---
_id: '10920'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The spin-orbit interaction permits to control the state of a spin qubit via
    electric fields. For holes it is particularly strong, allowing for fast all electrical
    qubit manipulation, and yet an in-depth understanding of this interaction in hole
    systems is missing. Here we investigate, experimentally and theoretically, the
    effect of the cubic Rashba spin-orbit interaction on the mixing of the spin states
    by studying singlet-triplet oscillations in a planar Ge hole double quantum dot.
    Landau-Zener sweeps at different magnetic field directions allow us to disentangle
    the effects of the spin-orbit induced spin-flip term from those caused by strongly
    site-dependent and anisotropic quantum dot g tensors. Our work, therefore, provides
    new insights into the hole spin-orbit interaction, necessary for optimizing future
    qubit experiments.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: "This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of ISTA
  through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility.
  This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
  and innovation program under the Marie\r\nSkłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 844511,
  No. 75441, and by the FWF-P 30207, I05060, and M3032-N projects. A. B. acknowledges
  support from the EU Horizon-2020 FET project microSPIRE, ID: 766955. P.M. M. and
  G. B. acknowledge funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG—German Research
  Foundation) under Project No. 450396347. This work was supported by the Royal Society
  (URF\\R1\\191150) and the European Research Council (Grant Agreement No. 948932),
  N. A. acknowledges the use of the University of Oxford Advanced Research Computing
  (ARC) facility."
article_number: '126803'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Jirovec, Daniel
  id: 4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jirovec
  orcid: 0000-0002-7197-4801
- first_name: Philipp M.
  full_name: Mutter, Philipp M.
  last_name: Mutter
- first_name: Andrea C
  full_name: Hofmann, Andrea C
  id: 340F461A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: Alessandro
  full_name: Crippa, Alessandro
  id: 1F2B21A2-F6E7-11E9-9B82-F7DBE5697425
  last_name: Crippa
  orcid: 0000-0002-2968-611X
- first_name: Marek
  full_name: Rychetsky, Marek
  last_name: Rychetsky
- first_name: David L.
  full_name: Craig, David L.
  last_name: Craig
- first_name: Josip
  full_name: Kukucka, Josip
  id: 3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kukucka
- first_name: Frederico
  full_name: Martins, Frederico
  id: 38F80F9A-1CB8-11EA-BC76-B49B3DDC885E
  last_name: Martins
  orcid: 0000-0003-2668-2401
- first_name: Andrea
  full_name: Ballabio, Andrea
  last_name: Ballabio
- first_name: Natalia
  full_name: Ares, Natalia
  last_name: Ares
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
  last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Isella, Giovanni
  last_name: Isella
- first_name: 'Guido '
  full_name: 'Burkard, Guido '
  last_name: Burkard
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
citation:
  ama: Jirovec D, Mutter PM, Hofmann AC, et al. Dynamics of hole singlet-triplet qubits
    with large g-factor differences. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. 2022;128(12).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803">10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803</a>
  apa: Jirovec, D., Mutter, P. M., Hofmann, A. C., Crippa, A., Rychetsky, M., Craig,
    D. L., … Katsaros, G. (2022). Dynamics of hole singlet-triplet qubits with large
    g-factor differences. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American Physical Society.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803</a>
  chicago: Jirovec, Daniel, Philipp M. Mutter, Andrea C Hofmann, Alessandro Crippa,
    Marek Rychetsky, David L. Craig, Josip Kukucka, et al. “Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet
    Qubits with Large g-Factor Differences.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. American
    Physical Society, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803</a>.
  ieee: D. Jirovec <i>et al.</i>, “Dynamics of hole singlet-triplet qubits with large
    g-factor differences,” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 128, no. 12. American
    Physical Society, 2022.
  ista: Jirovec D, Mutter PM, Hofmann AC, Crippa A, Rychetsky M, Craig DL, Kukucka
    J, Martins F, Ballabio A, Ares N, Chrastina D, Isella G, Burkard G, Katsaros G.
    2022. Dynamics of hole singlet-triplet qubits with large g-factor differences.
    Physical Review Letters. 128(12), 126803.
  mla: Jirovec, Daniel, et al. “Dynamics of Hole Singlet-Triplet Qubits with Large
    g-Factor Differences.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 128, no. 12, 126803,
    American Physical Society, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803">10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803</a>.
  short: D. Jirovec, P.M. Mutter, A.C. Hofmann, A. Crippa, M. Rychetsky, D.L. Craig,
    J. Kukucka, F. Martins, A. Ballabio, N. Ares, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Burkard,
    G. Katsaros, Physical Review Letters 128 (2022).
date_created: 2022-03-24T15:51:11Z
date_published: 2022-03-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-03T06:14:58Z
day: '24'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GradSch
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.126803
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2111.05130'
  isi:
  - '000786542500004'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 6e66ad548d18db9c131f304acbd5a1f4
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2022-03-28T06:53:39Z
  date_updated: 2022-03-28T06:53:39Z
  file_id: '10928'
  file_name: 2022_PhysRevLetters_Jirovec.pdf
  file_size: 1266515
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-03-28T06:53:39Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       128'
isi: 1
issue: '12'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 26A151DA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '844511'
  name: Majorana bound states in Ge/SiGe heterostructures
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 2641CE5E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: P30207
  name: Hole spin orbit qubits in Ge quantum wells
- _id: c0977eea-5a5b-11eb-8a69-a862db0cf4d1
  grant_number: I05060
  name: High impedance circuit quantum electrodynamics with hole spins
- _id: c08c05c4-5a5b-11eb-8a69-dc6ce49d7973
  grant_number: M03032
  name: Long-range spin exchange for 2D qubits architectures
publication: Physical Review Letters
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1079-7114
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Dynamics of hole singlet-triplet qubits with large g-factor differences
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 128
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '8909'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Spin qubits are considered to be among the most promising candidates for building
    a quantum processor. Group IV hole spin qubits have moved into the focus of interest
    due to the ease of operation and compatibility with Si technology. In addition,
    Ge offers the option for monolithic superconductor-semiconductor integration.
