---
_id: '505'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Alkyd resins are polyesters containing unsaturated fatty acids that are used
    as binding agents in paints and coatings. Chemical drying of these polyesters
    is based on heavy metal catalyzed cross-linking of the unsaturated fatty acid
    moieties. Among the heavy-metal catalysts, cobalt complexes are the most effective,
    yet they have been proven to be carcinogenic. Therefore, strategies to replace
    the cobalt-based catalyst by environmentally friendlier and less toxic alternatives
    are under development. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that a laccase-mediator
    system can effectively replace the heavy-metal catalyst and cross-link alkyd resins.
    Interestingly, the biocatalytic reaction does not only work in aqueous media,
    but also in a solid film, where enzyme diffusion is limited. Within the catalytic
    cycle, the mediator oxidizes the alkyd resin and is regenerated by the laccase,
    which is uniformly distributed within the drying film as evidenced by confocal
    laser scanning microscopy. During gradual build-up of molecular weight, there
    is a concomitant decrease of the oxygen content in the film. A new optical sensor
    to follow oxygen consumption during the cross-linking reaction was developed and
    validated with state of the art techniques. A remarkable feature is the low sample
    amount required, which allows faster screening of new catalysts.
acknowledgement: "This study was performed within the Austrian Centre of Indus-\r\ntrial
  Biotechnology ACIB and the COST Action 868. This work\r\nhas been supported by the
  Federal Ministry of Economy,\r\nFamily and Youth (BMWFJ), the Federal Ministry of
  Tra\r\nffi\r\nc,\r\nInnovation and Technology (bmvit), the Styrian Business\r\nPromotion
  Agency SFG, the Standortagentur Tirol and ZIT\r\n–\r\nTechnology  Agency  of  the
  \ City  of  Vienna  through  the\r\nCOMET-Funding Program managed by the Austrian
  Research\r\nPromotion Agency FFG. Dr Massimiliano Cardinale (Institute of\r\nEnvironmental
  Biotechnology, TU Graz) is gratefully acknowl-\r\nedged for technical support with
  the CLSM measurements."
author:
- first_name: Katrin
  full_name: Greimel, Katrin
  last_name: Greimel
- first_name: Veronika
  full_name: Perz, Veronika
  last_name: Perz
- first_name: Klaus
  full_name: Koren, Klaus
  id: 382FBD6A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Koren
- first_name: Roland
  full_name: Feola, Roland
  last_name: Feola
- first_name: Armin
  full_name: Temel, Armin
  last_name: Temel
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Sohar, Christian
  last_name: Sohar
- first_name: Enrique
  full_name: Herrero Acero, Enrique
  last_name: Herrero Acero
- first_name: Ingo
  full_name: Klimant, Ingo
  last_name: Klimant
- first_name: Georg
  full_name: Guebitz, Georg
  last_name: Guebitz
citation:
  ama: 'Greimel K, Perz V, Koren K, et al. Banning toxic heavy-metal catalysts from
    paints: Enzymatic cross-linking of alkyd resins. <i>Green Chemistry</i>. 2013;15(2):381-388.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c2gc36666e">10.1039/c2gc36666e</a>'
  apa: 'Greimel, K., Perz, V., Koren, K., Feola, R., Temel, A., Sohar, C., … Guebitz,
    G. (2013). Banning toxic heavy-metal catalysts from paints: Enzymatic cross-linking
    of alkyd resins. <i>Green Chemistry</i>. Royal Society of Chemistry. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c2gc36666e">https://doi.org/10.1039/c2gc36666e</a>'
  chicago: 'Greimel, Katrin, Veronika Perz, Klaus Koren, Roland Feola, Armin Temel,
    Christian Sohar, Enrique Herrero Acero, Ingo Klimant, and Georg Guebitz. “Banning
    Toxic Heavy-Metal Catalysts from Paints: Enzymatic Cross-Linking of Alkyd Resins.”
    <i>Green Chemistry</i>. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c2gc36666e">https://doi.org/10.1039/c2gc36666e</a>.'
  ieee: 'K. Greimel <i>et al.</i>, “Banning toxic heavy-metal catalysts from paints:
    Enzymatic cross-linking of alkyd resins,” <i>Green Chemistry</i>, vol. 15, no.
    2. Royal Society of Chemistry, pp. 381–388, 2013.'
  ista: 'Greimel K, Perz V, Koren K, Feola R, Temel A, Sohar C, Herrero Acero E, Klimant
    I, Guebitz G. 2013. Banning toxic heavy-metal catalysts from paints: Enzymatic
    cross-linking of alkyd resins. Green Chemistry. 15(2), 381–388.'
  mla: 'Greimel, Katrin, et al. “Banning Toxic Heavy-Metal Catalysts from Paints:
    Enzymatic Cross-Linking of Alkyd Resins.” <i>Green Chemistry</i>, vol. 15, no.
    2, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013, pp. 381–88, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c2gc36666e">10.1039/c2gc36666e</a>.'
  short: K. Greimel, V. Perz, K. Koren, R. Feola, A. Temel, C. Sohar, E. Herrero Acero,
    I. Klimant, G. Guebitz, Green Chemistry 15 (2013) 381–388.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:46:51Z
date_published: 2013-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T08:01:11Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: HaJa
doi: 10.1039/c2gc36666e
intvolume: '        15'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '02'
oa_version: None
page: 381 - 388
publication: Green Chemistry
publication_status: published
publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
publist_id: '7313'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: 'Banning toxic heavy-metal catalysts from paints: Enzymatic cross-linking of
  alkyd resins'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 15
year: '2013'
...