[{"license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","tmp":{"image":"/images/cc_by_nc_nd.png","name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode","short":"CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"text":"Fragmented landscapes pose a significant threat to the persistence of species as they are highly susceptible to heightened risk of extinction due to the combined effects of genetic and demographic factors such as genetic drift and demographic stochasticity. This paper explores the intricate interplay between genetic load and extinction risk within metapopulations with a focus on understanding the impact of eco-evolutionary feedback mechanisms. We distinguish between two models of selection: soft selection, characterised by subpopulations maintaining carrying capacity despite load, and hard selection, where load can significantly affect population size. Within the soft selection framework, we investigate the impact of gene flow on genetic load at a single locus, while also considering the effect of selection strength and dominance coefficient. We subsequently build on this to examine how gene flow influences both population size and load under hard selection as well as identify critical thresholds for metapopulation persistence. Our analysis employs the diffusion, semi-deterministic and effective migration approximations. Our findings reveal that under soft selection, even modest levels of migration can significantly alleviate the burden of load. In sharp contrast, with hard selection, a much higher degree of gene flow is required to mitigate load and prevent the collapse of the metapopulation. Overall, this study sheds light into the crucial role migration plays in shaping the dynamics of genetic load and extinction risk in fragmented landscapes, offering valuable insights for conservation strategies and the preservation of diversity in a changing world.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_status":"submitted","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.02.569702v1"}],"title":"Genetic load, eco-evolutionary feedback and extinction in a metapopulation","oa_version":"Preprint","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"04","doi":"10.1101/2023.12.02.569702","author":[{"last_name":"Olusanya","full_name":"Olusanya, Oluwafunmilola O","id":"41AD96DC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Oluwafunmilola O","orcid":"0000-0003-1971-8314"},{"last_name":"Khudiakova","full_name":"Khudiakova, Kseniia","id":"4E6DC800-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425","orcid":"0000-0002-6246-1465","first_name":"Kseniia"},{"first_name":"Himani","id":"42377A0A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Sachdeva, Himani","last_name":"Sachdeva"}],"date_created":"2024-01-04T09:35:54Z","type":"preprint","_id":"14732","date_updated":"2025-05-26T09:05:10Z","publication":"bioRxiv","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","project":[{"_id":"c08d3278-5a5b-11eb-8a69-fdb09b55f4b8","grant_number":"P32896","name":"Causes and consequences of population fragmentation"},{"_id":"34d33d68-11ca-11ed-8bc3-ec13763c0ca8","name":"The impact of deleterious mutations on small populations","grant_number":"26293"},{"grant_number":"26380","name":"Polygenic Adaptation in a Metapopulation","_id":"34c872fe-11ca-11ed-8bc3-8534b82131e6"}],"oa":1,"user_id":"8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9","date_published":"2023-12-04T00:00:00Z","citation":{"ama":"Olusanya OO, Khudiakova K, Sachdeva H. Genetic load, eco-evolutionary feedback and extinction in a metapopulation. <i>bioRxiv</i>. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.02.569702\">10.1101/2023.12.02.569702</a>","ieee":"O. O. Olusanya, K. Khudiakova, and H. Sachdeva, “Genetic load, eco-evolutionary feedback and extinction in a metapopulation,” <i>bioRxiv</i>. .","short":"O.O. Olusanya, K. Khudiakova, H. Sachdeva, BioRxiv (n.d.).","ista":"Olusanya OO, Khudiakova K, Sachdeva H. Genetic load, eco-evolutionary feedback and extinction in a metapopulation. bioRxiv, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.02.569702\">10.1101/2023.12.02.569702</a>.","chicago":"Olusanya, Oluwafunmilola O, Kseniia Khudiakova, and Himani Sachdeva. “Genetic Load, Eco-Evolutionary Feedback and Extinction in a Metapopulation.” <i>BioRxiv</i>, n.d. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.02.569702\">https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.02.569702</a>.","apa":"Olusanya, O. O., Khudiakova, K., &#38; Sachdeva, H. (n.d.). Genetic load, eco-evolutionary feedback and extinction in a metapopulation. <i>bioRxiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.02.569702\">https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.02.569702</a>","mla":"Olusanya, Oluwafunmilola O., et al. “Genetic Load, Eco-Evolutionary Feedback and Extinction in a Metapopulation.” <i>BioRxiv</i>, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.02.569702\">10.1101/2023.12.02.569702</a>."