---
_id: '10606'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Cell division orientation is thought to result from a competition between
    cell geometry and polarity domains controlling the position of the mitotic spindle
    during mitosis. Depending on the level of cell shape anisotropy or the strength
    of the polarity domain, one dominates the other and determines the orientation
    of the spindle. Whether and how such competition is also at work to determine
    unequal cell division (UCD), producing daughter cells of different size, remains
    unclear. Here, we show that cell geometry and polarity domains cooperate, rather
    than compete, in positioning the cleavage plane during UCDs in early ascidian
    embryos. We found that the UCDs and their orientation at the ascidian third cleavage
    rely on the spindle tilting in an anisotropic cell shape, and cortical polarity
    domains exerting different effects on spindle astral microtubules. By systematically
    varying mitotic cell shape, we could modulate the effect of attractive and repulsive
    polarity domains and consequently generate predicted daughter cell size asymmetries
    and position. We therefore propose that the spindle position during UCD is set
    by the combined activities of cell geometry and polarity domains, where cell geometry
    modulates the effect of cortical polarity domain(s).
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: NanoFab
- _id: Bio
acknowledgement: 'We thank members of the Heisenberg and McDougall groups for technical
  advice and discussion. We are grateful to the Bioimaging and Nanofabrication facilities
  of IST Austria and the Imaging Platform (PIM) and animal facility (CRB) of Institut
  de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), which is supported by EMBRC-France, whose French
  state funds are managed by the ANR within the Investments of the Future program
  under reference ANR-10-INBS-0, for continuous support. This work was supported by
  a collaborative grant from the French Government funding agency Agence National
  de la Recherche to McDougall (ANR ''MorCell'': ANR-17-CE 13-0028) and the Austrian
  Science Fund to Heisenberg (FWF: I 3601-B27).'
article_number: e75639
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Benoit G
  full_name: Godard, Benoit G
  id: 33280250-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Godard
- first_name: Remi
  full_name: Dumollard, Remi
  last_name: Dumollard
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
  full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
  id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Heisenberg
  orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
- first_name: Alex
  full_name: Mcdougall, Alex
  last_name: Mcdougall
citation:
  ama: Godard BG, Dumollard R, Heisenberg C-PJ, Mcdougall A. Combined effect of cell
    geometry and polarity domains determines the orientation of unequal division.
    <i>eLife</i>. 2021;10. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.75639">10.7554/eLife.75639</a>
  apa: Godard, B. G., Dumollard, R., Heisenberg, C.-P. J., &#38; Mcdougall, A. (2021).
    Combined effect of cell geometry and polarity domains determines the orientation
    of unequal division. <i>ELife</i>. eLife Sciences Publications. <a href="https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.75639">https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.75639</a>
  chicago: Godard, Benoit G, Remi Dumollard, Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg, and Alex Mcdougall.
    “Combined Effect of Cell Geometry and Polarity Domains Determines the Orientation
    of Unequal Division.” <i>ELife</i>. eLife Sciences Publications, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.75639">https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.75639</a>.
  ieee: B. G. Godard, R. Dumollard, C.-P. J. Heisenberg, and A. Mcdougall, “Combined
    effect of cell geometry and polarity domains determines the orientation of unequal
    division,” <i>eLife</i>, vol. 10. eLife Sciences Publications, 2021.
  ista: Godard BG, Dumollard R, Heisenberg C-PJ, Mcdougall A. 2021. Combined effect
    of cell geometry and polarity domains determines the orientation of unequal division.
    eLife. 10, e75639.
  mla: Godard, Benoit G., et al. “Combined Effect of Cell Geometry and Polarity Domains
    Determines the Orientation of Unequal Division.” <i>ELife</i>, vol. 10, e75639,
    eLife Sciences Publications, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.75639">10.7554/eLife.75639</a>.
  short: B.G. Godard, R. Dumollard, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, A. Mcdougall, ELife 10 (2021).
date_created: 2022-01-09T23:01:26Z
date_published: 2021-12-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-17T06:32:44Z
day: '21'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: CaHe
doi: 10.7554/eLife.75639
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000733610100001'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 759c7a873d554c48a6639e6350746ca6
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: alisjak
  date_created: 2022-01-10T09:40:37Z
  date_updated: 2022-01-10T09:40:37Z
  file_id: '10611'
  file_name: 2021_eLife_Godard.pdf
  file_size: 7769934
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2022-01-10T09:40:37Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        10'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 2646861A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: I03601
  name: Control of embryonic cleavage pattern
publication: eLife
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2050-084X
publication_status: published
publisher: eLife Sciences Publications
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Combined effect of cell geometry and polarity domains determines the orientation
  of unequal division
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 10
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '8957'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Global tissue tension anisotropy has been shown to trigger stereotypical cell
    division orientation by elongating mitotic cells along the main tension axis.
