---
_id: '15033'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The GNOM (GN) Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factor for ARF small GTPases (ARF-GEF)
    is among the best studied trafficking regulators in plants, playing crucial and
    unique developmental roles in patterning and polarity. The current models place
    GN at the Golgi apparatus (GA), where it mediates secretion/recycling, and at
    the plasma membrane (PM) presumably contributing to clathrin-mediated endocytosis
    (CME). The mechanistic basis of the developmental function of GN, distinct from
    the other ARF-GEFs including its closest homologue GNOM-LIKE1 (GNL1), remains
    elusive. Insights from this study largely extend the current notions of GN function.
    We show that GN, but not GNL1, localizes to the cell periphery at long-lived structures
    distinct from clathrin-coated pits, while CME and secretion proceed normally in
    <jats:italic>gn</jats:italic> knockouts. The functional GN mutant variant GN<jats:sup>fewerroots</jats:sup>,
    absent from the GA, suggests that the cell periphery is the major site of GN action
    responsible for its developmental function. Following inhibition by Brefeldin
    A, GN, but not GNL1, relocates to the PM likely on exocytic vesicles, suggesting
    selective molecular associations en route to the cell periphery. A study of GN-GNL1
    chimeric ARF-GEFs indicates that all GN domains contribute to the specific GN
    function in a partially redundant manner. Together, this study offers significant
    steps toward the elucidation of the mechanism underlying unique cellular and development
    functions of GNOM.
acknowledgement: "The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Xixi Zhang for
  cloning the GNL1/pDONR221 construct and for useful discussions.H2020 European Research\r\nCouncil
  Advanced Grant ETAP742985 to Jiří Friml, Austrian Science Fund I 3630-B25 to Jiří
  Friml"
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Maciek
  full_name: Adamowski, Maciek
  id: 45F536D2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Adamowski
  orcid: 0000-0001-6463-5257
- first_name: Ivana
  full_name: Matijevic, Ivana
  id: 83c17ce3-15b2-11ec-abd3-f486545870bd
  last_name: Matijevic
- first_name: Jiří
  full_name: Friml, Jiří
  id: 4159519E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Friml
  orcid: 0000-0002-8302-7596
citation:
  ama: Adamowski M, Matijevic I, Friml J. Developmental patterning function of GNOM
    ARF-GEF mediated from the cell periphery. <i>eLife</i>. 2024;13. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.68993">10.7554/elife.68993</a>
  apa: Adamowski, M., Matijevic, I., &#38; Friml, J. (2024). Developmental patterning
    function of GNOM ARF-GEF mediated from the cell periphery. <i>ELife</i>. eLife
    Sciences Publications. <a href="https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.68993">https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.68993</a>
  chicago: Adamowski, Maciek, Ivana Matijevic, and Jiří Friml. “Developmental Patterning
    Function of GNOM ARF-GEF Mediated from the Cell Periphery.” <i>ELife</i>. eLife
    Sciences Publications, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.68993">https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.68993</a>.
  ieee: M. Adamowski, I. Matijevic, and J. Friml, “Developmental patterning function
    of GNOM ARF-GEF mediated from the cell periphery,” <i>eLife</i>, vol. 13. eLife
    Sciences Publications, 2024.
  ista: Adamowski M, Matijevic I, Friml J. 2024. Developmental patterning function
    of GNOM ARF-GEF mediated from the cell periphery. eLife. 13.
  mla: Adamowski, Maciek, et al. “Developmental Patterning Function of GNOM ARF-GEF
    Mediated from the Cell Periphery.” <i>ELife</i>, vol. 13, eLife Sciences Publications,
    2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.68993">10.7554/elife.68993</a>.
  short: M. Adamowski, I. Matijevic, J. Friml, ELife 13 (2024).
date_created: 2024-02-27T07:10:11Z
date_published: 2024-02-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-28T12:29:43Z
day: '21'
ddc:
- '580'
department:
- _id: JiFr
doi: 10.7554/elife.68993
ec_funded: 1
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        13'
keyword:
- General Immunology and Microbiology
- General Biochemistry
- Genetics and Molecular Biology
- General Medicine
- General Neuroscience
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.68993
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 261099A6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '742985'
  name: Tracing Evolution of Auxin Transport and Polarity in Plants
- _id: 26538374-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: I03630
  name: Molecular mechanisms of endocytic cargo recognition in plants
publication: eLife
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2050-084X
publication_status: epub_ahead
publisher: eLife Sciences Publications
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Developmental patterning function of GNOM ARF-GEF mediated from the cell periphery
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 13
year: '2024'
...
