---
_id: '6419'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Characterizing the fitness landscape, a representation of fitness for a large
    set of genotypes, is key to understanding how genetic information is interpreted
    to create functional organisms. Here we determined the evolutionarily-relevant
    segment of the fitness landscape of His3, a gene coding for an enzyme in the histidine
    synthesis pathway, focusing on combinations of amino acid states found at orthologous
    sites of extant species. Just 15% of amino acids found in yeast His3 orthologues
    were always neutral while the impact on fitness of the remaining 85% depended
    on the genetic background. Furthermore, at 67% of sites, amino acid replacements
    were under sign epistasis, having both strongly positive and negative effect in
    different genetic backgrounds. 46% of sites were under reciprocal sign epistasis.
    The fitness impact of amino acid replacements was influenced by only a few genetic
    backgrounds but involved interaction of multiple sites, shaping a rugged fitness
    landscape in which many of the shortest paths between highly fit genotypes are
    inaccessible.
article_number: e1008079
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Victoria
  full_name: Pokusaeva, Victoria
  id: 3184041C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Pokusaeva
  orcid: 0000-0001-7660-444X
- first_name: Dinara R.
  full_name: Usmanova, Dinara R.
  last_name: Usmanova
- first_name: Ekaterina V.
  full_name: Putintseva, Ekaterina V.
  last_name: Putintseva
- first_name: Lorena
  full_name: Espinar, Lorena
  last_name: Espinar
- first_name: Karen
  full_name: Sarkisyan, Karen
  id: 39A7BF80-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sarkisyan
  orcid: 0000-0002-5375-6341
- first_name: Alexander S.
  full_name: Mishin, Alexander S.
  last_name: Mishin
- first_name: Natalya S.
  full_name: Bogatyreva, Natalya S.
  last_name: Bogatyreva
- first_name: Dmitry
  full_name: Ivankov, Dmitry
  id: 49FF1036-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ivankov
- first_name: Arseniy
  full_name: Akopyan, Arseniy
  id: 430D2C90-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Akopyan
  orcid: 0000-0002-2548-617X
- first_name: Sergey
  full_name: Avvakumov, Sergey
  id: 3827DAC8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Avvakumov
- first_name: Inna S.
  full_name: Povolotskaya, Inna S.
  last_name: Povolotskaya
- first_name: Guillaume J.
  full_name: Filion, Guillaume J.
  last_name: Filion
- first_name: Lucas B.
  full_name: Carey, Lucas B.
  last_name: Carey
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Kondrashov, Fyodor
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
citation:
  ama: Pokusaeva V, Usmanova DR, Putintseva EV, et al. An experimental assay of the
    interactions of amino acids from orthologous sequences shaping a complex fitness
    landscape. <i>PLoS Genetics</i>. 2019;15(4). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079">10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079</a>
  apa: Pokusaeva, V., Usmanova, D. R., Putintseva, E. V., Espinar, L., Sarkisyan,
    K., Mishin, A. S., … Kondrashov, F. (2019). An experimental assay of the interactions
    of amino acids from orthologous sequences shaping a complex fitness landscape.
    <i>PLoS Genetics</i>. Public Library of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079</a>
  chicago: Pokusaeva, Victoria, Dinara R. Usmanova, Ekaterina V. Putintseva, Lorena
    Espinar, Karen Sarkisyan, Alexander S. Mishin, Natalya S. Bogatyreva, et al. “An
    Experimental Assay of the Interactions of Amino Acids from Orthologous Sequences
    Shaping a Complex Fitness Landscape.” <i>PLoS Genetics</i>. Public Library of
    Science, 2019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079</a>.
  ieee: V. Pokusaeva <i>et al.</i>, “An experimental assay of the interactions of
    amino acids from orthologous sequences shaping a complex fitness landscape,” <i>PLoS
    Genetics</i>, vol. 15, no. 4. Public Library of Science, 2019.
  ista: Pokusaeva V, Usmanova DR, Putintseva EV, Espinar L, Sarkisyan K, Mishin AS,
    Bogatyreva NS, Ivankov D, Akopyan A, Avvakumov S, Povolotskaya IS, Filion GJ,
    Carey LB, Kondrashov F. 2019. An experimental assay of the interactions of amino
    acids from orthologous sequences shaping a complex fitness landscape. PLoS Genetics.