},"month":"12","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"14711","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}]},"year":"2023","department":[{"_id":"NiBa"},{"_id":"JaMa"}]},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"chicago":"Mrnjavac, Andrea, Kseniia Khudiakova, Nicholas H Barton, and Beatriz Vicoso. “Slower-X: Reduced Efficiency of Selection in the Early Stages of X Chromosome Evolution.” <i>Evolution Letters</i>. Oxford University Press, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrac004\">https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrac004</a>.","ista":"Mrnjavac A, Khudiakova K, Barton NH, Vicoso B. 2023. Slower-X: Reduced efficiency of selection in the early stages of X chromosome evolution. Evolution Letters. 7(1), qrac004.","apa":"Mrnjavac, A., Khudiakova, K., Barton, N. H., &#38; Vicoso, B. (2023). Slower-X: Reduced efficiency of selection in the early stages of X chromosome evolution. <i>Evolution Letters</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrac004\">https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrac004</a>","mla":"Mrnjavac, Andrea, et al. “Slower-X: Reduced Efficiency of Selection in the Early Stages of X Chromosome Evolution.” <i>Evolution Letters</i>, vol. 7, no. 1, qrac004, Oxford University Press, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrac004\">10.1093/evlett/qrac004</a>.","ama":"Mrnjavac A, Khudiakova K, Barton NH, Vicoso B. Slower-X: Reduced efficiency of selection in the early stages of X chromosome evolution. <i>Evolution Letters</i>. 2023;7(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/evlett/qrac004\">10.1093/evlett/qrac004</a>","ieee":"A. Mrnjavac, K. Khudiakova, N. H. Barton, and B. Vicoso, “Slower-X: Reduced efficiency of selection in the early stages of X chromosome evolution,” <i>Evolution Letters</i>, vol. 7, no. 1. Oxford University Press, 2023.","short":"A. Mrnjavac, K. Khudiakova, N.H. Barton, B. Vicoso, Evolution Letters 7 (2023)."},"issue":"1","month":"02","article_number":"qrac004","file":[{"creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2023-08-16T11:43:33Z","date_created":"2023-08-16T11:43:33Z","file_size":2592189,"file_id":"14068","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2023_EvLetters_Mrnjavac.pdf","success":1,"checksum":"a240a041cb9b9b7c8ba93a4706674a3f","relation":"main_file"}],"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"BeVi"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Differentiated X chromosomes are expected to have higher rates of adaptive divergence than autosomes, if new beneficial mutations are recessive (the “faster-X effect”), largely because these mutations are immediately exposed to selection in males. The evolution of X chromosomes after they stop recombining in males, but before they become hemizygous, has not been well explored theoretically. We use the diffusion approximation to infer substitution rates of beneficial and deleterious mutations under such a scenario. Our results show that selection is less efficient on diploid X loci than on autosomal and hemizygous X loci under a wide range of parameters. This “slower-X” effect is stronger for genes affecting primarily (or only) male fitness, and for sexually antagonistic genes. These unusual dynamics suggest that some of the peculiar features of X chromosomes, such as the differential accumulation of genes with sex-specific functions, may start arising earlier than previously appreciated.","lang":"eng"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"intvolume":"         7","has_accepted_license":"1","file_date_updated":"2023-08-16T11:43:33Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2056-3744"]},"publication_status":"published","title":"Slower-X: Reduced efficiency of selection in the early stages of X chromosome evolution","oa_version":"Published Version","day":"01","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"first_name":"Andrea","id":"353FAC84-AE61-11E9-8BFC-00D3E5697425","full_name":"Mrnjavac, Andrea","last_name":"Mrnjavac"},{"first_name":"Kseniia","orcid":"0000-0002-6246-1465","full_name":"Khudiakova, Kseniia","id":"4E6DC800-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425","last_name":"Khudiakova"},{"full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Barton","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","first_name":"Nicholas H"},{"first_name":"Beatriz","orcid":"0000-0002-4579-8306","last_name":"Vicoso","id":"49E1C5C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Vicoso, Beatriz"}],"date_created":"2023-02-06T13:59:12Z","article_type":"original","volume":7,"status":"public","publication":"Evolution Letters","project":[{"name":"Optimal Transport and Stochastic Dynamics","grant_number":"716117","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"256E75B8-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"250BDE62-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Prevalence and Influence of Sexual Antagonism on Genome Evolution","grant_number":"715257","call_identifier":"H2020"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank the Vicoso and Barton groups and ISTA Scientific Computing Unit. