[{"_id":"14872","date_updated":"2024-01-24T08:43:28Z","date_created":"2024-01-22T12:29:41Z","type":"conference","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"01","doi":"10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3","author":[{"first_name":"Rishabh","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","last_name":"Sahu"},{"first_name":"Liu","last_name":"Qiu","full_name":"Qiu, Liu"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","first_name":"William J","last_name":"Hease","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hease, William J"},{"last_name":"Arnold","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","first_name":"Georg M"},{"first_name":"Yuri","full_name":"Minoguchi, Yuri","last_name":"Minoguchi"},{"full_name":"Rabl, Peter","last_name":"Rabl","first_name":"Peter"},{"last_name":"Fink","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M"}],"title":"Entangling microwaves and telecom wavelength light","oa_version":"None","publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781957171296"]},"abstract":[{"text":"We entangled microwave and optical photons for the first time as verified by a measured two-mode vacuum squeezing of 0.7 dB. This electro-optic entanglement is the key resource needed to connect cryogenic quantum circuits.","lang":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"article_number":"LM1F.3","year":"2023","month":"10","citation":{"mla":"Sahu, Rishabh, et al. “Entangling Microwaves and Telecom Wavelength Light.” <i>Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023</i>, LM1F.3, Optica Publishing Group, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3\">10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3</a>.","apa":"Sahu, R., Qiu, L., Hease, W. J., Arnold, G. M., Minoguchi, Y., Rabl, P., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2023). Entangling microwaves and telecom wavelength light. In <i>Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023</i>. Tacoma, WA, United States: Optica Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3\">https://doi.org/10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3</a>","ista":"Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Minoguchi Y, Rabl P, Fink JM. 2023. Entangling microwaves and telecom wavelength light. Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023. Laser Science, LM1F.3.","chicago":"Sahu, Rishabh, Liu Qiu, William J Hease, Georg M Arnold, Yuri Minoguchi, Peter Rabl, and Johannes M Fink. “Entangling Microwaves and Telecom Wavelength Light.” In <i>Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023</i>. Optica Publishing Group, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3\">https://doi.org/10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3</a>.","short":"R. Sahu, L. Qiu, W.J. Hease, G.M. Arnold, Y. Minoguchi, P. Rabl, J.M. Fink, in:, Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023, Optica Publishing Group, 2023.","ieee":"R. Sahu <i>et al.</i>, “Entangling microwaves and telecom wavelength light,” in <i>Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023</i>, Tacoma, WA, United States, 2023.","ama":"Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, et al. Entangling microwaves and telecom wavelength light. In: <i>Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023</i>. Optica Publishing Group; 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3\">10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3</a>"},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_published":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","conference":{"location":"Tacoma, WA, United States","name":"Laser Science","end_date":"2023-10-12","start_date":"2023-10-09"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023","status":"public"},{"degree_awarded":"PhD","status":"public","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"758053","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","grant_number":"899354","name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"grant_number":"754411","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"F07105","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits","call_identifier":"FWF"},{"_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"862644","name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies"},{"_id":"2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves to optical frequencies"}],"ec_funded":1,"acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the European Research Council (grant no. 758053, ERC StG QUNNECT) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (grant no. 899354, FETopen SuperQuLAN). L.Q. acknowledges generous support from the ISTFELLOW program. W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant no. 754411). G.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. J.M.F. acknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (grant no. F7105) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (grant no. 862644, FETopen QUARTET).","date_published":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","year":"2023","isi":1,"related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","status":"public","id":"13122"}],"link":[{"description":"News on ISTA Website","url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/wiring-up-quantum-circuits-with-light/","relation":"press_release"}]},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2301.03315"],"isi":["000996515200004"]},"keyword":["Multidisciplinary"],"page":"718-721","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.03315"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1126/science.adg3812","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","_id":"13106","date_updated":"2025-07-15T09:17:40Z","type":"dissertation","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"short":"R. Sahu, L. Qiu, W.J. Hease, G.M. Arnold, Y. Minoguchi, P. Rabl, J.M. Fink, Entangling Microwaves with Light, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023.","ieee":"R. Sahu <i>et al.