    15(4), e1008079.
  mla: Pokusaeva, Victoria, et al. “An Experimental Assay of the Interactions of Amino
    Acids from Orthologous Sequences Shaping a Complex Fitness Landscape.” <i>PLoS
    Genetics</i>, vol. 15, no. 4, e1008079, Public Library of Science, 2019, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079">10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079</a>.
  short: V. Pokusaeva, D.R. Usmanova, E.V. Putintseva, L. Espinar, K. Sarkisyan, A.S.
    Mishin, N.S. Bogatyreva, D. Ivankov, A. Akopyan, S. Avvakumov, I.S. Povolotskaya,
    G.J. Filion, L.B. Carey, F. Kondrashov, PLoS Genetics 15 (2019).
date_created: 2019-05-13T07:58:38Z
date_published: 2019-04-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-25T10:30:37Z
day: '10'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: FyKo
doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000466866000029'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: cf3889c8a8a16053dacf9c3776cbe217
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2019-05-14T08:26:08Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:30Z
  file_id: '6445'
  file_name: 2019_PLOSGenetics_Pokusaeva.pdf
  file_size: 3726017
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:30Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        15'
isi: 1
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 2564DBCA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '665385'
  name: International IST Doctoral Program
publication: PLoS Genetics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - '15537404'
publication_status: published
publisher: Public Library of Science
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '9789'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
  - id: '9790'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
  - id: '9797'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: An experimental assay of the interactions of amino acids from orthologous sequences
  shaping a complex fitness landscape
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 15
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '9789'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Victoria
  full_name: Pokusaeva, Victoria
  id: 3184041C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Pokusaeva
  orcid: 0000-0001-7660-444X
- first_name: Dinara R.
  full_name: Usmanova, Dinara R.
  last_name: Usmanova
- first_name: Ekaterina V.
  full_name: Putintseva, Ekaterina V.
  last_name: Putintseva
- first_name: Lorena
  full_name: Espinar, Lorena
  last_name: Espinar
- first_name: Karen
  full_name: Sarkisyan, Karen
  id: 39A7BF80-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sarkisyan
  orcid: 0000-0002-5375-6341
- first_name: Alexander S.
  full_name: Mishin, Alexander S.
  last_name: Mishin
- first_name: Natalya S.
  full_name: Bogatyreva, Natalya S.
  last_name: Bogatyreva
- first_name: Dmitry
  full_name: Ivankov, Dmitry
  id: 49FF1036-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ivankov
- first_name: Arseniy
  full_name: Akopyan, Arseniy
  id: 430D2C90-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Akopyan
  orcid: 0000-0002-2548-617X
- first_name: Sergey
  full_name: Avvakumov, Sergey
  id: 3827DAC8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Avvakumov
- first_name: Inna S.
  full_name: Povolotskaya, Inna S.
  last_name: Povolotskaya
- first_name: Guillaume J.
  full_name: Filion, Guillaume J.
  last_name: Filion
- first_name: Lucas B.
  full_name: Carey, Lucas B.
  last_name: Carey
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Kondrashov, Fyodor
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
citation:
  ama: Pokusaeva V, Usmanova DR, Putintseva EV, et al. Multiple alignment of His3
    orthologues. 2019. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s010">10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s010</a>
  apa: Pokusaeva, V., Usmanova, D. R., Putintseva, E. V., Espinar, L., Sarkisyan,
    K., Mishin, A. S., … Kondrashov, F. (2019). Multiple alignment of His3 orthologues.
    Public Library of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s010">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s010</a>
  chicago: Pokusaeva, Victoria, Dinara R. Usmanova, Ekaterina V. Putintseva, Lorena
    Espinar, Karen Sarkisyan, Alexander S. Mishin, Natalya S. Bogatyreva, et al. “Multiple
    Alignment of His3 Orthologues.” Public Library of Science, 2019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s010">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s010</a>.
  ieee: V. Pokusaeva <i>et al.</i>, “Multiple alignment of His3 orthologues.” Public
    Library of Science, 2019.
  ista: Pokusaeva V, Usmanova DR, Putintseva EV, Espinar L, Sarkisyan K, Mishin AS,
    Bogatyreva NS, Ivankov D, Akopyan A, Avvakumov S, Povolotskaya IS, Filion GJ,
    Carey LB, Kondrashov F. 2019. Multiple alignment of His3 orthologues, Public Library
    of Science, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s010">10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s010</a>.
  mla: Pokusaeva, Victoria, et al. <i>Multiple Alignment of His3 Orthologues</i>.
