---
_id: '14489'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Microwave-optics entanglement is a vital component for building hybrid quantum
    networks. Here, a new mechanism for preparing stationary entanglement between
    microwave and optical cavity fields in a cavity optomagnomechanical system is
    proposed. It consists of a magnon mode in a ferrimagnetic crystal that couples
    directly to a microwave cavity mode via the magnetic dipole interaction and indirectly
    to an optical cavity through the deformation displacement of the crystal. The
    mechanical displacement is induced by the magnetostrictive force and coupled to
    the optical cavity via radiation pressure. Both the opto- and magnomechanical
    couplings are dispersive. Magnon–phonon entanglement is created via magnomechanical
    parametric down-conversion, which is further distributed to optical and microwave
    photons via simultaneous optomechanical beamsplitter interaction and electromagnonic
    state-swap interaction, yielding stationary microwave-optics entanglement. The
    microwave-optics entanglement is robust against thermal noise, which will find
    broad potential applications in quantum networks and quantum information processing
    with hybrid quantum systems.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development
  Program of China (Grant no. 2022YFA1405200), the National Natural Science Foundation
  of China (Nos. 92265202), and the European Research Council (ERC CoG Q-ECHOS, 101001005).
article_number: '2200866'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Zhi Yuan
  full_name: Fan, Zhi Yuan
  last_name: Fan
- first_name: Liu
  full_name: Qiu, Liu
  id: 45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac
  last_name: Qiu
  orcid: 0000-0003-4345-4267
- first_name: Simon
  full_name: Gröblacher, Simon
  last_name: Gröblacher
- first_name: Jie
  full_name: Li, Jie
  last_name: Li
citation:
  ama: Fan ZY, Qiu L, Gröblacher S, Li J. Microwave-optics entanglement via cavity
    optomagnomechanics. <i>Laser and Photonics Reviews</i>. 2023;17(12). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202200866">10.1002/lpor.202200866</a>
  apa: Fan, Z. Y., Qiu, L., Gröblacher, S., &#38; Li, J. (2023). Microwave-optics
    entanglement via cavity optomagnomechanics. <i>Laser and Photonics Reviews</i>.
    Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202200866">https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202200866</a>
  chicago: Fan, Zhi Yuan, Liu Qiu, Simon Gröblacher, and Jie Li. “Microwave-Optics
    Entanglement via Cavity Optomagnomechanics.” <i>Laser and Photonics Reviews</i>.
    Wiley, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202200866">https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202200866</a>.
  ieee: Z. Y. Fan, L. Qiu, S. Gröblacher, and J. Li, “Microwave-optics entanglement
    via cavity optomagnomechanics,” <i>Laser and Photonics Reviews</i>, vol. 17, no.
    12. Wiley, 2023.
  ista: Fan ZY, Qiu L, Gröblacher S, Li J. 2023. Microwave-optics entanglement via
    cavity optomagnomechanics. Laser and Photonics Reviews. 17(12), 2200866.
  mla: Fan, Zhi Yuan, et al. “Microwave-Optics Entanglement via Cavity Optomagnomechanics.”
    <i>Laser and Photonics Reviews</i>, vol. 17, no. 12, 2200866, Wiley, 2023, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202200866">10.1002/lpor.202200866</a>.
  short: Z.Y. Fan, L. Qiu, S. Gröblacher, J. Li, Laser and Photonics Reviews 17 (2023).
date_created: 2023-11-05T23:00:54Z
date_published: 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-01-30T14:36:42Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1002/lpor.202200866
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2208.10703'
intvolume: '        17'
issue: '12'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2208.10703
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: Laser and Photonics Reviews
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1863-8899
  issn:
  - 1863-8880
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Microwave-optics entanglement via cavity optomagnomechanics
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 17
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '13106'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Quantum entanglement is a key resource in currently developed quantum technologies.
    Sharing this fragile property between superconducting microwave circuits and optical
    or atomic systems would enable new functionalities, but this has been hindered
    by an energy scale mismatch of >104 and the resulting mutually imposed loss and
    noise. In this work, we created and verified entanglement between microwave and
    optical fields in a millikelvin environment. Using an optically pulsed superconducting
    electro-optical device, we show entanglement between propagating microwave and
    optical fields in the continuous variable domain. This achievement not only paves
    the way for entanglement between superconducting circuits and telecom wavelength
    light, but also has wide-ranging implications for hybrid quantum networks in the
    context of modularization, scaling, sensing, and cross-platform verification.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the European Research Council (grant no.