    Here we demonstrate a hole spin qubit operating at fields below 10 mT, the critical
    field of Al, by exploiting the large out-of-plane hole g-factors in planar Ge
    and by encoding the qubit into the singlet-triplet states of a double quantum
    dot. We observe electrically controlled X and Z-rotations with tunable frequencies
    exceeding 100 MHz and dephasing times of 1μs which we extend beyond 15μs with
    echo techniques. These results show that Ge hole singlet triplet qubits outperform
    their electronic Si and GaAs based counterparts in speed and coherence, respectively.
    In addition, they are on par with Ge single spin qubits, but can be operated at
    much lower fields underlining their potential for on chip integration with superconducting
    technologies.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of Institute
  of Science and Technology (IST) Austria through resources provided by the Miba Machine
  Shop and the nanofabrication facility, and was made possible with the support of
  the NOMIS Foundation. This project has received funding from the European Union’s
  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant
  agreements no. 844511 and no. 75441, and by the Austrian Science Fund FWF-P 30207
  project. A.B. acknowledges support from the European Union Horizon 2020 FET project
  microSPIRE, no. 766955. M. Botifoll and J.A. acknowledge funding from Generalitat
  de Catalunya 2017 SGR 327. The Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
  (ICN2) is supported by the Severo Ochoa programme from the Spanish Ministery of
  Economy (MINECO) (grant no. SEV-2017-0706) and is funded by the Catalonian Research
  Centre (CERCA) Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present work has
  been performed within the framework of the Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona Materials
  Science PhD programme. Part of the HAADF scanning transmission electron microscopy
  was conducted in the Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas at Instituto de Nanociencia
  de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza. ICN2 acknowledge support from the Spanish Superior
  Council of Scientific Research (CSIC) Research Platform on Quantum Technologies
  PTI-001. M.B. acknowledges funding from the Catalan Agency for Management of University
  and Research Grants (AGAUR) Generalitat de Catalunya formation of investigators
  (FI) PhD grant.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Jirovec, Daniel
  id: 4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jirovec
  orcid: 0000-0002-7197-4801
- first_name: Andrea C
  full_name: Hofmann, Andrea C
  id: 340F461A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: Andrea
  full_name: Ballabio, Andrea
  last_name: Ballabio
- first_name: Philipp M.
  full_name: Mutter, Philipp M.
  last_name: Mutter
- first_name: Giulio
  full_name: Tavani, Giulio
  last_name: Tavani
- first_name: Marc
  full_name: Botifoll, Marc
  last_name: Botifoll
- first_name: Alessandro
  full_name: Crippa, Alessandro
  id: 1F2B21A2-F6E7-11E9-9B82-F7DBE5697425
  last_name: Crippa
  orcid: 0000-0002-2968-611X
- first_name: Josip
  full_name: Kukucka, Josip
  id: 3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kukucka
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Sagi, Oliver
  id: 71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425
  last_name: Sagi
- first_name: Frederico
  full_name: Martins, Frederico
  id: 38F80F9A-1CB8-11EA-BC76-B49B3DDC885E
  last_name: Martins
  orcid: 0000-0003-2668-2401
- first_name: Jaime
  full_name: Saez Mollejo, Jaime
  id: e0390f72-f6e0-11ea-865d-862393336714
  last_name: Saez Mollejo
- first_name: Ivan
  full_name: Prieto Gonzalez, Ivan
  id: 2A307FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Prieto Gonzalez
  orcid: 0000-0002-7370-5357
- first_name: Maksim
  full_name: Borovkov, Maksim
  id: 2ac7a0a2-3562-11eb-9256-fbd18ea55087
  last_name: Borovkov
- first_name: Jordi
  full_name: Arbiol, Jordi
  last_name: Arbiol
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
  last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Isella, Giovanni
  last_name: Isella
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Jirovec D, Hofmann AC, Ballabio A, et al. A singlet triplet hole spin qubit
    in planar Ge. <i>Nature Materials</i>. 2021;20(8):1106–1112. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2">10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2</a>
  apa: Jirovec, D., Hofmann, A. C., Ballabio, A., Mutter, P. M., Tavani, G., Botifoll,
    M., … Katsaros, G. (2021). A singlet triplet hole spin qubit in planar Ge. <i>Nature
    Materials</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2</a>
  chicago: Jirovec, Daniel, Andrea C Hofmann, Andrea Ballabio, Philipp M. Mutter,
    Giulio Tavani, Marc Botifoll, Alessandro Crippa, et al. “A Singlet Triplet Hole
    Spin Qubit in Planar Ge.” <i>Nature Materials</i>. Springer Nature, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2</a>.
  ieee: D. Jirovec <i>et al.</i>, “A singlet triplet hole spin qubit in planar Ge,”
    <i>Nature Materials</i>, vol. 20, no. 8. Springer Nature, pp. 1106–1112, 2021.
  ista: Jirovec D, Hofmann AC, Ballabio A, Mutter PM, Tavani G, Botifoll M, Crippa
    A, Kukucka J, Sagi O, Martins F, Saez Mollejo J, Prieto Gonzalez I, Borovkov M,
    Arbiol J, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. 2021. A singlet triplet hole spin
    qubit in planar Ge. Nature Materials. 20(8), 1106–1112.
  mla: Jirovec, Daniel, et al. “A Singlet Triplet Hole Spin Qubit in Planar Ge.” <i>Nature
    Materials</i>, vol. 20, no. 8, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 1106–1112, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2">10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2</a>.