    Public Library of Science, 2019, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s010">10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s010</a>.
  short: V. Pokusaeva, D.R. Usmanova, E.V. Putintseva, L. Espinar, K. Sarkisyan, A.S.
    Mishin, N.S. Bogatyreva, D. Ivankov, A. Akopyan, S. Avvakumov, I.S. Povolotskaya,
    G.J. Filion, L.B. Carey, F. Kondrashov, (2019).
date_created: 2021-08-06T08:38:50Z
date_published: 2019-04-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-25T10:30:36Z
day: '10'
department:
- _id: FyKo
doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s010
month: '04'
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Public Library of Science
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '6419'
    relation: used_in_publication
    status: public
status: public
title: Multiple alignment of His3 orthologues
type: research_data_reference
user_id: 6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '9790'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Victoria
  full_name: Pokusaeva, Victoria
  id: 3184041C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Pokusaeva
  orcid: 0000-0001-7660-444X
- first_name: Dinara R.
  full_name: Usmanova, Dinara R.
  last_name: Usmanova
- first_name: Ekaterina V.
  full_name: Putintseva, Ekaterina V.
  last_name: Putintseva
- first_name: Lorena
  full_name: Espinar, Lorena
  last_name: Espinar
- first_name: Karen
  full_name: Sarkisyan, Karen
  id: 39A7BF80-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sarkisyan
  orcid: 0000-0002-5375-6341
- first_name: Alexander S.
  full_name: Mishin, Alexander S.
  last_name: Mishin
- first_name: Natalya S.
  full_name: Bogatyreva, Natalya S.
  last_name: Bogatyreva
- first_name: Dmitry
  full_name: Ivankov, Dmitry
  id: 49FF1036-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ivankov
- first_name: Arseniy
  full_name: Akopyan, Arseniy
  id: 430D2C90-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Akopyan
  orcid: 0000-0002-2548-617X
- first_name: Sergey
  full_name: Avvakumov, Sergey
  id: 3827DAC8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Avvakumov
- first_name: Inna S.
  full_name: Povolotskaya, Inna S.
  last_name: Povolotskaya
- first_name: Guillaume J.
  full_name: Filion, Guillaume J.
  last_name: Filion
- first_name: Lucas B.
  full_name: Carey, Lucas B.
  last_name: Carey
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Kondrashov, Fyodor
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
citation:
  ama: Pokusaeva V, Usmanova DR, Putintseva EV, et al. A statistical summary of segment
    libraries and sequencing results. 2019. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011">10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011</a>
  apa: Pokusaeva, V., Usmanova, D. R., Putintseva, E. V., Espinar, L., Sarkisyan,
    K., Mishin, A. S., … Kondrashov, F. (2019). A statistical summary of segment libraries
    and sequencing results. Public Library of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011</a>
  chicago: Pokusaeva, Victoria, Dinara R. Usmanova, Ekaterina V. Putintseva, Lorena
    Espinar, Karen Sarkisyan, Alexander S. Mishin, Natalya S. Bogatyreva, et al. “A
    Statistical Summary of Segment Libraries and Sequencing Results.” Public Library
    of Science, 2019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011</a>.
  ieee: V. Pokusaeva <i>et al.</i>, “A statistical summary of segment libraries and
    sequencing results.” Public Library of Science, 2019.
  ista: Pokusaeva V, Usmanova DR, Putintseva EV, Espinar L, Sarkisyan K, Mishin AS,
    Bogatyreva NS, Ivankov D, Akopyan A, Avvakumov S, Povolotskaya IS, Filion GJ,
    Carey LB, Kondrashov F. 2019. A statistical summary of segment libraries and sequencing
    results, Public Library of Science, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011">10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011</a>.
  mla: Pokusaeva, Victoria, et al. <i>A Statistical Summary of Segment Libraries and
    Sequencing Results</i>. Public Library of Science, 2019, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011">10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011</a>.
  short: V. Pokusaeva, D.R. Usmanova, E.V. Putintseva, L. Espinar, K. Sarkisyan, A.S.