  758053, ERC StG QUNNECT) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation
  Program (grant no. 899354, FETopen SuperQuLAN). L.Q. acknowledges generous support
  from the ISTFELLOW program. W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship
  with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program
  (Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant no. 754411). G.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship
  of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. J.M.F. acknowledges support
  from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (grant no. F7105) and the European
  Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (grant no. 862644, FETopen
  QUARTET).
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Rishabh
  full_name: Sahu, Rishabh
  id: 47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sahu
  orcid: 0000-0001-6264-2162
- first_name: Liu
  full_name: Qiu, Liu
  id: 45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac
  last_name: Qiu
  orcid: 0000-0003-4345-4267
- first_name: William J
  full_name: Hease, William J
  id: 29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hease
  orcid: 0000-0001-9868-2166
- first_name: Georg M
  full_name: Arnold, Georg M
  id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Arnold
  orcid: 0000-0003-1397-7876
- first_name: Y.
  full_name: Minoguchi, Y.
  last_name: Minoguchi
- first_name: P.
  full_name: Rabl, P.
  last_name: Rabl
- first_name: Johannes M
  full_name: Fink, Johannes M
  id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Fink
  orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
  ama: Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, et al. Entangling microwaves with light. 2023;380:718-721.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812">10.1126/science.adg3812</a>
  apa: Sahu, R., Qiu, L., Hease, W. J., Arnold, G. M., Minoguchi, Y., Rabl, P., &#38;
    Fink, J. M. (2023). <i>Entangling microwaves with light</i>. American Association
    for the Advancement of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812</a>
  chicago: Sahu, Rishabh, Liu Qiu, William J Hease, Georg M Arnold, Y. Minoguchi,
    P. Rabl, and Johannes M Fink. “Entangling Microwaves with Light.” American Association
    for the Advancement of Science, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812</a>.
  ieee: R. Sahu <i>et al.</i>, “Entangling microwaves with light,” American Association
    for the Advancement of Science, 2023.
  ista: Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Minoguchi Y, Rabl P, Fink JM. 2023. Entangling
    microwaves with light. American Association for the Advancement of Science.
  mla: Sahu, Rishabh, et al. <i>Entangling Microwaves with Light</i>. Vol. 380, American
    Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023, pp. 718–21, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812">10.1126/science.adg3812</a>.
  short: R. Sahu, L. Qiu, W.J. Hease, G.M. Arnold, Y. Minoguchi, P. Rabl, J.M. Fink,
    Entangling Microwaves with Light, American Association for the Advancement of
    Science, 2023.
date_created: 2023-05-31T11:39:24Z
date_published: 2023-05-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-07-15T09:17:40Z
day: '18'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1126/science.adg3812
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2301.03315'
  isi:
  - '000996515200004'
intvolume: '       380'
isi: 1
keyword:
- Multidisciplinary
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.03315
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 718-721
project:
- _id: 26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '758053'
  name: A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '899354'
  name: Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: F07105
  name: Integrating superconducting quantum circuits
- _id: 237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '862644'
  name: Quantum readout techniques and technologies
- _id: 2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  name: Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves
    to optical frequencies
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1095-9203
  issn:
  - 0036-8075
publication_status: published
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
related_material:
  link:
  - description: News on ISTA Website
    relation: press_release
    url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/wiring-up-quantum-circuits-with-light/
  record:
  - id: '13122'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
status: public
title: Entangling microwaves with light
type: dissertation
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 380
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '13200'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Recent quantum technologies have established precise quantum control of various
    microscopic systems using electromagnetic waves. Interfaces based on cryogenic
    cavity electro-optic systems are particularly promising, due to the direct interaction
    between microwave and optical fields in the quantum regime. Quantum optical control
    of superconducting microwave circuits has been precluded so far due to the weak
    electro-optical coupling as well as quasi-particles induced by the pump laser.