  short: D. Jirovec, A.C. Hofmann, A. Ballabio, P.M. Mutter, G. Tavani, M. Botifoll,
    A. Crippa, J. Kukucka, O. Sagi, F. Martins, J. Saez Mollejo, I. Prieto Gonzalez,
    M. Borovkov, J. Arbiol, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, Nature Materials
    20 (2021) 1106–1112.
date_created: 2020-12-02T10:50:47Z
date_published: 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-03-25T23:30:14Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: GeKa
- _id: NanoFab
- _id: GradSch
doi: 10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2011.13755'
  isi:
  - '000657596400001'
intvolume: '        20'
isi: 1
issue: '8'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.13755
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 1106–1112
project:
- _id: 26A151DA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '844511'
  name: Majorana bound states in Ge/SiGe heterostructures
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 2641CE5E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: P30207
  name: Hole spin orbit qubits in Ge quantum wells
- _id: 262116AA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  name: Hybrid Semiconductor - Superconductor Quantum Devices
publication: Nature Materials
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1476-4660
  issn:
  - 1476-1122
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - description: News on IST Homepage
    relation: press_release
    url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/quantum-computing-with-holes/
  record:
  - id: '9323'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
  - id: '10058'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A singlet triplet hole spin qubit in planar Ge
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 20
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '9464'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We firstly introduce the self-assembled growth of highly uniform Ge quantum
    wires with controllable position, distance and length on patterned Si (001) substrates.
    We then present the electrically tunable strong spin-orbit coupling, the first
    Ge hole spin qubit and ultrafast operation of hole spin qubit in the Ge/Si quantum
    wires.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China
  (Grant No. 2016YFA0301700) and the ERC Starting Grant no. 335497.
article_number: '9420817'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Fei
  full_name: Gao, Fei
  last_name: Gao
- first_name: Jie Yin
  full_name: Zhang, Jie Yin
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Jian Huan
  full_name: Wang, Jian Huan
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Ming
  full_name: Ming, Ming
  last_name: Ming
- first_name: Tina
  full_name: Wang, Tina
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Jian Jun
  full_name: Zhang, Jian Jun
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Hannes
  full_name: Watzinger, Hannes
  id: 35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Watzinger
- first_name: Josip
  full_name: Kukucka, Josip
  id: 3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kukucka
- first_name: Lada
  full_name: Vukušić, Lada
  id: 31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vukušić
  orcid: 0000-0003-2424-8636
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
- first_name: Ke
  full_name: Wang, Ke
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Gang
  full_name: Xu, Gang
  last_name: Xu
- first_name: Hai Ou
  full_name: Li, Hai Ou
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Guo Ping
  full_name: Guo, Guo Ping
  last_name: Guo
citation:
  ama: 'Gao F, Zhang JY, Wang JH, et al. Ge/Si quantum wires for quantum computing.
    In: <i>2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference,
    EDTM 2021</i>. IEEE; 2021. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817">10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817</a>'
  apa: 'Gao, F., Zhang, J. Y., Wang, J. H., Ming, M., Wang, T., Zhang, J. J., … Guo,
    G. P. (2021). Ge/Si quantum wires for quantum computing. In <i>2021 5th IEEE Electron
    Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2021</i>. Virtual, Online:
    IEEE. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817">https://doi.org/10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817</a>'
  chicago: Gao, Fei, Jie Yin Zhang, Jian Huan Wang, Ming Ming, Tina Wang, Jian Jun
    Zhang, Hannes Watzinger, et al. “Ge/Si Quantum Wires for Quantum Computing.” In
    <i>2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM
    2021</i>. IEEE, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817">https://doi.org/10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817</a>.
  ieee: F. Gao <i>et al.</i>, “Ge/Si quantum wires for quantum computing,” in <i>2021
    5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2021</i>,
    Virtual, Online, 2021.
  ista: 'Gao F, Zhang JY, Wang JH, Ming M, Wang T, Zhang JJ, Watzinger H, Kukucka
    J, Vukušić L, Katsaros G, Wang K, Xu G, Li HO, Guo GP. 2021. Ge/Si quantum wires
    for quantum computing. 2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing
    Conference, EDTM 2021. EDTM: IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing
    Conference, 9420817.'
  mla: Gao, Fei, et al. “Ge/Si Quantum Wires for Quantum Computing.” <i>2021 5th IEEE
    Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2021</i>, 9420817,
    IEEE, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817">10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817</a>.
  short: F. Gao, J.Y. Zhang, J.H. Wang, M. Ming, T. Wang, J.J. Zhang, H. Watzinger,
    J. Kukucka, L. Vukušić, G. Katsaros, K. Wang, G. Xu, H.O. Li, G.P. Guo, in:, 2021
    5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2021,
    IEEE, 2021.
conference:
  end_date: 2021-04-11
  location: Virtual, Online
  name: 'EDTM: IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference'
  start_date: 2021-04-08
date_created: 2021-06-06T22:01:29Z
date_published: 2021-04-08T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-10-03T12:51:59Z
day: '08'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1109/EDTM50988.2021.9420817
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000675595800006'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa_version: None
project:
- _id: 25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '335497'
  name: Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires
publication: 2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference,
  EDTM 2021
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9781728181769'
publication_status: published
publisher: IEEE
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Ge/Si quantum wires for quantum computing
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '8203'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Using inelastic cotunneling spectroscopy we observe a zero field splitting
    within the spin triplet manifold of Ge hut wire quantum dots. The states with
    spin ±1 in the confinement direction are energetically favored by up to 55 μeV
    compared to the spin 0 triplet state because of the strong spin–orbit coupling.
