---
_id: '9816'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Aims: Mass antigen testing programs have been challenged because of an alleged
insufficient specificity, leading to a large number of false positives. The objective
of this study is to derive a lower bound of the specificity of the SD Biosensor
Standard Q Ag-Test in large scale practical use.\r\nMethods: Based on county data
from the nationwide tests for SARS-CoV-2 in Slovakia between 31.10.–1.11. 2020
we calculate a lower confidence bound for the specificity. As positive test results
were not systematically verified by PCR tests, we base the lower bound on a worst
case assumption, assuming all positives to be false positives.\r\nResults: 3,625,332
persons from 79 counties were tested. The lowest positivity rate was observed
in the county of Rožňava where 100 out of 34307 (0.29%) tests were positive. This
implies a test specificity of at least 99.6% (97.5% one-sided lower confidence
bound, adjusted for multiplicity).\r\nConclusion: The obtained lower bound suggests
a higher specificity compared to earlier studies in spite of the underlying worst
case assumption and the application in a mass testing setting. The actual specificity
is expected to exceed 99.6% if the prevalence in the respective regions was non-negligible
at the time of testing. To our knowledge, this estimate constitutes the first
bound obtained from large scale practical use of an antigen test."
acknowledgement: We would like to thank Alfred Uhl, Richard Kollár and Katarína Bod’ová
for very helpful comments. We also thank Matej Mišík for discussion and information
regarding the Slovak testing data and Ag-Test used.
article_number: e0255267
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Michal
full_name: Hledik, Michal
id: 4171253A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Hledik
- first_name: Jitka
full_name: Polechova, Jitka
id: 3BBFB084-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Polechova
orcid: 0000-0003-0951-3112
- first_name: Mathias
full_name: Beiglböck, Mathias
last_name: Beiglböck
- first_name: Anna Nele
full_name: Herdina, Anna Nele
last_name: Herdina
- first_name: Robert
full_name: Strassl, Robert
last_name: Strassl
- first_name: Martin
full_name: Posch, Martin
last_name: Posch
citation:
ama: Hledik M, Polechova J, Beiglböck M, Herdina AN, Strassl R, Posch M. Analysis
of the specificity of a COVID-19 antigen test in the Slovak mass testing program.
PLoS ONE. 2021;16(7). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0255267
apa: Hledik, M., Polechova, J., Beiglböck, M., Herdina, A. N., Strassl, R., &
Posch, M. (2021). Analysis of the specificity of a COVID-19 antigen test in the
Slovak mass testing program. PLoS ONE. Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255267
chicago: Hledik, Michal, Jitka Polechova, Mathias Beiglböck, Anna Nele Herdina,
Robert Strassl, and Martin Posch. “Analysis of the Specificity of a COVID-19 Antigen
Test in the Slovak Mass Testing Program.” PLoS ONE. Public Library of Science,
2021. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255267.
ieee: M. Hledik, J. Polechova, M. Beiglböck, A. N. Herdina, R. Strassl, and M. Posch,
“Analysis of the specificity of a COVID-19 antigen test in the Slovak mass testing
program,” PLoS ONE, vol. 16, no. 7. Public Library of Science, 2021.
ista: Hledik M, Polechova J, Beiglböck M, Herdina AN, Strassl R, Posch M. 2021.
Analysis of the specificity of a COVID-19 antigen test in the Slovak mass testing
program. PLoS ONE. 16(7), e0255267.
mla: Hledik, Michal, et al. “Analysis of the Specificity of a COVID-19 Antigen Test
in the Slovak Mass Testing Program.” PLoS ONE, vol. 16, no. 7, e0255267,
Public Library of Science, 2021, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0255267.
short: M. Hledik, J. Polechova, M. Beiglböck, A.N. Herdina, R. Strassl, M. Posch,
PLoS ONE 16 (2021).