    Yet, how tissue tension elongates mitotic cells despite those cells undergoing
    mitotic rounding (MR) by globally upregulating cortical actomyosin tension remains
    unclear. We addressed this question by taking advantage of ascidian embryos, consisting
    of a small number of interphasic and mitotic blastomeres and displaying an invariant
    division pattern. We found that blastomeres undergo MR by locally relaxing cortical
    tension at their apex, thereby allowing extrinsic pulling forces from neighboring
    interphasic blastomeres to polarize their shape and thus division orientation.
    Consistently, interfering with extrinsic forces by reducing the contractility
    of interphasic blastomeres or disrupting the establishment of asynchronous mitotic
    domains leads to aberrant mitotic cell division orientations. Thus, apical relaxation
    during MR constitutes a key mechanism by which tissue tension anisotropy controls
    stereotypical cell division orientation.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: Bio
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: 'We thank members of the Heisenberg and McDougall groups for technical
  advice and discussion, Hitoyoshi Yasuo for sharing lab equipment, Lucas Leclère
  and Hitoyoshi Yasuo for their comments on a preliminary version of the manuscript,
  and Philippe Dru for the Rose plots. We are grateful to the Bioimaging and Nanofabrication
  facilities of IST Austria and the Imaging Platform (PIM) and animal facility (CRB)
  of Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), which is supported by EMBRC-France,
  whose French state funds are managed by the ANR within the Investments of the Future
  program under reference ANR-10-INBS-0, for continuous support. This work was supported
  by a grant from the French Government funding agency Agence National de la Recherche
  (ANR “MorCell”: ANR-17-CE 13-002 8).'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Benoit G
  full_name: Godard, Benoit G
  id: 33280250-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Godard
- first_name: Rémi
  full_name: Dumollard, Rémi
  last_name: Dumollard
- first_name: Edwin
  full_name: Munro, Edwin
  last_name: Munro
- first_name: Janet
  full_name: Chenevert, Janet
  last_name: Chenevert
- first_name: Céline
  full_name: Hebras, Céline
  last_name: Hebras
- first_name: Alex
  full_name: Mcdougall, Alex
  last_name: Mcdougall
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
  full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
  id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Heisenberg
  orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
citation:
  ama: Godard BG, Dumollard R, Munro E, et al. Apical relaxation during mitotic rounding
    promotes tension-oriented cell division. <i>Developmental Cell</i>. 2020;55(6):695-706.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.016">10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.016</a>
  apa: Godard, B. G., Dumollard, R., Munro, E., Chenevert, J., Hebras, C., Mcdougall,
    A., &#38; Heisenberg, C.-P. J. (2020). Apical relaxation during mitotic rounding
    promotes tension-oriented cell division. <i>Developmental Cell</i>. Elsevier.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.016">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.016</a>
  chicago: Godard, Benoit G, Rémi Dumollard, Edwin Munro, Janet Chenevert, Céline
    Hebras, Alex Mcdougall, and Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg. “Apical Relaxation during
    Mitotic Rounding Promotes Tension-Oriented Cell Division.” <i>Developmental Cell</i>.
    Elsevier, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.016">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.016</a>.
  ieee: B. G. Godard <i>et al.</i>, “Apical relaxation during mitotic rounding promotes
    tension-oriented cell division,” <i>Developmental Cell</i>, vol. 55, no. 6. Elsevier,
    pp. 695–706, 2020.
  ista: Godard BG, Dumollard R, Munro E, Chenevert J, Hebras C, Mcdougall A, Heisenberg
    C-PJ. 2020. Apical relaxation during mitotic rounding promotes tension-oriented
    cell division. Developmental Cell. 55(6), 695–706.
  mla: Godard, Benoit G., et al. “Apical Relaxation during Mitotic Rounding Promotes
    Tension-Oriented Cell Division.” <i>Developmental Cell</i>, vol. 55, no. 6, Elsevier,
    2020, pp. 695–706, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.016">10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.016</a>.