    The reported effect should be observable in a broad class of strongly confined
    hole quantum-dot systems and might need to be considered when operating hole spin
    qubits.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: NanoFab
- _id: M-Shop
acknowledgement: "We acknowledge G. Burkard, V. N. Golovach, C. Kloeffel, D.Loss,
  P. Rabl, and M. Rancič ́ for helpful discussions. We\r\nfurther acknowledge T.
  Adletzberger, J. Aguilera, T. Asenov, S. Bagiante, T. Menner, L. Shafeek, P. Taus,
  P. Traunmüller, and D. Waldhausl for their invaluable assistance. This research
  was supported by the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided
  by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility, by the FWF-P 32235 project,
  by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFA0301701, 2016YFA0300600), and by
  the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement
  no. 862046. All data of this publication are available at 10.15479/AT:ISTA:7689."
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
- first_name: Josip
  full_name: Kukucka, Josip
  id: 3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kukucka
- first_name: Lada
  full_name: Vukušić, Lada
  id: 31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vukušić
  orcid: 0000-0003-2424-8636
- first_name: Hannes
  full_name: Watzinger, Hannes
  id: 35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Watzinger
- first_name: Fei
  full_name: Gao, Fei
  last_name: Gao
- first_name: Ting
  full_name: Wang, Ting
  last_name: Wang
  orcid: 0000-0002-4619-9575
- first_name: Jian-Jun
  full_name: Zhang, Jian-Jun
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Karsten
  full_name: Held, Karsten
  last_name: Held
citation:
  ama: Katsaros G, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, et al. Zero field splitting of heavy-hole
    states in quantum dots. <i>Nano Letters</i>. 2020;20(7):5201-5206. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466">10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466</a>
  apa: Katsaros, G., Kukucka, J., Vukušić, L., Watzinger, H., Gao, F., Wang, T., …
    Held, K. (2020). Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots. <i>Nano
    Letters</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466</a>
  chicago: Katsaros, Georgios, Josip Kukucka, Lada Vukušić, Hannes Watzinger, Fei
    Gao, Ting Wang, Jian-Jun Zhang, and Karsten Held. “Zero Field Splitting of Heavy-Hole
    States in Quantum Dots.” <i>Nano Letters</i>. American Chemical Society, 2020.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466</a>.
  ieee: G. Katsaros <i>et al.</i>, “Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum
    dots,” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 20, no. 7. American Chemical Society, pp. 5201–5206,
    2020.
  ista: Katsaros G, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, Watzinger H, Gao F, Wang T, Zhang J-J, Held
    K. 2020. Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots. Nano Letters.
    20(7), 5201–5206.
  mla: Katsaros, Georgios, et al. “Zero Field Splitting of Heavy-Hole States in Quantum
    Dots.” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 20, no. 7, American Chemical Society, 2020, pp.
    5201–06, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466">10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466</a>.
  short: G. Katsaros, J. Kukucka, L. Vukušić, H. Watzinger, F. Gao, T. Wang, J.-J.
    Zhang, K. Held, Nano Letters 20 (2020) 5201–5206.
date_created: 2020-08-06T09:25:04Z
date_published: 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-21T12:44:01Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01466
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000548893200066'
  pmid:
  - '32479090'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2020-08-06T09:35:37Z
  date_updated: 2020-08-06T09:35:37Z
  file_id: '8204'
  file_name: 2020_NanoLetters_Katsaros.pdf
  file_size: 3308906
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2020-08-06T09:35:37Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        20'
isi: 1
issue: '7'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 5201-5206
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: P32235
  name: Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices
- _id: 237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '862046'
  name: TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS
publication: Nano Letters
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1530-6992
  issn:
  - 1530-6984
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '7689'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Zero field splitting of heavy-hole states in quantum dots
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 20
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7541'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Semiconductor nanowires have been playing a crucial role in the development
    of nanoscale devices for the realization of spin qubits, Majorana fermions, single
    photon emitters, nanoprocessors, etc. The monolithic growth of site‐controlled
    nanowires is a prerequisite toward the next generation of devices that will require
    addressability and scalability. Here, combining top‐down nanofabrication and bottom‐up
    self‐assembly, the growth of Ge wires on prepatterned Si (001) substrates with
    controllable position, distance, length, and structure is reported. This is achieved
    by a novel growth process that uses a SiGe strain‐relaxation template and can
    be potentially generalized to other material combinations. Transport measurements
    show an electrically tunable spin–orbit coupling, with a spin–orbit length similar
    to that of III–V materials. Also, charge sensing between quantum dots in closely
    spaced wires is observed, which underlines their potential for the realization
    of advanced quantum devices. The reported results open a path toward scalable
    qubit devices using nanowires on silicon.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: NanoFab
- _id: M-Shop
acknowledgement: 'This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China
  (Grant Nos. 2016YFA0301701 and 2016YFA0300600), the NSFC (Grant Nos. 11574356, 11434010,
  and 11404252), the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (Grant No. XDB30000000),
  the ERC Starting Grant No. 335497, the FWF P32235 project, and the European Union''s
  Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement #862046. This
  research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of IST Austria through resources
  provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication facility. F.L. thanks
  support from DOE (Grant No. DE‐FG02‐04ER46148). H.H. thanks the Startup Funding
  from Xi''an Jiaotong University.'
article_number: '1906523'
article_processing_charge: Yes (via OA deal)
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Fei
  full_name: Gao, Fei
  last_name: Gao
- first_name: Jian-Huan
  full_name: Wang, Jian-Huan
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Hannes
  full_name: Watzinger, Hannes
  id: 35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Watzinger
- first_name: Hao
  full_name: Hu, Hao
  last_name: Hu
- first_name: Marko J.
  full_name: Rančić, Marko J.