date_created: 2021-08-08T22:01:26Z
date_published: 2021-07-29T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-10T14:26:32Z
day: '29'
ddc:
- '610'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255267
external_id:
isi:
- '000685248200095'
pmid:
- '34324553'
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: ae4df60eb62f4491278588548d0c1f93
content_type: application/pdf
creator: asandaue
date_created: 2021-08-09T11:52:14Z
date_updated: 2021-08-09T11:52:14Z
file_id: '9835'
file_name: 2021_PLoSONE_Hledík.pdf
file_size: 773921
relation: main_file
success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-08-09T11:52:14Z
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language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: PLoS ONE
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1932-6203
publication_status: published
publisher: Public Library of Science
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Analysis of the specificity of a COVID-19 antigen test in the Slovak mass testing
program
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 16
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '9839'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'More than 100 years after Grigg’s influential analysis of species’ borders,
the causes of limits to species’ ranges still represent a puzzle that has never
been understood with clarity. The topic has become especially important recently
as many scientists have become interested in the potential for species’ ranges
to shift in response to climate change—and yet nearly all of those studies fail
to recognise or incorporate evolutionary genetics in a way that relates to theoretical
developments. I show that range margins can be understood based on just two measurable
parameters: (i) the fitness cost of dispersal—a measure of environmental heterogeneity—and
(ii) the strength of genetic drift, which reduces genetic diversity. Together,
these two parameters define an ‘expansion threshold’: adaptation fails when genetic
drift reduces genetic diversity below that required for adaptation to a heterogeneous
environment. When the key parameters drop below this expansion threshold locally,
a sharp range margin forms. When they drop below this threshold throughout the
species’ range, adaptation collapses everywhere, resulting in either extinction
or formation of a fragmented metapopulation. Because the effects of dispersal
differ fundamentally with dimension, the second parameter—the strength of genetic
drift—is qualitatively different compared to a linear habitat. In two-dimensional
habitats, genetic drift becomes effectively independent of selection. It decreases
with ‘neighbourhood size’—the number of individuals accessible by dispersal within
one generation. Moreover, in contrast to earlier predictions, which neglected
evolution of genetic variance and/or stochasticity in two dimensions, dispersal
into small marginal populations aids adaptation. This is because the reduction
of both genetic and demographic stochasticity has a stronger effect than the cost
of dispersal through increased maladaptation. The expansion threshold thus provides
a novel, theoretically justified, and testable prediction for formation of the
range margin and collapse of the species’ range.'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Jitka
full_name: Polechova, Jitka
id: 3BBFB084-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Polechova
orcid: 0000-0003-0951-3112
citation:
ama: 'Polechova J. Data from: Is the sky the limit? On the expansion threshold of
a species’ range. 2019. doi:10.5061/dryad.5vv37'
apa: 'Polechova, J. (2019). Data from: Is the sky the limit? On the expansion threshold
of a species’ range. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5vv37'
chicago: 'Polechova, Jitka. “Data from: Is the Sky the Limit? On the Expansion Threshold
of a Species’ Range.” Dryad, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5vv37.'
ieee: 'J. Polechova, “Data from: Is the sky the limit? On the expansion threshold
of a species’ range.” Dryad, 2019.'
ista: 'Polechova J. 2019. Data from: Is the sky the limit? On the expansion threshold
of a species’ range, Dryad, 10.5061/dryad.5vv37.'
mla: 'Polechova, Jitka. Data from: Is the Sky the Limit? On the Expansion Threshold
of a Species’ Range. Dryad, 2019, doi:10.5061/dryad.5vv37.'
short: J. Polechova, (2019).
date_created: 2021-08-09T13:07:28Z
date_published: 2019-06-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-02-23T11:14:30Z
day: '22'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.5061/dryad.5vv37
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5vv37
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Dryad
related_material:
record:
- id: '315'
relation: used_in_publication
status: public
status: public
title: 'Data from: Is the sky the limit? On the expansion threshold of a species''
range'
type: research_data_reference
user_id: 6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '315'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'More than 100 years after Grigg’s influential analysis of species’ borders,
the causes of limits to species’ ranges still represent a puzzle that has never
been understood with clarity. The topic has become especially important recently
as many scientists have become interested in the potential for species’ ranges
to shift in response to climate change—and yet nearly all of those studies fail
to recognise or incorporate evolutionary genetics in a way that relates to theoretical
developments. I show that range margins can be understood based on just two measurable
parameters: (i) the fitness cost of dispersal—a measure of environmental heterogeneity—and
(ii) the strength of genetic drift, which reduces genetic diversity. Together,
these two parameters define an ‘expansion threshold’: adaptation fails when genetic
drift reduces genetic diversity below that required for adaptation to a heterogeneous
environment. When the key parameters drop below this expansion threshold locally,
a sharp range margin forms. When they drop below this threshold throughout the
species’ range, adaptation collapses everywhere, resulting in either extinction
or formation of a fragmented metapopulation. Because the effects of dispersal
differ fundamentally with dimension, the second parameter—the strength of genetic
drift—is qualitatively different compared to a linear habitat. In two-dimensional
habitats, genetic drift becomes effectively independent of selection. It decreases
with ‘neighbourhood size’—the number of individuals accessible by dispersal within
one generation. Moreover, in contrast to earlier predictions, which neglected
evolution of genetic variance and/or stochasticity in two dimensions, dispersal
into small marginal populations aids adaptation. This is because the reduction
of both genetic and demographic stochasticity has a stronger effect than the cost
of dispersal through increased maladaptation. The expansion threshold thus provides
a novel, theoretically justified, and testable prediction for formation of the
range margin and collapse of the species’ range.'