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. This work was supported by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreements no. 715257 and no. 716117).","date_published":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","ec_funded":1,"pmid":1,"external_id":{"isi":["001021692200001"],"pmid":["37065438"]},"year":"2023","isi":1,"keyword":["Genetics","Ecology","Evolution","Behavior and Systematics"],"ddc":["570"],"quality_controlled":"1","publisher":"Oxford University Press","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","doi":"10.1093/evlett/qrac004","type":"journal_article","_id":"12521","date_updated":"2023-08-16T11:44:32Z"},{"external_id":{"isi":["000812509800001"]},"related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"erratum","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-022-01118-z"}]},"year":"2022","isi":1,"keyword":["Computational Theory and Mathematics","General Agricultural and Biological Sciences","Pharmacology","General Environmental Science","General Biochemistry","Genetics and Molecular Biology","General Mathematics","Immunology","General Neuroscience"],"project":[{"_id":"26580278-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Characterizing the fitness landscape on population and global scales","grant_number":"771209","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"name":"Evolutionary analysis of gene regulation","grant_number":"I05127","_id":"c098eddd-5a5b-11eb-8a69-abe27170a68f"}],"status":"public","publication":"Bulletin of Mathematical Biology","date_published":"2022-06-17T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"We are grateful to Herbert Edelsbrunner and Jeferson Zapata for helpful discussions. Open access funding provided by Austrian Science Fund (FWF). Partially supported by the ERC Consolidator (771209–CharFL) and the FWF Austrian Science Fund (I5127-B) grants to FAK.","ec_funded":1,"publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s11538-022-01029-z","article_processing_charge":"Yes (via OA deal)","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2023-08-03T07:20:53Z","_id":"11447","ddc":["510","570"],"quality_controlled":"1","month":"06","file":[{"file_size":463025,"date_created":"2022-06-20T07:51:32Z","creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2022-06-20T07:51:32Z","file_id":"11455","file_name":"2022_BulletinMathBiology_Saona.pdf","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","checksum":"05a1fe7d10914a00c2bca9b447993a65"}],"article_number":"74","department":[{"_id":"GradSch"},{"_id":"NiBa"},{"_id":"JaMa"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","issue":"8","citation":{"short":"R.J. Saona Urmeneta, F. Kondrashov, K. Khudiakova, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 84 (2022).","ieee":"R. J. Saona Urmeneta, F. Kondrashov, and K. Khudiakova, “Relation between the number of peaks and the number of reciprocal sign epistatic interactions,” <i>Bulletin of Mathematical Biology</i>, vol. 84, no. 8. Springer Nature, 2022.","ama":"Saona Urmeneta RJ, Kondrashov F, Khudiakova K. Relation between the number of peaks and the number of reciprocal sign epistatic interactions. <i>Bulletin of Mathematical Biology</i>. 2022;84(8). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-022-01029-z\">10.1007/s11538-022-01029-z</a>","mla":"Saona Urmeneta, Raimundo J., et al. “Relation between the Number of Peaks and the Number of Reciprocal Sign Epistatic Interactions.” <i>Bulletin of Mathematical Biology</i>, vol. 84, no. 8, 74, Springer Nature, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-022-01029-z\">10.1007/s11538-022-01029-z</a>.","apa":"Saona Urmeneta, R. J., Kondrashov, F., &#38; Khudiakova, K. (2022). Relation between the number of peaks and the number of reciprocal sign epistatic interactions. <i>Bulletin of Mathematical Biology</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-022-01029-z\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-022-01029-z</a>","chicago":"Saona Urmeneta, Raimundo J, Fyodor Kondrashov, and Kseniia Khudiakova. “Relation between the Number of Peaks and the Number of Reciprocal Sign Epistatic Interactions.” <i>Bulletin of Mathematical Biology</i>. Springer Nature, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-022-01029-z\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-022-01029-z</a>.","ista":"Saona Urmeneta RJ, Kondrashov F, Khudiakova K. 2022. Relation between the number of peaks and the number of reciprocal sign epistatic interactions. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology. 84(8), 74."},"title":"Relation between the number of peaks and the number of reciprocal sign epistatic interactions","oa_version":"Published Version","author":[{"full_name":"Saona Urmeneta, Raimundo J","id":"BD1DF4C4-D767-11E9-B658-BC13E6697425","last_name":"Saona Urmeneta","orcid":"0000-0001-5103-038X","first_name":"Raimundo J"},{"last_name":"Kondrashov","id":"44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Kondrashov, Fyodor","first_name":"Fyodor","orcid":"0000-0001-8243-4694"},{"first_name":"Kseniia","orcid":"0000-0002-6246-1465","last_name":"Khudiakova","full_name":"Khudiakova, Kseniia","id":"4E6DC800-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425"}],"scopus_import":"1","day":"17","article_type":"original","date_created":"2022-06-17T16:16:15Z","volume":84,"intvolume":"        