    Here we report the coherent control of a superconducting microwave cavity using
    laser pulses in a multimode electro-optical device at millikelvin temperature
    with near-unity cooperativity. Both the stationary and instantaneous responses
    of the microwave and optical modes comply with the coherent electro-optical interaction,
    and reveal only minuscule amount of excess back-action with an unanticipated time
    delay. Our demonstration enables wide ranges of applications beyond quantum transductions,
    from squeezing and quantum non-demolition measurements of microwave fields, to
    entanglement generation and hybrid quantum networks.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the European Research Council under grant
  agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
  and innovation program under grant agreement no. 899354 (FETopen SuperQuLAN), and
  the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F7105). L.Q. acknowledges generous
  support from the ISTFELLOW programme. W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral
  fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
  program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 754411. G.A. is the
  recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria.
article_number: '3784'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Liu
  full_name: Qiu, Liu
  id: 45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac
  last_name: Qiu
  orcid: 0000-0003-4345-4267
- first_name: Rishabh
  full_name: Sahu, Rishabh
  id: 47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sahu
  orcid: 0000-0001-6264-2162
- first_name: William J
  full_name: Hease, William J
  id: 29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hease
  orcid: 0000-0001-9868-2166
- first_name: Georg M
  full_name: Arnold, Georg M
  id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Arnold
  orcid: 0000-0003-1397-7876
- first_name: Johannes M
  full_name: Fink, Johannes M
  id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Fink
  orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
  ama: Qiu L, Sahu R, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Fink JM. Coherent optical control of a
    superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action. <i>Nature
    Communications</i>. 2023;14. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3">10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3</a>
  apa: Qiu, L., Sahu, R., Hease, W. J., Arnold, G. M., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2023). Coherent
    optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical
    back-action. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Nature Research. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3</a>
  chicago: Qiu, Liu, Rishabh Sahu, William J Hease, Georg M Arnold, and Johannes M
    Fink. “Coherent Optical Control of a Superconducting Microwave Cavity via Electro-Optical
    Dynamical Back-Action.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Nature Research, 2023. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3</a>.
  ieee: L. Qiu, R. Sahu, W. J. Hease, G. M. Arnold, and J. M. Fink, “Coherent optical
    control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action,”
    <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 14. Nature Research, 2023.
  ista: Qiu L, Sahu R, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Fink JM. 2023. Coherent optical control
    of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action.
    Nature Communications. 14, 3784.
  mla: Qiu, Liu, et al. “Coherent Optical Control of a Superconducting Microwave Cavity
    via Electro-Optical Dynamical Back-Action.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol.
    14, 3784, Nature Research, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3">10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3</a>.
  short: L. Qiu, R. Sahu, W.J. Hease, G.M. Arnold, J.M. Fink, Nature Communications
    14 (2023).
date_created: 2023-07-09T22:01:11Z
date_published: 2023-06-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-08-07T07:11:55Z
day: '24'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2210.12443'
  isi:
  - '001018100800002'
  pmid:
  - '37355691'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: ec7ccd2c08f90d59cab302fd0d7776a4
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: alisjak
  date_created: 2023-07-10T10:10:54Z
  date_updated: 2023-07-10T10:10:54Z
  file_id: '13206'
  file_name: 2023_NatureComms_Qiu.pdf
  file_size: 1349134
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-07-10T10:10:54Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        14'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '758053'
  name: A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '899354'
  name: Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits
- _id: bdb108fd-d553-11ed-ba76-83dc74a9864f
  name: QUANTUM INFORMATION SYSTEMS BEYOND CLASSICAL CAPABILITIES / P5- Integration
    of Superconducting Quantum Circuits
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '291734'
  name: International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme
- _id: 2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  name: Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves
    to optical frequencies
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Research
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Coherent optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical
  dynamical back-action
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 14
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '10924'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Solid-state microwave systems offer strong interactions for fast quantum logic
    and sensing but photons at telecom wavelength are the ideal choice for high-density
    low-loss quantum interconnects. A general-purpose interface that can make use
    of single photon effects requires < 1 input noise quanta, which has remained elusive
    due to either low efficiency or pump induced heating. Here we demonstrate coherent
    electro-optic modulation on nanosecond-timescales with only 0.16+0.02−0.01 microwave
    input noise photons with a total bidirectional transduction efficiency of 8.7%
    (or up to 15% with 0.41+0.02−0.02), as required for near-term heralded quantum
    network protocols. The use of short and high-power optical pump pulses also enables
    near-unity cooperativity of the electro-optic interaction leading to an internal
    pure conversion efficiency of up to 99.5%. Together with the low mode occupancy
    this provides evidence for electro-optic laser cooling and vacuum amplification
    as predicted a decade ago.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
acknowledgement: "The authors thank S. Wald and F. Diorico for their help with optical
  filtering, O. Hosten\r\nand M. Aspelmeyer for equipment, H.G.L. Schwefel for materials
  and discussions, L.\r\nDrmic and P. Zielinski for software support, and the MIBA
  workshop at IST Austria for\r\nmachining the microwave cavity. This work was supported
  by the European Research\r\nCouncil under grant agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT)
  and the European\r\nUnion’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant
  agreement no.\r\n899354 (FETopen SuperQuLAN). W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus
  postdoctoral fellowship\r\nwith funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
  and innovation\r\nprogram under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 754411.
