[{"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","supplementarymaterial":"yes","researchdata_availability":"yes","citation":{"ieee":"M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15. Springer Nature, 2024.","short":"M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra, A. Ballabio, J.L. Aguilera Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R. Seoane Souto, M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 15 (2024).","ama":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2024;15. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>","apa":"Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., de Gijsel, T., Jung, J., Calcaterra, S., … Katsaros, G. (2024). Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>","mla":"Valentini, Marco, et al. “Parity-Conserving Cooper-Pair Transport and Ideal Superconducting Diode in Planar Germanium.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 15, 169, Springer Nature, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>.","ista":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, de Gijsel T, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio A, Aguilera Servin JL, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Seoane Souto R, Leijnse M, Danon J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. 2024. Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium. Nature Communications. 15, 169.","chicago":"Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Parity-Conserving Cooper-Pair Transport and Ideal Superconducting Diode in Planar Germanium.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0</a>."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"article_number":"169","file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2024_NatureComm_Valentini.pdf","success":1,"checksum":"ef79173b45eeaf984ffa61ef2f8a52ab","relation":"main_file","creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2024-01-17T11:03:00Z","file_size":2336595,"date_created":"2024-01-17T11:03:00Z","file_id":"14825"}],"department":[{"_id":"GeKa"}],"month":"01","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"publication_status":"published","file_date_updated":"2024-01-17T11:03:00Z","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"intvolume":"        15","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing interest in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement semiconductor technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of new ideas such as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this work, we engineer the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium hole gas by varying the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We demonstrate a hard superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux tunable superconducting diode using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). This allows to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a regime where single Cooper pair tunneling is suppressed, creating a sin(2y) CPR. Shapiro experiments complement this interpretation and the microwave drive allows to create a diode with ≈ 100% efficiency. The reported results open up the path towards integration of spin qubit devices, microwave resonators and (protected) superconducting qubits on  the same silicon technology compatible platform."}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","article_type":"original","date_created":"2024-01-14T23:00:56Z","volume":15,"title":"Parity-conserving Cooper-pair transport and ideal superconducting diode in planar germanium","oa_version":"Published Version","author":[{"first_name":"Marco","full_name":"Valentini, Marco","id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","last_name":"Valentini"},{"last_name":"Sagi","full_name":"Sagi, Oliver","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","first_name":"Oliver"},{"last_name":"Baghumyan","full_name":"Baghumyan, Levon","id":"7aa1f788-b527-11ee-aa9e-e6111a79e0c7","first_name":"Levon"},{"first_name":"Thijs","last_name":"de Gijsel","full_name":"de Gijsel, Thijs","id":"a0ece13c-b527-11ee-929d-bad130106eee"},{"id":"4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Jung, Jason","last_name":"Jung","first_name":"Jason"},{"full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra","first_name":"Stefano"},{"last_name":"Ballabio","full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea","first_name":"Andrea"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-2862-8372","first_name":"Juan L","last_name":"Aguilera Servin","full_name":"Aguilera Servin, Juan