</i>, “Entangling microwaves with light,” American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023.","ama":"Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, et al. Entangling microwaves with light. 2023;380:718-721. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812\">10.1126/science.adg3812</a>","mla":"Sahu, Rishabh, et al. <i>Entangling Microwaves with Light</i>. Vol. 380, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023, pp. 718–21, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812\">10.1126/science.adg3812</a>.","apa":"Sahu, R., Qiu, L., Hease, W. J., Arnold, G. M., Minoguchi, Y., Rabl, P., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2023). <i>Entangling microwaves with light</i>. American Association for the Advancement of Science. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812\">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812</a>","chicago":"Sahu, Rishabh, Liu Qiu, William J Hease, Georg M Arnold, Y. Minoguchi, P. Rabl, and Johannes M Fink. “Entangling Microwaves with Light.” American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812\">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812</a>.","ista":"Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Minoguchi Y, Rabl P, Fink JM. 2023. Entangling microwaves with light. American Association for the Advancement of Science."},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","month":"05","arxiv":1,"department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"intvolume":"       380","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Quantum entanglement is a key resource in currently developed quantum technologies. Sharing this fragile property between superconducting microwave circuits and optical or atomic systems would enable new functionalities, but this has been hindered by an energy scale mismatch of >104 and the resulting mutually imposed loss and noise. In this work, we created and verified entanglement between microwave and optical fields in a millikelvin environment. Using an optically pulsed superconducting electro-optical device, we show entanglement between propagating microwave and optical fields in the continuous variable domain. This achievement not only paves the way for entanglement between superconducting circuits and telecom wavelength light, but also has wide-ranging implications for hybrid quantum networks in the context of modularization, scaling, sensing, and cross-platform verification."}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1095-9203"],"issn":["0036-8075"]},"publication_status":"published","day":"18","author":[{"first_name":"Rishabh","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Sahu"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-4345-4267","first_name":"Liu","last_name":"Qiu","id":"45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac","full_name":"Qiu, Liu"},{"id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hease, William J","last_name":"Hease","first_name":"William J","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166"},{"first_name":"Georg M","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","last_name":"Arnold","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Y.","full_name":"Minoguchi, Y.","last_name":"Minoguchi"},{"first_name":"P.","full_name":"Rabl, P.","last_name":"Rabl"},{"full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Fink","first_name":"Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X"}],"title":"Entangling microwaves with light","oa_version":"Preprint","volume":380,"date_created":"2023-05-31T11:39:24Z"},{"date_published":"2023-06-24T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the European Research Council under grant agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 899354 (FETopen SuperQuLAN), and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F7105). L.Q. acknowledges generous support from the ISTFELLOW programme. W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 754411. G.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria.","pmid":1,"ec_funded":1,"project":[{"_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"758053","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"grant_number":"899354","name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A"},{"_id":"bdb108fd-d553-11ed-ba76-83dc74a9864f","name":"QUANTUM INFORMATION SYSTEMS BEYOND CLASSICAL CAPABILITIES / P5- Integration of Superconducting Quantum Circuits"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","grant_number":"754411","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"name":"International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme","grant_number":"291734","call_identifier":"FP7","_id":"25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves to optical frequencies"}],"status":"public","publication":"Nature Communications","external_id":{"arxiv":["2210.12443"],"isi":["001018100800002"],"pmid":["37355691"]},"year":"2023","isi":1,"quality_controlled":"1","ddc":["000"],"type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2024-08-07T07:11:55Z","_id":"13200","publisher":"Nature Research","doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3","article_processing_charge":"No","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"ieee":"L. Qiu, R. Sahu, W. J. Hease, G. M. Arnold, and J. M. Fink, “Coherent optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 14. Nature Research, 2023.","short":"L. Qiu, R. Sahu, W.J. Hease, G.M. Arnold, J.M. Fink, Nature Communications 14 (2023).","ama":"Qiu L, Sahu R, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Fink JM. Coherent optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2023;14. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3\">10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3</a>","apa":"Qiu, L., Sahu, R., Hease, W. J., Arnold, G. M., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2023). Coherent optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Nature Research. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3</a>","mla":"Qiu, Liu, et al. “Coherent Optical Control of a Superconducting Microwave Cavity via Electro-Optical Dynamical Back-Action.