article_number: e2005372
author:
- first_name: Jitka
full_name: Polechova, Jitka
id: 3BBFB084-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Polechova
orcid: 0000-0003-0951-3112
citation:
ama: Polechova J. Is the sky the limit? On the expansion threshold of a species’
range. PLoS Biology. 2018;16(6). doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2005372
apa: Polechova, J. (2018). Is the sky the limit? On the expansion threshold of a
species’ range. PLoS Biology. Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2005372
chicago: Polechova, Jitka. “Is the Sky the Limit? On the Expansion Threshold of
a Species’ Range.” PLoS Biology. Public Library of Science, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2005372.
ieee: J. Polechova, “Is the sky the limit? On the expansion threshold of a species’
range,” PLoS Biology, vol. 16, no. 6. Public Library of Science, 2018.
ista: Polechova J. 2018. Is the sky the limit? On the expansion threshold of a species’
range. PLoS Biology. 16(6), e2005372.
mla: Polechova, Jitka. “Is the Sky the Limit? On the Expansion Threshold of a Species’
Range.” PLoS Biology, vol. 16, no. 6, e2005372, Public Library of Science,
2018, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2005372.
short: J. Polechova, PLoS Biology 16 (2018).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:45:46Z
date_published: 2018-06-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-02-23T14:10:16Z
day: '15'
ddc:
- '576'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005372
file:
- access_level: open_access
checksum: 908c52751bba30c55ed36789e5e4c84d
content_type: application/pdf
creator: dernst
date_created: 2019-01-22T08:30:03Z
date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:01Z
file_id: '5870'
file_name: 2017_PLOS_Polechova.pdf
file_size: 6968201
relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:46:01Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: ' 16'
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: PLoS Biology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- '15449173'
publication_status: published
publisher: Public Library of Science
publist_id: '7550'
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
record:
- id: '9839'
relation: research_data
status: public
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: Is the sky the limit? On the expansion threshold of a species’ range
tmp:
image: /images/cc_by.png
legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 16
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '1818'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Why do species not adapt to ever-wider ranges of conditions, gradually expanding
their ecological niche and geographic range? Gene flow across environments has
two conflicting effects: although it increases genetic variation, which is a prerequisite
for adaptation, gene flow may swamp adaptation to local conditions. In 1956, Haldane
proposed that, when the environment varies across space, "swamping"
by gene flow creates a positive feedback between low population size and maladaptation,
leading to a sharp range margin. However, current deterministic theory shows that,
when variance can evolve, there is no such limit. Using simple analytical tools
and simulations, we show that genetic drift can generate a sharp margin to a species''
range, by reducing genetic variance below the level needed for adaptation to spatially
variable conditions. Aided by separation of ecological and evolutionary timescales,
the identified effective dimensionless parameters reveal a simple threshold that
predicts when adaptation at the range margin fails. Two observable parameters
determine the threshold: (i) the effective environmental gradient, which can be
measured by the loss of fitness due to dispersal to a different environment; and
(ii) the efficacy of selection relative to genetic drift. The theory predicts
sharp range margins even in the absence of abrupt changes in the environment.
Furthermore, it implies that gradual worsening of conditions across a species''
habitat may lead to a sudden range fragmentation, when adaptation to a wide span
of conditions within a single species becomes impossible.'
author:
- first_name: Jitka
full_name: Polechova, Jitka
id: 3BBFB084-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Polechova
orcid: 0000-0003-0951-3112
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
ama: Polechova J, Barton NH. Limits to adaptation along environmental gradients.
PNAS. 2015;112(20):6401-6406. doi:10.1073/pnas.1421515112
apa: Polechova, J., & Barton, N. H. (2015). Limits to adaptation along environmental
gradients. PNAS. National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421515112
chicago: Polechova, Jitka, and Nicholas H Barton. “Limits to Adaptation along Environmental
Gradients.” PNAS. National Academy of Sciences, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421515112.
ieee: J. Polechova and N. H. Barton, “Limits to adaptation along environmental gradients,”
PNAS, vol. 112, no. 20. National Academy of Sciences, pp. 6401–6406, 2015.
ista: Polechova J, Barton NH. 2015. Limits to adaptation along environmental gradients.
