@article{10735,
  abstract     = {Magnetic anisotropy in strontium iridate (Sr2IrO4) is essential because of its strong spin–orbit coupling and crystal field effect. In this paper, we present a detailed mapping of the out-of-plane (OOP) magnetic anisotropy in Sr2IrO4 for different sample orientations using torque magnetometry measurements in the low-magnetic-field region before the isospins are completely ordered. Dominant in-plane anisotropy was identified at low fields, confirming the b axis as an easy magnetization axis. Based on the fitting analysis of the strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, we observed that the main anisotropic effect arises from a spin–orbit-coupled magnetic exchange interaction affecting the OOP interaction. The effect of interlayer exchange interaction results in additional anisotropic terms owing to the tilting of the isospins. The results are relevant for understanding OOP magnetic anisotropy and provide a new way to analyze the effects of spin–orbit-coupling and interlayer magnetic exchange interactions. This study provides insight into the understanding of bulk magnetic, magnetotransport, and spintronic behavior on Sr2IrO4 for future studies.},
  author       = {Nauman, Muhammad and Hussain, Tayyaba and Choi, Joonyoung and Lee, Nara and Choi, Young Jai and Kang, Woun and Jo, Younjung},
  issn         = {1361-648X},
  journal      = {Journal of physics: Condensed matter},
  number       = {13},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{Low-field magnetic anisotropy of Sr2IrO4}},
  doi          = {10.1088/1361-648X/ac484d},
  volume       = {34},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{10584,
  abstract     = {Electrically tunable lenses (ETLs) are those with the ability to alter their optical power in response to an electric signal. This feature allows such systems to not only image the areas of interest but also obtain spatial depth perception (depth of field, DOF). The aim of the present study was to develop an ETL-based imaging system for quantitative surface analysis. Firstly, the system was calibrated to achieve high depth resolution, warranting the accurate measurement of the depth and to account for and correct any influences from external factors on the ETL. This was completed using the Tenengrad operator which effectively identified the plane of best focus as demonstrated by the linear relationship between the control current applied to the ETL and the height at which the optical system focuses. The system was then employed to measure amplitude, spatial, hybrid, and volume surface texture parameters of a model material (pharmaceutical dosage form) which were validated against the parameters obtained using a previously validated surface texture analysis technique, optical profilometry. There were no statistically significant differences between the surface texture parameters measured by the techniques, highlighting the potential application of ETL-based imaging systems as an easily adaptable and low-cost alternative surface texture analysis technique to conventional microscopy techniques},
  author       = {Nirwan, Jorabar Singh and Lou, Shan and Hussain, Saqib and Nauman, Muhammad and Hussain, Tariq and Conway, Barbara R. and Ghori, Muhammad Usman},
  issn         = {2072-666X},
  journal      = {Micromachines},
  keywords     = {surface texture, electrically tunable lens, materials, hypromellose, surface topography, surface roughness, pharmaceutical tablet, variable focus imaging},
  number       = {1},
  publisher    = {MDPI},
  title        = {{Electrically tunable lens (ETL) - based variable focus imaging system for parametric surface texture analysis of materials}},
  doi          = {10.3390/mi13010017},
  volume       = {13},
  year         = {2022},
}

@article{9282,
  abstract     = {Several Ising-type magnetic van der Waals (vdW) materials exhibit stable magnetic ground states. Despite these clear experimental demonstrations, a complete theoretical and microscopic understanding of their magnetic anisotropy is still lacking. In particular, the validity limit of identifying their one-dimensional (1-D) Ising nature has remained uninvestigated in a quantitative way. Here we performed the complete mapping of magnetic anisotropy for a prototypical Ising vdW magnet FePS3 for the first time. Combining torque magnetometry measurements with their magnetostatic model analysis and the relativistic density functional total energy calculations, we successfully constructed the three-dimensional (3-D) mappings of the magnetic anisotropy in terms of magnetic torque and energy. The results not only quantitatively confirm that the easy axis is perpendicular to the ab plane, but also reveal the anisotropies within the ab, ac, and bc planes. Our approach can be applied to the detailed quantitative study of magnetism in vdW materials.},