    Mishin, N.S. Bogatyreva, D. Ivankov, A. Akopyan, S. Avvakumov, I.S. Povolotskaya,
    G.J. Filion, L.B. Carey, F. Kondrashov, (2019).
date_created: 2021-08-06T08:50:15Z
date_published: 2019-04-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-25T10:30:36Z
day: '10'
department:
- _id: FyKo
doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011
month: '04'
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Public Library of Science
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '6419'
    relation: used_in_publication
    status: public
status: public
title: A statistical summary of segment libraries and sequencing results
type: research_data_reference
user_id: 6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '9797'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Victoria
  full_name: Pokusaeva, Victoria
  id: 3184041C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Pokusaeva
  orcid: 0000-0001-7660-444X
- first_name: Dinara R.
  full_name: Usmanova, Dinara R.
  last_name: Usmanova
- first_name: Ekaterina V.
  full_name: Putintseva, Ekaterina V.
  last_name: Putintseva
- first_name: Lorena
  full_name: Espinar, Lorena
  last_name: Espinar
- first_name: Karen
  full_name: Sarkisyan, Karen
  id: 39A7BF80-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sarkisyan
  orcid: 0000-0002-5375-6341
- first_name: Alexander S.
  full_name: Mishin, Alexander S.
  last_name: Mishin
- first_name: Natalya S.
  full_name: Bogatyreva, Natalya S.
  last_name: Bogatyreva
- first_name: Dmitry
  full_name: Ivankov, Dmitry
  id: 49FF1036-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ivankov
- first_name: Arseniy
  full_name: Akopyan, Arseniy
  id: 430D2C90-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Akopyan
  orcid: 0000-0002-2548-617X
- first_name: Inna S.
  full_name: Povolotskaya, Inna S.
  last_name: Povolotskaya
- first_name: Guillaume J.
  full_name: Filion, Guillaume J.
  last_name: Filion
- first_name: Lucas B.
  full_name: Carey, Lucas B.
  last_name: Carey
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Kondrashov, Fyodor
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
citation:
  ama: Pokusaeva V, Usmanova DR, Putintseva EV, et al. A statistical summary of segment
    libraries and sequencing results. 2019. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011">10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011</a>
  apa: Pokusaeva, V., Usmanova, D. R., Putintseva, E. V., Espinar, L., Sarkisyan,
    K., Mishin, A. S., … Kondrashov, F. (2019). A statistical summary of segment libraries
    and sequencing results. Public Library of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011</a>
  chicago: Pokusaeva, Victoria, Dinara R. Usmanova, Ekaterina V. Putintseva, Lorena
    Espinar, Karen Sarkisyan, Alexander S. Mishin, Natalya S. Bogatyreva, et al. “A
    Statistical Summary of Segment Libraries and Sequencing Results.” Public Library
    of Science, 2019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011</a>.
  ieee: V. Pokusaeva <i>et al.</i>, “A statistical summary of segment libraries and
    sequencing results.” Public Library of Science, 2019.
  ista: Pokusaeva V, Usmanova DR, Putintseva EV, Espinar L, Sarkisyan K, Mishin AS,
    Bogatyreva NS, Ivankov D, Akopyan A, Povolotskaya IS, Filion GJ, Carey LB, Kondrashov
    F. 2019. A statistical summary of segment libraries and sequencing results, Public
    Library of Science, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011">10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011</a>.
  mla: Pokusaeva, Victoria, et al. <i>A Statistical Summary of Segment Libraries and
    Sequencing Results</i>. Public Library of Science, 2019, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011">10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011</a>.
  short: V. Pokusaeva, D.R. Usmanova, E.V. Putintseva, L. Espinar, K. Sarkisyan, A.S.
