[{"file_date_updated":"2022-03-28T08:02:12Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["20411723"]},"publication_status":"published","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"intvolume":" 13","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Solid-state microwave systems offer strong interactions for fast quantum logic and sensing but photons at telecom wavelength are the ideal choice for high-density low-loss quantum interconnects. A general-purpose interface that can make use of single photon effects requires < 1 input noise quanta, which has remained elusive due to either low efficiency or pump induced heating. Here we demonstrate coherent electro-optic modulation on nanosecond-timescales with only 0.16+0.02−0.01 microwave input noise photons with a total bidirectional transduction efficiency of 8.7% (or up to 15% with 0.41+0.02−0.02), as required for near-term heralded quantum network protocols. The use of short and high-power optical pump pulses also enables near-unity cooperativity of the electro-optic interaction leading to an internal pure conversion efficiency of up to 99.5%. Together with the low mode occupancy this provides evidence for electro-optic laser cooling and vacuum amplification as predicted a decade ago."}],"has_accepted_license":"1","date_created":"2022-03-27T22:01:45Z","article_type":"original","volume":13,"title":"Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface","oa_version":"Published Version","scopus_import":"1","day":"11","author":[{"last_name":"Sahu","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","first_name":"Rishabh"},{"first_name":"William J","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","full_name":"Hease, William J","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hease"},{"id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","first_name":"Alfredo R"},{"id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","last_name":"Arnold","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","first_name":"Georg M"},{"first_name":"Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-4345-4267","last_name":"Qiu","full_name":"Qiu, Liu","id":"45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac"},{"last_name":"Fink","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M"}],"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","citation":{"short":"R. Sahu, W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, G.M. Arnold, L. Qiu, J.M. Fink, Nature Communications 13 (2022).","ieee":"R. Sahu, W. J. Hease, A. R. Rueda Sanchez, G. M. Arnold, L. Qiu, and J. M. Fink, “Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface,” Nature Communications, vol. 13. Springer Nature, 2022.","ama":"Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface. Nature Communications. 2022;13. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2","mla":"Sahu, Rishabh, et al. “Quantum-Enabled Operation of a Microwave-Optical Interface.” Nature Communications, vol. 13, 1276, Springer Nature, 2022, doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2.","apa":"Sahu, R., Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Arnold, G. M., Qiu, L., & Fink, J. M. (2022). Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface. Nature Communications. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2","ista":"Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. 2022. Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface. Nature Communications. 13, 1276.","chicago":"Sahu, Rishabh, William J Hease, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Georg M Arnold, Liu Qiu, and Johannes M Fink. “Quantum-Enabled Operation of a Microwave-Optical Interface.” Nature Communications. Springer Nature, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"file":[{"relation":"main_file","checksum":"7c5176db7b8e2ed18a4e0c5aca70a72c","file_name":"2022_NatureCommunications_Sahu.pdf","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_id":"10929","file_size":1167492,"date_created":"2022-03-28T08:02:12Z","creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2022-03-28T08:02:12Z"}],"article_number":"1276","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"month":"03","arxiv":1,"quality_controlled":"1","ddc":["530"],"type":"journal_article","_id":"10924","date_updated":"2024-10-29T09:11:06Z","publisher":"Springer Nature","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2","acknowledgement":"The authors thank S. Wald and F. Diorico for their help with optical filtering, O. Hosten\r\nand M. Aspelmeyer for equipment, H.G.L. Schwefel for materials and discussions, L.\r\nDrmic and P. Zielinski for software support, and the MIBA workshop at IST Austria for\r\nmachining the microwave cavity. This work was supported by the European Research\r\nCouncil under grant agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT) and the European\r\nUnion’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no.\r\n899354 (FETopen SuperQuLAN). W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship\r\nwith funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation\r\nprogram under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 754411. G.A. is the\r\nrecipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. J.M.F.\r\nacknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F7105)\r\nand the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs under grant\r\nagreement no. 862644 (FETopen QUARTET).","date_published":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","ec_funded":1,"publication":"Nature Communications","status":"public","project":[{"_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"758053","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits"},{"_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"899354","name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits"},{"_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"754411","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships"},{"_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits","grant_number":"F07105"},{"grant_number":"862644","name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"12900","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"13175"}]},"external_id":{"isi":["000767892300013"],"arxiv":["2107.08303"]},"year":"2022","isi":1},{"department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"article_number":"FW4D.4","year":"2022","month":"05","citation":{"ama":"Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light. In: Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Optica Publishing Group; 2022. doi:10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4","ieee":"R. Sahu, W. J. Hease, A. R. Rueda Sanchez, G. M. Arnold, L. Qiu, and J. M. Fink, “Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, San Jose, CA, United States, 2022.","short":"R. Sahu, W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, G.M. Arnold, L. Qiu, J.M. Fink, in:, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Optica Publishing Group, 2022.","ista":"Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. 2022. Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. CLEO: QELS Fundamental Science, FW4D.4.","chicago":"Sahu, Rishabh, William J Hease, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Georg M Arnold, Liu Qiu, and Johannes M Fink. “Realizing a Quantum-Enabled Interconnect between Microwave and Telecom Light.” In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4.","apa":"Sahu, R., Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Arnold, G. M., Qiu, L., & Fink, J. M. (2022). Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light. In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. San Jose, CA, United States: Optica Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4","mla":"Sahu, Rishabh, et al. “Realizing a Quantum-Enabled Interconnect between Microwave and Telecom Light.” Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, FW4D.4, Optica Publishing Group, 2022, doi:10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4."},"date_published":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","conference":{"location":"San Jose, CA, United States","name":"CLEO: QELS Fundamental Science","start_date":"2022-05-15","end_date":"2022-05-20"},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication":"Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","date_updated":"2023-02-13T09:06:10Z","_id":"12088","type":"conference","date_created":"2022-09-11T22:01:58Z","author":[{"first_name":"Rishabh","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Sahu"},{"full_name":"Hease, William J","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hease","first_name":"William J"},{"first_name":"Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R"},{"id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","last_name":"Arnold","first_name":"Georg M"},{"last_name":"Qiu","id":"45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac","full_name":"Qiu, Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-4345-4267","first_name":"Liu"},{"last_name":"Fink","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X"}],"doi":"10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4","scopus_import":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"01","title":"Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light","oa_version":"None","publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781557528209"]},"publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We present a quantum-enabled microwave-telecom interface with bidirectional conversion efficiencies up to 15% and added input noise quanta as low as 0.16. Moreover, we observe evidence for electro-optic laser cooling and vacuum amplification."