L","id":"2A67C376-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-9985-9293","first_name":"Kushagra","full_name":"Aggarwal, Kushagra","id":"b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb","last_name":"Aggarwal"},{"last_name":"Janik","id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Janik, Marian","first_name":"Marian"},{"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Adletzberger","id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Adletzberger, Thomas"},{"last_name":"Seoane Souto","full_name":"Seoane Souto, Rubén","first_name":"Rubén"},{"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Leijnse","full_name":"Leijnse, Martin"},{"last_name":"Danon","full_name":"Danon, Jeroen","first_name":"Jeroen"},{"last_name":"Schrade","full_name":"Schrade, Constantin","first_name":"Constantin"},{"first_name":"Erik","full_name":"Bakkers, Erik","last_name":"Bakkers"},{"full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel","last_name":"Chrastina","first_name":"Daniel"},{"last_name":"Isella","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni","first_name":"Giovanni"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Katsaros"}],"APC_amount":"12345","scopus_import":"1","oaworkID":1,"day":"02","acknowledgement":"We acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa, Francesco Giazotto, Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano Scappucci, Christian Schonenberger, and Lukas Splitthoff for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the support in the TEM analysis. This research and related results were made possible with the support of the NOMIS\r\nFoundation. It was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research andinnovation programme under Grant Agreement No 862046, the HORIZONRIA\r\n101069515 project, the European Innovation Council Pathfinder grant no. 101115315 (QuKiT), and the FWF Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. R.S.S. acknowledges Spanish CM “Talento Program\"\r\nProject No. 2022-T1/IND-24070. J.J. acknowledges European Research Council TOCINA 834290.","date_published":"2024-01-02T00:00:00Z","pmid":1,"ec_funded":1,"project":[{"_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","grant_number":"862046","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"34c0acea-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8775e10fd452","name":"Integrated GermaNIum quanTum tEchnology","grant_number":"101069515"},{"name":"Quantum bits with Kitaev Transmons","grant_number":"101115315","_id":"bdc2ca30-d553-11ed-ba76-cf164a5bb811"},{"_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","grant_number":"P32235"},{"_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a","grant_number":"P36507","name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge"},{"_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e","grant_number":"F8606","name":"Conventional and unconventional topological superconductors"}],"status":"public","publication":"Nature Communications","external_id":{"oaworkID":["w4390499170"],"pmid":["38167818"]},"year":"2024","quality_controlled":"1","ddc":["530"],"type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2026-02-26T11:39:00Z","dataavailabilitystatement":"All experimental data included in this work are available at https://zenodo.org/records/10119346.","_id":"14793","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-44114-0","article_processing_charge":"Yes"},{"keyword":["Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics"],"year":"2023","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"13286"}]},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2306.07109"]},"ec_funded":1,"acknowledgement":"The authors acknowledge Alexander Brinkmann, Alessandro Crippa, Andrew Higginbotham, Andrea Iorio, Giordano\r\nScappucci and Christian Schonenberger for helpful discussions. We thank Marcel Verheijen for the support in the\r\nTEM analysis. This research and related results were made\r\npossible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation. It was\r\nsupported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the\r\nnanofabrication facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020\r\nresearch and innovation programme under Grant Agreement\r\nNo 862046, the HORIZON-RIA 101069515 project and the\r\nFWF Projects #P-32235, #P-36507 and #F-8606. R.S.S.\r\nacknowledges Spanish CM “Talento Program” Project No.