id: 2A70014E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Liu
  orcid: 0000-0001-7313-6740
- first_name: Seungho
  full_name: Lee, Seungho
  id: BB243B88-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
  last_name: Lee
  orcid: 0000-0002-6962-8598
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Spadaro, Maria
  last_name: Spadaro
- first_name: Kristopher M.
  full_name: Koskela, Kristopher M.
  last_name: Koskela
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Kleinhanns, Tobias
  id: 8BD9DE16-AB3C-11E9-9C8C-2A03E6697425
  last_name: Kleinhanns
- first_name: Tommaso
  full_name: Costanzo, Tommaso
  id: D93824F4-D9BA-11E9-BB12-F207E6697425
  last_name: Costanzo
  orcid: 0000-0001-9732-3815
- first_name: Jordi
  full_name: Arbiol, Jordi
  last_name: Arbiol
- first_name: Richard L.
  full_name: Brutchey, Richard L.
  last_name: Brutchey
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Ibáñez, Maria
  id: 43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ibáñez
  orcid: 0000-0001-5013-2843
citation:
  ama: 'Chang C, Liu Y, Lee S, et al. Surface functionalization of surfactant-free
    particles: A strategy to tailor the properties of nanocomposites for enhanced
    thermoelectric performance. <i>Angewandte Chemie - International Edition</i>.
    2022;61(35). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202207002">10.1002/anie.202207002</a>'
  apa: 'Chang, C., Liu, Y., Lee, S., Spadaro, M., Koskela, K. M., Kleinhanns, T.,
    … Ibáñez, M. (2022). Surface functionalization of surfactant-free particles: A
    strategy to tailor the properties of nanocomposites for enhanced thermoelectric
    performance. <i>Angewandte Chemie - International Edition</i>. Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202207002">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202207002</a>'
  chicago: 'Chang, Cheng, Yu Liu, Seungho Lee, Maria Spadaro, Kristopher M. Koskela,
    Tobias Kleinhanns, Tommaso Costanzo, Jordi Arbiol, Richard L. Brutchey, and Maria
    Ibáñez. “Surface Functionalization of Surfactant-Free Particles: A Strategy to
    Tailor the Properties of Nanocomposites for Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance.”
    <i>Angewandte Chemie - International Edition</i>. Wiley, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202207002">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202207002</a>.'
  ieee: 'C. Chang <i>et al.</i>, “Surface functionalization of surfactant-free particles:
    A strategy to tailor the properties of nanocomposites for enhanced thermoelectric
    performance,” <i>Angewandte Chemie - International Edition</i>, vol. 61, no. 35.
    Wiley, 2022.'
  ista: 'Chang C, Liu Y, Lee S, Spadaro M, Koskela KM, Kleinhanns T, Costanzo T, Arbiol
    J, Brutchey RL, Ibáñez M. 2022. Surface functionalization of surfactant-free particles:
    A strategy to tailor the properties of nanocomposites for enhanced thermoelectric
    performance. Angewandte Chemie - International Edition. 61(35), e202207002.'
  mla: 'Chang, Cheng, et al. “Surface Functionalization of Surfactant-Free Particles:
    A Strategy to Tailor the Properties of Nanocomposites for Enhanced Thermoelectric
    Performance.” <i>Angewandte Chemie - International Edition</i>, vol. 61, no. 35,
    e202207002, Wiley, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202207002">10.1002/anie.202207002</a>.'
  short: C. Chang, Y. Liu, S. Lee, M. Spadaro, K.M. Koskela, T. Kleinhanns, T. Costanzo,
    J. Arbiol, R.L. Brutchey, M. Ibáñez, Angewandte Chemie - International Edition
    61 (2022).
date_created: 2022-07-31T22:01:48Z
date_published: 2022-08-26T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-03T12:23:52Z
day: '26'
ddc:
- '540'
department:
- _id: MaIb
- _id: EM-Fac
doi: 10.1002/anie.202207002
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000828274200001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: ad601f2b9e26e46ab4785162be58b5ed
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  date_created: 2023-02-02T08:01:00Z
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has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        61'
isi: 1
issue: '35'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 9B8804FC-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
  grant_number: M02889
  name: Bottom-up Engineering for Thermoelectric Applications
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
publication: Angewandte Chemie - International Edition
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1521-3773
  issn:
  - 1433-7851
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Surface functionalization of surfactant-free particles: A strategy to tailor
  the properties of nanocomposites for enhanced thermoelectric performance'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 61
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '9118'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Cesium lead halides have intrinsically unstable crystal lattices and easily
    transform within perovskite and nonperovskite structures. In this work, we explore
    the conversion of the perovskite CsPbBr3 into Cs4PbBr6 in the presence of PbS
    at 450 °C to produce doped nanocrystal-based composites with embedded Cs4PbBr6
    nanoprecipitates. We show that PbBr2 is extracted from CsPbBr3 and diffuses into
    the PbS lattice with a consequent increase in the concentration of free charge
    carriers. This new doping strategy enables the adjustment of the density of charge
    carriers between 1019 and 1020 cm–3, and it may serve as a general strategy for
    doping other nanocrystal-based semiconductors.