}]},{"author":[{"full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","first_name":"Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860"}],"day":"11","scopus_import":"1","title":"Frequency-multiplexed hybrid optical entangled source based on the Pockels effect","oa_version":"Preprint","volume":103,"article_type":"original","date_created":"2021-03-14T23:01:33Z","abstract":[{"text":"In the recent years important experimental advances in resonant electro-optic modulators as high-efficiency sources for coherent frequency combs and as devices for quantum information transfer have been realized, where strong optical and microwave mode coupling were achieved. These features suggest electro-optic-based devices as candidates for entangled optical frequency comb sources. In the present work, I study the generation of entangled optical frequency combs in millimeter-sized resonant electro-optic modulators. These devices profit from the experimentally proven advantages such as nearly constant optical free spectral ranges over several gigahertz, and high optical and microwave quality factors. The generation of frequency multiplexed quantum channels with spectral bandwidth in the MHz range for conservative parameter values paves the way towards novel uses in long-distance hybrid quantum networks, quantum key distribution, enhanced optical metrology, and quantum computing.","lang":"eng"}],"intvolume":" 103","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2469-9934"],"issn":["2469-9926"]},"publication_status":"published","arxiv":1,"month":"02","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"article_number":"023708","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"2","citation":{"ama":"Rueda Sanchez AR. Frequency-multiplexed hybrid optical entangled source based on the Pockels effect. Physical Review A. 2021;103(2). doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.103.023708","short":"A.R. Rueda Sanchez, Physical Review A 103 (2021).","ieee":"A. R. Rueda Sanchez, “Frequency-multiplexed hybrid optical entangled source based on the Pockels effect,” Physical Review A, vol. 103, no. 2. American Physical Society, 2021.","ista":"Rueda Sanchez AR. 2021. Frequency-multiplexed hybrid optical entangled source based on the Pockels effect. Physical Review A. 103(2), 023708.","chicago":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R. “Frequency-Multiplexed Hybrid Optical Entangled Source Based on the Pockels Effect.” Physical Review A. American Physical Society, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.103.023708.","mla":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R. “Frequency-Multiplexed Hybrid Optical Entangled Source Based on the Pockels Effect.” Physical Review A, vol. 103, no. 2, 023708, American Physical Society, 2021, doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.103.023708.","apa":"Rueda Sanchez, A. R. (2021). Frequency-multiplexed hybrid optical entangled source based on the Pockels effect. Physical Review A. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.103.023708"},"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevA.103.023708","article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"American Physical Society","date_updated":"2023-08-07T14:11:18Z","_id":"9242","type":"journal_article","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.05356","open_access":"1"}],"quality_controlled":"1","year":"2021","isi":1,"external_id":{"arxiv":["2010.05356"],"isi":["000617037900013"]},"status":"public","publication":"Physical Review A","acknowledgement":"I thank Prof. Shabir Barzanjeh and Dr. Ulrich Vogl for the fruitful discussions.\r\n","date_published":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z"},{"date_updated":"2023-10-17T12:54:54Z","_id":"9815","type":"journal_article","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/ac0f36","article_processing_charge":"Yes","publisher":"IOP Publishing","quality_controlled":"1","ddc":["530"],"isi":1,"year":"2021","external_id":{"arxiv":["2008.08764"],"isi":["000673081500001"]},"date_published":"2021-07-15T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"NJL is supported by the MBIE Endeavour Fund (UOOX1805) and GL is by the Julius von Haast Fellowship of New Zealand. SM acknowledges stimulating discussions with T M Jensen.","publication":"Quantum Science and Technology","status":"public","volume":6,"article_type":"original","date_created":"2021-08-08T22:01:25Z","author":[{"last_name":"Mobassem","full_name":"Mobassem, Sonia","first_name":"Sonia"},{"first_name":"Nicholas J.","last_name":"Lambert","full_name":"Lambert, Nicholas J."},{"first_name":"Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","last_name":"Fink","first_name":"Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X"},{"first_name":"Gerd","full_name":"Leuchs, Gerd","last_name":"Leuchs"},{"full_name":"Schwefel, Harald G.L.","last_name":"Schwefel","first_name":"Harald G.L."}],"scopus_import":"1","day":"15","oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Thermal noise in electro-optic devices at cryogenic temperatures","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2058-9565"]},"file_date_updated":"2021-08-09T12:23:13Z","has_accepted_license":"1","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"intvolume":" 6","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The quantum bits (qubits) on which superconducting quantum computers are based have energy scales corresponding to photons with GHz frequencies. The energy of photons in the gigahertz domain is too low to allow transmission through the noisy room-temperature environment, where the signal would be lost in thermal noise. Optical photons, on the other hand, have much higher energies, and signals can be detected using highly efficient single-photon detectors. Transduction from microwave to optical frequencies is therefore a potential enabling technology for quantum devices. However, in such a device the optical pump can be a source of thermal noise and thus degrade the fidelity; the similarity of input microwave state to the output optical state. In order to investigate the magnitude of this effect we model the sub-Kelvin thermal behavior of an electro-optic transducer based on a lithium niobate whispering gallery mode resonator. We find that there is an optimum power level for a continuous pump, whilst pulsed operation of the pump increases the fidelity of the conversion."}],"department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"file":[{"file_id":"9836","date_updated":"2021-08-09T12:23:13Z","creator":"cchlebak","date_created":"2021-08-09T12:23:13Z","file_size":2366118,"checksum":"b15c2c228487a75002c3b52d56f23d5c","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2021_QuantumScienceTechnology_Mobassem.pdf"}],"article_number":"045005","arxiv":1,"month":"07","issue":"4","citation":{"apa":"Mobassem, S., Lambert, N. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Fink, J. M., Leuchs, G., & Schwefel, H. G. L. (2021). Thermal noise in electro-optic devices at cryogenic temperatures. Quantum Science and Technology. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ac0f36","mla":"Mobassem, Sonia, et al. “Thermal Noise in Electro-Optic Devices at Cryogenic Temperatures.” Quantum Science and Technology, vol. 6, no. 4, 045005, IOP Publishing, 2021, doi:10.1088/2058-9565/ac0f36.","chicago":"Mobassem, Sonia, Nicholas J. Lambert, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Johannes M Fink, Gerd Leuchs, and Harald G.L. Schwefel. “Thermal Noise in Electro-Optic Devices at Cryogenic Temperatures.” Quantum Science and Technology. IOP Publishing, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ac0f36.","ista":"Mobassem S, Lambert NJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Fink JM, Leuchs G, Schwefel HGL. 2021. Thermal noise in electro-optic devices at cryogenic temperatures. Quantum Science and Technology. 6(4), 045005.","ieee":"S. Mobassem, N. J. Lambert, A. R. Rueda Sanchez, J. M. Fink, G. Leuchs, and H. G. L. Schwefel, “Thermal noise in electro-optic devices at cryogenic temperatures,” Quantum Science and Technology, vol. 6, no. 4. IOP Publishing, 2021.","short":"S. Mobassem, N.J. Lambert, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, J.M. Fink, G. Leuchs, H.G.L. Schwefel, Quantum Science and Technology 6 (2021).","ama":"Mobassem S, Lambert NJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Fink JM, Leuchs G, Schwefel HGL. Thermal noise in electro-optic devices at cryogenic temperatures. Quantum Science and Technology. 2021;6(4). doi:10.1088/2058-9565/ac0f36"},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"doi":"10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z","article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"Springer Nature","date_updated":"2024-08-07T07:11:51Z","_id":"8529","type":"journal_article","ddc":["530"],"quality_controlled":"1","year":"2020","isi":1,"external_id":{"isi":["000577280200001"]},"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"13056","status":"public","relation":"research_data"}],"link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18912-9","relation":"erratum"},{"relation":"press_release","url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/how-to-transport-microwave-quantum-information-via-optical-fiber/","description":"News on IST Homepage"}]},"keyword":["General Biochemistry","Genetics and Molecular Biology","General Physics and Astronomy","General Chemistry"],"project":[{"_id":"257EB838-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies","grant_number":"732894"},{"_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"758053"},{"_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","grant_number":"754411","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies","grant_number":"862644"},{"_id":"2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves to optical frequencies"}],"publication":"Nature Communications","status":"public","ec_funded":1,"date_published":"2020-09-08T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"We thank Yuan Chen for performing supplementary FEM simulations and Andrew Higginbotham, Ralf Riedinger, Sungkun Hong, and Lorenzo Magrini for valuable discussions. This work was supported by IST Austria, the IST nanofabrication facility (NFF), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 732894 (FET Proactive HOT) and the European Research Council under grant agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT). G.