  last_name: Rančić
- first_name: Jie-Yin
  full_name: Zhang, Jie-Yin
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Ting
  full_name: Wang, Ting
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Yuan
  full_name: Yao, Yuan
  last_name: Yao
- first_name: Gui-Lei
  full_name: Wang, Gui-Lei
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Josip
  full_name: Kukucka, Josip
  id: 3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kukucka
- first_name: Lada
  full_name: Vukušić, Lada
  id: 31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vukušić
  orcid: 0000-0003-2424-8636
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Kloeffel, Christoph
  last_name: Kloeffel
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Loss, Daniel
  last_name: Loss
- first_name: Feng
  full_name: Liu, Feng
  last_name: Liu
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
- first_name: Jian-Jun
  full_name: Zhang, Jian-Jun
  last_name: Zhang
citation:
  ama: Gao F, Wang J-H, Watzinger H, et al. Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires
    with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling. <i>Advanced Materials</i>. 2020;32(16).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523">10.1002/adma.201906523</a>
  apa: Gao, F., Wang, J.-H., Watzinger, H., Hu, H., Rančić, M. J., Zhang, J.-Y., …
    Zhang, J.-J. (2020). Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically
    tunable spin-orbit coupling. <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523</a>
  chicago: Gao, Fei, Jian-Huan Wang, Hannes Watzinger, Hao Hu, Marko J. Rančić, Jie-Yin
    Zhang, Ting Wang, et al. “Site-Controlled Uniform Ge/Si Hut Wires with Electrically
    Tunable Spin-Orbit Coupling.” <i>Advanced Materials</i>. Wiley, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523">https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523</a>.
  ieee: F. Gao <i>et al.</i>, “Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically
    tunable spin-orbit coupling,” <i>Advanced Materials</i>, vol. 32, no. 16. Wiley,
    2020.
  ista: Gao F, Wang J-H, Watzinger H, Hu H, Rančić MJ, Zhang J-Y, Wang T, Yao Y, Wang
    G-L, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, Kloeffel C, Loss D, Liu F, Katsaros G, Zhang J-J. 2020.
    Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit coupling.
    Advanced Materials. 32(16), 1906523.
  mla: Gao, Fei, et al. “Site-Controlled Uniform Ge/Si Hut Wires with Electrically
    Tunable Spin-Orbit Coupling.” <i>Advanced Materials</i>, vol. 32, no. 16, 1906523,
    Wiley, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906523">10.1002/adma.201906523</a>.
  short: F. Gao, J.-H. Wang, H. Watzinger, H. Hu, M.J. Rančić, J.-Y. Zhang, T. Wang,
    Y. Yao, G.-L. Wang, J. Kukucka, L. Vukušić, C. Kloeffel, D. Loss, F. Liu, G. Katsaros,
    J.-J. Zhang, Advanced Materials 32 (2020).
date_created: 2020-02-28T09:47:00Z
date_published: 2020-04-23T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-21T12:42:12Z
day: '23'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1002/adma.201906523
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000516660900001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: c622737dc295972065782558337124a2
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2020-11-20T10:11:35Z
  date_updated: 2020-11-20T10:11:35Z
  file_id: '8782'
  file_name: 2020_AdvancedMaterials_Gao.pdf
  file_size: 5242880
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2020-11-20T10:11:35Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        32'
isi: 1
issue: '16'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '335497'
  name: Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires
- _id: 237B3DA4-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: P32235
  name: Towards scalable hut wire quantum devices
- _id: 237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '862046'
  name: TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS
publication: Advanced Materials
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0935-9648
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '7996'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
  - id: '9222'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Site-controlled uniform Ge/Si hut wires with electrically tunable spin-orbit
  coupling
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 32
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7996'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Quantum computation enables the execution of algorithms that have exponential
    complexity. This might open the path towards the synthesis of new materials or
    medical drugs, optimization of transport or financial strategies etc., intractable
    on even the fastest classical computers. A quantum computer consists of interconnected
    two level quantum systems, called qubits, that satisfy DiVincezo’s criteria. Worldwide,
    there are ongoing efforts to find the qubit architecture which will unite quantum
    error correction compatible single and two qubit fidelities, long distance qubit
    to qubit coupling and \r\n calability. Superconducting qubits have gone the furthest
    in this race, demonstrating an algorithm running on 53 coupled qubits, but still
    the fidelities are not even close to those required for realizing a single logical
    qubit.  emiconductor qubits offer extremely good characteristics, but they are
    currently investigated across different platforms. Uniting those good characteristics
    into a single platform might be a big step towards the quantum computer realization.\r\nHere
    we describe the implementation of a hole spin qubit hosted in a Ge hut wire double
    quantum dot. The high and tunable spin-orbit coupling together with a heavy hole
    state character is expected to allow fast spin manipulation and long coherence
    times. Furthermore large lever arms, for hut wire devices, should allow good coupling
    to superconducting resonators enabling efficient long distance spin to spin coupling
    and a sensitive gate reflectometry spin readout. The developed cryogenic setup
    (printed circuit board sample holders, filtering, high-frequency wiring) enabled
    us to perform low temperature spin dynamics experiments. Indeed, we measured the
    fastest single spin qubit Rabi frequencies reported so far, reaching 140 MHz,
    while the dephasing times of 130 ns oppose the long decoherence predictions. In
    order to further investigate this, a double quantum dot gate was connected directly
    to a lumped element\r\nresonator which enabled gate reflectometry readout. The
    vanishing inter-dot transition signal, for increasing external magnetic field,
    revealed the spin nature of the measured quantity."
