---
_id: '723'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Escaping local optima is one of the major obstacles to function optimisation.
    Using the metaphor of a fitness landscape, local optima correspond to hills separated
    by fitness valleys that have to be overcome. We define a class of fitness valleys
    of tunable difficulty by considering their length, representing the Hamming path
    between the two optima and their depth, the drop in fitness. For this function
    class we present a runtime comparison between stochastic search algorithms using
    different search strategies. The (1+1) EA is a simple and well-studied evolutionary
    algorithm that has to jump across the valley to a point of higher fitness because
    it does not accept worsening moves (elitism). In contrast, the Metropolis algorithm
    and the Strong Selection Weak Mutation (SSWM) algorithm, a famous process in population
    genetics, are both able to cross the fitness valley by accepting worsening moves.
    We show that the runtime of the (1+1) EA depends critically on the length of the
    valley while the runtimes of the non-elitist algorithms depend crucially on the
    depth of the valley. Moreover, we show that both SSWM and Metropolis can also
    efficiently optimise a rugged function consisting of consecutive valleys.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Pietro
  full_name: Oliveto, Pietro
  last_name: Oliveto
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Paixao, Tiago
  id: 2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Paixao
  orcid: 0000-0003-2361-3953
- first_name: Jorge
  full_name: Pérez Heredia, Jorge
  last_name: Pérez Heredia
- first_name: Dirk
  full_name: Sudholt, Dirk
  last_name: Sudholt
- first_name: Barbora
  full_name: Trubenova, Barbora
  id: 42302D54-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Trubenova
  orcid: 0000-0002-6873-2967
citation:
  ama: Oliveto P, Paixao T, Pérez Heredia J, Sudholt D, Trubenova B. How to escape
    local optima in black box optimisation when non elitism outperforms elitism. <i>Algorithmica</i>.
    2018;80(5):1604-1633. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-017-0369-2">10.1007/s00453-017-0369-2</a>
  apa: Oliveto, P., Paixao, T., Pérez Heredia, J., Sudholt, D., &#38; Trubenova, B.
    (2018). How to escape local optima in black box optimisation when non elitism
    outperforms elitism. <i>Algorithmica</i>. Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-017-0369-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-017-0369-2</a>
  chicago: Oliveto, Pietro, Tiago Paixao, Jorge Pérez Heredia, Dirk Sudholt, and Barbora
    Trubenova. “How to Escape Local Optima in Black Box Optimisation When Non Elitism
    Outperforms Elitism.” <i>Algorithmica</i>. Springer, 2018. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-017-0369-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-017-0369-2</a>.
  ieee: P. Oliveto, T. Paixao, J. Pérez Heredia, D. Sudholt, and B. Trubenova, “How
    to escape local optima in black box optimisation when non elitism outperforms
    elitism,” <i>Algorithmica</i>, vol. 80, no. 5. Springer, pp. 1604–1633, 2018.
  ista: Oliveto P, Paixao T, Pérez Heredia J, Sudholt D, Trubenova B. 2018. How to
    escape local optima in black box optimisation when non elitism outperforms elitism.
    Algorithmica. 80(5), 1604–1633.
  mla: Oliveto, Pietro, et al. “How to Escape Local Optima in Black Box Optimisation
    When Non Elitism Outperforms Elitism.” <i>Algorithmica</i>, vol. 80, no. 5, Springer,
    2018, pp. 1604–33, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-017-0369-2">10.1007/s00453-017-0369-2</a>.
  short: P. Oliveto, T. Paixao, J. Pérez Heredia, D. Sudholt, B. Trubenova, Algorithmica
    80 (2018) 1604–1633.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:48:09Z
date_published: 2018-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-11T14:11:35Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '576'
department:
- _id: NiBa
- _id: CaGu
doi: 10.1007/s00453-017-0369-2
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000428239300010'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 7d92f5d7be81e387edeec4f06442791c
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: system
  date_created: 2018-12-12T10:08:14Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:54Z
  file_id: '4674'
  file_name: IST-2018-1014-v1+1_2018_Paixao_Escape.pdf
  file_size: 691245
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:54Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        80'
isi: 1
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1604 - 1633
project:
- _id: 25B1EC9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '618091'
  name: Speed of Adaptation in Population Genetics and Evolutionary Computation
publication: Algorithmica
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '6957'
pubrep_id: '1014'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: How to escape local optima in black box optimisation when non elitism outperforms
  elitism
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 80
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '1111'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Adaptation depends critically on the effects of new mutations and their dependency
    on the genetic background in which they occur. These two factors can be summarized
    by the fitness landscape. However, it would require testing all mutations in all
    backgrounds, making the definition and analysis of fitness landscapes mostly inaccessible.
