--- _id: '14885' abstract: - lang: eng text: The near-surface boundary layer can mediate the response of mountain glaciers to external climate, cooling the overlying air and promoting a density-driven glacier wind. The fundamental processes are conceptually well understood, though the magnitudes of cooling and presence of glacier winds are poorly quantified in space and time, increasing the forcing uncertainty for melt models. We utilize a new data set of on-glacier meteorological measurements on three neighboring glaciers in the Swiss Alps to explore their distinct response to regional climate under the extreme 2022 summer. We find that synoptic wind origins and local terrain modifications, not only glacier size, play an important role in the ability of a glacier to cool the near-surface air. Warm air intrusions from valley or synoptically-driven winds onto the glacier can occur between ∼19% and 64% of the time and contribute between 3% and 81% of the total sensible heat flux to the surface during warm afternoon hours, depending on the fetch of the glacier flowline and its susceptibility to boundary layer erosion. In the context of extreme summer warmth, indicative of future conditions, the boundary layer cooling (up to 6.5°C cooler than its surroundings) and resultant katabatic wind flow are highly heterogeneous between the study glaciers, highlighting the complex and likely non-linear response of glaciers to an uncertain future. acknowledgement: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101026058. The authors acknowledge the invaluable field assistance of Marta Corrà, Achille Jouberton, Marin Kneib, Stefan Fugger, Celine Ducret and Alexander Groos. The authors would also like to thank Luca Carturan for advice regarding AWS setup and maintenance and Simone Fatichi for provision and support in the use of the Tethys-Chloris model. Open access funding provided by ETH-Bereich Forschungsanstalten. article_number: e2023JD040214 article_processing_charge: Yes (in subscription journal) article_type: original author: - first_name: Thomas full_name: Shaw, Thomas id: 3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e last_name: Shaw orcid: 0000-0001-7640-6152 - first_name: Pascal full_name: Buri, Pascal id: 317987aa-9421-11ee-ac5a-b941b041abba last_name: Buri - first_name: Michael full_name: Mccarthy, Michael id: 22a2674a-61ce-11ee-94b5-d18813baf16f last_name: Mccarthy - first_name: Evan S. full_name: Miles, Evan S. last_name: Miles - first_name: Francesca full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70 last_name: Pellicciotti orcid: 0000-0002-5554-8087 citation: ama: 'Shaw T, Buri P, McCarthy M, Miles ES, Pellicciotti F. Local controls on near-surface glacier cooling under warm atmospheric conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2024;129(2). doi:10.1029/2023JD040214' apa: 'Shaw, T., Buri, P., McCarthy, M., Miles, E. S., & Pellicciotti, F. (2024). Local controls on near-surface glacier cooling under warm atmospheric conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD040214' chicago: 'Shaw, Thomas, Pascal Buri, Michael McCarthy, Evan S. Miles, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Local Controls on Near-Surface Glacier Cooling under Warm Atmospheric Conditions.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. Wiley, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD040214.' ieee: 'T. Shaw, P. Buri, M. McCarthy, E. S. Miles, and F. Pellicciotti, “Local controls on near-surface glacier cooling under warm atmospheric conditions,” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 129, no. 2. Wiley, 2024.' ista: 'Shaw T, Buri P, McCarthy M, Miles ES, Pellicciotti F. 2024. Local controls on near-surface glacier cooling under warm atmospheric conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 129(2), e2023JD040214.' mla: 'Shaw, Thomas, et al. “Local Controls on Near-Surface Glacier Cooling under Warm Atmospheric Conditions.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 129, no. 2, e2023JD040214, Wiley, 2024, doi:10.1029/2023JD040214.' short: 'T. Shaw, P. Buri, M. McCarthy, E.S. Miles, F. Pellicciotti, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 129 (2024).' date_created: 2024-01-28T23:01:42Z date_published: 2024-01-28T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-02-06T08:44:02Z day: '28' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: FrPe doi: 10.1029/2023JD040214 file: - access_level: open_access checksum: cad5b93caadb40c14e5faedc34f7bba7 content_type: application/pdf creator: dernst date_created: 2024-02-06T08:38:27Z date_updated: 2024-02-06T08:38:27Z file_id: '14943' file_name: 2024_JGRAtmospheres_Shaw.pdf file_size: 7481087 relation: main_file success: 1 file_date_updated: 2024-02-06T08:38:27Z has_accepted_license: '1' intvolume: ' 129' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: 'Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres' publication_identifier: eissn: - 2169-8996 issn: - 2169-897X publication_status: published publisher: Wiley quality_controlled: '1' related_material: record: - id: '14919' relation: research_data status: public scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Local controls on near-surface glacier cooling under warm atmospheric conditions tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 129 year: '2024' ... --- _id: '14938' abstract: - lang: eng text: High elevation headwater catchments are complex hydrological systems that seasonally buffer water and release it in the form of snow and ice melt, modulating downstream runoff regimes and water availability. In High Mountain Asia (HMA), where a wide range of climates from semi-arid to monsoonal exist, the importance of the cryospheric contributions to the water budget varies with the amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation. Losses due to evapotranspiration and sublimation are to date largely unquantified components of the water budget in such catchments, although they can be comparable in magnitude to glacier melt contributions to streamflow. 