    Mishin, N.S. Bogatyreva, D. Ivankov, A. Akopyan, I.S. Povolotskaya, G.J. Filion,
    L.B. Carey, F. Kondrashov, (2019).
date_created: 2021-08-06T11:08:20Z
date_published: 2019-04-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-25T10:30:36Z
day: '10'
department:
- _id: FyKo
doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008079.s011
month: '04'
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Public Library of Science
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '6419'
    relation: used_in_publication
    status: public
status: public
title: A statistical summary of segment libraries and sequencing results
type: research_data_reference
user_id: 6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '5780'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Bioluminescence is found across the entire tree of life, conferring a spectacular
    set of visually oriented functions from attracting mates to scaring off predators.
    Half a dozen different luciferins, molecules that emit light when enzymatically
    oxidized, are known. However, just one biochemical pathway for luciferin biosynthesis
    has been described in full, which is found only in bacteria. Here, we report identification
    of the fungal luciferase and three other key enzymes that together form the biosynthetic
    cycle of the fungal luciferin from caffeic acid, a simple and widespread metabolite.
    Introduction of the identified genes into the genome of the yeast Pichia pastoris
    along with caffeic acid biosynthesis genes resulted in a strain that is autoluminescent
    in standard media. We analyzed evolution of the enzymes of the luciferin biosynthesis
    cycle and found that fungal bioluminescence emerged through a series of events
    that included two independent gene duplications. The retention of the duplicated
    enzymes of the luciferin pathway in nonluminescent fungi shows that the gene duplication
    was followed by functional sequence divergence of enzymes of at least one gene
    in the biosynthetic pathway and suggests that the evolution of fungal bioluminescence
    proceeded through several closely related stepping stone nonluminescent biochemical
    reactions with adaptive roles. The availability of a complete eukaryotic luciferin
    biosynthesis pathway provides several applications in biomedicine and bioengineering.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Alexey A.
  full_name: Kotlobay, Alexey A.
  last_name: Kotlobay
- first_name: Karen
  full_name: Sarkisyan, Karen
  id: 39A7BF80-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sarkisyan
  orcid: 0000-0002-5375-6341
- first_name: Yuliana A.
  full_name: Mokrushina, Yuliana A.
  last_name: Mokrushina
- first_name: Marina
  full_name: Marcet-Houben, Marina
  last_name: Marcet-Houben
- first_name: Ekaterina O.
  full_name: Serebrovskaya, Ekaterina O.
  last_name: Serebrovskaya
- first_name: Nadezhda M.
  full_name: Markina, Nadezhda M.
  last_name: Markina
- first_name: Louisa
  full_name: Gonzalez Somermeyer, Louisa
  id: 4720D23C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Gonzalez Somermeyer
  orcid: 0000-0001-9139-5383
- first_name: Andrey Y.
  full_name: Gorokhovatsky, Andrey Y.
  last_name: Gorokhovatsky
- first_name: Andrey
  full_name: Vvedensky, Andrey
  last_name: Vvedensky
- first_name: Konstantin V.
  full_name: Purtov, Konstantin V.
  last_name: Purtov
- first_name: Valentin N.
  full_name: Petushkov, Valentin N.
  last_name: Petushkov
- first_name: Natalja S.
  full_name: Rodionova, Natalja S.
  last_name: Rodionova
- first_name: Tatiana V.
  full_name: Chepurnyh, Tatiana V.
  last_name: Chepurnyh
- first_name: Liliia
  full_name: Fakhranurova, Liliia
  last_name: Fakhranurova
- first_name: Elena B.
  full_name: Guglya, Elena B.
  last_name: Guglya
- first_name: Rustam
  full_name: Ziganshin, Rustam
  last_name: Ziganshin
- first_name: Aleksandra S.
  full_name: Tsarkova, Aleksandra S.
  last_name: Tsarkova
- first_name: Zinaida M.
  full_name: Kaskova, Zinaida M.
  last_name: Kaskova
- first_name: Victoria
  full_name: Shender, Victoria
  last_name: Shender
- first_name: Maxim
  full_name: Abakumov, Maxim
  last_name: Abakumov
- first_name: Tatiana O.
  full_name: Abakumova, Tatiana O.
  last_name: Abakumova
- first_name: Inna S.
  full_name: Povolotskaya, Inna S.
  last_name: Povolotskaya
- first_name: Fedor M.
  full_name: Eroshkin, Fedor M.
  last_name: Eroshkin
- first_name: Andrey G.
  full_name: Zaraisky, Andrey G.