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 754411. J.M.F. acknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F71), a NOMIS foundation research grant, and the EU’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 862644 (FET Open QUARTET).","author":[{"first_name":"Georg M","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","last_name":"Arnold","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6613-1378","first_name":"Matthias","id":"45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Wulf, Matthias","last_name":"Wulf"},{"last_name":"Barzanjeh","full_name":"Barzanjeh, Shabir","id":"2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Shabir","orcid":"0000-0003-0415-1423"},{"last_name":"Redchenko","full_name":"Redchenko, Elena","id":"2C21D6E8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Elena"},{"id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","first_name":"Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860"},{"last_name":"Hease","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hease, William J","first_name":"William J","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166"},{"full_name":"Hassani, Farid","id":"2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hassani","first_name":"Farid","orcid":"0000-0001-6937-5773"},{"last_name":"Fink","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","first_name":"Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X"}],"day":"08","title":"Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface","oa_version":"Published Version","volume":11,"article_type":"original","date_created":"2020-09-18T10:56:20Z","has_accepted_license":"1","intvolume":" 11","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"text":"Practical quantum networks require low-loss and noise-resilient optical interconnects as well as non-Gaussian resources for entanglement distillation and distributed quantum computation. The latter could be provided by superconducting circuits but existing solutions to interface the microwave and optical domains lack either scalability or efficiency, and in most cases the conversion noise is not known. In this work we utilize the unique opportunities of silicon photonics, cavity optomechanics and superconducting circuits to demonstrate a fully integrated, coherent transducer interfacing the microwave X and the telecom S bands with a total (internal) bidirectional transduction efficiency of 1.2% (135%) at millikelvin temperatures. The coupling relies solely on the radiation pressure interaction mediated by the femtometer-scale motion of two silicon nanobeams reaching a Vπ as low as 16 μV for sub-nanowatt pump powers. Without the associated optomechanical gain, we achieve a total (internal) pure conversion efficiency of up to 0.019% (1.6%), relevant for future noise-free operation on this qubit-compatible platform.","lang":"eng"}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2041-1723"]},"publication_status":"published","file_date_updated":"2020-09-18T13:02:37Z","month":"09","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"article_number":"4460","file":[{"file_id":"8530","creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2020-09-18T13:02:37Z","date_created":"2020-09-18T13:02:37Z","file_size":1002818,"checksum":"88f92544889eb18bb38e25629a422a86","relation":"main_file","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2020_NatureComm_Arnold.pdf","success":1}],"oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"ista":"Arnold GM, Wulf M, Barzanjeh S, Redchenko E, Rueda Sanchez AR, Hease WJ, Hassani F, Fink JM. 2020. Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. Nature Communications. 11, 4460.","chicago":"Arnold, Georg M, Matthias Wulf, Shabir Barzanjeh, Elena Redchenko, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, William J Hease, Farid Hassani, and Johannes M Fink. “Converting Microwave and Telecom Photons with a Silicon Photonic Nanomechanical Interface.” Nature Communications. Springer Nature, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z.","apa":"Arnold, G. M., Wulf, M., Barzanjeh, S., Redchenko, E., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Hease, W. J., … Fink, J. M. (2020). Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. Nature Communications. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z","mla":"Arnold, Georg M., et al. “Converting Microwave and Telecom Photons with a Silicon Photonic Nanomechanical Interface.” Nature Communications, vol. 11, 4460, Springer Nature, 2020, doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z.","ama":"Arnold GM, Wulf M, Barzanjeh S, et al. Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. Nature Communications. 2020;11. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z","ieee":"G. M. Arnold et al., “Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface,” Nature Communications, vol. 11. Springer Nature, 2020.","short":"G.M. Arnold, M. Wulf, S. Barzanjeh, E. Redchenko, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, W.J. Hease, F. Hassani, J.M. Fink, Nature Communications 11 (2020)."},"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8"},{"_id":"15059","date_updated":"2024-03-04T10:02:49Z","date_created":"2024-03-04T09:57:48Z","type":"conference","day":"08","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"first_name":"Michal","full_name":"Wasiak, Michal","last_name":"Wasiak"},{"full_name":"Botello, Gabriel Santamaria","last_name":"Botello","first_name":"Gabriel Santamaria"},{"first_name":"Kerlos Atia","full_name":"Abdalmalak, Kerlos Atia","last_name":"Abdalmalak"},{"last_name":"Sedlmeir","full_name":"Sedlmeir, Florian","first_name":"Florian"},{"id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","first_name":"Alfredo R"},{"first_name":"Daniel","full_name":"Segovia-Vargas, Daniel","last_name":"Segovia-Vargas"},{"full_name":"Schwefel, Harald G. L.","last_name":"Schwefel","first_name":"Harald G. L."},{"first_name":"Luis Enrique Garcia","full_name":"Munoz, Luis Enrique Garcia","last_name":"Munoz"}],"doi":"10.23919/eucap48036.2020.9135962","title":"Compact millimeter and submillimeter-wave photonic radiometer for cubesats","oa_version":"None","publisher":"IEEE","publication_identifier":{"eisbn":["9788831299008"]},"publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"text":"In this paper we present a room temperature radiometer that can eliminate the need of using cryostats in satellite payload reducing its weight and improving reliability. The proposed radiometer is based on an electro-optic upconverter that boosts up microwave photons energy by upconverting them into an optical domain what makes them immune to thermal noise even if operating at room temperature. The converter uses a high-quality factor whispering gallery\r\nmode (WGM) resonator providing naturally narrow bandwidth and therefore might be useful for applications like microwave hyperspectral sensing. The upconversion process is explained by\r\nproviding essential information about photon conversion efficiency and sensitivity. To prove the concept, we describe an experiment which shows state-of-the-art photon conversion efficiency n=10-5 per mW of pump power at the frequency of 80 GHz.","lang":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"year":"2020","month":"07","citation":{"ista":"Wasiak M, Botello GS, Abdalmalak KA, Sedlmeir F, Rueda Sanchez AR, Segovia-Vargas D, Schwefel HGL, Munoz LEG. 2020. Compact millimeter and submillimeter-wave photonic radiometer for cubesats. 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation. EuCAP: European Conference on Antennas and Propagation.","chicago":"Wasiak, Michal, Gabriel Santamaria Botello, Kerlos Atia Abdalmalak, Florian Sedlmeir, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Daniel Segovia-Vargas, Harald G. L. Schwefel, and Luis Enrique Garcia Munoz. “Compact Millimeter and Submillimeter-Wave Photonic Radiometer for Cubesats.” In 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation. IEEE, 2020. https://doi.org/10.23919/eucap48036.2020.9135962.","mla":"Wasiak, Michal, et al. “Compact Millimeter and Submillimeter-Wave Photonic Radiometer for Cubesats.” 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, 2020, doi:10.23919/eucap48036.2020.9135962.","apa":"Wasiak, M., Botello, G. S., Abdalmalak, K. A., Sedlmeir, F., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Segovia-Vargas, D., … Munoz, L. E. G. (2020). Compact millimeter and submillimeter-wave photonic radiometer for cubesats. In 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation. Copenhagen, Denmark: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/eucap48036.2020.9135962","ama":"Wasiak M, Botello GS, Abdalmalak KA, et al. Compact millimeter and submillimeter-wave photonic radiometer for cubesats. In: 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation. IEEE; 2020. doi:10.23919/eucap48036.2020.9135962","short":"M. Wasiak, G.S. Botello, K.A. Abdalmalak, F. Sedlmeir, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, D. Segovia-Vargas, H.G.L. Schwefel, L.E.G. Munoz, in:, 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, 2020.","ieee":"M. Wasiak et al., “Compact millimeter and submillimeter-wave photonic radiometer for cubesats,” in 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2020."