  author       = {Nauman, Muhammad and Kiem, Do Hoon and Lee, Sungmin and Son, Suhan and Park, J-G and Kang, Woun and Han, Myung Joon and Jo, Youn Jung},
  issn         = {2053-1583},
  journal      = {2D Materials},
  keywords     = {Mechanical Engineering, General Materials Science, Mechanics of Materials, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics},
  number       = {3},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{Complete mapping of magnetic anisotropy for prototype Ising van der Waals FePS3}},
  doi          = {10.1088/2053-1583/abeed3},
  volume       = {8},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{9569,
  abstract     = {We report the synthesis and characterization of graphene functionalized with iron (Fe3+) oxide (G-Fe3O4) nanohybrids for radio-frequency magnetic hyperthermia application. We adopted the wet chemical procedure, using various contents of Fe3O4 (magnetite) from 0–100% for making two-dimensional graphene–Fe3O4 nanohybrids. The homogeneous dispersal of Fe3O4 nanoparticles decorated on the graphene surface combined with their biocompatibility and high thermal conductivity make them an excellent material for magnetic hyperthermia. The morphological and magnetic properties of the nanohybrids were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The smart magnetic platforms were exposed to an alternating current (AC) magnetic field of 633 kHz and of strength 9.1 mT for studying their hyperthermic performance. The localized antitumor effects were investigated with artificial neural network modeling. A neural net time-series model was developed for the assessment of the best nanohybrid composition to serve the purpose with an accuracy close to 100%. Six Nonlinear Autoregressive with External Input (NARX) models were obtained, one for each of the components. The assessment of the accuracy of the predicted results has been done on the basis of Mean Squared Error (MSE). The highest Mean Squared Error value was obtained for the nanohybrid containing 45% magnetite and 55% graphene (F45G55) in the training phase i.e., 0.44703, which is where the model achieved optimal results after 71 epochs. The F45G55 nanohybrid was found to be the best for hyperthermia applications in low dosage with the highest specific absorption rate (SAR) and mean squared error values.},
  author       = {Dar, M. S. and Akram, Khush Bakhat and Sohail, Ayesha and Arif, Fatima and Zabihi, Fatemeh and Yang, Shengyuan and Munir, Shamsa and Zhu, Meifang and Abid, M. and Nauman, Muhammad},
  issn         = {2046-2069},
  journal      = {RSC Advances},
  number       = {35},
  pages        = {21702--21715},
  publisher    = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
  title        = {{Heat induction in two-dimensional graphene–Fe3O4 nanohybrids for magnetic hyperthermia applications with artificial neural network modeling}},
  doi          = {10.1039/d1ra03428f},
  volume       = {11},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{10586,
  abstract     = {A facile approach for developing an interfacial solar evaporator by heat localization of solar-thermal energy conversion at water-air liquid composed by in-situ polymerization of Fe2O3 nanoparticles (Fe2O3@PPy) deposited over a facial sponge is proposed. The demonstrated system consists of a floating solar receiver having a vertically cross-linked microchannel for wicking up saline water. The in situ polymerized Fe2O3@PPy interfacial layer promotes diffuse reflection and its rough black surface allows Omni-directional solar absorption (94%) and facilitates efficient thermal localization at the water/air interface and offers a defect-rich surface to promote heat localization (41.9 °C) and excellent thermal management due to cellulosic content. The self-floating composite foam reveals continuous vapors generation at a rate of 1.52 kg m−2 h−1 under one 1 kW m−2 and profound evaporating efficiency (95%) without heat losses that dissipates in its surroundings. Indeed, long-term evaporation experiments reveal the negligible disparity in continuous evaporation rate (33.84 kg m−2/8.3 h) receiving two sun solar intensity, and ensures the stability of the device under intense seawater conditions synchronized with excellent salt rejection potential. More importantly, Raman spectroscopy investigation validates the orange dye rejection via Fe2O3@PPy solar evaporator. The combined advantages of high efficiency, self-floating capability, multimedia rejection, low cost, and this configuration are promising for producing large-scale solar steam generating systems appropriate for commercial clean water yield due to their scalable fabrication.},
  author       = {Lu, Yuzheng and Arshad, Naila and Irshad, Muhammad Sultan and Ahmed, Iftikhar and Ahmad, Shafiq and Alshahrani, Lina Abdullah and Yousaf, Muhammad and Sayed, Abdelaty Edrees and Nauman, Muhammad},
  issn         = {2073-4352},