PNAS. 112(20), 6401–6406.
mla: Polechova, Jitka, and Nicholas H. Barton. “Limits to Adaptation along Environmental
Gradients.” PNAS, vol. 112, no. 20, National Academy of Sciences, 2015,
pp. 6401–06, doi:10.1073/pnas.1421515112.
short: J. Polechova, N.H. Barton, PNAS 112 (2015) 6401–6406.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:54:11Z
date_published: 2015-05-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:53:24Z
day: '19'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1421515112
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
pmid:
- '25941385'
intvolume: ' 112'
issue: '20'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4443383/
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: 6401 - 6406
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 25B07788-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '250152'
name: Limits to selection in biology and in evolutionary computation
publication: PNAS
publication_status: published
publisher: National Academy of Sciences
publist_id: '5288'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: Limits to adaptation along environmental gradients
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 112
year: '2015'
...
---
_id: '3394'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Random genetic drift shifts clines in space, alters their width, and distorts
their shape. Such random fluctuations complicate inferences from cline width and
position. Notably, the effect of genetic drift on the expected shape of the cline
is opposite to the naive (but quite common) misinterpretation of classic results
on the expected cline. While random drift on average broadens the overall cline
in expected allele frequency, it narrows the width of any particular cline. The
opposing effects arise because locally, drift drives alleles to fixation—but fluctuations
in position widen the expected cline. The effect of genetic drift can be predicted
from standardized variance in allele frequencies, averaged across the habitat:
〈F〉. A cline maintained by spatially varying selection (step change) is expected
to be narrower by a factor of relative to the cline in the absence of drift.
The expected cline is broader by the inverse of this factor. In a tension zone
maintained by underdominance, the expected cline width is narrower by about 1
– 〈F〉relative to the width in the absence of drift. Individual clines can differ
substantially from the expectation, and we give quantitative predictions for the
variance in cline position and width. The predictions apply to clines in almost
one-dimensional circumstances such as hybrid zones in rivers, deep valleys, or
along a coast line and give a guide to what patterns to expect in two dimensions.'
author:
- first_name: Jitka
full_name: Polechova, Jitka
id: 3BBFB084-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Polechova
orcid: 0000-0003-0951-3112
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
ama: Polechova J, Barton NH. Genetic drift widens the expected cline but narrows
the expected cline width. Genetics. 2011;189(1):227-235. doi:10.1534/genetics.111.129817
apa: Polechova, J., & Barton, N. H. (2011). Genetic drift widens the expected
cline but narrows the expected cline width. Genetics. Genetics Society
of America. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.111.129817
chicago: Polechova, Jitka, and Nicholas H Barton. “Genetic Drift Widens the Expected
Cline but Narrows the Expected Cline Width.” Genetics. Genetics Society
of America, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.111.129817.
ieee: J. Polechova and N. H. Barton, “Genetic drift widens the expected cline but
narrows the expected cline width,” Genetics, vol. 189, no. 1. Genetics
Society of America, pp. 227–235, 2011.
ista: Polechova J, Barton NH. 2011. Genetic drift widens the expected cline but
narrows the expected cline width. Genetics. 189(1), 227–235.
mla: Polechova, Jitka, and Nicholas H. Barton. “Genetic Drift Widens the Expected
Cline but Narrows the Expected Cline Width.” Genetics, vol. 189, no. 1,
Genetics Society of America, 2011, pp. 227–35, doi:10.1534/genetics.111.129817.
short: J. Polechova, N.H. Barton, Genetics 189 (2011) 227–235.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:05Z
date_published: 2011-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:43:11Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1534/genetics.111.129817
ec_funded: 1
intvolume: ' 189'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3176109/
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: 227 - 235
project:
- _id: 25B07788-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '250152'
name: Limits to selection in biology and in evolutionary computation
publication: Genetics
publication_status: published
publisher: Genetics Society of America
publist_id: '3213'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: Genetic drift widens the expected cline but narrows the expected cline width
type: journal_article
user_id: 4435EBFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 189
year: '2011'
...
---
_id: '4134'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'All species are restricted in their distribution. Currently, ecological models
can only explain such limits if patches vary in quality, leading to asymmetrical
dispersal, or if genetic variation is too low at the margins for adaptation. However,
population genetic models suggest that the increase in genetic variance resulting
from dispersal should allow adaptation to almost any ecological gradient. Clearly
therefore, these models miss something that prevents evolution in natural populations.
We developed an individual-based simulation to explore stochastic effects in these
models. At high carrying capacities, our simulations largely agree with deterministic
predictions. However, when carrying capacity is low, the population fails to establish
for a wide range of parameter values where adaptation was expected from previous
models. Stochastic or transient effects appear critical around the boundaries
in parameter space between simulation behaviours. Dispersal, gradient steepness,
and population density emerge as key factors determining adaptation on an ecological
gradient. '
acknowledgement: We are very grateful to Nick Barton.
author:
- first_name: Jon
full_name: Bridle, Jon
last_name: Bridle
- first_name: Jitka
full_name: Polechova, Jitka
id: 3BBFB084-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Polechova
orcid: 0000-0003-0951-3112
- first_name: Masakado
full_name: Kawata, Masakado
last_name: Kawata
- first_name: Roger
full_name: Butlin, Roger
last_name: Butlin
citation:
ama: Bridle J, Polechova J, Kawata M, Butlin R. Why is adaptation prevented at ecological
margins? New insights from individual-based simulations. Ecology Letters.