  last_name: Zaraisky
- first_name: Alexander S.
  full_name: Mishin, Alexander S.
  last_name: Mishin
- first_name: Sergey V.
  full_name: Dolgov, Sergey V.
  last_name: Dolgov
- first_name: Tatiana Y.
  full_name: Mitiouchkina, Tatiana Y.
  last_name: Mitiouchkina
- first_name: Eugene P.
  full_name: Kopantzev, Eugene P.
  last_name: Kopantzev
- first_name: Hans E.
  full_name: Waldenmaier, Hans E.
  last_name: Waldenmaier
- first_name: Anderson G.
  full_name: Oliveira, Anderson G.
  last_name: Oliveira
- first_name: Yuichi
  full_name: Oba, Yuichi
  last_name: Oba
- first_name: Ekaterina
  full_name: Barsova, Ekaterina
  last_name: Barsova
- first_name: Ekaterina A.
  full_name: Bogdanova, Ekaterina A.
  last_name: Bogdanova
- first_name: Toni
  full_name: Gabaldón, Toni
  last_name: Gabaldón
- first_name: Cassius V.
  full_name: Stevani, Cassius V.
  last_name: Stevani
- first_name: Sergey
  full_name: Lukyanov, Sergey
  last_name: Lukyanov
- first_name: Ivan V.
  full_name: Smirnov, Ivan V.
  last_name: Smirnov
- first_name: Josef I.
  full_name: Gitelson, Josef I.
  last_name: Gitelson
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Kondrashov, Fyodor
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
- first_name: Ilia V.
  full_name: Yampolsky, Ilia V.
  last_name: Yampolsky
citation:
  ama: Kotlobay AA, Sarkisyan K, Mokrushina YA, et al. Genetically encodable bioluminescent
    system from fungi. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
    States of America</i>. 2018;115(50):12728-12732. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803615115">10.1073/pnas.1803615115</a>
  apa: Kotlobay, A. A., Sarkisyan, K., Mokrushina, Y. A., Marcet-Houben, M., Serebrovskaya,
    E. O., Markina, N. M., … Yampolsky, I. V. (2018). Genetically encodable bioluminescent
    system from fungi. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
    States of America</i>. National Academy of Sciences. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803615115">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803615115</a>
  chicago: Kotlobay, Alexey A., Karen Sarkisyan, Yuliana A. Mokrushina, Marina Marcet-Houben,
    Ekaterina O. Serebrovskaya, Nadezhda M. Markina, Louisa Gonzalez Somermeyer, et
    al. “Genetically Encodable Bioluminescent System from Fungi.” <i>Proceedings of
    the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. National
    Academy of Sciences, 2018. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803615115">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803615115</a>.
  ieee: A. A. Kotlobay <i>et al.</i>, “Genetically encodable bioluminescent system
    from fungi,” <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
    States of America</i>, vol. 115, no. 50. National Academy of Sciences, pp. 12728–12732,
    2018.
  ista: Kotlobay AA, Sarkisyan K, Mokrushina YA, Marcet-Houben M, Serebrovskaya EO,
    Markina NM, Gonzalez Somermeyer L, Gorokhovatsky AY, Vvedensky A, Purtov KV, Petushkov
    VN, Rodionova NS, Chepurnyh TV, Fakhranurova L, Guglya EB, Ziganshin R, Tsarkova
    AS, Kaskova ZM, Shender V, Abakumov M, Abakumova TO, Povolotskaya IS, Eroshkin
    FM, Zaraisky AG, Mishin AS, Dolgov SV, Mitiouchkina TY, Kopantzev EP, Waldenmaier
    HE, Oliveira AG, Oba Y, Barsova E, Bogdanova EA, Gabaldón T, Stevani CV, Lukyanov
    S, Smirnov IV, Gitelson JI, Kondrashov F, Yampolsky IV. 2018. Genetically encodable
    bioluminescent system from fungi. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    of the United States of America. 115(50), 12728–12732.
  mla: Kotlobay, Alexey A., et al. “Genetically Encodable Bioluminescent System from
    Fungi.” <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
    of America</i>, vol. 115, no. 50, National Academy of Sciences, 2018, pp. 12728–32,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803615115">10.1073/pnas.1803615115</a>.