  journal      = {Crystals},
  number       = {12},
  publisher    = {MDPI},
  title        = {{Fe2O3 nanoparticles deposited over self-floating facial sponge for facile interfacial seawater solar desalination}},
  doi          = {10.3390/cryst11121509},
  volume       = {11},
  year         = {2021},
}

@article{9067,
  abstract     = {Gadolinium silicide (Gd5Si4) nanoparticles are an interesting class of materials due to their high magnetization, low Curie temperature, low toxicity in biological environments and their multifunctional properties. We report the magnetic and magnetothermal properties of gadolinium silicide (Gd5Si4) nanoparticles prepared by surfactant-assisted ball milling of arc melted bulk ingots of the compound. Using different milling times and speeds, a wide range of crystallite sizes (13–43 nm) could be produced and a reduction in Curie temperature (TC) from 340 K to 317 K was achieved, making these nanoparticles suitable for self-controlled magnetic hyperthermia applications. The magnetothermal effect was measured in applied AC magnetic fields of amplitude 164–239 Oe and frequencies 163–519 kHz. All particles showed magnetic heating with a strong dependence of the specific absorption rate (SAR) on the average crystallite size. The highest SAR of 3.7 W g−1 was measured for 43 nm sized nanoparticles of Gd5Si4. The high SAR and low TC, (within the therapeutic range for magnetothermal therapy) makes the Gd5Si4 behave like self-regulating heat switches that would be suitable for self-controlled magnetic hyperthermia applications after biocompatibility and cytotoxicity tests.},
  author       = {Nauman, Muhammad and Alnasir, Muhammad Hisham and Hamayun, Muhammad Asif and Wang, YiXu and Shatruk, Michael and Manzoor, Sadia},
  issn         = {2046-2069},
  journal      = {RSC Advances},
  keywords     = {General Chemistry, General Chemical Engineering},
  number       = {47},
  pages        = {28383--28389},
  publisher    = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
  title        = {{Size-dependent magnetic and magnetothermal properties of gadolinium silicide nanoparticles}},
  doi          = {10.1039/d0ra05394e},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{9069,
  abstract     = {In the quest for alternate and efficient electrode materials, ternary metal electrocatalysts (TMEs), part of the perovskite family, were synthesized and tested for methanol electro-oxidation in alkaline media. La0.5Ca0.5MO3 (M = Ni, Co, or Mn) was synthesized via sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the perovskite crystal structure possesses characteristic sharp and crystalline peaks for all synthesized ternary electrocatalysts. The average particle size calculated using Debye–Scherrer equation was in the order of La0.5Ca0.5NiO3 (LCNO) > La0.5Ca0.5CoO3 (LCCO)> La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 (LCMO). The elemental composition of as prepared sample, LCCO was investigated via x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The qualitative and quantitative analysis revealed the presence of La, Ca and Co in parent crystal structure with percentage compositions of 9.0, 3.12 and 87.82% respectively. The particle size distribution was homogenous, as determined by scanning electron and transmission electron microscopes. The electrocatalytic activity of the synthesized ternary electrocatalysts was studied electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry. The calculated diffusion coefficient values showed that electrode surface of LCNO and LCCO have limited efficiency for diffusion related phenomenon. The heterogeneous rate constants inferred better electrode kinetics of LCCO and LCNO which exhibited good electrocatalytic behavior; sharp anodic peaks were observed in the potential range of +0.3 to 0.6 V and +0.6 to 0.8 V, respectively. Methanol electro-oxidation was found minimal in case of LCMO sample. We have observed that Co substitution at B-site of perovskite electrode materials attains better electrochemical properties, thus in relation with reported literature.},
  author       = {Hussain, Tayyaba and Nauman, Muhammad and Sabahat, Sana and Arif, Saira},
  issn         = {2053-1591},
  journal      = {Materials Research Express},
  keywords     = {Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Polymers and Plastics, Metals and Alloys, Biomaterials},
  number       = {12},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing},
  title        = {{Synthesis of ternary electrocatalysts for exploration of methanol electro-oxidation in alkaline media}},
  doi          = {10.1088/2053-1591/ab6886},
  volume       = {6},
  year         = {2020},
}

@article{9066,