acknowledgement: "M.C. has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020
  research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement
  No. 665385. ICN2\r\nacknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 SGR
  327. ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO (Grant No.
  SEV-2017-0706) and is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. This
  project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
  innovation programme under grant agreement No 823717 − ESTEEM3. M.V.K. acknowledges
  the support by the European Research Council under the Horizon 2020 Framework Program
  (ERC Consolidator Grant SCALEHALO\r\nGrant Agreement No. 819740) and by FET-OPEN
  project no. 862656 (DROP-IT)."
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Mariano
  full_name: Calcabrini, Mariano
  id: 45D7531A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Calcabrini
- first_name: Aziz
  full_name: Genc, Aziz
  last_name: Genc
- first_name: Yu
  full_name: Liu, Yu
  id: 2A70014E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Liu
  orcid: 0000-0001-7313-6740
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Kleinhanns, Tobias
  id: 8BD9DE16-AB3C-11E9-9C8C-2A03E6697425
  last_name: Kleinhanns
- first_name: Seungho
  full_name: Lee, Seungho
  id: BB243B88-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
  last_name: Lee
  orcid: 0000-0002-6962-8598
- first_name: Dmitry N.
  full_name: Dirin, Dmitry N.
  last_name: Dirin
- first_name: Quinten A.
  full_name: Akkerman, Quinten A.
  last_name: Akkerman
- first_name: Maksym V.
  full_name: Kovalenko, Maksym V.
  last_name: Kovalenko
- first_name: Jordi
  full_name: Arbiol, Jordi
  last_name: Arbiol
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Ibáñez, Maria
  id: 43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ibáñez
  orcid: 0000-0001-5013-2843
citation:
  ama: Calcabrini M, Genc A, Liu Y, et al. Exploiting the lability of metal halide
    perovskites for doping semiconductor nanocomposites. <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>.
    2021;6(2):581-587. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02448">10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02448</a>
  apa: Calcabrini, M., Genc, A., Liu, Y., Kleinhanns, T., Lee, S., Dirin, D. N., …
    Ibáñez, M. (2021). Exploiting the lability of metal halide perovskites for doping
    semiconductor nanocomposites. <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>. American Chemical Society.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02448">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02448</a>
  chicago: Calcabrini, Mariano, Aziz Genc, Yu Liu, Tobias Kleinhanns, Seungho Lee,
    Dmitry N. Dirin, Quinten A. Akkerman, Maksym V. Kovalenko, Jordi Arbiol, and Maria
    Ibáñez. “Exploiting the Lability of Metal Halide Perovskites for Doping Semiconductor
    Nanocomposites.” <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>. American Chemical Society, 2021. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02448">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02448</a>.
  ieee: M. Calcabrini <i>et al.</i>, “Exploiting the lability of metal halide perovskites
    for doping semiconductor nanocomposites,” <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>, vol. 6, no.
    2. American Chemical Society, pp. 581–587, 2021.
  ista: Calcabrini M, Genc A, Liu Y, Kleinhanns T, Lee S, Dirin DN, Akkerman QA, Kovalenko
    MV, Arbiol J, Ibáñez M. 2021. Exploiting the lability of metal halide perovskites
    for doping semiconductor nanocomposites. ACS Energy Letters. 6(2), 581–587.
  mla: Calcabrini, Mariano, et al. “Exploiting the Lability of Metal Halide Perovskites
    for Doping Semiconductor Nanocomposites.” <i>ACS Energy Letters</i>, vol. 6, no.