  G.A. is the\r\nrecipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
  at IST Austria. J.M.F.\r\nacknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
  through BeyondC (F7105)\r\nand the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
  programs under grant\r\nagreement no. 862644 (FETopen QUARTET)."
article_number: '1276'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Rishabh
  full_name: Sahu, Rishabh
  id: 47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sahu
  orcid: 0000-0001-6264-2162
- first_name: William J
  full_name: Hease, William J
  id: 29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hease
  orcid: 0000-0001-9868-2166
- first_name: Alfredo R
  full_name: Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R
  id: 3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Rueda Sanchez
  orcid: 0000-0001-6249-5860
- first_name: Georg M
  full_name: Arnold, Georg M
  id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Arnold
  orcid: 0000-0003-1397-7876
- first_name: Liu
  full_name: Qiu, Liu
  id: 45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac
  last_name: Qiu
  orcid: 0000-0003-4345-4267
- first_name: Johannes M
  full_name: Fink, Johannes M
  id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Fink
  orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
  ama: Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. Quantum-enabled
    operation of a microwave-optical interface. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2022;13.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2">10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>
  apa: Sahu, R., Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Arnold, G. M., Qiu, L., &#38;
    Fink, J. M. (2022). Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface.
    <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>
  chicago: Sahu, Rishabh, William J Hease, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Georg M Arnold,
    Liu Qiu, and Johannes M Fink. “Quantum-Enabled Operation of a Microwave-Optical
    Interface.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>.
  ieee: R. Sahu, W. J. Hease, A. R. Rueda Sanchez, G. M. Arnold, L. Qiu, and J. M.
    Fink, “Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface,” <i>Nature
    Communications</i>, vol. 13. Springer Nature, 2022.
  ista: Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. 2022. Quantum-enabled
    operation of a microwave-optical interface. Nature Communications. 13, 1276.
  mla: Sahu, Rishabh, et al. “Quantum-Enabled Operation of a Microwave-Optical Interface.”
    <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 13, 1276, Springer Nature, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2">10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>.
  short: R. Sahu, W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, G.M. Arnold, L. Qiu, J.M. Fink,
    Nature Communications 13 (2022).