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 14, 3784, Nature Research, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3\">10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3</a>.","chicago":"Qiu, Liu, Rishabh Sahu, William J Hease, Georg M Arnold, and Johannes M Fink. “Coherent Optical Control of a Superconducting Microwave Cavity via Electro-Optical Dynamical Back-Action.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Nature Research, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3</a>.","ista":"Qiu L, Sahu R, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Fink JM. 2023. Coherent optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action. Nature Communications. 14, 3784."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"file":[{"file_size":1349134,"date_created":"2023-07-10T10:10:54Z","date_updated":"2023-07-10T10:10:54Z","creator":"alisjak","file_id":"13206","success":1,"file_name":"2023_NatureComms_Qiu.pdf","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","relation":"main_file","checksum":"ec7ccd2c08f90d59cab302fd0d7776a4"}],"article_number":"3784","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"month":"06","arxiv":1,"publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"file_date_updated":"2023-07-10T10:10:54Z","abstract":[{"text":"Recent quantum technologies have established precise quantum control of various microscopic systems using electromagnetic waves. Interfaces based on cryogenic cavity electro-optic systems are particularly promising, due to the direct interaction between microwave and optical fields in the quantum regime. Quantum optical control of superconducting microwave circuits has been precluded so far due to the weak electro-optical coupling as well as quasi-particles induced by the pump laser. Here we report the coherent control of a superconducting microwave cavity using laser pulses in a multimode electro-optical device at millikelvin temperature with near-unity cooperativity. Both the stationary and instantaneous responses of the microwave and optical modes comply with the coherent electro-optical interaction, and reveal only minuscule amount of excess back-action with an unanticipated time delay. Our demonstration enables wide ranges of applications beyond quantum transductions, from squeezing and quantum non-demolition measurements of microwave fields, to entanglement generation and hybrid quantum networks.","lang":"eng"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"intvolume":"        14","has_accepted_license":"1","article_type":"original","date_created":"2023-07-09T22:01:11Z","volume":14,"oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Coherent optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action","author":[{"last_name":"Qiu","id":"45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac","full_name":"Qiu, Liu","first_name":"Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-4345-4267"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","first_name":"Rishabh","last_name":"Sahu","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh"},{"last_name":"Hease","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hease, William J","first_name":"William J","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166"},{"first_name":"Georg M","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","last_name":"Arnold","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","last_name":"Fink","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M"}],"day":"24","scopus_import":"1"},{"month":"03","arxiv":1,"department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"article_number":"1276","file":[{"relation":"main_file","checksum":"7c5176db7b8e2ed18a4e0c5aca70a72c","success":1,"file_name":"2022_NatureCommunications_Sahu.pdf","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","file_id":"10929","date_created":"2022-03-28T08:02:12Z","file_size":1167492,"creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2022-03-28T08:02:12Z"}],"oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"chicago":"Sahu, Rishabh, William J Hease, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Georg M Arnold, Liu Qiu, and Johannes M Fink. “Quantum-Enabled Operation of a Microwave-Optical Interface.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>.","ista":"Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. 2022. Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface. Nature Communications. 13, 1276.","apa":"Sahu, R., Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Arnold, G. M., Qiu, L., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2022). Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>","mla":"Sahu, Rishabh, et al. “Quantum-Enabled Operation of a Microwave-Optical Interface.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 13, 1276, Springer Nature, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2\">10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>.","ama":"Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2022;13. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2\">10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>","ieee":"R. Sahu, W. J. Hease, A. R. Rueda Sanchez, G. M. Arnold, L. Qiu, and J. M. Fink, “Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 13. Springer Nature, 2022.","short":"R. Sahu, W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, G.M. Arnold, L. Qiu, J.M. Fink, Nature Communications 13 (2022)."