    2, American Chemical Society, 2021, pp. 581–87, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02448">10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02448</a>.
  short: M. Calcabrini, A. Genc, Y. Liu, T. Kleinhanns, S. Lee, D.N. Dirin, Q.A. Akkerman,
    M.V. Kovalenko, J. Arbiol, M. Ibáñez, ACS Energy Letters 6 (2021) 581–587.
date_created: 2021-02-14T23:01:14Z
date_published: 2021-01-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-07T13:46:00Z
day: '20'
ddc:
- '540'
department:
- _id: MaIb
doi: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02448
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000619803400036'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 6fa7374bf8b95fdfe6e6c595322a6689
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  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2021-02-17T07:36:52Z
  date_updated: 2021-02-17T07:36:52Z
  file_id: '9155'
  file_name: 2021_ACSEnergyLetters_Calcabrini.pdf
  file_size: 5071201
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file_date_updated: 2021-02-17T07:36:52Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         6'
isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 581-587
project:
- _id: 2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '665385'
  name: International IST Doctoral Program
publication: ACS Energy Letters
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2380-8195
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
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scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Exploiting the lability of metal halide perovskites for doping semiconductor
  nanocomposites
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 6
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '10123'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Solution synthesis of particles emerged as an alternative to prepare thermoelectric
    materials with less demanding processing conditions than conventional solid-state
    synthetic methods. However, solution synthesis generally involves the presence
    of additional molecules or ions belonging to the precursors or added to enable
    solubility and/or regulate nucleation and growth. These molecules or ions can
    end up in the particles as surface adsorbates and interfere in the material properties.
    This work demonstrates that ionic adsorbates, in particular Na⁺ ions, are electrostatically
    adsorbed in SnSe particles synthesized in water and play a crucial role not only
    in directing the material nano/microstructure but also in determining the transport
    properties of the consolidated material. In dense pellets prepared by sintering
    SnSe particles, Na remains within the crystal lattice as dopant, in dislocations,
    precipitates, and forming grain boundary complexions. These results highlight
    the importance of considering all the possible unintentional impurities to establish
    proper structure-property relationships and control material properties in solution-processed
    thermoelectric materials.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: EM-Fac
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: 'Y.L. and M.C. contributed equally to this work. This research was
  supported by the Scientific Service Units (SSU) of IST Austria through resources
  provided by Electron Microscopy Facility (EMF) and the Nanofabrication Facility
  (NNF). This work was financially supported by IST Austria and the Werner Siemens
  Foundation. Y.L. acknowledges funding from the European Union''s Horizon 2020 research
  and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 754411.
  M.C. has received funding from the European Union''s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
  program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 665385. Y.Y. and O.C.-M.
  acknowledge the financial support from DFG within the project SFB 917: Nanoswitches.
  J.L. is a Serra Húnter Fellow and is grateful to ICREA Academia program. C.C. acknowledges
  funding from the FWF “Lise Meitner Fellowship” grant agreement M 2889-N.'
article_number: '2106858'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Yu
  full_name: Liu, Yu
  id: 2A70014E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Liu
  orcid: 0000-0001-7313-6740
- first_name: Mariano
  full_name: Calcabrini, Mariano
  id: 45D7531A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Calcabrini
  orcid: 0000-0003-4566-5877
- first_name: Yuan
  full_name: Yu, Yuan
  last_name: Yu
- first_name: Aziz
  full_name: Genç, Aziz
  last_name: Genç
- first_name: Cheng
  full_name: Chang, Cheng
  id: 9E331C2E-9F27-11E9-AE48-5033E6697425
  last_name: Chang
  orcid: 0000-0002-9515-4277
- first_name: Tommaso
  full_name: Costanzo, Tommaso
  id: D93824F4-D9BA-11E9-BB12-F207E6697425
  last_name: Costanzo
  orcid: 0000-0001-9732-3815
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Kleinhanns, Tobias
  id: 8BD9DE16-AB3C-11E9-9C8C-2A03E6697425
  last_name: Kleinhanns
- first_name: Seungho
  full_name: Lee, Seungho
  id: BB243B88-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425
  last_name: Lee
  orcid: 0000-0002-6962-8598
- first_name: Jordi
  full_name: Llorca, Jordi
  last_name: Llorca
- first_name: Oana
  full_name: Cojocaru‐Mirédin, Oana
  last_name: Cojocaru‐Mirédin
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Ibáñez, Maria
  id: 43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ibáñez
  orcid: 0000-0001-5013-2843
citation:
  ama: 'Liu Y, Calcabrini M, Yu Y, et al. The importance of surface adsorbates in
    solution‐processed thermoelectric materials: The case of SnSe. <i>Advanced Materials</i>.