\r\n2022-T1/IND-24070.","date_published":"2023-06-13T00:00:00Z","status":"public","publication":"arXiv","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"862046","name":"TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS","_id":"237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"_id":"237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","name":"Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices","grant_number":"P32235","call_identifier":"FWF"},{"_id":"bd8bd29e-d553-11ed-ba76-f0070d4b237a","grant_number":"P36507","name":"Merging spin and superconducting qubits in planar Ge"},{"grant_number":"F8606","name":"Conventional and unconventional topological superconductors","_id":"34a66131-11ca-11ed-8bc3-a31681c6b03e"},{"_id":"bd5b4ec5-d553-11ed-ba76-a6eedb083344","name":"Protected states of quantum matter"}],"_id":"13312","date_updated":"2024-02-07T07:52:32Z","type":"preprint","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109","open_access":"1"}],"ddc":["530"],"department":[{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"article_number":"2306.07109","month":"06","arxiv":1,"citation":{"ama":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, et al. Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>","short":"M. Valentini, O. Sagi, L. Baghumyan, T. de Gijsel, J. Jung, S. Calcaterra, A. Ballabio, J.A. Servin, K. Aggarwal, M. Janik, T. Adletzberger, R.S. Souto, M. Leijnse, J. Danon, C. Schrade, E. Bakkers, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, ArXiv (n.d.).","ieee":"M. Valentini <i>et al.</i>, “Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas,” <i>arXiv</i>. .","ista":"Valentini M, Sagi O, Baghumyan L, Gijsel T de, Jung J, Calcaterra S, Ballabio A, Servin JA, Aggarwal K, Janik M, Adletzberger T, Souto RS, Leijnse M, Danon J, Schrade C, Bakkers E, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. arXiv, 2306.07109.","chicago":"Valentini, Marco, Oliver Sagi, Levon Baghumyan, Thijs de Gijsel, Jason Jung, Stefano Calcaterra, Andrea Ballabio, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting Diode and Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium Hole Gas.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>.","mla":"Valentini, Marco, et al. “Radio Frequency Driven Superconducting Diode and Parity Conserving  Cooper Pair Transport in a Two-Dimensional Germanium Hole Gas.” <i>ArXiv</i>, 2306.07109, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>.","apa":"Valentini, M., Sagi, O., Baghumyan, L., Gijsel, T. de, Jung, J., Calcaterra, S., … Katsaros, G. (n.d.). Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.07109</a>"},"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_created":"2023-07-26T11:17:20Z","day":"13","author":[{"last_name":"Valentini","id":"C0BB2FAC-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","full_name":"Valentini, Marco","first_name":"Marco"},{"last_name":"Sagi","full_name":"Sagi, Oliver","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","first_name":"Oliver"},{"last_name":"Baghumyan","full_name":"Baghumyan, Levon","first_name":"Levon"},{"last_name":"Gijsel","full_name":"Gijsel, Thijs de","first_name":"Thijs de"},{"last_name":"Jung","id":"4C9ACE7A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Jung, Jason","first_name":"Jason"},{"first_name":"Stefano","last_name":"Calcaterra","full_name":"Calcaterra, Stefano"},{"last_name":"Ballabio","full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea","first_name":"Andrea"},{"full_name":"Servin, Juan Aguilera","last_name":"Servin","first_name":"Juan Aguilera"},{"last_name":"Aggarwal","full_name":"Aggarwal, Kushagra","id":"b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb","orcid":"0000-0001-9985-9293","first_name":"Kushagra"},{"id":"396A1950-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Janik, Marian","last_name":"Janik","first_name":"Marian"},{"last_name":"Adletzberger","id":"38756BB2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Adletzberger, Thomas","first_name":"Thomas"},{"full_name":"Souto, Rubén Seoane","last_name":"Souto","first_name":"Rubén Seoane"},{"first_name":"Martin","full_name":"Leijnse, Martin","last_name":"Leijnse"},{"last_name":"Danon","full_name":"Danon, Jeroen","first_name":"Jeroen"},{"first_name":"Constantin","full_name":"Schrade, Constantin","last_name":"Schrade"},{"last_name":"Bakkers","full_name":"Bakkers, Erik","first_name":"Erik"},{"first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel","last_name":"Chrastina"},{"last_name":"Isella","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni","first_name":"Giovanni"},{"first_name":"Georgios","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros"}],"title":"Radio frequency driven superconducting diode and parity conserving  Cooper pair transport in a two-dimensional germanium hole gas","oa_version":"Preprint","publication_status":"submitted","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Superconductor/semiconductor hybrid devices have attracted increasing\r\ninterest in the past years. Superconducting electronics aims to complement\r\nsemiconductor technology, while hybrid architectures are at the forefront of\r\nnew ideas such as topological superconductivity and protected qubits. In