date_created: 2022-03-27T22:01:45Z
date_published: 2022-03-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-10-29T09:11:06Z
day: '11'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2107.08303'
  isi:
  - '000767892300013'
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  date_created: 2022-03-28T08:02:12Z
  date_updated: 2022-03-28T08:02:12Z
  file_id: '10929'
  file_name: 2022_NatureCommunications_Sahu.pdf
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file_date_updated: 2022-03-28T08:02:12Z
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intvolume: '        13'
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language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '758053'
  name: A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '899354'
  name: Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: F07105
  name: Integrating superconducting quantum circuits
- _id: 237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '862644'
  name: Quantum readout techniques and technologies
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - '20411723'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '12900'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
  - id: '13175'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 13
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '11353'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Micro- and nanoscale optical or microwave cavities are used in a wide range
    of classical applications and quantum science experiments, ranging from precision
    measurements, laser technologies to quantum control of mechanical motion. The
    dissipative photon loss via absorption, present to some extent in any optical
    cavity, is known to introduce thermo-optical effects and thereby impose fundamental
    limits on precision measurements. Here, we theoretically and experimentally reveal
    that such dissipative photon absorption can result in quantum feedback via in-loop
    field detection of the absorbed optical field, leading to the intracavity field
    fluctuations to be squashed or antisquashed. A closed-loop dissipative quantum
    feedback to the cavity field arises. Strikingly, this modifies the optical cavity
    susceptibility in coherent response measurements (capable of both increasing or
    decreasing the bare cavity linewidth) and causes excess noise and correlations
    in incoherent interferometric optomechanical measurements using a cavity, that
    is parametrically coupled to a mechanical oscillator. We experimentally observe
    such unanticipated dissipative dynamics in optomechanical spectroscopy of sideband-cooled
    optomechanical crystal cavitiess at both cryogenic temperature (approximately
    8 K) and ambient conditions. The dissipative feedback introduces effective modifications
    to the optical cavity linewidth and the optomechanical scattering rate and gives
    rise to excess imprecision noise in the interferometric quantum measurement of
    mechanical motion. Such dissipative feedback differs fundamentally from a quantum
    nondemolition feedback, e.g., optical Kerr squeezing. The dissipative feedback
    itself always results in an antisqueezed out-of-loop optical field, while it can
    enhance the coexisting Kerr squeezing under certain conditions. Our result applies
    to cavity spectroscopy in both optical and superconducting microwave cavities,
    and equally applies to any dissipative feedback mechanism of different bandwidth
    inside the cavity. It has wide-ranging implications for future dissipation engineering,
    such as dissipation enhanced sideband cooling and Kerr squeezing, quantum frequency
    conversion, and nonreciprocity in photonic systems.
acknowledgement: "L.Q. acknowledges fruitful discussions with D. Vitali, R. Schnabel,
  P.K. Lam, A. Nunnenkamp, and D. Malz. This work is supported by the EUH2020 research
  and innovation programme under Grant No. 732894 (FET Proactive HOT), and the European
  Research Council through \r\nGrant No. 835329 (ExCOM-cCEO). This work was further
  supported by Swiss National Science Foundation under Grant Agreements No. 185870
  (Ambizione) and No. 204927. Samples were fabricated at the Center of MicroNanoTechnology
  (CMi) at EPFL and the Binnig and Rohrer Nanotechnology Center at IBM Research-Zurich."
article_number: '020309'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Liu
  full_name: Qiu, Liu
  id: 45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac
  last_name: Qiu
  orcid: 0000-0003-4345-4267
- first_name: Guanhao
  full_name: Huang, Guanhao
  last_name: Huang
- first_name: Itay
  full_name: Shomroni, Itay
  last_name: Shomroni
- first_name: Jiahe
  full_name: Pan, Jiahe
  last_name: Pan
- first_name: Paul
  full_name: Seidler, Paul
  last_name: Seidler
- first_name: Tobias J.
  full_name: Kippenberg, Tobias J.
  last_name: Kippenberg
citation:
  ama: Qiu L, Huang G, Shomroni I, Pan J, Seidler P, Kippenberg TJ. Dissipative quantum
    feedback in measurements using a parametrically coupled microcavity. <i>PRX Quantum</i>.
    2022;3(2). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020309">10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020309</a>
  apa: Qiu, L., Huang, G., Shomroni, I., Pan, J., Seidler, P., &#38; Kippenberg, T.
    J. (2022). Dissipative quantum feedback in measurements using a parametrically
    coupled microcavity. <i>PRX Quantum</i>. American Physical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020309">https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020309</a>
  chicago: Qiu, Liu, Guanhao Huang, Itay Shomroni, Jiahe Pan, Paul Seidler, and Tobias
    J. Kippenberg. “Dissipative Quantum Feedback in Measurements Using a Parametrically
    Coupled Microcavity.” <i>PRX Quantum</i>. American Physical Society, 2022. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020309">https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020309</a>.
  ieee: L. Qiu, G. Huang, I. Shomroni, J. Pan, P. Seidler, and T. J. Kippenberg, “Dissipative
    quantum feedback in measurements using a parametrically coupled microcavity,”
    <i>PRX Quantum</i>, vol. 3, no. 2. American Physical Society, 2022.