    Instead of postulating a particular fitness landscape, we address this problem
    by considering general classes of landscapes and calculating an upper limit for
    the time it takes for a population to reach a fitness peak, circumventing the
    need to have full knowledge about the fitness landscape. We analyze populations
    in the weak-mutation regime and characterize the conditions that enable them to
    quickly reach the fitness peak as a function of the number of sites under selection.
    We show that for additive landscapes there is a critical selection strength enabling
    populations to reach high-fitness genotypes, regardless of the distribution of
    effects. This threshold scales with the number of sites under selection, effectively
    setting a limit to adaptation, and results from the inevitable increase in deleterious
    mutational pressure as the population adapts in a space of discrete genotypes.
    Furthermore, we show that for the class of all unimodal landscapes this condition
    is sufficient but not necessary for rapid adaptation, as in some highly epistatic
    landscapes the critical strength does not depend on the number of sites under
    selection; effectively removing this barrier to adaptation.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Jorge
  full_name: Heredia, Jorge
  last_name: Heredia
- first_name: Barbora
  full_name: Trubenova, Barbora
  id: 42302D54-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Trubenova
  orcid: 0000-0002-6873-2967
- first_name: Dirk
  full_name: Sudholt, Dirk
  last_name: Sudholt
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Paixao, Tiago
  id: 2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Paixao
  orcid: 0000-0003-2361-3953
citation:
  ama: Heredia J, Trubenova B, Sudholt D, Paixao T. Selection limits to adaptive walks
    on correlated landscapes. <i>Genetics</i>. 2017;205(2):803-825. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.189340">10.1534/genetics.116.189340</a>
  apa: Heredia, J., Trubenova, B., Sudholt, D., &#38; Paixao, T. (2017). Selection
    limits to adaptive walks on correlated landscapes. <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics Society
    of America. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.189340">https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.189340</a>
  chicago: Heredia, Jorge, Barbora Trubenova, Dirk Sudholt, and Tiago Paixao. “Selection
    Limits to Adaptive Walks on Correlated Landscapes.” <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics
    Society of America, 2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.189340">https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.189340</a>.
  ieee: J. Heredia, B. Trubenova, D. Sudholt, and T. Paixao, “Selection limits to
    adaptive walks on correlated landscapes,” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 205, no. 2. Genetics
    Society of America, pp. 803–825, 2017.
  ista: Heredia J, Trubenova B, Sudholt D, Paixao T. 2017. Selection limits to adaptive
    walks on correlated landscapes. Genetics. 205(2), 803–825.
  mla: Heredia, Jorge, et al. “Selection Limits to Adaptive Walks on Correlated Landscapes.”
    <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 205, no. 2, Genetics Society of America, 2017, pp. 803–25,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.189340">10.1534/genetics.116.189340</a>.
  short: J. Heredia, B. Trubenova, D. Sudholt, T. Paixao, Genetics 205 (2017) 803–825.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:50:12Z
date_published: 2017-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-20T11:35:03Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1534/genetics.116.189340
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000394144900025'
  pmid:
  - '27881471'
intvolume: '       205'
isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.189340
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 803 - 825
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 25B1EC9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '618091'
  name: Speed of Adaptation in Population Genetics and Evolutionary Computation
publication: Genetics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - '00166731'
publication_status: published
publisher: Genetics Society of America
publist_id: '6256'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Selection limits to adaptive walks on correlated landscapes
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 205
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '1112'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: There has been renewed interest in modelling the behaviour of evolutionary
    algorithms by more traditional mathematical objects, such as ordinary differential
    equations or Markov chains. The advantage is that the analysis becomes greatly
    facilitated due to the existence of well established methods. However, this typically
    comes at the cost of disregarding information about the process. Here, we introduce
    the use of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) for the study of EAs. SDEs
    can produce simple analytical results for the dynamics of stochastic processes,
    unlike Markov chains which can produce rigorous but unwieldy expressions about
    the dynamics. On the other hand, unlike ordinary differential equations (ODEs),
    they do not discard information about the stochasticity of the process. We show
    that these are especially suitable for the analysis of fixed budget scenarios
    and present analogs of the additive and multiplicative drift theorems for SDEs.