},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_published":"2020-07-08T00:00:00Z","conference":{"location":"Copenhagen, Denmark","start_date":"2020-03-15","end_date":"2020-03-20","name":"EuCAP: European Conference on Antennas and Propagation"},"acknowledgement":"This work has been financially supported by Comunidad de Madrid S2018/NMT-4333 ARTINLARA-CM projects, and “FUNDACIÓN SENER” REFTA projects.","publication":"14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public"},{"oa_version":"Published Version","publisher":"Zenodo","title":"Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.3961561","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","first_name":"Georg M","last_name":"Arnold","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6613-1378","first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Wulf","id":"45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Wulf, Matthias"},{"last_name":"Barzanjeh","full_name":"Barzanjeh, Shabir","id":"2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Shabir","orcid":"0000-0003-0415-1423"},{"id":"2C21D6E8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Redchenko, Elena","last_name":"Redchenko","first_name":"Elena"},{"id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","first_name":"Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860"},{"last_name":"Hease","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hease, William J","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","first_name":"William J"},{"first_name":"Farid","orcid":"0000-0001-6937-5773","full_name":"Hassani, Farid","id":"2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hassani"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","day":"27","type":"research_data_reference","date_created":"2023-05-23T13:37:41Z","date_updated":"2024-09-10T12:23:51Z","_id":"13056","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"text":"This datasets comprises all data shown in plots of the submitted article \"Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface\". Additional raw data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.","lang":"eng"}],"ddc":["530"],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3961562","open_access":"1"}],"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"8529","status":"public","relation":"used_in_publication"}]},"month":"07","year":"2020","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"status":"public","oa":1,"date_published":"2020-07-27T00:00:00Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"chicago":"Arnold, Georg M, Matthias Wulf, Shabir Barzanjeh, Elena Redchenko, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, William J Hease, Farid Hassani, and Johannes M Fink. “Converting Microwave and Telecom Photons with a Silicon Photonic Nanomechanical Interface.” Zenodo, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3961561.","ista":"Arnold GM, Wulf M, Barzanjeh S, Redchenko E, Rueda Sanchez AR, Hease WJ, Hassani F, Fink JM. 2020. Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface, Zenodo, 10.5281/ZENODO.3961561.","apa":"Arnold, G. M., Wulf, M., Barzanjeh, S., Redchenko, E., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Hease, W. J., … Fink, J. M. (2020). Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3961561","mla":"Arnold, Georg M., et al. Converting Microwave and Telecom Photons with a Silicon Photonic Nanomechanical Interface. Zenodo, 2020, doi:10.5281/ZENODO.3961561.","ama":"Arnold GM, Wulf M, Barzanjeh S, et al. Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. 2020. doi:10.5281/ZENODO.3961561","ieee":"G. M. Arnold et al., “Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface.” Zenodo, 2020.","short":"G.M. Arnold, M. Wulf, S. Barzanjeh, E. Redchenko, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, W.J. Hease, F. Hassani, J.M. Fink, (2020)."}},{"citation":{"ama":"Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Sahu R, et al. Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state. 2020. doi:10.5281/ZENODO.4266025","ieee":"W. J. Hease et al., “Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state.” Zenodo, 2020.","short":"W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, R. Sahu, M. Wulf, G.M. Arnold, H. Schwefel, J.M. Fink, (2020).","ista":"Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Sahu R, Wulf M, Arnold GM, Schwefel H, Fink JM. 2020. Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state, Zenodo, 10.5281/ZENODO.4266025.","chicago":"Hease, William J, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Rishabh Sahu, Matthias Wulf, Georg M Arnold, Harald Schwefel, and Johannes M Fink. “Bidirectional Electro-Optic Wavelength Conversion in the Quantum Ground State.” Zenodo, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4266025.","apa":"Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Sahu, R., Wulf, M., Arnold, G. M., Schwefel, H., & Fink, J. M. (2020). Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4266025","mla":"Hease, William J., et al. Bidirectional Electro-Optic Wavelength Conversion in the Quantum Ground State. Zenodo, 2020, doi:10.5281/ZENODO.4266025."},"date_published":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa":1,"status":"public","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"year":"2020","related_material":{"record":[{"status":"public","relation":"used_in_publication","id":"9114"}]},"month":"11","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4266026","open_access":"1"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"text":"This dataset comprises all data shown in the plots of the main part of the submitted article \"Bidirectional Electro-Optic Wavelength Conversion in the Quantum Ground State\". Additional raw data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.","lang":"eng"}],"ddc":["530"],"date_updated":"2024-09-10T12:23:54Z","_id":"13071","type":"research_data_reference","date_created":"2023-05-23T16:44:11Z","author":[{"id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hease, William J","last_name":"Hease","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","first_name":"William J"},{"last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","first_name":"Alfredo R"},{"first_name":"Rishabh","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Sahu"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6613-1378","first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Wulf","id":"45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Wulf, Matthias"},{"first_name":"Georg M","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","last_name":"Arnold"},{"first_name":"Harald","last_name":"Schwefel","full_name":"Schwefel, Harald"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.4266025","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"10","title":"Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state","oa_version":"Published Version","publisher":"Zenodo"},{"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2691-3399"]},"file_date_updated":"2021-02-12T11:16:16Z","has_accepted_license":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Microwave photonics lends the advantages of fiber optics to electronic sensing and communication systems. In contrast to nonlinear optics, electro-optic devices so far require classical modulation fields whose variance is dominated by electronic or thermal noise rather than quantum fluctuations. Here we demonstrate bidirectional single-sideband conversion of X band microwave to C band telecom light with a microwave mode occupancy as low as 0.025 ± 0.005 and an added output noise of less than or equal to 0.074 photons. This is facilitated by radiative cooling and a triply resonant ultra-low-loss transducer operating at millikelvin temperatures. The high bandwidth of 10.7 MHz and total (internal) photon conversion\r\nefficiency of 0.03% (0.67%) combined with the extremely slow heating rate of 1.1 added output noise photons per second for the highest available pump power of 1.48 mW puts near-unity efficiency pulsed quantum transduction within reach. Together with the non-Gaussian resources of superconducting qubits this might provide the practical foundation to extend the range and scope of current quantum networks in analogy to electrical repeaters in classical fiber optic communication.","lang":"eng"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"intvolume":" 1","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"volume":1,"article_type":"original","date_created":"2021-02-12T10:41:28Z","author":[{"first_name":"William J","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","full_name":"Hease, William J","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hease"},{"id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","first_name":"Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860"},{"first_name":"Rishabh","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Sahu"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6613-1378","first_name":"Matthias","full_name":"Wulf, Matthias","id":"45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Wulf"},{"last_name":"Arnold","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","first_name":"Georg M","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876"},{"last_name":"Schwefel","full_name":"Schwefel, Harald G.L.","first_name":"Harald G.L."},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Fink"}],"day":"23","title":"Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state","oa_version":"Published Version","issue":"2","citation":{"chicago":"Hease, William J, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Rishabh Sahu, Matthias Wulf, Georg M Arnold, Harald G.L. Schwefel, and Johannes M Fink. “Bidirectional Electro-Optic Wavelength Conversion in the Quantum Ground State.” PRX Quantum. American Physical Society, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315.","ista":"Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Sahu R, Wulf M, Arnold GM, Schwefel HGL, Fink JM. 2020. Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state. PRX Quantum. 1(2), 020315.","apa":"Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Sahu, R., Wulf, M., Arnold, G. M., Schwefel, H. G. L., & Fink, J. M. (2020). Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state. PRX Quantum. American Physical Society. https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315","mla":"Hease, William J., et al. “Bidirectional Electro-Optic Wavelength Conversion in the Quantum Ground State.” PRX Quantum, vol. 1, no. 2, 020315, American Physical Society, 2020, doi:10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315.","ama":"Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Sahu R, et al. Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state. PRX Quantum. 2020;1(2). doi:10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315","ieee":"W. J. Hease et al., “Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state,” PRX Quantum, vol. 1, no. 2. American Physical Society, 2020.","short":"W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, R. Sahu, M. Wulf, G.M. Arnold, H.G.L. Schwefel, J.M. Fink, PRX Quantum 1 (2020)."},"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"article_number":"020315","file":[{"file_name":"2020_PRXQuantum_Hease.pdf","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","checksum":"b70b12ded6d7660d4c9037eb09bfed0c","date_created":"2021-02-12T11:16:16Z","file_size":2146924,"date_updated":"2021-02-12T11:16:16Z","creator":"dernst","file_id":"9115"}],"month":"11","quality_controlled":"1","ddc":["530"],"date_updated":"2024-10-29T09:11:05Z","_id":"9114","type":"journal_article","doi":"10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315","article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"American Physical Society","ec_funded":1,"date_published":"2020-11-23T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"The authors acknowledge the support of T. Menner, A. Arslani, and T. Asenov from the Miba machine shop for machining the microwave cavity, and thank S. Barzanjeh, F. Sedlmeir, and C. Marquardt for fruitful discussions. This work is supported by IST Austria and the European Research Council under Grant No. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT). W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant No. 754411.\r\nG.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. J.M.F. acknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F71) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant No. 899354 (FET Open SuperQuLAN). H.G.L.S. acknowledges support from the Aotearoa/New Zealand’s MBIE Endeavour Smart Ideas Grant No UOOX1805.","project":[{"_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"758053","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"754411","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"899354","name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits","_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"F07105","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits","_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves to optical frequencies"}],"publication":"PRX Quantum","status":"public","isi":1,"year":"2020","external_id":{"isi":["000674680100001"]},"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","status":"public","id":"13071"},{"id":"12900","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"},{"id":"13175","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}],"link":[{"url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/how-to-transport-microwave-quantum-information-via-optical-fiber/","description":"News on IST Homepage","relation":"press_release"}]}},{"month":"01","article_number":"1900077","file":[{"file_name":"2020_AdvQuantumTech_Lambert.pdf","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","checksum":"157e95abd6883c3b35b0fa78ae10775e","date_created":"2021-03-02T12:30:03Z","file_size":2410114,"date_updated":"2021-03-02T12:30:03Z","creator":"dernst","file_id":"9216"}],"department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","citation":{"mla":"Lambert, Nicholas J., et al. “Coherent Conversion between Microwave and Optical Photons - An Overview of Physical Implementations.” Advanced Quantum Technologies, vol. 3, no. 1, 1900077, Wiley, 2020, doi:10.1002/qute.201900077.","apa":"Lambert, N. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Sedlmeir, F., & Schwefel, H. G. L. (2020). Coherent conversion between microwave and optical photons - An overview of physical implementations. Advanced Quantum Technologies. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/qute.201900077","chicago":"Lambert, Nicholas J., Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Florian Sedlmeir, and Harald G. L. Schwefel. “Coherent Conversion between Microwave and Optical Photons - An Overview of Physical Implementations.” Advanced Quantum Technologies. Wiley, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/qute.201900077.","ista":"Lambert NJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Sedlmeir F, Schwefel HGL. 2020. Coherent conversion between microwave and optical photons - An overview of physical implementations. Advanced Quantum Technologies. 3(1), 1900077.","short":"N.J. Lambert, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, F. Sedlmeir, H.G.L. Schwefel, Advanced Quantum Technologies 3 (2020).","ieee":"N. J. Lambert, A. R. Rueda Sanchez, F. Sedlmeir, and H. G. L. Schwefel, “Coherent conversion between microwave and optical photons - An overview of physical implementations,” Advanced Quantum Technologies, vol. 3, no. 1. Wiley, 2020.","ama":"Lambert NJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Sedlmeir F, Schwefel HGL. Coherent conversion between microwave and optical photons - An overview of physical implementations. Advanced Quantum Technologies. 2020;3(1). doi:10.1002/qute.201900077"},"issue":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Coherent conversion between microwave and optical photons - An overview of physical implementations","day":"01","author":[{"full_name":"Lambert, Nicholas J.","last_name":"Lambert","first_name":"Nicholas J."},{"last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","first_name":"Alfredo R"},{"full_name":"Sedlmeir, Florian","last_name":"Sedlmeir","first_name":"Florian"},{"full_name":"Schwefel, Harald G. L.","last_name":"Schwefel","first_name":"Harald G. L."}],"date_created":"2021-02-25T08:52:36Z","article_type":"original","volume":3,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Quantum information technology based on solid state qubits has created much interest in converting quantum states from the microwave to the optical domain. Optical photons, unlike microwave photons, can be transmitted by fiber, making them suitable for long distance quantum communication. Moreover, the optical domain offers access to a large set of very well‐developed quantum optical tools, such as highly efficient single‐photon detectors and long‐lived quantum memories. For a high fidelity microwave to optical transducer, efficient conversion at single photon level and low added noise is needed. Currently, the most promising approaches to build such systems are based on second‐order nonlinear phenomena such as optomechanical and electro‐optic interactions. Alternative approaches, although not yet as efficient, include magneto‐optical coupling and schemes based on isolated quantum systems like atoms, ions, or quantum dots. Herein, the necessary theoretical foundations for the most important microwave‐to‐optical conversion experiments are provided, their implementations are described, and the current limitations and future prospects are discussed."}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by_nc.png","short":"CC BY-NC (4.0)"},"intvolume":" 3","has_accepted_license":"1","file_date_updated":"2021-03-02T12:30:03Z","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2511-9044"]},"related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/qute.202070011","description":"Cover Page","relation":"poster"}]},"external_id":{"isi":["000548088300001"]},"year":"2020","isi":1,"status":"public","publication":"Advanced Quantum Technologies","acknowledgement":"The authors thank Amita Deb for useful comments on this manuscript. The authors acknowledge support from the MBIE of New Zealand Endeavour Smart Ideas fund. The reference numbers in Figure 8 were corrected in April 2020, after online publication.","date_published":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","publisher":"Wiley","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1002/qute.201900077","type":"journal_article","_id":"9195","date_updated":"2023-08-24T13:53:02Z","ddc":["530"],"quality_controlled":"1"},{"type":"conference","date_created":"2021-11-21T23:01:31Z","date_updated":"2023-10-18T08:32:34Z","_id":"10328","title":"New designs and noise channels in electro-optic microwave to optical up-conversion","oa_version":"None","publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","author":[{"last_name":"Lambert","full_name":"Lambert, Nicholas J.","first_name":"Nicholas J."},{"full_name":"Mobassem, Sonia","last_name":"Mobassem","first_name":"Sonia"},{"full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","first_name":"Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860"},{"first_name":"Harald G.L.","last_name":"Schwefel","full_name":"Schwefel, Harald G.L."}],"doi":"10.1364/QUANTUM.2020.QTu8A.1","day":"01","article_processing_charge":"No","alternative_title":["OSA Technical Digest"],"scopus_import":"1","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9-781-5575-2820-9"]},"quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We discus noise channels in coherent electro-optic up-conversion between microwave and optical fields, in particular due to optical heating. We also report on a novel configuration, which promises to be flexible and highly efficient."