this\r\nwork, we engineer the induced superconductivity in two-dimensional germanium\r\nhole gas by varying the distance between the quantum well and the aluminum. We\r\ndemonstrate a hard superconducting gap and realize an electrically and flux\r\ntunable superconducting diode using a superconducting quantum interference\r\ndevice (SQUID). This allows to tune the current phase relation (CPR), to a\r\nregime where single Cooper pair tunneling is suppressed, creating a $ \\sin\r\n\\left( 2 \\varphi \\right)$ CPR. Shapiro experiments complement this\r\ninterpretation and the microwave drive allows to create a diode with $ \\approx\r\n100 \\%$ efficiency. The reported results open up the path towards monolithic\r\nintegration of spin qubit devices, microwave resonators and (protected)\r\nsuperconducting qubits on a silicon technology compatible platform."}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"}},{"department":[{"_id":"GeKa"},{"_id":"NanoFab"},{"_id":"GradSch"}],"arxiv":1,"month":"08","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","issue":"8","citation":{"ama":"Jirovec D, Hofmann AC, Ballabio A, et al. A singlet triplet hole spin qubit in planar Ge. <i>Nature Materials</i>. 2021;20(8):1106–1112. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2\">10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2</a>","ieee":"D. Jirovec <i>et al.</i>, “A singlet triplet hole spin qubit in planar Ge,” <i>Nature Materials</i>, vol. 20, no. 8. Springer Nature, pp. 1106–1112, 2021.","short":"D. Jirovec, A.C. Hofmann, A. Ballabio, P.M. Mutter, G. Tavani, M. Botifoll, A. Crippa, J. Kukucka, O. Sagi, F. Martins, J. Saez Mollejo, I. Prieto Gonzalez, M. Borovkov, J. Arbiol, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, Nature Materials 20 (2021) 1106–1112.","ista":"Jirovec D, Hofmann AC, Ballabio A, Mutter PM, Tavani G, Botifoll M, Crippa A, Kukucka J, Sagi O, Martins F, Saez Mollejo J, Prieto Gonzalez I, Borovkov M, Arbiol J, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. 2021. A singlet triplet hole spin qubit in planar Ge. Nature Materials. 20(8), 1106–1112.","chicago":"Jirovec, Daniel, Andrea C Hofmann, Andrea Ballabio, Philipp M. Mutter, Giulio Tavani, Marc Botifoll, Alessandro Crippa, et al. “A Singlet Triplet Hole Spin Qubit in Planar Ge.” <i>Nature Materials</i>. Springer Nature, 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2</a>.","apa":"Jirovec, D., Hofmann, A. C., Ballabio, A., Mutter, P. M., Tavani, G., Botifoll, M., … Katsaros, G. (2021). A singlet triplet hole spin qubit in planar Ge. <i>Nature Materials</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2</a>","mla":"Jirovec, Daniel, et al. “A Singlet Triplet Hole Spin Qubit in Planar Ge.” <i>Nature Materials</i>, vol. 20, no. 8, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 1106–1112, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2\">10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2</a>."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"article_type":"original","date_created":"2020-12-02T10:50:47Z","volume":20,"oa_version":"Preprint","title":"A singlet triplet hole spin qubit in planar Ge","author":[{"last_name":"Jirovec","full_name":"Jirovec, Daniel","id":"4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Daniel","orcid":"0000-0002-7197-4801"},{"first_name":"Andrea C","last_name":"Hofmann","full_name":"Hofmann, Andrea C","id":"340F461A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Andrea","full_name":"Ballabio, Andrea","last_name":"Ballabio"},{"full_name":"Mutter, Philipp M.","last_name":"Mutter","first_name":"Philipp M."},{"first_name":"Giulio","full_name":"Tavani, Giulio","last_name":"Tavani"},{"first_name":"Marc","full_name":"Botifoll, Marc","last_name":"Botifoll"},{"id":"1F2B21A2-F6E7-11E9-9B82-F7DBE5697425","full_name":"Crippa, Alessandro","last_name":"Crippa","orcid":"0000-0002-2968-611X","first_name":"Alessandro"},{"last_name":"Kukucka","full_name":"Kukucka, Josip","id":"3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Josip"},{"last_name":"Sagi","full_name":"Sagi, Oliver","id":"71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425","first_name":"Oliver"},{"last_name":"Martins","full_name":"Martins, Frederico","id":"38F80F9A-1CB8-11EA-BC76-B49B3DDC885E","orcid":"0000-0003-2668-2401","first_name":"Frederico"},{"first_name":"Jaime","id":"e0390f72-f6e0-11ea-865d-862393336714","full_name":"Saez Mollejo, Jaime","last_name":"Saez Mollejo"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-7370-5357","first_name":"Ivan","id":"2A307FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Prieto Gonzalez, Ivan","last_name":"Prieto