alternative_title:
- ISTA Thesis
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Josip
  full_name: Kukucka, Josip
  id: 3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kukucka
citation:
  ama: Kukucka J. Implementation of a hole spin qubit in Ge hut wires and dispersive
    spin sensing. 2020. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7996">10.15479/AT:ISTA:7996</a>
  apa: Kukucka, J. (2020). <i>Implementation of a hole spin qubit in Ge hut wires
    and dispersive spin sensing</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7996">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7996</a>
  chicago: Kukucka, Josip. “Implementation of a Hole Spin Qubit in Ge Hut Wires and
    Dispersive Spin Sensing.” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7996">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7996</a>.
  ieee: J. Kukucka, “Implementation of a hole spin qubit in Ge hut wires and dispersive
    spin sensing,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
  ista: Kukucka J. 2020. Implementation of a hole spin qubit in Ge hut wires and dispersive
    spin sensing. Institute of Science and Technology Austria.
  mla: Kukucka, Josip. <i>Implementation of a Hole Spin Qubit in Ge Hut Wires and
    Dispersive Spin Sensing</i>. Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:7996">10.15479/AT:ISTA:7996</a>.
  short: J. Kukucka, Implementation of a Hole Spin Qubit in Ge Hut Wires and Dispersive
    Spin Sensing, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 2020.
date_created: 2020-06-22T09:22:23Z
date_published: 2020-06-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-26T15:50:22Z
day: '22'
ddc:
- '530'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:7996
file:
- access_level: closed
  checksum: 467e52feb3e361ce8cf5fe8d5c254ece
  content_type: application/x-zip-compressed
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2020-06-22T09:22:04Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:07Z
  file_id: '7997'
  file_name: JK_thesis_latex_source_files.zip
  file_size: 392794743
  relation: main_file
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 1de716bf110dbd77d383e479232bf496
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2020-06-22T09:21:29Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:07Z
  file_id: '7998'
  file_name: PhD_thesis_JK_pdfa.pdf
  file_size: 28453247
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:07Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '178'
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2663-337X
publication_status: published
publisher: Institute of Science and Technology Austria
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '1328'
    relation: part_of_dissertation
    status: public
  - id: '7541'
    relation: part_of_dissertation
    status: public
  - id: '77'
    relation: part_of_dissertation
    status: public
  - id: '23'
    relation: part_of_dissertation
    status: public
  - id: '840'
    relation: part_of_dissertation
    status: public
status: public
supervisor:
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
title: Implementation of a hole spin qubit in Ge hut wires and dispersive spin sensing
type: dissertation
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '77'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Holes confined in quantum dots have gained considerable interest in the past
    few years due to their potential as spin qubits. Here we demonstrate two-axis
    control of a spin 3/2 qubit in natural Ge. The qubit is formed in a hut wire double
    quantum dot device. The Pauli spin blockade principle allowed us to demonstrate
    electric dipole spin resonance by applying a radio frequency electric field to
    one of the electrodes defining the double quantum dot. Coherent hole spin oscillations
    with Rabi frequencies reaching 140 MHz are demonstrated and dephasing times of
    130 ns are measured. The reported results emphasize the potential of Ge as a platform
    for fast and electrically tunable hole spin qubit devices.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Hannes
  full_name: Watzinger, Hannes
  id: 35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Watzinger
- first_name: Josip
  full_name: Kukucka, Josip
  id: 3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kukucka
- first_name: Lada
  full_name: Vukusic, Lada
  id: 31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vukusic
  orcid: 0000-0003-2424-8636
- first_name: Fei
  full_name: Gao, Fei
  last_name: Gao
- first_name: Ting
  full_name: Wang, Ting
  last_name: Wang
- first_name: Friedrich
  full_name: Schäffler, Friedrich
  last_name: Schäffler
- first_name: Jian
  full_name: Zhang, Jian
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Watzinger H, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, et al. A germanium hole spin qubit. <i>Nature
    Communications</i>. 2018;9(3902). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4">10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4</a>
  apa: Watzinger, H., Kukucka, J., Vukušić, L., Gao, F., Wang, T., Schäffler, F.,
    … Katsaros, G. (2018). A germanium hole spin qubit. <i>Nature Communications</i>.
    Nature Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4</a>
  chicago: Watzinger, Hannes, Josip Kukucka, Lada Vukušić, Fei Gao, Ting Wang, Friedrich
    Schäffler, Jian Zhang, and Georgios Katsaros. “A Germanium Hole Spin Qubit.” <i>Nature
    Communications</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2018. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4</a>.
  ieee: H. Watzinger <i>et al.</i>, “A germanium hole spin qubit,” <i>Nature Communications</i>,
    vol. 9, no. 3902. Nature Publishing Group, 2018.
  ista: Watzinger H, Kukucka J, Vukušić L, Gao F, Wang T, Schäffler F, Zhang J, Katsaros
    G. 2018. A germanium hole spin qubit. Nature Communications. 9(3902).
  mla: Watzinger, Hannes, et al. “A Germanium Hole Spin Qubit.” <i>Nature Communications</i>,
    vol. 9, no. 3902, Nature Publishing Group, 2018, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4">10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4</a>.
