---
_id: '12282'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: From a simple thought to a multicellular movement
acknowledgement: The authors want to thank Professors Carrie Bernecky, Tom Henzinger,
  Martin Loose and Gaia Novarino for accepting to be interviewed, thus giving significant
  contribution to the discussion that lead to this article.
article_number: '260017'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Nicole
  full_name: Amberg, Nicole
  id: 4CD6AAC6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Amberg
  orcid: 0000-0002-3183-8207
- first_name: Melissa A
  full_name: Stouffer, Melissa A
  id: 4C9372C4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Stouffer
- first_name: Irene
  full_name: Vercellino, Irene
  id: 3ED6AF16-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vercellino
  orcid: 0000-0001-5618-3449
citation:
  ama: Amberg N, Stouffer MA, Vercellino I. Operation STEM fatale – how an equity,
    diversity and inclusion initiative has brought us to reflect on the current challenges
    in cell biology and science as a whole. <i>Journal of Cell Science</i>. 2022;135(8).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.260017">10.1242/jcs.260017</a>
  apa: Amberg, N., Stouffer, M. A., &#38; Vercellino, I. (2022). Operation STEM fatale
    – how an equity, diversity and inclusion initiative has brought us to reflect
    on the current challenges in cell biology and science as a whole. <i>Journal of
    Cell Science</i>. The Company of Biologists. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.260017">https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.260017</a>
  chicago: Amberg, Nicole, Melissa A Stouffer, and Irene Vercellino. “Operation STEM
    Fatale – How an Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Initiative Has Brought Us to Reflect
    on the Current Challenges in Cell Biology and Science as a Whole.” <i>Journal
    of Cell Science</i>. The Company of Biologists, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.260017">https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.260017</a>.
  ieee: N. Amberg, M. A. Stouffer, and I. Vercellino, “Operation STEM fatale – how
    an equity, diversity and inclusion initiative has brought us to reflect on the
    current challenges in cell biology and science as a whole,” <i>Journal of Cell
    Science</i>, vol. 135, no. 8. The Company of Biologists, 2022.
  ista: Amberg N, Stouffer MA, Vercellino I. 2022. Operation STEM fatale – how an
    equity, diversity and inclusion initiative has brought us to reflect on the current
    challenges in cell biology and science as a whole. Journal of Cell Science. 135(8),
    260017.
  mla: Amberg, Nicole, et al. “Operation STEM Fatale – How an Equity, Diversity and
    Inclusion Initiative Has Brought Us to Reflect on the Current Challenges in Cell
    Biology and Science as a Whole.” <i>Journal of Cell Science</i>, vol. 135, no.
    8, 260017, The Company of Biologists, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.260017">10.1242/jcs.260017</a>.
  short: N. Amberg, M.A. Stouffer, I. Vercellino, Journal of Cell Science 135 (2022).
date_created: 2023-01-16T10:03:14Z
date_published: 2022-04-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-04T10:28:04Z
day: '19'
department:
- _id: SiHi
- _id: LeSa
doi: 10.1242/jcs.260017
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000798123600015'
  pmid:
  - '35438168'
intvolume: '       135'
isi: 1
issue: '8'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa_version: None
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Cell Science
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1477-9137
  issn:
  - 0021-9533
publication_status: published
publisher: The Company of Biologists
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Operation STEM fatale – how an equity, diversity and inclusion initiative has
  brought us to reflect on the current challenges in cell biology and science as a
  whole
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 135
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '12283'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Neurons extend axons to form the complex circuitry of the mature brain. This
    depends on the coordinated response and continuous remodelling of the microtubule
    and F-actin networks in the axonal growth cone. Growth cone architecture remains
    poorly understood at nanoscales. We therefore investigated mouse hippocampal neuron
    growth cones using cryo-electron tomography to directly visualise their three-dimensional
    subcellular architecture with molecular detail. Our data showed that the hexagonal
    arrays of actin bundles that form filopodia penetrate and terminate deep within
    the growth cone interior. We directly observed the modulation of these and other
    growth cone actin bundles by alteration of individual F-actin helical structures.