  short: B.G. Godard, R. Dumollard, E. Munro, J. Chenevert, C. Hebras, A. Mcdougall,
    C.-P.J. Heisenberg, Developmental Cell 55 (2020) 695–706.
date_created: 2020-12-20T23:01:19Z
date_published: 2020-12-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-24T11:01:22Z
day: '21'
department:
- _id: CaHe
doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.016
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000600665700008'
  pmid:
  - '33207225'
intvolume: '        55'
isi: 1
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa_version: None
page: 695-706
pmid: 1
publication: Developmental Cell
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - '18781551'
  issn:
  - '15345807'
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - description: News on IST Homepage
    relation: press_release
    url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/relaxing-cell-divisions/
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Apical relaxation during mitotic rounding promotes tension-oriented cell division
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 55
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '6631'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The spatiotemporal organization of cell divisions constitutes an integral
    part in the development of multicellular organisms, and mis-regulation of cell
    divisions can lead to severe developmental defects. Cell divisions have an important
    morphogenetic function in development by regulating growth and shape acquisition
    of developing tissues, and, conversely, tissue morphogenesis is known to affect
    both the rate and orientation of cell divisions. Moreover, cell divisions are
    associated with an extensive reorganization of the cytoskeleton and adhesion apparatus
    in the dividing cells that in turn can affect large-scale tissue rheological properties.
    Thus, the interplay between cell divisions and tissue morphogenesis plays a key
    role in embryo and tissue morphogenesis.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Benoit G
  full_name: Godard, Benoit G
  id: 33280250-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Godard
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
  full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
  id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Heisenberg
  orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
citation:
  ama: Godard BG, Heisenberg C-PJ. Cell division and tissue mechanics. <i>Current
    Opinion in Cell Biology</i>. 2019;60:114-120. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2019.05.007">10.1016/j.ceb.2019.05.007</a>
  apa: Godard, B. G., &#38; Heisenberg, C.-P. J. (2019). Cell division and tissue
    mechanics. <i>Current Opinion in Cell Biology</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2019.05.007">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2019.05.007</a>
  chicago: Godard, Benoit G, and Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg. “Cell Division and Tissue
    Mechanics.” <i>Current Opinion in Cell Biology</i>. Elsevier, 2019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2019.05.007">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2019.05.007</a>.
  ieee: B. G. Godard and C.-P. J. Heisenberg, “Cell division and tissue mechanics,”
    <i>Current Opinion in Cell Biology</i>, vol. 60. Elsevier, pp. 114–120, 2019.
  ista: Godard BG, Heisenberg C-PJ. 2019. Cell division and tissue mechanics. Current
    Opinion in Cell Biology. 60, 114–120.
  mla: Godard, Benoit G., and Carl-Philipp J. Heisenberg. “Cell Division and Tissue
    Mechanics.” <i>Current Opinion in Cell Biology</i>, vol. 60, Elsevier, 2019, pp.
    114–20, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2019.05.007">10.1016/j.ceb.2019.05.007</a>.
  short: B.G. Godard, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, Current Opinion in Cell Biology 60 (2019)
    114–120.
date_created: 2019-07-14T21:59:17Z
date_published: 2019-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-29T06:33:14Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: CaHe
doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.05.007
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000486545800016'
intvolume: '        60'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: None
page: 114-120
publication: Current Opinion in Cell Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0955-0674
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Cell division and tissue mechanics
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 60
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '6987'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Cells are arranged into species-specific patterns during early embryogenesis.
    Such cell division patterns are important since they often reflect the distribution
    of localized cortical factors from eggs/fertilized eggs to specific cells as well
    as the emergence of organismal form. However, it has proven difficult to reveal
    the mechanisms that underlie the emergence of cell positioning patterns that underlie
    embryonic shape, likely because a systems-level approach is required that integrates
    cell biological, genetic, developmental, and mechanical parameters. The choice
    of organism to address such questions is also important. Because ascidians display
    the most extreme form of invariant cleavage pattern among the metazoans, we have
    been analyzing the cell biological mechanisms that underpin three aspects of cell
    division (unequal cell division (UCD), oriented cell division (OCD), and asynchronous
    cell cycles) which affect the overall shape of the blastula-stage ascidian embryo
    composed of 64 cells. In ascidians, UCD creates two small cells at the 16-cell
    stage that in turn undergo two further successive rounds of UCD. Starting at the
    16-cell stage, the cell cycle becomes asynchronous, whereby the vegetal half divides
    before the animal half, thus creating 24-, 32-, 44-, and then 64-cell stages.