    2021;33(52). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202106858">10.1002/adma.202106858</a>'
  apa: 'Liu, Y., Calcabrini, M., Yu, Y., Genç, A., Chang, C., Costanzo, T., … Ibáñez,
    M. (2021). The importance of surface adsorbates in solution‐processed thermoelectric
    materials: The case of SnSe. <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202106858">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202106858</a>'
  chicago: 'Liu, Yu, Mariano Calcabrini, Yuan Yu, Aziz Genç, Cheng Chang, Tommaso
    Costanzo, Tobias Kleinhanns, et al. “The Importance of Surface Adsorbates in Solution‐processed
    Thermoelectric Materials: The Case of SnSe.” <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley,
    2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202106858">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202106858</a>.'
  ieee: 'Y. Liu <i>et al.</i>, “The importance of surface adsorbates in solution‐processed
    thermoelectric materials: The case of SnSe,” <i>Advanced Materials</i>, vol. 33,
    no. 52. Wiley, 2021.'
  ista: 'Liu Y, Calcabrini M, Yu Y, Genç A, Chang C, Costanzo T, Kleinhanns T, Lee
    S, Llorca J, Cojocaru‐Mirédin O, Ibáñez M. 2021. The importance of surface adsorbates
    in solution‐processed thermoelectric materials: The case of SnSe. Advanced Materials.
    33(52), 2106858.'
  mla: 'Liu, Yu, et al. “The Importance of Surface Adsorbates in Solution‐processed
    Thermoelectric Materials: The Case of SnSe.” <i>Advanced Materials</i>, vol. 33,
    no. 52, 2106858, Wiley, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202106858">10.1002/adma.202106858</a>.'
  short: Y. Liu, M. Calcabrini, Y. Yu, A. Genç, C. Chang, T. Costanzo, T. Kleinhanns,
    S. Lee, J. Llorca, O. Cojocaru‐Mirédin, M. Ibáñez, Advanced Materials 33 (2021).
date_created: 2021-10-11T20:07:24Z
date_published: 2021-12-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-14T07:25:27Z
day: '29'
ddc:
- '620'
department:
- _id: EM-Fac
- _id: MaIb
doi: 10.1002/adma.202106858
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000709899300001'
  pmid:
  - '34626034'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 990bccc527c64d85cf1c97885110b5f4
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  creator: cchlebak
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has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        33'
isi: 1
issue: '52'
keyword:
- mechanical engineering
- mechanics of materials
- general materials science
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '665385'
  name: International IST Doctoral Program
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 9B8804FC-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
  grant_number: M02889
  name: Bottom-up Engineering for Thermoelectric Applications
- _id: 9B8F7476-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
  name: 'HighTE: The Werner Siemens Laboratory for the High Throughput Discovery of
    Semiconductors for Waste Heat Recovery'
publication: Advanced Materials
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1521-4095
  issn:
  - 0935-9648
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '12885'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The importance of surface adsorbates in solution‐processed thermoelectric
  materials: The case of SnSe'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 33
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '8189'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) show a huge potential to power future electric
    vehicles and portable electronics, but their deployment is currently limited by
    the unavailability of proper electrocatalysis for the ethanol oxidation reaction
    (EOR). In this work, we engineer a new electrocatalyst by incorporating phosphorous
    into a palladium-tin alloy and demonstrate a significant performance improvement
    toward EOR. We first detail a synthetic method to produce Pd2Sn:P nanocrystals
    that incorporate 35% of phosphorus. These nanoparticles are supported on carbon
    black and tested for EOR. Pd2Sn:P/C catalysts exhibit mass current densities up
    to 5.03 A mgPd−1, well above those of Pd2Sn/C, PdP2/C and Pd/C reference catalysts.
    Furthermore, a twofold lower Tafel slope and a much longer durability are revealed
    for the Pd2Sn:P/C catalyst compared with Pd/C. The performance improvement is
    rationalized with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations considering
    different phosphorous chemical environments. Depending on its oxidation state,
    surface phosphorus introduces sites with low energy OH− adsorption and/or strongly
    influences the electronic structure of palladium and tin to facilitate the oxidation
    of the acetyl to acetic acid, which is considered the EOR rate limiting step.