  short: H. Watzinger, J. Kukucka, L. Vukušić, F. Gao, T. Wang, F. Schäffler, J. Zhang,
    G. Katsaros, Nature Communications 9 (2018).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:30Z
date_published: 2018-09-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-08T11:44:02Z
day: '25'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06418-4
ec_funded: 1
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oa: 1
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  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '335497'
  name: Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires
- _id: 2552F888-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
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  name: Loch Spin-Qubits und Majorana-Fermionen in Germanium
publication: Nature Communications
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
quality_controlled: '1'
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scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A germanium hole spin qubit
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 9
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '23'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The strong atomistic spin–orbit coupling of holes makes single-shot spin readout
    measurements difficult because it reduces the spin lifetimes. By integrating the
    charge sensor into a high bandwidth radio frequency reflectometry setup, we were
    able to demonstrate single-shot readout of a germanium quantum dot hole spin and
    measure the spin lifetime. Hole spin relaxation times of about 90 μs at 500 mT
    are reported, with a total readout visibility of about 70%. By analyzing separately
    the spin-to-charge conversion and charge readout fidelities, we have obtained
    insight into the processes limiting the visibilities of hole spins. The analyses
    suggest that high hole visibilities are feasible at realistic experimental conditions,
    underlying the potential of hole spins for the realization of viable qubit devices.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Lada
  full_name: Vukušić, Lada
  id: 31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vukušić
  orcid: 0000-0003-2424-8636
- first_name: Josip
  full_name: Kukucka, Josip
  id: 3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kukucka
- first_name: Hannes
  full_name: Watzinger, Hannes
  id: 35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Watzinger
- first_name: Joshua M
  full_name: Milem, Joshua M
  id: 4CDE0A96-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Milem
- first_name: Friedrich
  full_name: Schäffler, Friedrich
  last_name: Schäffler
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Vukušić L, Kukucka J, Watzinger H, Milem JM, Schäffler F, Katsaros G. Single-shot
    readout of hole spins in Ge. <i>Nano Letters</i>. 2018;18(11):7141-7145. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217">10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217</a>
  apa: Vukušić, L., Kukucka, J., Watzinger, H., Milem, J. M., Schäffler, F., &#38;
    Katsaros, G. (2018). Single-shot readout of hole spins in Ge. <i>Nano Letters</i>.
    American Chemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217</a>
  chicago: Vukušić, Lada, Josip Kukucka, Hannes Watzinger, Joshua M Milem, Friedrich
    Schäffler, and Georgios Katsaros. “Single-Shot Readout of Hole Spins in Ge.” <i>Nano
    Letters</i>. American Chemical Society, 2018. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217</a>.
  ieee: L. Vukušić, J. Kukucka, H. Watzinger, J. M. Milem, F. Schäffler, and G. Katsaros,
    “Single-shot readout of hole spins in Ge,” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 18, no. 11.
    American Chemical Society, pp. 7141–7145, 2018.
  ista: Vukušić L, Kukucka J, Watzinger H, Milem JM, Schäffler F, Katsaros G. 2018.
    Single-shot readout of hole spins in Ge. Nano Letters. 18(11), 7141–7145.
  mla: Vukušić, Lada, et al. “Single-Shot Readout of Hole Spins in Ge.” <i>Nano Letters</i>,
    vol. 18, no. 11, American Chemical Society, 2018, pp. 7141–45, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217">10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217</a>.
  short: L. Vukušić, J. Kukucka, H. Watzinger, J.M. Milem, F. Schäffler, G. Katsaros,
    Nano Letters 18 (2018) 7141–7145.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:44:13Z
date_published: 2018-10-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-18T09:30:37Z
day: '25'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03217
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000451102100064'
  pmid:
  - '30359041'
file:
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file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:37Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        18'
isi: 1
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 7141 - 7145
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '335497'
  name: Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires
publication: Nano Letters
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - '15306984'
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
publist_id: '8032'
pubrep_id: '1065'
quality_controlled: '1'
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scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Single-shot readout of hole spins in Ge
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 18
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '840'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Heavy holes confined in quantum dots are predicted to be promising candidates
    for the realization of spin qubits with long coherence times. Here we focus on
    such heavy-hole states confined in germanium hut wires. By tuning the growth density
    of the latter we can realize a T-like structure between two neighboring wires.
    Such a structure allows the realization of a charge sensor, which is electrostatically
    and tunnel coupled to a quantum dot, with charge-transfer signals as high as 0.3
    e. By integrating the T-like structure into a radiofrequency reflectometry setup,
    single-shot measurements allowing the extraction of hole tunneling times are performed.
    The extracted tunneling times of less than 10 μs are attributed to the small effective
    mass of Ge heavy-hole states and pave the way toward projective spin readout measurements.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Lada
  full_name: Vukusic, Lada
  id: 31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vukusic
  orcid: 0000-0003-2424-8636
- first_name: Josip
  full_name: Kukucka, Josip
  id: 3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kukucka
- first_name: Hannes
  full_name: Watzinger, Hannes
  id: 35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Watzinger
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Vukušić L, Kukucka J, Watzinger H, Katsaros G. Fast hole tunneling times in
    germanium hut wires probed by single-shot reflectometry. <i>Nano Letters</i>.
    2017;17(9):5706-5710. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627">10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627</a>
  apa: Vukušić, L., Kukucka, J., Watzinger, H., &#38; Katsaros, G. (2017). Fast hole
    tunneling times in germanium hut wires probed by single-shot reflectometry. <i>Nano
    Letters</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627</a>
  chicago: Vukušić, Lada, Josip Kukucka, Hannes Watzinger, and Georgios Katsaros.
    “Fast Hole Tunneling Times in Germanium Hut Wires Probed by Single-Shot Reflectometry.”
    <i>Nano Letters</i>. American Chemical Society, 2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627</a>.
  ieee: L. Vukušić, J. Kukucka, H. Watzinger, and G. Katsaros, “Fast hole tunneling
    times in germanium hut wires probed by single-shot reflectometry,” <i>Nano Letters</i>,
    vol. 17, no. 9. American Chemical Society, pp. 5706–5710, 2017.
  ista: Vukušić L, Kukucka J, Watzinger H, Katsaros G. 2017. Fast hole tunneling times
    in germanium hut wires probed by single-shot reflectometry. Nano Letters. 17(9),
    5706–5710.
  mla: Vukušić, Lada, et al. “Fast Hole Tunneling Times in Germanium Hut Wires Probed
    by Single-Shot Reflectometry.” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 17, no. 9, American Chemical
    Society, 2017, pp. 5706–10, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627">10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627</a>.