    Perturbing either UCD or the alternate cell division rhythm perturbs cell position.
    We propose that dynamic cell shape changes propagate throughout the embryo via
    cell-cell contacts to create the ascidian-specific invariant cleavage pattern.
alternative_title:
- RESULTS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Alex
  full_name: McDougall, Alex
  last_name: McDougall
- first_name: Janet
  full_name: Chenevert, Janet
  last_name: Chenevert
- first_name: Benoit G
  full_name: Godard, Benoit G
  id: 33280250-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Godard
- first_name: Remi
  full_name: Dumollard, Remi
  last_name: Dumollard
citation:
  ama: 'McDougall A, Chenevert J, Godard BG, Dumollard R. Emergence of embryo shape
    during cleavage divisions. In: Tworzydlo W, Bilinski SM, eds. <i>Evo-Devo: Non-Model
    Species in Cell and Developmental Biology</i>. Vol 68. Springer Nature; 2019:127-154.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23459-1_6">10.1007/978-3-030-23459-1_6</a>'
  apa: 'McDougall, A., Chenevert, J., Godard, B. G., &#38; Dumollard, R. (2019). Emergence
    of embryo shape during cleavage divisions. In W. Tworzydlo &#38; S. M. Bilinski
    (Eds.), <i>Evo-Devo: Non-model species in cell and developmental biology</i> (Vol.
    68, pp. 127–154). Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23459-1_6">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23459-1_6</a>'
  chicago: 'McDougall, Alex, Janet Chenevert, Benoit G Godard, and Remi Dumollard.
    “Emergence of Embryo Shape during Cleavage Divisions.” In <i>Evo-Devo: Non-Model
    Species in Cell and Developmental Biology</i>, edited by Waclaw Tworzydlo and
    Szczepan M. Bilinski, 68:127–54. Springer Nature, 2019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23459-1_6">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23459-1_6</a>.'
  ieee: 'A. McDougall, J. Chenevert, B. G. Godard, and R. Dumollard, “Emergence of
    embryo shape during cleavage divisions,” in <i>Evo-Devo: Non-model species in
    cell and developmental biology</i>, vol. 68, W. Tworzydlo and S. M. Bilinski,
    Eds. Springer Nature, 2019, pp. 127–154.'
  ista: 'McDougall A, Chenevert J, Godard BG, Dumollard R. 2019.Emergence of embryo
    shape during cleavage divisions. In: Evo-Devo: Non-model species in cell and developmental
    biology. RESULTS, vol. 68, 127–154.'
  mla: 'McDougall, Alex, et al. “Emergence of Embryo Shape during Cleavage Divisions.”
    <i>Evo-Devo: Non-Model Species in Cell and Developmental Biology</i>, edited by
    Waclaw Tworzydlo and Szczepan M. Bilinski, vol. 68, Springer Nature, 2019, pp.
    127–54, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23459-1_6">10.1007/978-3-030-23459-1_6</a>.'
  short: 'A. McDougall, J. Chenevert, B.G. Godard, R. Dumollard, in:, W. Tworzydlo,
    S.M. Bilinski (Eds.), Evo-Devo: Non-Model Species in Cell and Developmental Biology,
    Springer Nature, 2019, pp. 127–154.'
date_created: 2019-11-04T16:20:19Z
date_published: 2019-10-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-05T15:01:12Z
day: '10'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: CaHe
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-23459-1_6
editor:
- first_name: Waclaw
  full_name: Tworzydlo, Waclaw
  last_name: Tworzydlo
- first_name: Szczepan M.
  full_name: Bilinski, Szczepan M.
  last_name: Bilinski
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '31598855'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 7f43e1e3706d15061475c5c57efc2786
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2020-05-14T10:09:30Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:46Z
  file_id: '7829'
  file_name: 2019_RESULTS_McDougall.pdf
  file_size: 19317348
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:46Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        68'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: 127-154
pmid: 1
publication: 'Evo-Devo: Non-model species in cell and developmental biology'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1861-0412
  isbn:
  - '9783030234584'
  - '9783030234591'
  issn:
  - 0080-1844
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Emergence of embryo shape during cleavage divisions
type: book_chapter
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 68
year: '2019'
...