    Microtubules with blunt, slightly flared or gently curved ends predominated in
    the growth cone, frequently contained lumenal particles and exhibited lattice
    defects. Investigation of the effect of absence of doublecortin, a neurodevelopmental
    cytoskeleton regulator, on growth cone cytoskeleton showed no major anomalies
    in overall growth cone organisation or in F-actin subpopulations. However, our
    data suggested that microtubules sustained more structural defects, highlighting
    the importance of microtubule integrity during growth cone migration.
acknowledgement: "J.A. was supported by a grant from the Medical Research Council
  (MRC), UK (MR/R000352/1) to C.A.M. Cryo-EM data were collected on equipment funded
  by the Wellcome Trust, UK (079605/Z/06/Z) and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences
  Research Council (BBSRC) UK (BB/L014211/1). F.F.’s salary and institute were supported
  by Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), CNRS (Centre
  National de la Recherche Scientifique) and Sorbonne Université. F.F.’s group was
  particularly supported by Agence Nationale de la\r\nRecherche (ANR-16-CE16-0011-03)
  and Seventh Framework Programme (EUHEALTH-\r\n2013, DESIRE, N° 60253; also funding
  M.S.’s salary) and the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST Action
  CA16118). Open Access funding provided by Birkbeck College: Birkbeck University
  of London. Deposited in PMC for immediate release."
article_number: '259234'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Joseph
  full_name: Atherton, Joseph
  last_name: Atherton
- first_name: Melissa A
  full_name: Stouffer, Melissa A
  id: 4C9372C4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Stouffer
- first_name: Fiona
  full_name: Francis, Fiona
  last_name: Francis
- first_name: Carolyn A.
  full_name: Moores, Carolyn A.
  last_name: Moores
citation:
  ama: Atherton J, Stouffer MA, Francis F, Moores CA. Visualising the cytoskeletal
    machinery in neuronal growth cones using cryo-electron tomography. <i>Journal
    of Cell Science</i>. 2022;135(7). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.259234">10.1242/jcs.259234</a>
  apa: Atherton, J., Stouffer, M. A., Francis, F., &#38; Moores, C. A. (2022). Visualising
    the cytoskeletal machinery in neuronal growth cones using cryo-electron tomography.
    <i>Journal of Cell Science</i>. The Company of Biologists. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.259234">https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.259234</a>
  chicago: Atherton, Joseph, Melissa A Stouffer, Fiona Francis, and Carolyn A. Moores.
    “Visualising the Cytoskeletal Machinery in Neuronal Growth Cones Using Cryo-Electron
    Tomography.” <i>Journal of Cell Science</i>. The Company of Biologists, 2022.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.259234">https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.259234</a>.
  ieee: J. Atherton, M. A. Stouffer, F. Francis, and C. A. Moores, “Visualising the
    cytoskeletal machinery in neuronal growth cones using cryo-electron tomography,”
    <i>Journal of Cell Science</i>, vol. 135, no. 7. The Company of Biologists, 2022.
  ista: Atherton J, Stouffer MA, Francis F, Moores CA. 2022. Visualising the cytoskeletal
    machinery in neuronal growth cones using cryo-electron tomography. Journal of
    Cell Science. 135(7), 259234.
  mla: Atherton, Joseph, et al. “Visualising the Cytoskeletal Machinery in Neuronal
    Growth Cones Using Cryo-Electron Tomography.” <i>Journal of Cell Science</i>,
    vol. 135, no. 7, 259234, The Company of Biologists, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.259234">10.1242/jcs.259234</a>.
  short: J. Atherton, M.A. Stouffer, F. Francis, C.A. Moores, Journal of Cell Science
    135 (2022).
date_created: 2023-01-16T10:03:24Z
date_published: 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-04T10:28:34Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: SiHi
doi: 10.1242/jcs.259234
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000783840400010'
  pmid:
  - '35383828'
file:
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  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2023-01-30T11:41:01Z
  date_updated: 2023-01-30T11:41:01Z
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intvolume: '       135'
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keyword:
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language:
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month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Cell Science
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1477-9137
  issn:
  - 0021-9533
publication_status: published
publisher: The Company of Biologists
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Visualising the cytoskeletal machinery in neuronal growth cones using cryo-electron
  tomography
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 135
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...