  abstract     = {The novel electronic state of the canted antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulator, strontium iridate (Sr2IrO4) has been well described by the spin-orbit-entangled isospin Jeff = 1/2, but the role of isospin in transport phenomena remains poorly understood. In this study, antiferromagnet-based spintronic functionality is demonstrated by combining unique characteristics of the isospin state in Sr2IrO4. Based on magnetic and transport measurements, large and highly anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) is obtained by manipulating the antiferromagnetic isospin domains. First-principles calculations suggest that electrons whose isospin directions are strongly coupled to in-plane net magnetic moment encounter the isospin mismatch when moving across antiferromagnetic domain boundaries, which generates a high resistance state. By rotating a magnetic field that aligns in-plane net moments and removes domain boundaries, the macroscopically-ordered isospins govern dynamic transport through the system, which leads to the extremely angle-sensitive AMR. As with this work that establishes a link between isospins and magnetotransport in strongly spin-orbit-coupled AFM Sr2IrO4, the peculiar AMR effect provides a beneficial foundation for fundamental and applied research on AFM spintronics.},
  author       = {Lee, Nara and Ko, Eunjung and Choi, Hwan Young and Hong, Yun Jeong and Nauman, Muhammad and Kang, Woun and Choi, Hyoung Joon and Choi, Young Jai and Jo, Younjung},
  issn         = {0935-9648},
  journal      = {Advanced Materials},
  keywords     = {Mechanical Engineering, General Materials Science, Mechanics of Materials},
  number       = {52},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{Antiferromagnet‐based spintronic functionality by controlling isospin domains in a layered perovskite iridate}},
  doi          = {10.1002/adma.201805564},
  volume       = {30},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{9068,
  abstract     = {We report the temperature-dependent resistivity ρ(T) of chalcogenide NiS2-xSex (x = 0.1) using hydrostatic pressure as a control parameter in the temperature range of 4–300 K. The insulating behavior of ρ(T) survives at low temperatures in the pressure regime below 7.5 kbar, whereas a clear insulator-to-metallic transition is observed above 7.5 kbar. Two types of magnetic transitions, from the paramagnetic (PM) to the antiferromagnetic (AFM) state and from the AFM state to the weak ferromagnetic (WF) state, were evaluated and confirmed by magnetization measurement. According to the temperature–pressure phase diagram, the WF phase survives up to 7.5 kbar, and the transition temperature of the WF transition decreases as the pressure increases, whereas the metal–insulator transition temperature increases up to 9.4 kbar. We analyzed the metallic behavior and proposed Fermi-liquid behavior of NiS1.9Se0.1.},
  author       = {Hussain, Tayyaba and Oh, Myeong-jun and Nauman, Muhammad and Jo, Younjung and Han, Garam and Kim, Changyoung and Kang, Woun},
  issn         = {0921-4526},
  journal      = {Physica B: Condensed Matter},
  pages        = {235--238},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Pressure-induced metal–insulator transitions in chalcogenide NiS2-Se}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.physb.2017.11.032},
  volume       = {536},
  year         = {2018},
}

@article{9065,
  abstract     = {Magnetic anisotropy in strontium iridate (Sr2IrO4) is found to be large because of the strong spin-orbit interactions. In our work, we studied the in-plane magnetic anisotropy of Sr2IrO4 and traced the anisotropic exchange interactions between the isospins in the crystal. The magnetic-field-dependent torque τ(H) showed a prominent transition from the canted antiferromagnetic state to the weak ferromagnetic (WFM) state. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to examine the isotropic and anisotropic regimes and probe the easy magnetization axis along the a b plane. The angle-dependent torque τ(θ) revealed a deviation from the sinusoidal behavior, and small differences in hysteresis were observed around 0° and 90° in the low-magnetic-field regime. This indicates that the orientation of the easy axis of the FM component is along the b axis, where the antiferromagnetic to WFM spin-flop transition occurs. We compared the coefficients of the magnetic susceptibility tensors and captured the anisotropy of the material. The in-plane τ(θ) revealed a tendency toward isotropic behavior for fields with values above the field value of the WFM transition.},
  author       = {Nauman, Muhammad and Hong, Yunjeong and Hussain, Tayyaba and Seo, M. S. and Park, S. Y. and Lee, N. and Choi, Y. J. and Kang, Woun and Jo, Younjung},
  issn         = {2469-9950},
  journal      = {Physical Review B},
  number       = {15},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{In-plane magnetic anisotropy in strontium iridate Sr2IrO4}},
  doi          = {10.1103/physrevb.96.155102},
  volume       = {96},
  year         = {2017},
}