    DFT calculations also points out that the durability improvement of Pd2Sn:P/C
    catalyst is associated to the promotion of OH adsorption that accelerates the
    oxidation of intermediate poisoning COads, reactivating the catalyst surface.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the European Regional Development Funds
  and by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad through the project SEHTOP,
  ENE2016- 77798-C4-3-R, and ENE2017-85087-C3. X. Y. thanks the China Scholarship
  Council for the scholarship support. J. Liu acknowledges support from the Jiangsu
  University Foundation (4111510011). J. Li obtained International Postdoctoral Exchange
  Fellowship Program (Talent-Introduction program) in 2019 and is grateful for the
  project (2019M663468) funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation. Authors
  acknowledge funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 SGR 327 and 2017 SGR 1246,
  and from IST Austria. ICN2 acknowledges the support from the Severo Ochoa Programme
  (MINECO, grant no. SEV-2017-0706) and is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat
  de Catalunya. J. Llorca is a Serra Húnter Fellow and is grateful to MICINN/FEDER
  RTI2018-093996-B-C31, GC 2017 SGR 128 and to ICREA Academia program.
article_number: '105116'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Xiaoting
  full_name: Yu, Xiaoting
  last_name: Yu
- first_name: Junfeng
  full_name: Liu, Junfeng
  last_name: Liu
- first_name: Junshan
  full_name: Li, Junshan
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Zhishan
  full_name: Luo, Zhishan
  last_name: Luo
- first_name: Yong
  full_name: Zuo, Yong
  last_name: Zuo
- first_name: Congcong
  full_name: Xing, Congcong
  last_name: Xing
- first_name: Jordi
  full_name: Llorca, Jordi
  last_name: Llorca
- first_name: Déspina
  full_name: Nasiou, Déspina
  last_name: Nasiou
- first_name: Jordi
  full_name: Arbiol, Jordi
  last_name: Arbiol
- first_name: Kai
  full_name: Pan, Kai
  last_name: Pan
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Kleinhanns, Tobias
  id: 8BD9DE16-AB3C-11E9-9C8C-2A03E6697425
  last_name: Kleinhanns
- first_name: Ying
  full_name: Xie, Ying
  last_name: Xie
- first_name: Andreu
  full_name: Cabot, Andreu
  last_name: Cabot
citation:
  ama: Yu X, Liu J, Li J, et al. Phosphorous incorporation in Pd2Sn alloys for electrocatalytic
    ethanol oxidation. <i>Nano Energy</i>. 2020;77(11). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105116">10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105116</a>
  apa: Yu, X., Liu, J., Li, J., Luo, Z., Zuo, Y., Xing, C., … Cabot, A. (2020). Phosphorous
    incorporation in Pd2Sn alloys for electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation. <i>Nano
    Energy</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105116">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105116</a>
  chicago: Yu, Xiaoting, Junfeng Liu, Junshan Li, Zhishan Luo, Yong Zuo, Congcong
    Xing, Jordi Llorca, et al. “Phosphorous Incorporation in Pd2Sn Alloys for Electrocatalytic
    Ethanol Oxidation.” <i>Nano Energy</i>. Elsevier, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105116">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105116</a>.
  ieee: X. Yu <i>et al.</i>, “Phosphorous incorporation in Pd2Sn alloys for electrocatalytic
    ethanol oxidation,” <i>Nano Energy</i>, vol. 77, no. 11. Elsevier, 2020.
  ista: Yu X, Liu J, Li J, Luo Z, Zuo Y, Xing C, Llorca J, Nasiou D, Arbiol J, Pan
    K, Kleinhanns T, Xie Y, Cabot A. 2020. Phosphorous incorporation in Pd2Sn alloys
    for electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation. Nano Energy. 77(11), 105116.
  mla: Yu, Xiaoting, et al. “Phosphorous Incorporation in Pd2Sn Alloys for Electrocatalytic
    Ethanol Oxidation.” <i>Nano Energy</i>, vol. 77, no. 11, 105116, Elsevier, 2020,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105116">10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105116</a>.
  short: X. Yu, J. Liu, J. Li, Z. Luo, Y. Zuo, C. Xing, J. Llorca, D. Nasiou, J. Arbiol,
    K. Pan, T. Kleinhanns, Y. Xie, A. Cabot, Nano Energy 77 (2020).
date_created: 2020-08-02T22:00:57Z
date_published: 2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-22T08:24:05Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: MaIb
doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105116
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000581738300030'
intvolume: '        77'
isi: 1
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa_version: None
publication: Nano Energy
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2211-2855
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Phosphorous incorporation in Pd2Sn alloys for electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 77
year: '2020'
...