2010;13(4):485-494. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01442.x
apa: Bridle, J., Polechova, J., Kawata, M., & Butlin, R. (2010). Why is adaptation
prevented at ecological margins? New insights from individual-based simulations.
Ecology Letters. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01442.x
chicago: Bridle, Jon, Jitka Polechova, Masakado Kawata, and Roger Butlin. “Why Is
Adaptation Prevented at Ecological Margins? New Insights from Individual-Based
Simulations.” Ecology Letters. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01442.x.
ieee: J. Bridle, J. Polechova, M. Kawata, and R. Butlin, “Why is adaptation prevented
at ecological margins? New insights from individual-based simulations,” Ecology
Letters, vol. 13, no. 4. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 485–494, 2010.
ista: Bridle J, Polechova J, Kawata M, Butlin R. 2010. Why is adaptation prevented
at ecological margins? New insights from individual-based simulations. Ecology
Letters. 13(4), 485–494.
mla: Bridle, Jon, et al. “Why Is Adaptation Prevented at Ecological Margins? New
Insights from Individual-Based Simulations.” Ecology Letters, vol. 13,
no. 4, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010, pp. 485–94, doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01442.x.
short: J. Bridle, J. Polechova, M. Kawata, R. Butlin, Ecology Letters 13 (2010)
485–494.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:08Z
date_published: 2010-03-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:54:45Z
day: '15'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01442.x
ec_funded: 1
intvolume: ' 13'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
page: 485 - 494
project:
- _id: 25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
call_identifier: FP7
grant_number: '291734'
name: International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme
publication: Ecology Letters
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '1987'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: Why is adaptation prevented at ecological margins? New insights from individual-based
simulations
type: journal_article
user_id: 4435EBFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 13
year: '2010'
...
---
_id: '4136'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Populations living in a spatially and temporally changing environment can
adapt to the changing optimum and/or migrate toward favorable habitats. Here we
extend previous analyses with a static optimum to allow the environment to vary
in time as well as in space. The model follows both population dynamics and the
trait mean under stabilizing selection, and the outcomes can be understood by
comparing the loads due to genetic variance, dispersal, and temporal change. With
fixed genetic variance, we obtain two regimes: (1) adaptation that is uniform
along the environmental gradient and that responds to the moving optimum as expected
for panmictic populations and when the spatial gradient is sufficiently steep,
and (2) a population with limited range that adapts more slowly than the environmental
optimum changes in both time and space; the population therefore becomes locally
extinct and migrates toward suitable habitat. We also use a population‐genetic
model with many loci to allow genetic variance to evolve, and we show that the
only solution now has uniform adaptation.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jitka
full_name: Polechova, Jitka
id: 3BBFB084-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Polechova
orcid: 0000-0003-0951-3112
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Glenn
full_name: Marion, Glenn
last_name: Marion
citation:
ama: 'Polechova J, Barton NH, Marion G. Species’ range: Adaptation in space and
time. American Naturalist. 2009;174(5):E186-E204. doi:10.1086/605958'
apa: 'Polechova, J., Barton, N. H., & Marion, G. (2009). Species’ range: Adaptation
in space and time. American Naturalist. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.1086/605958'
chicago: 'Polechova, Jitka, Nicholas H Barton, and Glenn Marion. “Species’ Range:
Adaptation in Space and Time.” American Naturalist. University of Chicago
Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1086/605958.'
ieee: 'J. Polechova, N. H. Barton, and G. Marion, “Species’ range: Adaptation in
space and time,” American Naturalist, vol. 174, no. 5. University of Chicago
Press, pp. E186–E204, 2009.'
ista: 'Polechova J, Barton NH, Marion G. 2009. Species’ range: Adaptation in space
and time. American Naturalist. 174(5), E186–E204.'
mla: 'Polechova, Jitka, et al. “Species’ Range: Adaptation in Space and Time.” American
Naturalist, vol. 174, no. 5, University of Chicago Press, 2009, pp. E186–204,
doi:10.1086/605958.'
short: J. Polechova, N.H. Barton, G. Marion, American Naturalist 174 (2009) E186–E204.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:09Z
date_published: 2009-11-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:54:46Z
day: '05'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1086/605958
external_id:
pmid:
- ' 19788353'
intvolume: ' 174'
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://www.doi.org/10.1086/605958
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: E186 - E204
pmid: 1
publication: American Naturalist
publication_status: published
publisher: University of Chicago Press
publist_id: '1986'
pubrep_id: '552'
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
link:
- relation: erratum
url: https://doi.org/10.1086/659642
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: 'Species'' range: Adaptation in space and time'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 174
year: '2009'
...