    We exemplify the use of these methods for two model algorithms ((1+1) EA and RLS)
    on two canonical problems(OneMax and LeadingOnes).
author:
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Paixao, Tiago
  id: 2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Paixao
  orcid: 0000-0003-2361-3953
- first_name: Jorge
  full_name: Pérez Heredia, Jorge
  last_name: Pérez Heredia
citation:
  ama: 'Paixao T, Pérez Heredia J. An application of stochastic differential equations
    to evolutionary algorithms. In: <i>Proceedings of the 14th ACM/SIGEVO Conference
    on Foundations of Genetic Algorithms</i>. ACM; 2017:3-11. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3040718.3040729">10.1145/3040718.3040729</a>'
  apa: 'Paixao, T., &#38; Pérez Heredia, J. (2017). An application of stochastic differential
    equations to evolutionary algorithms. In <i>Proceedings of the 14th ACM/SIGEVO
    Conference on Foundations of Genetic Algorithms</i> (pp. 3–11). Copenhagen, Denmark:
    ACM. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3040718.3040729">https://doi.org/10.1145/3040718.3040729</a>'
  chicago: Paixao, Tiago, and Jorge Pérez Heredia. “An Application of Stochastic Differential
    Equations to Evolutionary Algorithms.” In <i>Proceedings of the 14th ACM/SIGEVO
    Conference on Foundations of Genetic Algorithms</i>, 3–11. ACM, 2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3040718.3040729">https://doi.org/10.1145/3040718.3040729</a>.
  ieee: T. Paixao and J. Pérez Heredia, “An application of stochastic differential
    equations to evolutionary algorithms,” in <i>Proceedings of the 14th ACM/SIGEVO
    Conference on Foundations of Genetic Algorithms</i>, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2017,
    pp. 3–11.
  ista: 'Paixao T, Pérez Heredia J. 2017. An application of stochastic differential
    equations to evolutionary algorithms. Proceedings of the 14th ACM/SIGEVO Conference
    on Foundations of Genetic Algorithms. FOGA: Foundations of Genetic Algorithms,
    3–11.'
  mla: Paixao, Tiago, and Jorge Pérez Heredia. “An Application of Stochastic Differential
    Equations to Evolutionary Algorithms.” <i>Proceedings of the 14th ACM/SIGEVO Conference
    on Foundations of Genetic Algorithms</i>, ACM, 2017, pp. 3–11, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3040718.3040729">10.1145/3040718.3040729</a>.
  short: T. Paixao, J. Pérez Heredia, in:, Proceedings of the 14th ACM/SIGEVO Conference
    on Foundations of Genetic Algorithms, ACM, 2017, pp. 3–11.
conference:
  end_date: 2017-01-15
  location: Copenhagen, Denmark
  name: 'FOGA: Foundations of Genetic Algorithms'
  start_date: 2017-01-12
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:50:12Z
date_published: 2017-01-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:48:22Z
day: '12'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1145/3040718.3040729
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 3 - 11
publication: Proceedings of the 14th ACM/SIGEVO Conference on Foundations of Genetic
  Algorithms
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - 978-145034651-1
publication_status: published
publisher: ACM
publist_id: '6255'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: An application of stochastic differential equations to evolutionary algorithms
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '696'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Mutator strains are expected to evolve when the availability and effect of
    beneficial mutations are high enough to counteract the disadvantage from deleterious
    mutations that will inevitably accumulate. As the population becomes more adapted
    to its environment, both availability and effect of beneficial mutations necessarily
    decrease and mutation rates are predicted to decrease. It has been shown that
    certain molecular mechanisms can lead to increased mutation rates when the organism
    finds itself in a stressful environment. While this may be a correlated response
    to other functions, it could also be an adaptive mechanism, raising mutation rates
    only when it is most advantageous. Here, we use a mathematical model to investigate
    the plausibility of the adaptive hypothesis. We show that such a mechanism can
    be mantained if the population is subjected to diverse stresses. By simulating
    various antibiotic treatment schemes, we find that combination treatments can
    reduce the effectiveness of second-order selection on stress-induced mutagenesis.