84","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"text":"Empirical essays of fitness landscapes suggest that they may be rugged, that is having multiple fitness peaks. Such fitness landscapes, those that have multiple peaks, necessarily have special local structures, called reciprocal sign epistasis (Poelwijk et al. in J Theor Biol 272:141–144, 2011). Here, we investigate the quantitative relationship between the number of fitness peaks and the number of reciprocal sign epistatic interactions. Previously, it has been shown (Poelwijk et al. in J Theor Biol 272:141–144, 2011) that pairwise reciprocal sign epistasis is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the existence of multiple peaks. Applying discrete Morse theory, which to our knowledge has never been used in this context, we extend this result by giving the minimal number of reciprocal sign epistatic interactions required to create a given number of peaks.","lang":"eng"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1522-9602"],"issn":["0092-8240"]},"publication_status":"published","file_date_updated":"2022-06-20T07:51:32Z"},{"date_published":"2021-04-24T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant N 16-14-10173.","status":"public","publication":"Journal of Theoretical Biology","keyword":["General Biochemistry","Genetics and Molecular Biology","Modelling and Simulation","Statistics and Probability","General Immunology and Microbiology","Applied Mathematics","General Agricultural and Biological Sciences","General Medicine"],"isi":1,"year":"2021","external_id":{"isi":["000659161500002"]},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/477489v1"}],"quality_controlled":"1","_id":"9387","date_updated":"2023-08-08T13:32:40Z","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110729","publisher":"Elsevier ","citation":{"ista":"Khudiakova K, Neretina TY, Kondrashov AS. 2021. Two linked loci under mutation-selection balance and Muller’s ratchet. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 524, 110729.","chicago":"Khudiakova, Kseniia, Tatiana Yu. Neretina, and Alexey S. Kondrashov. “Two Linked Loci under Mutation-Selection Balance and Muller’s Ratchet.” <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>. Elsevier , 2021. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110729\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110729</a>.","mla":"Khudiakova, Kseniia, et al. “Two Linked Loci under Mutation-Selection Balance and Muller’s Ratchet.” <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>, vol. 524, 110729, Elsevier , 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110729\">10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110729</a>.","apa":"Khudiakova, K., Neretina, T. Y., &#38; Kondrashov, A. S. (2021). Two linked loci under mutation-selection balance and Muller’s ratchet. <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>. Elsevier . <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110729\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110729</a>","ama":"Khudiakova K, Neretina TY, Kondrashov AS. Two linked loci under mutation-selection balance and Muller’s ratchet. <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>. 2021;524. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110729\">10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110729</a>","short":"K. Khudiakova, T.Y. Neretina, A.S. Kondrashov, Journal of Theoretical Biology 524 (2021).","ieee":"K. Khudiakova, T. Y. Neretina, and A. S. Kondrashov, “Two linked loci under mutation-selection balance and Muller’s ratchet,” <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>, vol. 524. Elsevier , 2021."},"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"GradSch"}],"article_number":"110729","month":"04","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-5193"]},"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"       524","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We report the complete analysis of a deterministic model of deleterious mutations and negative selection against them at two haploid loci without recombination. As long as mutation is a weaker force than selection, mutant alleles remain rare at the only stable equilibrium, and otherwise, a variety of dynamics are possible. If the mutation-free genotype is absent, generally the only stable equilibrium is the one that corresponds to fixation of the mutant allele at the locus where it is less deleterious. This result suggests that fixation of a deleterious allele that follows a click of the Muller’s ratchet is governed by natural selection, instead of random drift."}],"volume":524,"date_created":"2021-05-12T05:58:42Z","article_type":"original","day":"24","author":[{"last_name":"Khudiakova","full_name":"Khudiakova, Kseniia","id":"4E6DC800-AE37-11E9-AC72-31CAE5697425","orcid":"0000-0002-6246-1465","first_name":"Kseniia"},{"full_name":"Neretina, Tatiana Yu.","last_name":"Neretina","first_name":"Tatiana Yu."},{"first_name":"Alexey S.","last_name":"Kondrashov","full_name":"Kondrashov, Alexey S."}],"title":"Two linked loci under mutation-selection balance and Muller’s ratchet","oa_version":"Preprint"}]