}],"article_number":"QTu8A.1","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"month":"01","year":"2020","date_published":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","conference":{"location":"Washington, DC, United States","name":"OSA: Optical Society of America","end_date":"2020-09-17","start_date":"2020-09-14"},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"short":"N.J. Lambert, S. Mobassem, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, H.G.L. Schwefel, in:, OSA Quantum 2.0 Conference, Optica Publishing Group, 2020.","ieee":"N. J. Lambert, S. Mobassem, A. R. Rueda Sanchez, and H. G. L. Schwefel, “New designs and noise channels in electro-optic microwave to optical up-conversion,” in OSA Quantum 2.0 Conference, Washington, DC, United States, 2020.","ama":"Lambert NJ, Mobassem S, Rueda Sanchez AR, Schwefel HGL. New designs and noise channels in electro-optic microwave to optical up-conversion. In: OSA Quantum 2.0 Conference. Optica Publishing Group; 2020. doi:10.1364/QUANTUM.2020.QTu8A.1","mla":"Lambert, Nicholas J., et al. “New Designs and Noise Channels in Electro-Optic Microwave to Optical up-Conversion.” OSA Quantum 2.0 Conference, QTu8A.1, Optica Publishing Group, 2020, doi:10.1364/QUANTUM.2020.QTu8A.1.","apa":"Lambert, N. J., Mobassem, S., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., & Schwefel, H. G. L. (2020). New designs and noise channels in electro-optic microwave to optical up-conversion. In OSA Quantum 2.0 Conference. Washington, DC, United States: Optica Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1364/QUANTUM.2020.QTu8A.1","chicago":"Lambert, Nicholas J., Sonia Mobassem, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, and Harald G.L. Schwefel. “New Designs and Noise Channels in Electro-Optic Microwave to Optical up-Conversion.” In OSA Quantum 2.0 Conference. Optica Publishing Group, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1364/QUANTUM.2020.QTu8A.1.","ista":"Lambert NJ, Mobassem S, Rueda Sanchez AR, Schwefel HGL. 2020. New designs and noise channels in electro-optic microwave to optical up-conversion. OSA Quantum 2.0 Conference. OSA: Optical Society of America, OSA Technical Digest, , QTu8A.1."},"status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"OSA Quantum 2.0 Conference"},{"oa_version":"None","title":"Electro-optic frequency comb generation in lithium niobate whispering gallery mode resonators","publisher":"IEEE","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","first_name":"Alfredo R","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez"},{"full_name":"Sedlmeir, Florian","last_name":"Sedlmeir","first_name":"Florian"},{"full_name":"Leuchs, Gerd","last_name":"Leuchs","first_name":"Gerd"},{"full_name":"Kuamri, Madhuri","last_name":"Kuamri","first_name":"Madhuri"},{"full_name":"Schwefel, Harald G. L.","last_name":"Schwefel","first_name":"Harald G. L."}],"doi":"10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8873300","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","day":"17","type":"conference","date_created":"2019-11-18T13:58:22Z","date_updated":"2023-08-30T07:26:01Z","_id":"7032","abstract":[{"text":"Optical frequency combs (OFCs) are light sources whose spectra consists of equally spaced frequency lines in the optical domain [1]. They have great potential for improving high-capacity data transfer, all-optical atomic clocks, spectroscopy, and high-precision measurements [2].","lang":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781728104690"]},"external_id":{"isi":["000630002701617"]},"month":"10","year":"2019","isi":1,"article_number":"8873300","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"publication":"2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_published":"2019-10-17T00:00:00Z","conference":{"name":"CLEO: Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe","start_date":"2019-06-23","end_date":"2019-06-27","location":"Munich, Germany"},"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","citation":{"ama":"Rueda Sanchez AR, Sedlmeir F, Leuchs G, Kuamri M, Schwefel HGL. Electro-optic frequency comb generation in lithium niobate whispering gallery mode resonators. In: 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference. IEEE; 2019. doi:10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8873300","ieee":"A. R. Rueda Sanchez, F. Sedlmeir, G. Leuchs, M. Kuamri, and H. G. L. Schwefel, “Electro-optic frequency comb generation in lithium niobate whispering gallery mode resonators,” in 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference, Munich, Germany, 2019.","short":"A.R. Rueda Sanchez, F. Sedlmeir, G. Leuchs, M. Kuamri, H.G.L. Schwefel, in:, 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference, IEEE, 2019.","chicago":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R, Florian Sedlmeir, Gerd Leuchs, Madhuri Kuamri, and Harald G. L. Schwefel. “Electro-Optic Frequency Comb Generation in Lithium Niobate Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators.” In 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference. IEEE, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8873300.","ista":"Rueda Sanchez AR, Sedlmeir F, Leuchs G, Kuamri M, Schwefel HGL. 2019. Electro-optic frequency comb generation in lithium niobate whispering gallery mode resonators. 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference. CLEO: Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe, 8873300.","apa":"Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Sedlmeir, F., Leuchs, G., Kuamri, M., & Schwefel, H. G. L. (2019). Electro-optic frequency comb generation in lithium niobate whispering gallery mode resonators. In 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference. Munich, Germany: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8873300","mla":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R., et al. “Electro-Optic Frequency Comb Generation in Lithium Niobate Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators.” 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference, 8873300, IEEE, 2019, doi:10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2019.8873300."}},{"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2056-6387"]},"publication_status":"published","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:50Z","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"intvolume":" 5","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We propose an efficient microwave-photonic modulator as a resource for stationary entangled microwave-optical fields and develop the theory for deterministic entanglement generation and quantum state transfer in multi-resonant electro-optic systems. The device is based on a single crystal whispering gallery mode resonator integrated into a 3D-microwave cavity. The specific design relies on a new combination of thin-film technology and conventional machining that is optimized for the lowest dissipation rates in the microwave, optical, and mechanical domains. We extract important device properties from finite-element simulations and predict continuous variable entanglement generation rates on the order of a Mebit/s for optical pump powers of only a few tens of microwatts. We compare the quantum state transfer fidelities of coherent, squeezed, and non-Gaussian cat states for both teleportation and direct conversion protocols under realistic conditions. Combining the unique capabilities of circuit quantum electrodynamics with the resilience of fiber optic communication could facilitate long-distance solid-state qubit networks, new methods for quantum signal synthesis, quantum key distribution, and quantum enhanced detection, as well as more power-efficient classical sensing and modulation."}],"has_accepted_license":"1","article_type":"original","date_created":"2019-12-09T08:18:56Z","volume":5,"oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Electro-optic entanglement source for microwave to telecom quantum state transfer","author":[{"last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860"},{"full_name":"Hease, William J","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hease","first_name":"William J","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166"},{"id":"2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Barzanjeh, Shabir","last_name":"Barzanjeh","first_name":"Shabir","orcid":"0000-0003-0415-1423"},{"first_name":"Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","last_name":"Fink"}],"day":"01","scopus_import":"1","user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","citation":{"mla":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R., et al. “Electro-Optic Entanglement Source for Microwave to Telecom Quantum State Transfer.” Npj Quantum Information, vol. 5, 108, Springer Nature, 2019, doi:10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5.","apa":"Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Hease, W. J., Barzanjeh, S., & Fink, J. M. (2019). Electro-optic entanglement source for microwave to telecom quantum state transfer. Npj Quantum Information. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5","ista":"Rueda Sanchez AR, Hease WJ, Barzanjeh S, Fink JM. 2019. Electro-optic entanglement source for microwave to telecom quantum state transfer. npj Quantum Information. 5, 108.","chicago":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R, William J Hease, Shabir Barzanjeh, and Johannes M Fink. “Electro-Optic Entanglement Source for Microwave to Telecom Quantum State Transfer.” Npj Quantum Information. Springer Nature, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5.","short":"A.R. Rueda Sanchez, W.J. Hease, S. Barzanjeh, J.M. Fink, Npj Quantum Information 5 (2019).","ieee":"A. R. Rueda Sanchez, W. J. Hease, S. Barzanjeh, and J. M. Fink, “Electro-optic entanglement source for microwave to telecom quantum state transfer,” npj Quantum Information, vol. 5. Springer Nature, 2019.","ama":"Rueda Sanchez AR, Hease WJ, Barzanjeh S, Fink JM. Electro-optic entanglement source for microwave to telecom quantum state transfer. npj Quantum Information. 