},"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","author":[{"last_name":"Sahu","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","first_name":"Rishabh"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","first_name":"William J","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hease, William J","last_name":"Hease"},{"first_name":"Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez"},{"full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Arnold","first_name":"Georg M","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876"},{"last_name":"Qiu","full_name":"Qiu, Liu","id":"45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac","orcid":"0000-0003-4345-4267","first_name":"Liu"},{"full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Fink","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M"}],"day":"11","scopus_import":"1","oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface","volume":13,"article_type":"original","date_created":"2022-03-27T22:01:45Z","has_accepted_license":"1","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"intvolume":"        13","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Solid-state microwave systems offer strong interactions for fast quantum logic and sensing but photons at telecom wavelength are the ideal choice for high-density low-loss quantum interconnects. A general-purpose interface that can make use of single photon effects requires < 1 input noise quanta, which has remained elusive due to either low efficiency or pump induced heating. Here we demonstrate coherent electro-optic modulation on nanosecond-timescales with only 0.16+0.02−0.01 microwave input noise photons with a total bidirectional transduction efficiency of 8.7% (or up to 15% with 0.41+0.02−0.02), as required for near-term heralded quantum network protocols. The use of short and high-power optical pump pulses also enables near-unity cooperativity of the electro-optic interaction leading to an internal pure conversion efficiency of up to 99.5%. Together with the low mode occupancy this provides evidence for electro-optic laser cooling and vacuum amplification as predicted a decade ago."}],"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"publication_identifier":{"eissn":["20411723"]},"publication_status":"published","file_date_updated":"2022-03-28T08:02:12Z","isi":1,"year":"2022","external_id":{"isi":["000767892300013"],"arxiv":["2107.08303"]},"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"12900","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"},{"id":"13175","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"}]},"project":[{"_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"758053"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"899354","name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits","_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A"},{"grant_number":"754411","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits","grant_number":"F07105"},{"name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies","grant_number":"862644","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"}],"publication":"Nature Communications","status":"public","ec_funded":1,"acknowledgement":"The authors thank S. Wald and F. Diorico for their help with optical filtering, O. Hosten\r\nand M. Aspelmeyer for equipment, H.G.L. Schwefel for materials and discussions, L.\r\nDrmic and P. Zielinski for software support, and the MIBA workshop at IST Austria for\r\nmachining the microwave cavity. This work was supported by the European Research\r\nCouncil under grant agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT) and the European\r\nUnion’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no.\r\n899354 (FETopen SuperQuLAN). W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship\r\nwith funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation\r\nprogram under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 754411. G.A. is the\r\nrecipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. J.M.F.\r\nacknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F7105)\r\nand the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs under grant\r\nagreement no. 862644 (FETopen QUARTET).","date_published":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","doi":"10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2","article_processing_charge":"No","publisher":"Springer Nature","date_updated":"2024-10-29T09:11:06Z","_id":"10924","type":"journal_article","ddc":["530"],"quality_controlled":"1"},{"type":"conference","date_created":"2022-09-11T22:01:58Z","date_updated":"2023-02-13T09:06:10Z","_id":"12088","oa_version":"None","title":"Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light","publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","doi":"10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4","author":[{"first_name":"Rishabh","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","last_name":"Sahu"},{"first_name":"William J","last_name":"Hease","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hease, William J"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","first_name":"Alfredo R","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez"},{"first_name":"Georg M","last_name":"Arnold","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac","full_name":"Qiu, Liu","last_name":"Qiu","orcid":"0000-0003-4345-4267","first_name":"Liu"},{"first_name":"Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","last_name":"Fink","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M"}],"day":"01","article_processing_charge":"No","scopus_import":"1","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781557528209"]},"quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"text":"We present a quantum-enabled microwave-telecom interface with bidirectional conversion efficiencies up to 15% and added input noise quanta as low as 0.16. Moreover, we observe evidence for electro-optic laser cooling and vacuum amplification.","lang":"eng"}],"article_number":"FW4D.4","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"month":"05","year":"2022","date_published":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","conference":{"location":"San Jose, CA, United States","name":"CLEO: QELS Fundamental Science","start_date":"2022-05-15","end_date":"2022-05-20"},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"apa":"Sahu, R., Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Arnold, G. M., Qiu, L., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2022). Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light. In <i>Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics</i>. San Jose, CA, United States: Optica Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4\">https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4</a>","mla":"Sahu, Rishabh, et al. “Realizing a Quantum-Enabled Interconnect between Microwave and Telecom Light.” <i>Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics</i>, FW4D.4, Optica Publishing Group, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4\">10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4</a>.","ista":"Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. 2022. Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. CLEO: QELS Fundamental Science, FW4D.4.","chicago":"Sahu, Rishabh, William J Hease, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Georg M Arnold, Liu Qiu, and Johannes M Fink. “Realizing a Quantum-Enabled Interconnect between Microwave and Telecom Light.” In <i>Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics</i>. Optica Publishing Group, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4\">https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4</a>.","ieee":"R. Sahu, W. J. Hease, A. R. Rueda Sanchez, G. M. Arnold, L. Qiu, and J. M. Fink, “Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light,” in <i>Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics</i>, San Jose, CA, United States, 2022.","short":"R. Sahu, W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, G.M. Arnold, L. Qiu, J.M. Fink, in:, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Optica Publishing Group, 2022.","ama":"Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light. In: <i>Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics</i>. Optica Publishing Group; 2022. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4\">10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4</a>"},"status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics"},{"ddc":["530"],"quality_controlled":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z","publisher":"Springer Nature","_id":"8529","date_updated":"2024-08-07T07:11:51Z","type":"journal_article","publication":"Nature Communications","status":"public","project":[{"_id":"257EB838-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies","grant_number":"732894"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"758053","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"754411","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies","grant_number":"862644"},{"name":"Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves to optical frequencies","_id":"2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"ec_funded":1,"date_published":"2020-09-08T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"We thank Yuan Chen for performing supplementary FEM simulations and Andrew Higginbotham, Ralf Riedinger, Sungkun Hong, and Lorenzo Magrini for valuable discussions. This work was supported by IST Austria, the IST nanofabrication facility (NFF), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 732894 (FET Proactive HOT) and the European Research Council under grant agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT). G.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 754411. J.M.F. acknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F71), a NOMIS foundation research grant, and the EU’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 862644 (FET Open QUARTET).","isi":1,"year":"2020","related_material":{"link":[{"relation":"erratum","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18912-9"},{"description":"News on IST Homepage","url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/how-to-transport-microwave-quantum-information-via-optical-fiber/","relation":"press_release"}],"record":[{"id":"13056","relation":"research_data","status":"public"}]},"external_id":{"isi":["000577280200001"]},"keyword":["General Biochemistry","Genetics and Molecular Biology","General Physics and Astronomy","General Chemistry"],"has_accepted_license":"1","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"text":"Practical quantum networks require low-loss and noise-resilient optical interconnects as well as non-Gaussian resources for entanglement distillation and distributed quantum computation. The latter could be provided by superconducting circuits but existing solutions to interface the microwave and optical domains lack either scalability or efficiency, and in most cases the conversion noise is not known. In this work we utilize the unique opportunities of silicon photonics, cavity optomechanics and superconducting circuits to demonstrate a fully integrated, coherent transducer interfacing the microwave X and the telecom S bands with a total (internal) bidirectional transduction efficiency of 1.2% (135%) at millikelvin temperatures. The coupling relies solely on the radiation pressure interaction mediated by the femtometer-scale motion of two silicon nanobeams reaching a <jats:italic>V</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>π</jats:italic></jats:sub> as low as 16 μV for sub-nanowatt pump powers. Without the associated optomechanical gain, we achieve a total (internal) pure conversion efficiency of up to 0.019% (1.6%), relevant for future noise-free operation on this qubit-compatible platform.","lang":"eng"}],"intvolume":"        11","file_date_updated":"2020-09-18T13:02:37Z","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2041-1723"]},"day":"08","author":[{"full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Arnold","first_name":"Georg M","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876"},{"first_name":"Matthias","orcid":"0000-0001-6613-1378","last_name":"Wulf","full_name":"Wulf, Matthias","id":"45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Shabir","orcid":"0000-0003-0415-1423","id":"2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Barzanjeh, Shabir","last_name":"Barzanjeh"},{"first_name":"Elena","last_name":"Redchenko","full_name":"Redchenko, Elena","id":"2C21D6E8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","first_name":"Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","first_name":"William J","full_name":"Hease, William J","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hease"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6937-5773","first_name":"Farid","last_name":"Hassani","id":"2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hassani, Farid"},{"first_name":"Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","last_name":"Fink"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface","volume":11,"date_created":"2020-09-18T10:56:20Z","article_type":"original","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"ama":"Arnold GM, Wulf M, Barzanjeh S, et al. Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2020;11. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z\">10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z</a>","ieee":"G. M. Arnold <i>et al.</i>, “Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 11. Springer Nature, 2020.","short":"G.M. Arnold, M. Wulf, S. Barzanjeh, E. Redchenko, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, W.J. Hease, F. Hassani, J.M. Fink, Nature Communications 11 (2020).","chicago":"Arnold, Georg M, Matthias Wulf, Shabir Barzanjeh, Elena Redchenko, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, William J Hease, Farid Hassani, and Johannes M Fink. “Converting Microwave and Telecom Photons with a Silicon Photonic Nanomechanical Interface.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. 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Additional raw data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request."}],"ddc":["530"],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3961562"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","publisher":"Zenodo","title":"Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.3961561","author":[{"orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","first_name":"Georg M","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Arnold"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6613-1378","first_name":"Matthias","id":"45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Wulf, Matthias","last_name":"Wulf"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-0415-1423","first_name":"Shabir","id":"2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Barzanjeh, Shabir","last_name":"Barzanjeh"},{"first_name":"Elena","id":"2C21D6E8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Redchenko, Elena","last_name":"Redchenko"},{"last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","first_name":"Alfredo R"},{"last_name":"Hease","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hease, William J","first_name":"William J","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6937-5773","first_name":"Farid","full_name":"Hassani, Farid","id":"2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hassani"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","last_name":"Fink"}],"article_processing_charge":"No","day":"27","type":"research_data_reference","date_created":"2023-05-23T13:37:41Z","date_updated":"2024-09-10T12:23:51Z","_id":"13056"},{"date_created":"2023-05-23T16:44:11Z","type":"research_data_reference","_id":"13071","date_updated":"2024-09-10T12:23:54Z","oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state","publisher":"Zenodo","day":"10","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.4266025","author":[{"last_name":"Hease","full_name":"Hease, William J","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","first_name":"William J"},{"first_name":"Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Sahu","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","first_name":"Rishabh"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6613-1378","first_name":"Matthias","full_name":"Wulf, Matthias","id":"45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Wulf"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","first_name":"Georg M","last_name":"Arnold","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Harald","full_name":"Schwefel, Harald","last_name":"Schwefel"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","last_name":"Fink"}],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4266026","open_access":"1"}],"ddc":["530"],"abstract":[{"text":"This dataset comprises all data shown in the plots of the main part of the submitted article \"Bidirectional Electro-Optic Wavelength Conversion in the Quantum Ground State\". Additional raw data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.","lang":"eng"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"month":"11","related_material":{"record":[{"id":"9114","relation":"used_in_publication","status":"public"}]},"year":"2020","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_published":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","citation":{"ama":"Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Sahu R, et al. Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state. 2020. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4266025\">10.5281/ZENODO.4266025</a>","ieee":"W. J. Hease <i>et al.</i>, “Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state.” Zenodo, 2020.","short":"W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, R. Sahu, M. Wulf, G.M. Arnold, H. 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Zenodo. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4266025\">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4266025</a>","mla":"Hease, William J., et al. <i>Bidirectional Electro-Optic Wavelength Conversion in the Quantum Ground State</i>. Zenodo, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4266025\">10.5281/ZENODO.4266025</a>."