---
_id: '4135'
author:
- first_name: D.
full_name: Storch,D.
last_name: Storch
- first_name: A.
full_name: Šizling,A. L
last_name: Šizling
- first_name: J.
full_name: Reif,J.
last_name: Reif
- first_name: Jitka
full_name: Jitka Polechova
id: 3BBFB084-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Polechova
orcid: 0000-0003-0951-3112
- first_name: E.
full_name: Šizlingová,E.
last_name: Šizlingová
- first_name: K.
full_name: Gaston,K. J
last_name: Gaston
citation:
ama: 'Storch D, Šizling A, Reif J, Polechova J, Šizlingová E, Gaston K. The quest
for a null model for macroecological patterns: geometry of species distributions
at multiple spatial scales. Ecology Letters. 2008;11(8):771-784. doi:3817'
apa: 'Storch, D., Šizling, A., Reif, J., Polechova, J., Šizlingová, E., & Gaston,
K. (2008). The quest for a null model for macroecological patterns: geometry of
species distributions at multiple spatial scales. Ecology Letters. Wiley-Blackwell.
https://doi.org/3817'
chicago: 'Storch, D., A. Šizling, J. Reif, Jitka Polechova, E. Šizlingová, and K.
Gaston. “The Quest for a Null Model for Macroecological Patterns: Geometry of
Species Distributions at Multiple Spatial Scales.” Ecology Letters. Wiley-Blackwell,
2008. https://doi.org/3817.'
ieee: 'D. Storch, A. Šizling, J. Reif, J. Polechova, E. Šizlingová, and K. Gaston,
“The quest for a null model for macroecological patterns: geometry of species
distributions at multiple spatial scales,” Ecology Letters, vol. 11, no.
8. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 771–784, 2008.'
ista: 'Storch D, Šizling A, Reif J, Polechova J, Šizlingová E, Gaston K. 2008. The
quest for a null model for macroecological patterns: geometry of species distributions
at multiple spatial scales. Ecology Letters. 11(8), 771–784.'
mla: 'Storch, D., et al. “The Quest for a Null Model for Macroecological Patterns:
Geometry of Species Distributions at Multiple Spatial Scales.” Ecology Letters,
vol. 11, no. 8, Wiley-Blackwell, 2008, pp. 771–84, doi:3817.'
short: D. Storch, A. Šizling, J. Reif, J. Polechova, E. Šizlingová, K. Gaston, Ecology
Letters 11 (2008) 771–784.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:09Z
date_published: 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:54:46Z
day: '01'
doi: '3817'
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 11'
issue: '8'
month: '01'
page: 771 - 784
publication: Ecology Letters
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '1985'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: 'The quest for a null model for macroecological patterns: geometry of species
distributions at multiple spatial scales'
type: journal_article
volume: 11
year: '2008'
...
---
_id: '4137'
author:
- first_name: Jon
full_name: Bridle, Jon R
last_name: Bridle
- first_name: Jitka
full_name: Jitka Polechova
id: 3BBFB084-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Polechova
orcid: 0000-0003-0951-3112
- first_name: Timothy
full_name: Vines, Timothy H
last_name: Vines
citation:
ama: 'Bridle J, Polechova J, Vines T. Patterns of biodiversity and limits to adaptation
in time and space. In: R. K. Butlin JR, Schluter D, eds. Evolution and Speciation.
Cambridge University Press; 2008:77-101. doi:3816'
apa: Bridle, J., Polechova, J., & Vines, T. (2008). Patterns of biodiversity
and limits to adaptation in time and space. In J. R. R. K. Butlin & D. Schluter
(Eds.), Evolution and Speciation (pp. 77–101). Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/3816
chicago: Bridle, Jon, Jitka Polechova, and Timothy Vines. “Patterns of Biodiversity
and Limits to Adaptation in Time and Space.” In Evolution and Speciation,
edited by J.R. R. K. Butlin and D. Schluter, 77–101. Cambridge University Press,
2008. https://doi.org/3816.
ieee: J. Bridle, J. Polechova, and T. Vines, “Patterns of biodiversity and limits
to adaptation in time and space,” in Evolution and Speciation, J. R. R.
K. Butlin and D. Schluter, Eds. Cambridge University Press, 2008, pp. 77–101.
ista: 'Bridle J, Polechova J, Vines T. 2008.Patterns of biodiversity and limits
to adaptation in time and space. In: Evolution and Speciation. , 77–101.'
mla: Bridle, Jon, et al. “Patterns of Biodiversity and Limits to Adaptation in Time
and Space.” Evolution and Speciation, edited by J.R. R. K. Butlin and D.