2019;5. doi:10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"file":[{"checksum":"13e0ea1d4f9b5f5710780d9473364f58","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_name":"2019_NPJ_Rueda.pdf","file_id":"7157","creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:50Z","file_size":1580132,"date_created":"2019-12-09T08:25:06Z"}],"article_number":"108","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"arxiv":1,"month":"12","quality_controlled":"1","ddc":["530"],"type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2024-08-07T07:11:55Z","_id":"7156","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","ec_funded":1,"project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"758053","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"258047B6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"707438","name":"Microwave-to-Optical Quantum Link: Quantum Teleportation and Quantum Illumination with cavity Optomechanics SUPEREOM","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"grant_number":"732894","name":"Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"257EB838-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits","grant_number":"F07105","call_identifier":"FWF"}],"status":"public","publication":"npj Quantum Information","external_id":{"isi":["000502996200003"],"arxiv":["1909.01470"]},"isi":1,"year":"2019"},{"author":[{"full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","first_name":"Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860"},{"first_name":"Florian","full_name":"Sedlmeir, Florian","last_name":"Sedlmeir"},{"first_name":"Gerd","last_name":"Leuchs","full_name":"Leuchs, Gerd"},{"first_name":"Madhuri","last_name":"Kumari","full_name":"Kumari, Madhuri"},{"first_name":"Harald G.L.","full_name":"Schwefel, Harald G.L.","last_name":"Schwefel"}],"doi":"10.1364/NLO.2019.NM2A.5","day":"15","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"None","publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","title":"Resonant electro-optic frequency comb generation in lithium niobate disk resonator inside a microwave cavity","date_updated":"2023-10-17T12:14:46Z","_id":"7233","type":"conference","date_created":"2020-01-05T23:00:48Z","abstract":[{"text":"We demonstrate electro-optic frequency comb generation using a doubly resonant system comprising a whispering gallery mode disk resonator made of lithium niobate mounted inside a three dimensional copper cavity. We observe 180 sidebands centred at 1550 nm.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781557528209"]},"year":"2019","month":"07","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"article_number":"NM2A.5","publication":"Nonlinear Optics, OSA Technical Digest","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","citation":{"ama":"Rueda Sanchez AR, Sedlmeir F, Leuchs G, Kumari M, Schwefel HGL. Resonant electro-optic frequency comb generation in lithium niobate disk resonator inside a microwave cavity. In: Nonlinear Optics, OSA Technical Digest. Optica  Publishing Group; 2019. doi:10.1364/NLO.2019.NM2A.5","ieee":"A. R. Rueda Sanchez, F. Sedlmeir, G. Leuchs, M. Kumari, and H. G. L. Schwefel, “Resonant electro-optic frequency comb generation in lithium niobate disk resonator inside a microwave cavity,” in Nonlinear Optics, OSA Technical Digest, Waikoloa Beach, Hawaii (HI), United States, 2019.","short":"A.R. Rueda Sanchez, F. Sedlmeir, G. Leuchs, M. Kumari, H.G.L. Schwefel, in:, Nonlinear Optics, OSA Technical Digest, Optica  Publishing Group, 2019.","ista":"Rueda Sanchez AR, Sedlmeir F, Leuchs G, Kumari M, Schwefel HGL. 2019. Resonant electro-optic frequency comb generation in lithium niobate disk resonator inside a microwave cavity. Nonlinear Optics, OSA Technical Digest. NLO: Nonlinear Optics, NM2A.5.","chicago":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R, Florian Sedlmeir, Gerd Leuchs, Madhuri Kumari, and Harald G.L. Schwefel. “Resonant Electro-Optic Frequency Comb Generation in Lithium Niobate Disk Resonator inside a Microwave Cavity.” In Nonlinear Optics, OSA Technical Digest. Optica  Publishing Group, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1364/NLO.2019.NM2A.5.","apa":"Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Sedlmeir, F., Leuchs, G., Kumari, M., & Schwefel, H. G. L. (2019). Resonant electro-optic frequency comb generation in lithium niobate disk resonator inside a microwave cavity. In Nonlinear Optics, OSA Technical Digest. Waikoloa Beach, Hawaii (HI), United States: Optica  Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1364/NLO.2019.NM2A.5","mla":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R., et al. “Resonant Electro-Optic Frequency Comb Generation in Lithium Niobate Disk Resonator inside a Microwave Cavity.” Nonlinear Optics, OSA Technical Digest, NM2A.5, Optica  Publishing Group, 2019, doi:10.1364/NLO.2019.NM2A.5."},"date_published":"2019-07-15T00:00:00Z","conference":{"location":"Waikoloa Beach, Hawaii (HI), United States","end_date":"2019-07-19","start_date":"2019-07-15","name":"NLO: Nonlinear Optics"},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","citation":{"short":"A.R. Rueda Sanchez, F. Sedlmeir, M. Kumari, G. Leuchs, H.G.L. Schwefel, Nature 568 (2019) 378–381.","ieee":"A. R. Rueda Sanchez, F. Sedlmeir, M. Kumari, G. Leuchs, and H. G. L. Schwefel, “Resonant electro-optic frequency comb,” Nature, vol. 568, no. 7752. Springer Nature, pp. 378–381, 2019.","ama":"Rueda Sanchez AR, Sedlmeir F, Kumari M, Leuchs G, Schwefel HGL. Resonant electro-optic frequency comb. Nature. 2019;568(7752):378-381. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x","mla":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R., et al. “Resonant Electro-Optic Frequency Comb.” Nature, vol. 568, no. 7752, Springer Nature, 2019, pp. 378–81, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x.","apa":"Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Sedlmeir, F., Kumari, M., Leuchs, G., & Schwefel, H. G. L. (2019). Resonant electro-optic frequency comb. Nature. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x","ista":"Rueda Sanchez AR, Sedlmeir F, Kumari M, Leuchs G, Schwefel HGL. 2019. Resonant electro-optic frequency comb. Nature. 568(7752), 378–381.","chicago":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R, Florian Sedlmeir, Madhuri Kumari, Gerd Leuchs, and Harald G.L. Schwefel. “Resonant Electro-Optic Frequency Comb.” Nature. Springer Nature, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x."},"issue":"7752","month":"04","arxiv":1,"department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"intvolume":" 568","abstract":[{"text":"High-speed optical telecommunication is enabled by wavelength-division multiplexing, whereby hundreds of individually stabilized lasers encode information within a single-mode optical fibre. Higher bandwidths require higher total optical power, but the power sent into the fibre is limited by optical nonlinearities within the fibre, and energy consumption by the light sources starts to become a substantial cost factor1. Optical frequency combs have been suggested to remedy this problem by generating numerous discrete, equidistant laser lines within a monolithic device; however, at present their stability and coherence allow them to operate only within small parameter ranges2,3,4. Here we show that a broadband frequency comb realized through the electro-optic effect within a high-quality whispering-gallery-mode resonator can operate at low microwave and optical powers. Unlike the usual third-order Kerr nonlinear optical frequency combs, our combs rely on the second-order nonlinear effect, which is much more efficient. Our result uses a fixed microwave signal that is mixed with an optical-pump signal to generate a coherent frequency comb with a precisely determined carrier separation. The resonant enhancement enables us to work with microwave powers that are three orders of magnitude lower than those in commercially available devices. We emphasize the practical relevance of our results to high rates of data communication. To circumvent the limitations imposed by nonlinear effects in optical communication fibres, one has to solve two problems: to provide a compact and fully integrated, yet high-quality and coherent, frequency comb generator; and to calculate nonlinear signal propagation in real time5. We report a solution to the first problem.","lang":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["14764687"],"issn":["00280836"]},"oa_version":"Preprint","title":"Resonant electro-optic frequency comb","day":"18","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","first_name":"Alfredo R","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez"},{"full_name":"Sedlmeir, Florian","last_name":"Sedlmeir","first_name":"Florian"},{"full_name":"Kumari, Madhuri","last_name":"Kumari","first_name":"Madhuri"},{"first_name":"Gerd","full_name":"Leuchs, Gerd","last_name":"Leuchs"},{"first_name":"Harald G.L.","last_name":"Schwefel","full_name":"Schwefel, Harald G.L."