Here, we simulate the hydrology of three high elevation headwater catchments in distinct climates in HMA over 10 years using an ecohydrological model geared towards high-mountain areas including snow and glaciers, forced with reanalysis data. 
Our results show that evapotranspiration and sublimation together are most important at the semi-arid site, Kyzylsu, on the northernmost slopes of the Pamir mountain range. Here, the evaporative loss amounts to 28% of the water throughput, which we define as the total water added to, or removed from the water balance within a year. In comparison, evaporative losses are 19% at the Central Himalayan site Langtang and 13% at the wettest site, 24K, on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau. At the three sites, respectively, sublimation removes 15%, 13% and 6% of snowfall, while evapotranspiration removes the equivalent of 76%, 28% and 19% of rainfall. In absolute terms, and across a comparable elevation range, the highest ET flux is 413 mm yr-1 at 24K, while the highest sublimation flux is 91 mm yr-1 at Kyzylsu. During warm and dry years, glacier melt was found to only partially compensate for the annual supply deficit. article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Stefan full_name: Fugger, Stefan id: 86698d64-c4c6-11ee-af02-cdf1e6a7d31f last_name: Fugger - first_name: Thomas full_name: Shaw, Thomas id: 3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e last_name: Shaw orcid: 0000-0001-7640-6152 - first_name: Achille full_name: Jouberton, Achille last_name: Jouberton - first_name: Evan full_name: Miles, Evan last_name: Miles - first_name: Pascal full_name: Buri, Pascal id: 317987aa-9421-11ee-ac5a-b941b041abba last_name: Buri - first_name: Michael full_name: McCarthy, Michael id: 22a2674a-61ce-11ee-94b5-d18813baf16f last_name: McCarthy - first_name: Catriona Louise full_name: Fyffe, Catriona Louise id: 001b0422-8d15-11ed-bc51-cab6c037a228 last_name: Fyffe - first_name: Simone full_name: Fatichi, Simone last_name: Fatichi - first_name: Marin full_name: Kneib, Marin last_name: Kneib - first_name: Peter full_name: Molnar, Peter last_name: Molnar - first_name: Francesca full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70 last_name: Pellicciotti orcid: 0000-0002-5554-8087 citation: ama: Fugger S, Shaw T, Jouberton A, et al. Hydrological regimes and evaporative flux partitioning at the climatic ends of High Mountain Asia. Environmental Research Letters. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0 apa: Fugger, S., Shaw, T., Jouberton, A., Miles, E., Buri, P., McCarthy, M., … Pellicciotti, F. (n.d.). Hydrological regimes and evaporative flux partitioning at the climatic ends of High Mountain Asia. Environmental Research Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0 chicago: Fugger, Stefan, Thomas Shaw, Achille Jouberton, Evan Miles, Pascal Buri, Michael McCarthy, Catriona Louise Fyffe, et al. “Hydrological Regimes and Evaporative Flux Partitioning at the Climatic Ends of High Mountain Asia.” Environmental Research Letters. IOP Publishing, n.d. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0. ieee: S. Fugger et al., “Hydrological regimes and evaporative flux partitioning at the climatic ends of High Mountain Asia,” Environmental Research Letters. IOP Publishing. ista: Fugger S, Shaw T, Jouberton A, Miles E, Buri P, McCarthy M, Fyffe CL, Fatichi S, Kneib M, Molnar P, Pellicciotti F. Hydrological regimes and evaporative flux partitioning at the climatic ends of High Mountain Asia. Environmental Research Letters. mla: Fugger, Stefan, et al. “Hydrological Regimes and Evaporative Flux Partitioning at the Climatic Ends of High Mountain Asia.” Environmental Research Letters, IOP Publishing, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0. short: S. Fugger, T. Shaw, A. Jouberton, E. Miles, P. Buri, M. McCarthy, C.L. Fyffe, S. Fatichi, M. Kneib, P. Molnar, F. Pellicciotti, Environmental Research Letters (n.d.). date_created: 2024-02-05T09:01:11Z date_published: 2024-02-02T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-02-06T08:35:39Z day: '02' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: FrPe doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0 has_accepted_license: '1' keyword: - Public Health - Environmental and Occupational Health - General Environmental Science - Renewable Energy - Sustainability and the Environment language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0 month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Environmental Research Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 1748-9326 publication_status: accepted publisher: IOP Publishing quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Hydrological regimes and evaporative flux partitioning at the climatic ends of High Mountain Asia tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2024' ... --- _id: '14919' abstract: - lang: eng text: "GLACIER METEOROLOGICAL DATA SWISS ALPS -2022\r\n" article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Thomas full_name: Shaw, Thomas id: 3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e last_name: Shaw orcid: 0000-0001-7640-6152 - first_name: Pascal full_name: Buri, Pascal id: 317987aa-9421-11ee-ac5a-b941b041abba last_name: Buri - first_name: Michael full_name: McCarthy, Michael last_name: McCarthy - first_name: Evan full_name: Miles, Evan last_name: Miles - first_name: Francesca full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70 last_name: Pellicciotti orcid: 0000-0002-5554-8087 citation: ama: Shaw T, Buri P, McCarthy M, Miles E, Pellicciotti F. Air temperature and near-surface meteorology datasets on three Swiss glaciers - Extreme 2022 Summer. 2023. doi:10.5281/ZENODO.8277285 apa: Shaw, T., Buri, P., McCarthy, M., Miles, E., & Pellicciotti, F. (2023). Air temperature and near-surface meteorology datasets on three Swiss glaciers - Extreme 2022 Summer. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.8277285 chicago: Shaw, Thomas, Pascal Buri, Michael McCarthy, Evan Miles, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Air Temperature and Near-Surface Meteorology Datasets on Three Swiss Glaciers - Extreme 2022 Summer.” Zenodo, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.8277285. ieee: T. Shaw, P. Buri, M. McCarthy, E. Miles, and F. Pellicciotti, “Air temperature and near-surface meteorology datasets on three Swiss glaciers - Extreme 2022 Summer.” Zenodo, 2023. ista: Shaw T, Buri P, McCarthy M, Miles E, Pellicciotti F. 2023. Air temperature and near-surface meteorology datasets on three Swiss glaciers - Extreme 2022 Summer, Zenodo, 10.5281/ZENODO.8277285. mla: Shaw, Thomas, et al. Air Temperature and Near-Surface Meteorology Datasets on Three Swiss Glaciers - Extreme 2022 Summer. Zenodo, 2023, doi:10.5281/ZENODO.8277285. short: T. Shaw, P. Buri, M. McCarthy, E. Miles, F. Pellicciotti, (2023). date_created: 2024-01-31T12:08:26Z date_published: 2023-08-23T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-02-06T08:44:01Z day: '23' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: FrPe doi: 10.5281/ZENODO.8277285 main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.8277285 month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publisher: Zenodo related_material: record: - id: '14885' relation: used_in_publication status: public status: public title: Air temperature and near-surface meteorology datasets on three Swiss glaciers - Extreme 2022 Summer type: research_data_reference user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2023' ...