Schluter, Cambridge University Press, 2008, pp. 77–101, doi:3816.
short: J. Bridle, J. Polechova, T. Vines, in:, J.R. R. K. Butlin, D. Schluter (Eds.),
Evolution and Speciation, Cambridge University Press, 2008, pp. 77–101.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:09Z
date_published: 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:54:46Z
day: '01'
doi: '3816'
editor:
- first_name: J.R.
full_name: R. K. Butlin,J.R. Bridle
last_name: R. K. Butlin
- first_name: D.
full_name: Schluter,D.
last_name: Schluter
extern: 1
month: '01'
page: 77 - 101
publication: Evolution and Speciation
publication_status: published
publisher: Cambridge University Press
publist_id: '1984'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Patterns of biodiversity and limits to adaptation in time and space
type: book_chapter
year: '2008'
...
---
_id: '4138'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: |-
Adaptive dynamics describes the evolution of an asexual population through the successive substitution of mutations of small effect. Waxman & Gavrilets (2005) give an excellent overview of the method and its applications. In this note, we focus on the plausibility of the key assumption that mutations have small effects, and the consequences of relaxing that assumption. We argue that: (i) successful mutations often have large effects; (ii) such mutations generate a qualitatively different evolutionary pattern, which is inherently stochastic; and (iii) in models of competition for a continuous resource, selection becomes very weak once several phenotypes are established. This makes the effects of introducing new mutations unpredictable using the methods of adaptive dynamics.
We should make clear at the outset that our criticism is of methods that rely on local analysis of fitness gradients (eqn 2 of Waxman & Gavrilets, 2005), and not of the broader idea that evolution can be understood by examining the invasion of successive mutations. We use the term ‘adaptive dynamics’ to refer to the former technique, and contrast it with a more general population genetic analysis of probabilities of invasion.
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Nicholas Barton
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Jitka
full_name: Jitka Polechova
id: 3BBFB084-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Polechova
orcid: 0000-0003-0951-3112
citation:
ama: Barton NH, Polechova J. The limitations of adaptive dynamics as a model of
evolution. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2005;18(5):1186-1190. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00943.x
apa: Barton, N. H., & Polechova, J. (2005). The limitations of adaptive dynamics
as a model of evolution. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. Wiley-Blackwell.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00943.x
chicago: Barton, Nicholas H, and Jitka Polechova. “The Limitations of Adaptive Dynamics
as a Model of Evolution.” Journal of Evolutionary Biology. Wiley-Blackwell,
2005. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00943.x.
ieee: N. H. Barton and J. Polechova, “The limitations of adaptive dynamics as a
model of evolution,” Journal of Evolutionary Biology, vol. 18, no. 5. Wiley-Blackwell,
pp. 1186–1190, 2005.
ista: Barton NH, Polechova J. 2005. The limitations of adaptive dynamics as a model
of evolution. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 18(5), 1186–1190.
mla: Barton, Nicholas H., and Jitka Polechova. “The Limitations of Adaptive Dynamics
as a Model of Evolution.” Journal of Evolutionary Biology, vol. 18, no.
5, Wiley-Blackwell, 2005, pp. 1186–90, doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00943.x.
short: N.H. Barton, J. Polechova, Journal of Evolutionary Biology 18 (2005) 1186–1190.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:10Z
date_published: 2005-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:54:47Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00943.x
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 18'
issue: '5'
month: '09'
page: 1186 - 1190
publication: Journal of Evolutionary Biology
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '1982'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: The limitations of adaptive dynamics as a model of evolution
type: journal_article
volume: 18
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '4249'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We examined causes of speciation in asexual populations in both sympatry and
parapatry, providing an alternative explanation for the speciation patterns reported
by Dieckmann and Doebeli (1999) and Doebeli and Dieckmann (2003). Both in sympatry
and parapatry, they find that speciation occurs relatively easily. We reveal that
in the sympatric clonal model, the equilibrium distribution is continuous and
the disruptive selection driving evolution of discrete clusters is only transient.