---
_id: '12163'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Small GTPases play essential roles in the organization of eukaryotic cells.
    In recent years, it has become clear that their intracellular functions result
    from intricate biochemical networks of the GTPase and their regulators that dynamically
    bind to a membrane surface. Due to the inherent complexities of their interactions,
    however, revealing the underlying mechanisms of action is often difficult to achieve
    from in vivo studies. This review summarizes in vitro reconstitution approaches
    developed to obtain a better mechanistic understanding of how small GTPase activities
    are regulated in space and time.
acknowledgement: The authors acknowledge support from IST Austria and helpful comments
  from the anonymous reviewers that helped to improve this manuscript. We apologize
  to the authors of primary literature and outstanding research not cited here due
  to space restraints.
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: review
author:
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Loose, Martin
  id: 462D4284-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Loose
  orcid: 0000-0001-7309-9724
- first_name: Albert
  full_name: Auer, Albert
  id: 3018E8C2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Auer
  orcid: 0000-0002-3580-2906
- first_name: Gabriel
  full_name: Brognara, Gabriel
  id: D96FFDA0-A884-11E9-9968-DC26E6697425
  last_name: Brognara
- first_name: Hanifatul R
  full_name: Budiman, Hanifatul R
  id: 55380f95-15b2-11ec-abd3-aff8e230696b
  last_name: Budiman
- first_name: Lukasz M
  full_name: Kowalski, Lukasz M
  id: e3a512e2-4bbe-11eb-a68a-e3857a7844c2
  last_name: Kowalski
- first_name: Ivana
  full_name: Matijevic, Ivana
  id: 83c17ce3-15b2-11ec-abd3-f486545870bd
  last_name: Matijevic
citation:
  ama: Loose M, Auer A, Brognara G, Budiman HR, Kowalski LM, Matijevic I. In vitro
    reconstitution of small GTPase regulation. <i>FEBS Letters</i>. 2023;597(6):762-777.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.14540">10.1002/1873-3468.14540</a>
  apa: Loose, M., Auer, A., Brognara, G., Budiman, H. R., Kowalski, L. M., &#38; Matijevic,
    I. (2023). In vitro reconstitution of small GTPase regulation. <i>FEBS Letters</i>.
    Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.14540">https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.14540</a>
  chicago: Loose, Martin, Albert Auer, Gabriel Brognara, Hanifatul R Budiman, Lukasz
    M Kowalski, and Ivana Matijevic. “In Vitro Reconstitution of Small GTPase Regulation.”
    <i>FEBS Letters</i>. Wiley, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.14540">https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.14540</a>.
  ieee: M. Loose, A. Auer, G. Brognara, H. R. Budiman, L. M. Kowalski, and I. Matijevic,
    “In vitro reconstitution of small GTPase regulation,” <i>FEBS Letters</i>, vol.
    597, no. 6. Wiley, pp. 762–777, 2023.
  ista: Loose M, Auer A, Brognara G, Budiman HR, Kowalski LM, Matijevic I. 2023. In
    vitro reconstitution of small GTPase regulation. FEBS Letters. 597(6), 762–777.
  mla: Loose, Martin, et al. “In Vitro Reconstitution of Small GTPase Regulation.”
    <i>FEBS Letters</i>, vol. 597, no. 6, Wiley, 2023, pp. 762–77, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.14540">10.1002/1873-3468.14540</a>.
  short: M. Loose, A. Auer, G. Brognara, H.R. Budiman, L.M. Kowalski, I. Matijevic,
    FEBS Letters 597 (2023) 762–777.
date_created: 2023-01-12T12:09:58Z
date_published: 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-16T08:32:29Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: MaLo
doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.14540
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000891573000001'
  pmid:
  - '36448231'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 7492244d3f9c5faa1347ef03f6e5bc84
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2023-08-16T08:31:04Z
  date_updated: 2023-08-16T08:31:04Z
  file_id: '14063'
  file_name: 2023_FEBSLetters_Loose.pdf
  file_size: 3148143
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-08-16T08:31:04Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       597'
isi: 1
issue: '6'
keyword:
- Cell Biology
- Genetics
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
- Structural Biology
- Biophysics
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 762-777
pmid: 1
publication: FEBS Letters
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1873-3468
  issn:
  - 0014-5793
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: In vitro reconstitution of small GTPase regulation
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
    (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
  short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 597
year: '2023'
...