  short: A.A. Kotlobay, K. Sarkisyan, Y.A. Mokrushina, M. Marcet-Houben, E.O. Serebrovskaya,
    N.M. Markina, L. Gonzalez Somermeyer, A.Y. Gorokhovatsky, A. Vvedensky, K.V. Purtov,
    V.N. Petushkov, N.S. Rodionova, T.V. Chepurnyh, L. Fakhranurova, E.B. Guglya,
    R. Ziganshin, A.S. Tsarkova, Z.M. Kaskova, V. Shender, M. Abakumov, T.O. Abakumova,
    I.S. Povolotskaya, F.M. Eroshkin, A.G. Zaraisky, A.S. Mishin, S.V. Dolgov, T.Y.
    Mitiouchkina, E.P. Kopantzev, H.E. Waldenmaier, A.G. Oliveira, Y. Oba, E. Barsova,
    E.A. Bogdanova, T. Gabaldón, C.V. Stevani, S. Lukyanov, I.V. Smirnov, J.I. Gitelson,
    F. Kondrashov, I.V. Yampolsky, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    of the United States of America 115 (2018) 12728–12732.
date_created: 2018-12-23T22:59:18Z
date_published: 2018-12-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-11T14:04:05Z
day: '11'
ddc:
- '580'
department:
- _id: FyKo
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1803615115
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000452866000068'
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language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 12728-12732
publication: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
  of America
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - '00278424'
publication_status: published
publisher: National Academy of Sciences
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Genetically encodable bioluminescent system from fungi
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
    (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
  short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 115
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '850'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Fitness landscapes depict how genotypes manifest at the phenotypic level and
    form the basis of our understanding of many areas of biology, yet their properties
    remain elusive. Previous studies have analysed specific genes, often using their
    function as a proxy for fitness, experimentally assessing the effect on function
    of single mutations and their combinations in a specific sequence or in different
    sequences. However, systematic high-throughput studies of the local fitness landscape
    of an entire protein have not yet been reported. Here we visualize an extensive
    region of the local fitness landscape of the green fluorescent protein from Aequorea
    Victoria (avGFP) by measuring the native function (fluorescence) of tens of thousands
    of derivative genotypes of avGFP. We show that the fitness landscape of avGFP
    is narrow, with 3/4 of the derivatives with a single mutation showing reduced
    fluorescence and half of the derivatives with four mutations being completely
    non-fluorescent. The narrowness is enhanced by epistasis, which was detected in
    up to 30% of genotypes with multiple mutations and mostly occurred through the
    cumulative effect of slightly deleterious mutations causing a threshold-like decrease
    in protein stability and a concomitant loss of fluorescence. A model of orthologous
    sequence divergence spanning hundreds of millions of years predicted the extent
    of epistasis in our data, indicating congruence between the fitness landscape
    properties at the local and global scales. The characterization of the local fitness
    landscape of avGFP has important implications for several fields including molecular
    evolution, population genetics and protein design.
acknowledgement: We thank Y. Kulikova and G. Filion for discussion on statistical
  analysis and I. Osterman, R. Moretti and J. Meiler for technical assistance and
  M. Friesen for a critical reading of the manuscript. We thank H. Himmelbauer, CRG
  Genomic Unit and the Russian Science Foundation project (14-50-00150) for sequencing.
  Experiments were partially carried out using the equipment provided by the IBCH
  core facility (CKP IBCH). The work was supported by HHMI International Early Career
  Scientist Program (55007424), the EMBO Young Investigator Programme, MINECO (BFU2012-31329),
  Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa
  2013-2017 grant (SEV-2012-0208), Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament
  d'Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat's AGAUR program (2014 SGR 0974), Russian
  Science Foundation (14-25-00129) and the European Research Council under the European
  Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013, ERC grant agreement, 335980-EinME).