},"status":"public","oa":1},{"_id":"9114","date_updated":"2024-10-29T09:11:05Z","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315","publisher":"American Physical Society","quality_controlled":"1","ddc":["530"],"isi":1,"year":"2020","related_material":{"link":[{"url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/how-to-transport-microwave-quantum-information-via-optical-fiber/","description":"News on IST Homepage","relation":"press_release"}],"record":[{"id":"13071","relation":"research_data","status":"public"},{"id":"12900","relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public"},{"id":"13175","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"external_id":{"isi":["000674680100001"]},"ec_funded":1,"acknowledgement":"The authors acknowledge the support of T. Menner, A. Arslani, and T. Asenov from the Miba machine shop for machining the microwave cavity, and thank S. Barzanjeh, F. Sedlmeir, and C. Marquardt for fruitful discussions. This work is supported by IST Austria and the European Research Council under Grant No. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT). W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant No. 754411.\r\nG.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. J.M.F. acknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F71) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant No. 899354 (FET Open SuperQuLAN). H.G.L.S. acknowledges support from the Aotearoa/New Zealand’s MBIE Endeavour Smart Ideas Grant No UOOX1805.","date_published":"2020-11-23T00:00:00Z","status":"public","publication":"PRX Quantum","project":[{"name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"758053","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"754411","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"grant_number":"899354","name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits","grant_number":"F07105","_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves to optical frequencies"}],"volume":1,"date_created":"2021-02-12T10:41:28Z","article_type":"original","day":"23","author":[{"first_name":"William J","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hease, William J","last_name":"Hease"},{"id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","first_name":"Alfredo R"},{"first_name":"Rishabh","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","last_name":"Sahu"},{"id":"45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Wulf, Matthias","last_name":"Wulf","orcid":"0000-0001-6613-1378","first_name":"Matthias"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","first_name":"Georg M","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Arnold"},{"first_name":"Harald G.L.","full_name":"Schwefel, Harald G.L.","last_name":"Schwefel"},{"last_name":"Fink","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M"}],"title":"Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state","oa_version":"Published Version","file_date_updated":"2021-02-12T11:16:16Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2691-3399"]},"publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Microwave photonics lends the advantages of fiber optics to electronic sensing and communication systems. In contrast to nonlinear optics, electro-optic devices so far require classical modulation fields whose variance is dominated by electronic or thermal noise rather than quantum fluctuations. Here we demonstrate bidirectional single-sideband conversion of X band microwave to C band telecom light with a microwave mode occupancy as low as 0.025 ± 0.005 and an added output noise of less than or equal to 0.074 photons. This is facilitated by radiative cooling and a triply resonant ultra-low-loss transducer operating at millikelvin temperatures. The high bandwidth of 10.7 MHz and total (internal) photon conversion\r\nefficiency of 0.03% (0.67%) combined with the extremely slow heating rate of 1.1 added output noise photons per second for the highest available pump power of 1.48 mW puts near-unity efficiency pulsed quantum transduction within reach. Together with the non-Gaussian resources of superconducting qubits this might provide the practical foundation to extend the range and scope of current quantum networks in analogy to electrical repeaters in classical fiber optic communication.","lang":"eng"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"intvolume":"         1","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"file":[{"content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2020_PRXQuantum_Hease.pdf","success":1,"checksum":"b70b12ded6d7660d4c9037eb09bfed0c","relation":"main_file","date_updated":"2021-02-12T11:16:16Z","creator":"dernst","date_created":"2021-02-12T11:16:16Z","file_size":2146924,"file_id":"9115"}],"article_number":"020315","month":"11","citation":{"short":"W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, R. Sahu, M. Wulf, G.M. Arnold, H.G.L. Schwefel, J.M. Fink, PRX Quantum 1 (2020).","ieee":"W. J. Hease <i>et al.</i>, “Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state,” <i>PRX Quantum</i>, vol. 1, no. 2. American Physical Society, 2020.","ama":"Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Sahu R, et al. Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state. <i>PRX Quantum</i>. 2020;1(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315\">10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315</a>","mla":"Hease, William J., et al. “Bidirectional Electro-Optic Wavelength Conversion in the Quantum Ground State.” <i>PRX Quantum</i>, vol. 1, no. 2, 020315, American Physical Society, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315\">10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315</a>.","apa":"Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Sahu, R., Wulf, M., Arnold, G. M., Schwefel, H. G. L., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2020). Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state. <i>PRX Quantum</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315\">https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315</a>","ista":"Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Sahu R, Wulf M, Arnold GM, Schwefel HGL, Fink JM. 2020. Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state. PRX Quantum. 1(2), 020315.","chicago":"Hease, William J, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Rishabh Sahu, Matthias Wulf, Georg M Arnold, Harald G.L. Schwefel, and Johannes M Fink. “Bidirectional Electro-Optic Wavelength Conversion in the Quantum Ground State.” <i>PRX Quantum</i>. American Physical Society, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315\">https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315</a>."