  ista: Qiu L, Huang G, Shomroni I, Pan J, Seidler P, Kippenberg TJ. 2022. Dissipative
    quantum feedback in measurements using a parametrically coupled microcavity. PRX
    Quantum. 3(2), 020309.
  mla: Qiu, Liu, et al. “Dissipative Quantum Feedback in Measurements Using a Parametrically
    Coupled Microcavity.” <i>PRX Quantum</i>, vol. 3, no. 2, 020309, American Physical
    Society, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020309">10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020309</a>.
  short: L. Qiu, G. Huang, I. Shomroni, J. Pan, P. Seidler, T.J. Kippenberg, PRX Quantum
    3 (2022).
date_created: 2022-05-08T22:01:43Z
date_published: 2022-04-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-03T07:05:00Z
day: '13'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020309
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000789316700001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 35ff9ddf1d54f64432e435b660edaeb6
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2022-05-09T07:10:51Z
  date_updated: 2022-05-09T07:10:51Z
  file_id: '11358'
  file_name: 2022_PRXQuantum_Qiu.pdf
  file_size: 1657177
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-05-09T07:10:51Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         3'
isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 257EB838-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '732894'
  name: Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies
publication: PRX Quantum
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - '26913399'
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Dissipative quantum feedback in measurements using a parametrically coupled
  microcavity
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 3
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '12088'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We present a quantum-enabled microwave-telecom interface with bidirectional
    conversion efficiencies up to 15% and added input noise quanta as low as 0.16.
    Moreover, we observe evidence for electro-optic laser cooling and vacuum amplification.
article_number: FW4D.4
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Rishabh
  full_name: Sahu, Rishabh
  id: 47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sahu
  orcid: 0000-0001-6264-2162
- first_name: William J
  full_name: Hease, William J
  id: 29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hease
- first_name: Alfredo R
  full_name: Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R
  id: 3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Rueda Sanchez
  orcid: 0000-0001-6249-5860
- first_name: Georg M
  full_name: Arnold, Georg M
  id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Arnold
- first_name: Liu
  full_name: Qiu, Liu
  id: 45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac
  last_name: Qiu
  orcid: 0000-0003-4345-4267
- first_name: Johannes M
  full_name: Fink, Johannes M
  id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Fink
  orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
  ama: 'Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. Realizing a
    quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light. In: <i>Conference
    on Lasers and Electro-Optics</i>. Optica Publishing Group; 2022. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4">10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4</a>'
  apa: 'Sahu, R., Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Arnold, G. M., Qiu, L., &#38;
    Fink, J. M. (2022). Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave
    and telecom light. In <i>Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics</i>. San Jose,
    CA, United States: Optica Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4">https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4</a>'
  chicago: Sahu, Rishabh, William J Hease, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Georg M Arnold,
    Liu Qiu, and Johannes M Fink. “Realizing a Quantum-Enabled Interconnect between
    Microwave and Telecom Light.” In <i>Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics</i>.
    Optica Publishing Group, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4">https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4</a>.
  ieee: R. Sahu, W. J. Hease, A. R. Rueda Sanchez, G. M. Arnold, L. Qiu, and J. M.
    Fink, “Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom
    light,” in <i>Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics</i>, San Jose, CA, United
    States, 2022.
  ista: 'Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. 2022. Realizing
    a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light. Conference
    on Lasers and Electro-Optics. CLEO: QELS Fundamental Science, FW4D.4.'
  mla: Sahu, Rishabh, et al. “Realizing a Quantum-Enabled Interconnect between Microwave
    and Telecom Light.” <i>Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics</i>, FW4D.4, Optica
    Publishing Group, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4">10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4</a>.
  short: R. Sahu, W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, G.M. Arnold, L. Qiu, J.M. Fink,
    in:, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Optica Publishing Group, 2022.
conference:
  end_date: 2022-05-20
  location: San Jose, CA, United States
  name: 'CLEO: QELS Fundamental Science'
  start_date: 2022-05-15
date_created: 2022-09-11T22:01:58Z
date_published: 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-02-13T09:06:10Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa_version: None
publication: Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9781557528209'
publication_status: published
publisher: Optica Publishing Group
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2022'
...