author:
- first_name: Karen
  full_name: Karen Sarkisyan
  id: 39A7BF80-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sarkisyan
  orcid: 0000-0002-5375-6341
- first_name: Dmitry
  full_name: Bolotin, Dmitry A
  last_name: Bolotin
- first_name: Margarita
  full_name: Meer, Margarita V
  last_name: Meer
- first_name: Dinara
  full_name: Usmanova, Dinara R
  last_name: Usmanova
- first_name: Alexander
  full_name: Mishin, Alexander S
  last_name: Mishin
- first_name: George
  full_name: Sharonov, George V
  last_name: Sharonov
- first_name: Dmitry
  full_name: Ivankov, Dmitry N
  last_name: Ivankov
- first_name: Nina
  full_name: Bozhanova, Nina G
  last_name: Bozhanova
- first_name: Mikhail
  full_name: Baranov, Mikhail S
  last_name: Baranov
- first_name: Onuralp
  full_name: Soylemez, Onuralp
  last_name: Soylemez
- first_name: Natalya
  full_name: Bogatyreva, Natalya S
  last_name: Bogatyreva
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Vlasov, Peter K
  last_name: Vlasov
- first_name: Evgeny
  full_name: Egorov, Evgeny S
  last_name: Egorov
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Logacheva, Maria D
  last_name: Logacheva
- first_name: Alexey
  full_name: Kondrashov, Alexey S
  last_name: Kondrashov
- first_name: Dmitriy
  full_name: Chudakov, Dmitriy M
  last_name: Chudakov
- first_name: Ekaterina
  full_name: Putintseva, Ekaterina V
  last_name: Putintseva
- first_name: Ilgar
  full_name: Mamedov, Ilgar Z
  last_name: Mamedov
- first_name: Dan
  full_name: Tawfik, Dan S
  last_name: Tawfik
- first_name: Konstantin
  full_name: Lukyanov, Konstantin A
  last_name: Lukyanov
- first_name: Fyodor
  full_name: Fyodor Kondrashov
  id: 44FDEF62-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kondrashov
  orcid: 0000-0001-8243-4694
citation:
  ama: Sarkisyan K, Bolotin D, Meer M, et al. Local fitness landscape of the green
    fluorescent protein. <i>Nature</i>. 2016;533:397-401. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17995">10.1038/nature17995</a>
  apa: Sarkisyan, K., Bolotin, D., Meer, M., Usmanova, D., Mishin, A., Sharonov, G.,
    … Kondrashov, F. (2016). Local fitness landscape of the green fluorescent protein.
    <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17995">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17995</a>
  chicago: Sarkisyan, Karen, Dmitry Bolotin, Margarita Meer, Dinara Usmanova, Alexander
    Mishin, George Sharonov, Dmitry Ivankov, et al. “Local Fitness Landscape of the
    Green Fluorescent Protein.” <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2016. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17995">https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17995</a>.
  ieee: K. Sarkisyan <i>et al.</i>, “Local fitness landscape of the green fluorescent
    protein,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 533. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 397–401, 2016.
  ista: Sarkisyan K, Bolotin D, Meer M, Usmanova D, Mishin A, Sharonov G, Ivankov
    D, Bozhanova N, Baranov M, Soylemez O, Bogatyreva N, Vlasov P, Egorov E, Logacheva
    M, Kondrashov A, Chudakov D, Putintseva E, Mamedov I, Tawfik D, Lukyanov K, Kondrashov
    F. 2016. Local fitness landscape of the green fluorescent protein. Nature. 533,
    397–401.
  mla: Sarkisyan, Karen, et al. “Local Fitness Landscape of the Green Fluorescent
    Protein.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 533, Nature Publishing Group, 2016, pp. 397–401,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17995">10.1038/nature17995</a>.
  short: K. Sarkisyan, D. Bolotin, M. Meer, D. Usmanova, A. Mishin, G. Sharonov, D.
    Ivankov, N. Bozhanova, M. Baranov, O. Soylemez, N. Bogatyreva, P. Vlasov, E. Egorov,
    M. Logacheva, A. Kondrashov, D. Chudakov, E. Putintseva, I. Mamedov, D. Tawfik,
    K. Lukyanov, F. Kondrashov, Nature 533 (2016) 397–401.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:50Z
date_published: 2016-05-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:19:42Z
day: '11'
doi: 10.1038/nature17995
extern: 1
intvolume: '       533'
month: '05'
page: 397 - 401
publication: Nature
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Publishing Group
publist_id: '6799'
quality_controlled: 0
status: public
title: Local fitness landscape of the green fluorescent protein
type: journal_article
volume: 533
year: '2016'
...