  short: L. Vukušić, J. Kukucka, H. Watzinger, G. Katsaros, Nano Letters 17 (2017)
    5706–5710.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:47Z
date_published: 2017-08-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-26T15:50:22Z
day: '10'
ddc:
- '539'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02627
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000411043500078'
file:
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  checksum: 761371a0129b2aa442424b9561450ece
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  file_size: 2449546
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file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:13Z
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intvolume: '        17'
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issue: '9'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 5706 - 5710
project:
- _id: 25517E86-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '335497'
  name: Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires
publication: Nano Letters
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - '15306984'
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
publist_id: '6808'
pubrep_id: '865'
quality_controlled: '1'
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scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Fast hole tunneling times in germanium hut wires probed by single-shot reflectometry
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 17
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '1328'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Hole spins have gained considerable interest in the past few years due to
    their potential for fast electrically controlled qubits. Here, we study holes
    confined in Ge hut wires, a so-far unexplored type of nanostructure. Low-temperature
    magnetotransport measurements reveal a large anisotropy between the in-plane and
    out-of-plane g-factors of up to 18. Numerical simulations verify that this large
    anisotropy originates from a confined wave function of heavy-hole character. A
    light-hole admixture of less than 1% is estimated for the states of lowest energy,
    leading to a surprisingly large reduction of the out-of-plane g-factors compared
    with those for pure heavy holes. Given this tiny light-hole contribution, the
    spin lifetimes are expected to be very long, even in isotopically nonpurified
    samples.
acknowledgement: 'The work was supported by the EC FP7 ICT project SiSPIN no. 323841,
  the EC FP7 ICT project PAMS no. 610446, the ERC Starting Grant no. 335497, the FWF-I-1190-N20
  project, and the Swiss NSF. We acknowledge F. Schäffler for fruitful discussions
  related to the hut wire growth and for giving us access to the molecular beam epitaxy
  system, M. Schatzl for her support in electron beam lithography, and V. Jadris ̌ko
  for helping us with the COMSOL simulations. Finally, we thank G. Bauer for his continuous
  support. '
author:
- first_name: Hannes
  full_name: Watzinger, Hannes
  id: 35DF8E50-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Watzinger
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Kloeffel, Christoph
  last_name: Kloeffel
- first_name: Lada
  full_name: Vukusic, Lada
  id: 31E9F056-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Vukusic
  orcid: 0000-0003-2424-8636
- first_name: Marta
  full_name: Rossell, Marta
  last_name: Rossell
- first_name: Violetta
  full_name: Sessi, Violetta
  last_name: Sessi
- first_name: Josip
  full_name: Kukucka, Josip
  id: 3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kukucka
- first_name: Raimund
  full_name: Kirchschlager, Raimund
  last_name: Kirchschlager
- first_name: Elisabeth
  full_name: Lausecker, Elisabeth
  id: 33662F76-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Lausecker
- first_name: Alisha
  full_name: Truhlar, Alisha
  id: 49CBC780-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Truhlar
- first_name: Martin
  full_name: Glaser, Martin
  last_name: Glaser
- first_name: Armando
  full_name: Rastelli, Armando
  last_name: Rastelli
- first_name: Andreas
  full_name: Fuhrer, Andreas
  last_name: Fuhrer
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Loss, Daniel
  last_name: Loss
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Watzinger H, Kloeffel C, Vukušić L, et al. Heavy-hole states in germanium hut
    wires. <i>Nano Letters</i>. 2016;16(11):6879-6885. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715">10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715</a>
  apa: Watzinger, H., Kloeffel, C., Vukušić, L., Rossell, M., Sessi, V., Kukucka,
    J., … Katsaros, G. (2016). Heavy-hole states in germanium hut wires. <i>Nano Letters</i>.
    American Chemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715</a>
  chicago: Watzinger, Hannes, Christoph Kloeffel, Lada Vukušić, Marta Rossell, Violetta
    Sessi, Josip Kukucka, Raimund Kirchschlager, et al. “Heavy-Hole States in Germanium
    Hut Wires.” <i>Nano Letters</i>. American Chemical Society, 2016. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715</a>.
  ieee: H. Watzinger <i>et al.</i>, “Heavy-hole states in germanium hut wires,” <i>Nano
    Letters</i>, vol. 16, no. 11. American Chemical Society, pp. 6879–6885, 2016.
  ista: Watzinger H, Kloeffel C, Vukušić L, Rossell M, Sessi V, Kukucka J, Kirchschlager
    R, Lausecker E, Truhlar A, Glaser M, Rastelli A, Fuhrer A, Loss D, Katsaros G.
    2016. Heavy-hole states in germanium hut wires. Nano Letters. 16(11), 6879–6885.
  mla: Watzinger, Hannes, et al. “Heavy-Hole States in Germanium Hut Wires.” <i>Nano
    Letters</i>, vol. 16, no. 11, American Chemical Society, 2016, pp. 6879–85, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715">10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715</a>.
  short: H. Watzinger, C. Kloeffel, L. Vukušić, M. Rossell, V. Sessi, J. Kukucka,
    R. Kirchschlager, E. Lausecker, A. Truhlar, M. Glaser, A. Rastelli, A. Fuhrer,
    D. Loss, G. Katsaros, Nano Letters 16 (2016) 6879–6885.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:51:24Z
date_published: 2016-09-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T13:15:02Z
day: '22'
ddc:
- '539'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02715
ec_funded: 1
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file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:44:44Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        16'
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 6879 - 6885
project:
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  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '335497'
  name: Towards Spin qubits and Majorana fermions in Germanium selfassembled hut-wires
publication: Nano Letters
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
publist_id: '5941'
pubrep_id: '664'
quality_controlled: '1'
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scopus_import: 1
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title: Heavy-hole states in germanium hut wires
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 16
year: '2016'
...