@article{11434,
  abstract     = {The Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) has been declining since the 1950s. However, since 2002 it is reported to have revived. For these observed changes in the ISMR, several explanations have been reported. Among these explanations, however, the role of the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (EEIO) is missing despite being one of the warmest regions in the Indian Ocean, and monotonously warming. A recent study reported that EEIO warming impacts the rainfall over northern India. Here we report that warming in the EEIO weakens the low-level Indian summer monsoon circulation and reduces ISMR. A warm EEIO drives easterly winds in the Indo–Pacific sector as a Gill response. The warm EEIO also enhances nocturnal convection offshore the western coast of Sumatra. The latent heating associated with the increased convection augments the Gill response and the resultant circulation opposes the monsoon low-level circulation and weakens the seasonal rainfall.},
  author       = {Goswami, Bidyut B},
  issn         = {1432-0894},
  journal      = {Climate Dynamics},
  pages        = {427--442},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Role of the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean warming in the Indian summer monsoon rainfall trend}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00382-022-06337-7},
  volume       = {60},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{14564,
  abstract     = {Cumulus parameterization (CP) in state‐of‐the‐art global climate models is based on the quasi‐equilibrium assumption (QEA), which views convection as the action of an ensemble of cumulus clouds, in a state of equilibrium with respect to a slowly varying atmospheric state. This view is not compatible with the organization and dynamical interactions across multiple scales of cloud systems in the tropics and progress in this research area was slow over decades despite the widely recognized major shortcomings. Novel ideas on how to represent key physical processes of moist convection‐large‐scale interaction to overcome the QEA have surged recently. The stochastic multicloud model (SMCM) CP in particular mimics the dynamical interactions of multiple cloud types that characterize organized tropical convection. Here, the SMCM is used to modify the Zhang‐McFarlane (ZM) CP by changing the way in which the bulk mass flux and bulk entrainment and detrainment rates are calculated. This is done by introducing a stochastic ensemble of plumes characterized by randomly varying detrainment level distributions based on the cloud area fraction of the SMCM. The SMCM is here extended to include shallow cumulus clouds resulting in a unified shallow‐deep CP. The new stochastic multicloud plume CP is validated against the control ZM scheme in the context of the single column Community Climate Model of the National Center for Atmospheric Research using data from both tropical ocean and midlatitude land convection. Some key features of the SMCM CP such as it capability to represent the tri‐modal nature of organized convection are emphasized.},
  author       = {Khouider, B. and GOSWAMI, BIDYUT B and Phani, R. and Majda, A. J.},
  issn         = {1942-2466},
  journal      = {Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems},
  keywords     = {General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Global and Planetary Change},
  number       = {11},
  publisher    = {American Geophysical Union},
  title        = {{A shallow‐deep unified stochastic mass flux cumulus parameterization in the single column community climate model}},
  doi          = {10.1029/2022ms003391},
  volume       = {15},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{13256,
  abstract     = {The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian summer monsoon (ISM, or monsoon) are two giants of tropical climate. Here we assess the future evolution of the ENSO-monsoon teleconnection in climate simulations with idealized forcing of CO2 increment at a rate of 1% year-1 starting from a present-day condition (367 p.p.m.) until quadrupling. We find a monotonous weakening of the ENSO-monsoon teleconnection with the increase in CO2. Increased co-occurrences of El Niño and positive Indian Ocean Dipoles (pIODs) in a warmer climate weaken the teleconnection. Co-occurrences of El Niño and pIOD are attributable to mean sea surface temperature (SST) warming that resembles a pIOD-type warming pattern in the Indian Ocean and an El Niño-type warming in the Pacific. Since ENSO is a critical precursor of the strength of the Indian monsoon, a weakening of this relation may mean a less predictable Indian monsoon in a warmer climate.},
  author       = {Goswami, Bidyut B and An, Soon Il},
  issn         = {2397-3722},
  journal      = {npj Climate and Atmospheric Science},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{An assessment of the ENSO-monsoon teleconnection in a warming climate}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41612-023-00411-5},
  volume       = {6},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{12007,
  abstract     = {The Tibetan plateau (TP) plays an important role in the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) dynamics as a heat source during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. A significant contribution to the pre-monsoon TP heating comes from the sensible heat flux (SHF), which depend on the surface properties. A glaciated surface would have a different SHF compared to a non-glaciated surface. Therefore, the TP glaciers potentially can also impact the hydrological cycle in the Asian continent by impacting the ASM rainfall via its contribution to the total plateau heating. However, there is no assessment of this putative link available. Here, we attempt to qualitatively study the role of TP glaciers on ASM by analyzing the sensitivity of an atmospheric model to the absence of TP glaciers. We find that the absence of the glaciers is most felt in climatologically less snowy regions (which are mostly located at the south-central boundary of the TP during the pre-monsoon season), which leads to positive SHF anomalies. The resulting positive diabatic heating leads to rising air in the eastern TP and sinking air in the western TP. This altered circulation in turn leads to a positive SHF memory in the western TP, which persists until the end of the monsoon season. The impact of SHF anomalies on diabatic heating results in a large-scale subsidence over the ASM domain. The net result is a reduced seasonal ASM rainfall. Given the relentless warming and the vulnerability of glaciers to warming, this is another flag in the ASM variability and change that needs further attention.},
  author       = {GOSWAMI, BIDYUT B and An, Soon-Il and Murtugudde, Raghu},
  issn         = {0165-0009},
  journal      = {Climatic Change},
  keywords     = {Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change},
  number       = {3-4},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Role of the Tibetan plateau glaciers in the Asian summer monsoon}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s10584-022-03426-8},
  volume       = {173},
  year         = {2022},
}