Gonzalez"},{"first_name":"Maksim","full_name":"Borovkov, Maksim","id":"2ac7a0a2-3562-11eb-9256-fbd18ea55087","last_name":"Borovkov"},{"last_name":"Arbiol","full_name":"Arbiol, Jordi","first_name":"Jordi"},{"first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Chrastina, Daniel","last_name":"Chrastina"},{"first_name":"Giovanni","last_name":"Isella","full_name":"Isella, Giovanni"},{"id":"38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Katsaros, Georgios","last_name":"Katsaros","orcid":"0000-0001-8342-202X","first_name":"Georgios"}],"scopus_import":"1","day":"01","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1476-4660"],"issn":["1476-1122"]},"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"        20","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Spin qubits are considered to be among the most promising candidates for building a quantum processor. Group IV hole spin qubits have moved into the focus of interest due to the ease of operation and compatibility with Si technology. In addition, Ge offers the option for monolithic superconductor-semiconductor integration. Here we demonstrate a hole spin qubit operating at fields below 10 mT, the critical field of Al, by exploiting the large out-of-plane hole g-factors in planar Ge and by encoding the qubit into the singlet-triplet states of a double quantum dot. We observe electrically controlled X and Z-rotations with tunable frequencies exceeding 100 MHz and dephasing times of 1μs which we extend beyond 15μs with echo techniques. These results show that Ge hole singlet triplet qubits outperform their electronic Si and GaAs based counterparts in speed and coherence, respectively. In addition, they are on par with Ge single spin qubits, but can be operated at much lower fields underlining their potential for on chip integration with superconducting technologies."}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"},{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000657596400001"],"arxiv":["2011.13755"]},"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"9323","relation":"research_data","status":"public"},{"id":"10058","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}],"link":[{"url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/quantum-computing-with-holes/","description":"News on IST Homepage","relation":"press_release"}]},"isi":1,"year":"2021","acknowledgement":"This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria through resources provided by the Miba Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility, and was made possible with the support of the NOMIS Foundation. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreements no. 844511 and no. 75441, and by the Austrian Science Fund FWF-P 30207 project. A.B. acknowledges support from the European Union Horizon 2020 FET project microSPIRE, no. 766955. M. Botifoll and J.A. acknowledge funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 SGR 327. The Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) is supported by the Severo Ochoa programme from the Spanish Ministery of Economy (MINECO) (grant no. SEV-2017-0706) and is funded by the Catalonian Research Centre (CERCA) Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present work has been performed within the framework of the Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona Materials Science PhD programme. Part of the HAADF scanning transmission electron microscopy was conducted in the Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas at Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza. ICN2 acknowledge support from the Spanish Superior Council of Scientific Research (CSIC) Research Platform on Quantum Technologies PTI-001. M.B. acknowledges funding from the Catalan Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) Generalitat de Catalunya formation of investigators (FI) PhD grant.","date_published":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","ec_funded":1,"project":[{"_id":"26A151DA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"844511","name":"Majorana bound states in Ge/SiGe heterostructures","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","grant_number":"754411","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Hole spin orbit qubits in Ge quantum wells","grant_number":"P30207","_id":"2641CE5E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"name":"Hybrid Semiconductor - Superconductor Quantum Devices","_id":"262116AA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"publication":"Nature Materials","status":"public","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2024-03-25T23:30:14Z","_id":"8909","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2","article_processing_charge":"No","quality_controlled":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.13755"}],"page":"1106–1112"}]