},"issue":"2","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"quality_controlled":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.05865"}],"page":"480-483","type":"journal_article","date_updated":"2024-08-07T07:11:54Z","_id":"6609","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/s41586-019-1320-2","article_processing_charge":"No","date_published":"2019-06-27T00:00:00Z","ec_funded":1,"project":[{"_id":"257EB838-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies","grant_number":"732894"},{"_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"758053","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"258047B6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Microwave-to-Optical Quantum Link: Quantum Teleportation and Quantum Illumination with cavity Optomechanics","grant_number":"707438"},{"_id":"2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves to optical frequencies"}],"status":"public","publication":"Nature","external_id":{"isi":["000472860000042"],"arxiv":["1809.05865"]},"year":"2019","isi":1,"publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Mechanical systems facilitate the development of a hybrid quantum technology comprising electrical, optical, atomic and acoustic degrees of freedom1, and entanglement is essential to realize quantum-enabled devices. Continuous-variable entangled fields—known as Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) states—are spatially separated two-mode squeezed states that can be used for quantum teleportation and quantum communication2. In the optical domain, EPR states are typically generated using nondegenerate optical amplifiers3, and at microwave frequencies Josephson circuits can serve as a nonlinear medium4,5,6. An outstanding goal is to deterministically generate and distribute entangled states with a mechanical oscillator, which requires a carefully arranged balance between excitation, cooling and dissipation in an ultralow noise environment. Here we observe stationary emission of path-entangled microwave radiation from a parametrically driven 30-micrometre-long silicon nanostring oscillator, squeezing the joint field operators of two thermal modes by 3.40 decibels below the vacuum level. The motion of this micromechanical system correlates up to 50 photons per second per hertz, giving rise to a quantum discord that is robust with respect to microwave noise7. Such generalized quantum correlations of separable states are important for quantum-enhanced detection8 and provide direct evidence of the non-classical nature of the mechanical oscillator without directly measuring its state9. This noninvasive measurement scheme allows to infer information about otherwise inaccessible objects, with potential implications for sensing, open-system dynamics and fundamental tests of quantum gravity. In the future, similar on-chip devices could be used to entangle subsystems on very different energy scales, such as microwave and optical photons."}],"intvolume":"       570","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"date_created":"2019-07-07T21:59:20Z","volume":570,"oa_version":"Preprint","title":"Stationary entangled radiation from micromechanical motion","author":[{"first_name":"Shabir","orcid":"0000-0003-0415-1423","last_name":"Barzanjeh","full_name":"Barzanjeh, Shabir","id":"2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Elena","last_name":"Redchenko","id":"2C21D6E8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Redchenko, Elena"},{"first_name":"Matilda","orcid":"0000-0002-3415-4628","last_name":"Peruzzo","full_name":"Peruzzo, Matilda","id":"3F920B30-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6613-1378","first_name":"Matthias","full_name":"Wulf, Matthias","id":"45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Wulf"},{"first_name":"Dylan","last_name":"Lewis","full_name":"Lewis, Dylan"},{"last_name":"Arnold","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","first_name":"Georg M"},{"id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","last_name":"Fink","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M"}],"day":"27","scopus_import":"1","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","citation":{"short":"S. Barzanjeh, E. Redchenko, M. Peruzzo, M. Wulf, D. Lewis, G.M. Arnold, J.M. Fink, Nature 570 (2019) 480–483.","ieee":"S. Barzanjeh <i>et al.</i>, “Stationary entangled radiation from micromechanical motion,” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 570. Nature Publishing Group, pp. 480–483, 2019.","ama":"Barzanjeh S, Redchenko E, Peruzzo M, et al. Stationary entangled radiation from micromechanical motion. <i>Nature</i>. 2019;570:480-483. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1320-2\">10.1038/s41586-019-1320-2</a>","mla":"Barzanjeh, Shabir, et al. “Stationary Entangled Radiation from Micromechanical Motion.” <i>Nature</i>, vol. 570, Nature Publishing Group, 2019, pp. 480–83, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1320-2\">10.1038/s41586-019-1320-2</a>.","apa":"Barzanjeh, S., Redchenko, E., Peruzzo, M., Wulf, M., Lewis, D., Arnold, G. M., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2019). Stationary entangled radiation from micromechanical motion. <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1320-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1320-2</a>","chicago":"Barzanjeh, Shabir, Elena Redchenko, Matilda Peruzzo, Matthias Wulf, Dylan Lewis, Georg M Arnold, and Johannes M Fink. “Stationary Entangled Radiation from Micromechanical Motion.” <i>Nature</i>. Nature Publishing Group, 2019. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1320-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1320-2</a>.","ista":"Barzanjeh S, Redchenko E, Peruzzo M, Wulf M, Lewis D, Arnold GM, Fink JM. 2019. Stationary entangled radiation from micromechanical motion. Nature. 570, 480–483."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"arxiv":1,"month":"06"}]