}],"date_created":"2019-04-28T21:59:13Z","volume":568,"publication":"Nature","status":"public","date_published":"2019-04-18T00:00:00Z","related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"erratum","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1220-5"}]},"external_id":{"arxiv":["1808.10608"],"isi":["000464950700053"]},"year":"2019","isi":1,"page":"378-381","quality_controlled":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.10608"}],"publisher":"Springer Nature","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1038/s41586-019-1110-x","type":"journal_article","_id":"6348","date_updated":"2023-08-25T10:15:25Z"},{"publist_id":"8033","external_id":{"isi":["000447853100007"]},"isi":1,"year":"2018","date_published":"2018-10-20T00:00:00Z","status":"public","publication":"Optica","type":"journal_article","_id":"22","date_updated":"2023-10-17T12:12:40Z","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1364/OPTICA.5.001210","quality_controlled":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"www.doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.5.001210 ","open_access":"1"}],"page":"1210 - 1219","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"month":"10","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"apa":"Botello, G., Sedlmeir, F., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Abdalmalak, K., Brown, E., Leuchs, G., … Schwefel, H. (2018). Sensitivity limits of millimeter-wave photonic radiometers based on efficient electro-optic upconverters. Optica. https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.5.001210","mla":"Botello, Gabriel, et al. “Sensitivity Limits of Millimeter-Wave Photonic Radiometers Based on Efficient Electro-Optic Upconverters.” Optica, vol. 5, no. 10, 2018, pp. 1210–19, doi:10.1364/OPTICA.5.001210.","ista":"Botello G, Sedlmeir F, Rueda Sanchez AR, Abdalmalak K, Brown E, Leuchs G, Preu S, Segovia Vargas D, Strekalov D, Munoz L, Schwefel H. 2018. Sensitivity limits of millimeter-wave photonic radiometers based on efficient electro-optic upconverters. Optica. 5(10), 1210–1219.","chicago":"Botello, Gabriel, Florian Sedlmeir, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Kerlos Abdalmalak, Elliott Brown, Gerd Leuchs, Sascha Preu, et al. “Sensitivity Limits of Millimeter-Wave Photonic Radiometers Based on Efficient Electro-Optic Upconverters.” Optica, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.5.001210.","ieee":"G. Botello et al., “Sensitivity limits of millimeter-wave photonic radiometers based on efficient electro-optic upconverters,” Optica, vol. 5, no. 10. pp. 1210–1219, 2018.","short":"G. Botello, F. Sedlmeir, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, K. Abdalmalak, E. Brown, G. Leuchs, S. Preu, D. Segovia Vargas, D. Strekalov, L. Munoz, H. Schwefel, Optica 5 (2018) 1210–1219.","ama":"Botello G, Sedlmeir F, Rueda Sanchez AR, et al. Sensitivity limits of millimeter-wave photonic radiometers based on efficient electro-optic upconverters. Optica. 2018;5(10):1210-1219. doi:10.1364/OPTICA.5.001210"},"issue":"10","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"date_created":"2018-12-11T11:44:12Z","article_type":"original","volume":5,"title":"Sensitivity limits of millimeter-wave photonic radiometers based on efficient electro-optic upconverters","oa_version":"Published Version","day":"20","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Botello, Gabriel","last_name":"Botello","first_name":"Gabriel"},{"first_name":"Florian","last_name":"Sedlmeir","full_name":"Sedlmeir, Florian"},{"full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","first_name":"Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860"},{"first_name":"Kerlos","full_name":"Abdalmalak, Kerlos","last_name":"Abdalmalak"},{"last_name":"Brown","full_name":"Brown, Elliott","first_name":"Elliott"},{"full_name":"Leuchs, Gerd","last_name":"Leuchs","first_name":"Gerd"},{"full_name":"Preu, Sascha","last_name":"Preu","first_name":"Sascha"},{"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Segovia Vargas","full_name":"Segovia Vargas, Daniel"},{"first_name":"Dmitry","last_name":"Strekalov","full_name":"Strekalov, Dmitry"},{"last_name":"Munoz","full_name":"Munoz, Luis","first_name":"Luis"},{"last_name":"Schwefel","full_name":"Schwefel, Harald","first_name":"Harald"}],"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["23342536"]},"intvolume":" 5","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Conventional ultra-high sensitivity detectors in the millimeter-wave range are usually cooled as their own thermal noise at room temperature would mask the weak received radiation. The need for cryogenic systems increases the cost and complexity of the instruments, hindering the development of, among others, airborne and space applications. In this work, the nonlinear parametric upconversion of millimeter-wave radiation to the optical domain inside high-quality (Q) lithium niobate whispering-gallery mode (WGM) resonators is proposed for ultra-low noise detection. We experimentally demonstrate coherent upconversion of millimeter-wave signals to a 1550 nm telecom carrier, with a photon conversion efficiency surpassing the state-of-the-art by 2 orders of magnitude. Moreover, a theoretical model shows that the thermal equilibrium of counterpropagating WGMs is broken by overcoupling the millimeter-wave WGM, effectively cooling the upconverted mode and allowing ultra-low noise detection. By theoretically estimating the sensitivity of a correlation radiometer based on the presented scheme, it is found that room-temperature radiometers with better sensitivity than state-of-the-art high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT)-based radiometers can be designed. This detection paradigm can be used to develop room-temperature instrumentation for radio astronomy, earth observation, planetary missions, and imaging systems."}]},{"date_published":"2017-07-01T00:00:00Z","conference":{"name":"NLO: Nonlinear Optics","start_date":"2017-07-17","end_date":"2017-07-21","location":"Waikoloa, HI, United States"},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"chicago":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R, Florian Sedlmeir, Michele Collodo, Ulrich Vogl, Birgit Stiller, Gerhard Schunk, Dmitry Strekalov, et al. “Single Sideband Microwave to Optical Photon Conversion-an-Electro-Optic-Realization.” In Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, Vol. F54. Optica  Publishing Group, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1364/NLO.2017.NM3A.1.","ista":"Rueda Sanchez AR, Sedlmeir F, Collodo M, Vogl U, Stiller B, Schunk G, Strekalov D, Marquardt C, Fink JM, Painter O, Leuchs G, Schwefel H. 2017. Single sideband microwave to optical photon conversion-an-electro-optic-realization. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. NLO: Nonlinear Optics vol. F54, NM3A.1.","mla":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R., et al. “Single Sideband Microwave to Optical Photon Conversion-an-Electro-Optic-Realization.” Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, vol. F54, NM3A.1, Optica  Publishing Group, 2017, doi:10.1364/NLO.2017.NM3A.1.","apa":"Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Sedlmeir, F., Collodo, M., Vogl, U., Stiller, B., Schunk, G., … Schwefel, H. (2017). Single sideband microwave to optical photon conversion-an-electro-optic-realization. In Optics InfoBase Conference Papers (Vol. F54). Waikoloa, HI, United States: Optica  Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1364/NLO.2017.NM3A.1","ama":"Rueda Sanchez AR, Sedlmeir F, Collodo M, et al. Single sideband microwave to optical photon conversion-an-electro-optic-realization. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. Vol F54. Optica  Publishing Group; 2017. doi:10.1364/NLO.2017.NM3A.1","short":"A.R. Rueda Sanchez, F. Sedlmeir, M. Collodo, U. Vogl, B. Stiller, G. Schunk, D. Strekalov, C. Marquardt, J.M. Fink, O. Painter, G. Leuchs, H. Schwefel, in:, Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, Optica  Publishing Group, 2017.","ieee":"A. R. Rueda Sanchez et al., “Single sideband microwave to optical photon conversion-an-electro-optic-realization,” in Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, Waikoloa, HI, United States, 2017, vol. F54."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication":"Optics InfoBase Conference Papers","publist_id":"7335","article_number":"NM3A.1","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"month":"07","year":"2017","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["978-155752820-9"]},"quality_controlled":"1","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We present results on nonlinear electro-optical conversion of microwave radiation into the optical telecommunication band with more than 0.1% photon number conversion efficiency with MHz bandwidth, in a crystalline whispering gallery mode resonator"}],"type":"conference","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:46:44Z","date_updated":"2023-10-17T12:15:38Z","_id":"485","volume":"F54","oa_version":"None","title":"Single sideband microwave to optical photon conversion-an-electro-optic-realization","publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","author":[{"full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","first_name":"Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860"},{"full_name":"Sedlmeir, Florian","last_name":"Sedlmeir","first_name":"Florian"},{"last_name":"Collodo","full_name":"Collodo, Michele","first_name":"Michele"},{"full_name":"Vogl, Ulrich","last_name":"Vogl","first_name":"Ulrich"},{"first_name":"Birgit","full_name":"Stiller, Birgit","last_name":"Stiller"},{"full_name":"Schunk, Gerhard","last_name":"Schunk","first_name":"Gerhard"},{"first_name":"Dmitry","last_name":"Strekalov","full_name":"Strekalov, Dmitry"},{"last_name":"Marquardt","full_name":"Marquardt, Christoph","first_name":"Christoph"},{"first_name":"Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","last_name":"Fink","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M"},{"first_name":"Oskar","full_name":"Painter, Oskar","last_name":"Painter"},{"full_name":"Leuchs, Gerd","last_name":"Leuchs","first_name":"Gerd"},{"full_name":"Schwefel, Harald","last_name":"Schwefel","first_name":"Harald"}],"doi":"10.1364/NLO.2017.NM3A.1","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","day":"01"}]