Hence, if discrete phenotypes are to remain stable in the sympatric sexual model,
there should be some source of nontransient disruptive selection that will drive
evolution of assortment. We analyze sexually reproducing populations using the
Bulmer’s infinitesimal model and show that cost-free assortment alone leads to
speciation and disruptive selection only arises when the optimal distribution
cannot be matched—in this example, because the phenotypic range is limited. In
addition, Doebeli and Dieckmann’s analyses assumed a high genetic variance and
a high mutation rate. Thus, these theoretical models do not support the conclusion
that sympatric speciation is a likely outcome of competition for resources. In
their parapatric model (Doebeli and Dieckmann 2003), clustering into distinct
phenotypes is driven by edge effects, rather than by frequency-dependent competition.
author:
- first_name: Jitka
full_name: Jitka Polechova
id: 3BBFB084-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Polechova
orcid: 0000-0003-0951-3112
- first_name: Nicholas H
full_name: Nicholas Barton
id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Barton
orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
ama: 'Polechova J, Barton NH. Speciation through competition: A critical review.
Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 2005;59(6):1194-1210.
doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01771.x'
apa: 'Polechova, J., & Barton, N. H. (2005). Speciation through competition:
A critical review. Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution.
Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01771.x'
chicago: 'Polechova, Jitka, and Nicholas H Barton. “Speciation through Competition:
A Critical Review.” Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution.
Wiley-Blackwell, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01771.x.'
ieee: 'J. Polechova and N. H. Barton, “Speciation through competition: A critical
review,” Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution, vol. 59,
no. 6. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 1194–1210, 2005.'
ista: 'Polechova J, Barton NH. 2005. Speciation through competition: A critical
review. Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 59(6), 1194–1210.'
mla: 'Polechova, Jitka, and Nicholas H. Barton. “Speciation through Competition:
A Critical Review.” Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution,
vol. 59, no. 6, Wiley-Blackwell, 2005, pp. 1194–210, doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01771.x.'
short: J. Polechova, N.H. Barton, Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
59 (2005) 1194–1210.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:50Z
date_published: 2005-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T07:55:36Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2005.tb01771.x
extern: 1
intvolume: ' 59'
issue: '6'
month: '06'
page: 1194 - 1210
publication: Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '1849'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: 'Speciation through competition: A critical review'
type: journal_article
volume: 59
year: '2005'
...
---
_id: '4139'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Pilot studies in England by Stopka and Macdonald revealed that allogrooming
in the Old World wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, is a commodity that males can
trade for reproductive benefits with females. This study, which used a combination
of field study and observations in experimental enclosures, revealed that specific
experimental conditions such as group-size and sex-ratio manipulations have a
significant effect on the pattern of allogrooming exchanged between individuals.
Furthermore, females from the Czech population were more likely to associate with
each other as revealed by the clustering of activity centers of females (i.e.,
as opposed to almost exclusive ranges in English populations), and also by the
higher intensity of allogrooming exchanged between females (i.e., virtually lacking
in the previous experiment with English mice). Therefore, geographic variation
and specific social conditions seem to be important driving factors for allogrooming
behavior. Together with changes in overall grooming patterns, allogrooming between
males and females remained invariably asymmetrical over all four experimental
groups (i.e., two conditions for each sex) in that males provided more allogrooming
to females than they received from them.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jitka
full_name: Polechova, Jitka
id: 3BBFB084-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
last_name: Polechova
orcid: 0000-0003-0951-3112
- first_name: P.
full_name: Stopka, P.
last_name: Stopka
citation:
ama: Polechova J, Stopka P. Geometry of social relationships in the Old World wood
mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2002;80(8):1383-1388.
doi:10.1139/z02-128
apa: Polechova, J., & Stopka, P. (2002). Geometry of social relationships in
the Old World wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus. Canadian Journal of Zoology.
NRC Research Press. https://doi.org/10.1139/z02-128
chicago: Polechova, Jitka, and P. Stopka. “Geometry of Social Relationships in the
Old World Wood Mouse, Apodemus Sylvaticus.” Canadian Journal of Zoology.
NRC Research Press, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1139/z02-128.
ieee: J. Polechova and P. Stopka, “Geometry of social relationships in the Old World
wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus,” Canadian Journal of Zoology, vol. 80,
no. 8. NRC Research Press, pp. 1383–1388, 2002.
ista: Polechova J, Stopka P. 2002. Geometry of social relationships in the Old World
wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 80(8), 1383–1388.
mla: Polechova, Jitka, and P. Stopka. “Geometry of Social Relationships in the Old
World Wood Mouse, Apodemus Sylvaticus.” Canadian Journal of Zoology, vol.
80, no. 8, NRC Research Press, 2002, pp. 1383–88, doi:10.1139/z02-128.
short: J. Polechova, P. Stopka, Canadian Journal of Zoology 80 (2002) 1383–1388.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:10Z
date_published: 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-06-07T12:53:35Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1139/z02-128
extern: '1'
intvolume: ' 80'
issue: '8'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 1383 - 1388
publication: Canadian Journal of Zoology
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 0008-4301
publication_status: published
publisher: NRC Research Press
publist_id: '1981'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Geometry of social relationships in the Old World wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 80
year: '2002'
...