    We discuss the implications of our results to strategies of antibiotic therapy.
article_number: e1005609
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Marta
  full_name: Lukacisinova, Marta
  id: 4342E402-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Lukacisinova
  orcid: 0000-0002-2519-8004
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Novak, Sebastian
  id: 461468AE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Novak
  orcid: 0000-0002-2519-824X
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Paixao, Tiago
  id: 2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Paixao
  orcid: 0000-0003-2361-3953
citation:
  ama: 'Lukacisinova M, Novak S, Paixao T. Stress induced mutagenesis: Stress diversity
    facilitates the persistence of mutator genes. <i>PLoS Computational Biology</i>.
    2017;13(7). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609</a>'
  apa: 'Lukacisinova, M., Novak, S., &#38; Paixao, T. (2017). Stress induced mutagenesis:
    Stress diversity facilitates the persistence of mutator genes. <i>PLoS Computational
    Biology</i>. Public Library of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609</a>'
  chicago: 'Lukacisinova, Marta, Sebastian Novak, and Tiago Paixao. “Stress Induced
    Mutagenesis: Stress Diversity Facilitates the Persistence of Mutator Genes.” <i>PLoS
    Computational Biology</i>. Public Library of Science, 2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Lukacisinova, S. Novak, and T. Paixao, “Stress induced mutagenesis: Stress
    diversity facilitates the persistence of mutator genes,” <i>PLoS Computational
    Biology</i>, vol. 13, no. 7. Public Library of Science, 2017.'
  ista: 'Lukacisinova M, Novak S, Paixao T. 2017. Stress induced mutagenesis: Stress
    diversity facilitates the persistence of mutator genes. PLoS Computational Biology.
    13(7), e1005609.'
  mla: 'Lukacisinova, Marta, et al. “Stress Induced Mutagenesis: Stress Diversity
    Facilitates the Persistence of Mutator Genes.” <i>PLoS Computational Biology</i>,
    vol. 13, no. 7, e1005609, Public Library of Science, 2017, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609</a>.'
  short: M. Lukacisinova, S. Novak, T. Paixao, PLoS Computational Biology 13 (2017).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:47:58Z
date_published: 2017-07-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-03-25T23:30:14Z
day: '18'
ddc:
- '576'
department:
- _id: ToBo
- _id: NiBa
- _id: CaGu
doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609
ec_funded: 1
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 9143c290fa6458ed2563bff4b295554a
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: system
  date_created: 2018-12-12T10:15:01Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:46Z
  file_id: '5117'
  file_name: IST-2017-894-v1+1_journal.pcbi.1005609.pdf
  file_size: 3775716
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:46Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        13'
issue: '7'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 25B1EC9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '618091'
  name: Speed of Adaptation in Population Genetics and Evolutionary Computation
publication: PLoS Computational Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1553734X
publication_status: published
publisher: Public Library of Science
publist_id: '7004'
pubrep_id: '894'
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '9849'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
  - id: '9850'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
  - id: '9851'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
  - id: '9852'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
  - id: '6263'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: 'Stress induced mutagenesis: Stress diversity facilitates the persistence of
  mutator genes'
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 13
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '1336'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) form a popular optimisation paradigm inspired
    by natural evolution. In recent years the field of evolutionary computation has
    developed a rigorous analytical theory to analyse the runtimes of EAs on many
    illustrative problems. Here we apply this theory to a simple model of natural
    evolution. In the Strong Selection Weak Mutation (SSWM) evolutionary regime the
    time between occurrences of new mutations is much longer than the time it takes
    for a mutated genotype to take over the population. In this situation, the population
    only contains copies of one genotype and evolution can be modelled as a stochastic
    process evolving one genotype by means of mutation and selection between the resident
    and the mutated genotype. The probability of accepting the mutated genotype then
    depends on the change in fitness. We study this process, SSWM, from an algorithmic
    perspective, quantifying its expected optimisation time for various parameters
    and investigating differences to a similar evolutionary algorithm, the well-known
    (1+1) EA. We show that SSWM can have a moderate advantage over the (1+1) EA at
    crossing fitness valleys and study an example where SSWM outperforms the (1+1)
    EA by taking advantage of information on the fitness gradient.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Paixao, Tiago
  id: 2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Paixao
  orcid: 0000-0003-2361-3953
- first_name: Jorge
  full_name: Pérez Heredia, Jorge
  last_name: Pérez Heredia
- first_name: Dirk
  full_name: Sudholt, Dirk
  last_name: Sudholt
- first_name: Barbora
  full_name: Trubenova, Barbora
  id: 42302D54-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Trubenova
  orcid: 0000-0002-6873-2967
citation:
  ama: Paixao T, Pérez Heredia J, Sudholt D, Trubenova B. Towards a runtime comparison
    of natural and artificial evolution. <i>Algorithmica</i>. 2017;78(2):681-713.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-016-0212-1">10.1007/s00453-016-0212-1</a>
  apa: Paixao, T., Pérez Heredia, J., Sudholt, D., &#38; Trubenova, B. (2017). Towards
    a runtime comparison of natural and artificial evolution. <i>Algorithmica</i>.
    Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-016-0212-1">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-016-0212-1</a>
  chicago: Paixao, Tiago, Jorge Pérez Heredia, Dirk Sudholt, and Barbora Trubenova.
    “Towards a Runtime Comparison of Natural and Artificial Evolution.” <i>Algorithmica</i>.
    Springer, 2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-016-0212-1">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-016-0212-1</a>.
  ieee: T. Paixao, J. Pérez Heredia, D. Sudholt, and B. Trubenova, “Towards a runtime
    comparison of natural and artificial evolution,” <i>Algorithmica</i>, vol. 78,
    no. 2. Springer, pp. 681–713, 2017.
  ista: Paixao T, Pérez Heredia J, Sudholt D, Trubenova B. 2017. Towards a runtime
    comparison of natural and artificial evolution. Algorithmica. 78(2), 681–713.
  mla: Paixao, Tiago, et al. “Towards a Runtime Comparison of Natural and Artificial
    Evolution.” <i>Algorithmica</i>, vol. 78, no. 2, Springer, 2017, pp. 681–713,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-016-0212-1">10.1007/s00453-016-0212-1</a>.
  short: T. Paixao, J. Pérez Heredia, D. Sudholt, B. Trubenova, Algorithmica 78 (2017)
    681–713.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:51:27Z
date_published: 2017-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-20T11:14:42Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '576'
department:
- _id: NiBa
- _id: CaGu
doi: 10.1007/s00453-016-0212-1
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000400379500013'
file:
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oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 681 - 713
project:
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  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '618091'
  name: Speed of Adaptation in Population Genetics and Evolutionary Computation
publication: Algorithmica
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - '01784617'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '5931'
pubrep_id: '658'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Towards a runtime comparison of natural and artificial evolution
tmp:
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  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 78
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '1351'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The behaviour of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) is typically analysed using
    simulation-based statistical testing-like methods. In this paper, we demonstrate
    that we can replace this approach by a formal verification-like method that gives
    higher assurance and scalability. We focus on Wagner’s weighted GRN model with
    varying weights, which is used in evolutionary biology. In the model, weight parameters
    represent the gene interaction strength that may change due to genetic mutations.
    For a property of interest, we synthesise the constraints over the parameter space
    that represent the set of GRNs satisfying the property. We experimentally show
    that our parameter synthesis procedure computes the mutational robustness of GRNs—an
    important problem of interest in evolutionary biology—more efficiently than the
    classical simulation method. We specify the property in linear temporal logic.
    We employ symbolic bounded model checking and SMT solving to compute the space
    of GRNs that satisfy the property, which amounts to synthesizing a set of linear
    constraints on the weights.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Mirco
  full_name: Giacobbe, Mirco
  id: 3444EA5E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Giacobbe
  orcid: 0000-0001-8180-0904
- first_name: Calin C
  full_name: Guet, Calin C
  id: 47F8433E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Guet
  orcid: 0000-0001-6220-2052
- first_name: Ashutosh
  full_name: Gupta, Ashutosh
  id: 335E5684-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Gupta
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Paixao, Tiago
  id: 2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Paixao
  orcid: 0000-0003-2361-3953
- first_name: Tatjana
  full_name: Petrov, Tatjana
  id: 3D5811FC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Petrov
  orcid: 0000-0002-9041-0905
citation:
  ama: Giacobbe M, Guet CC, Gupta A, Henzinger TA, Paixao T, Petrov T. Model checking
    the evolution of gene regulatory networks. <i>Acta Informatica</i>. 2017;54(8):765-787.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-016-0278-x">10.1007/s00236-016-0278-x</a>
  apa: Giacobbe, M., Guet, C. C., Gupta, A., Henzinger, T. A., Paixao, T., &#38; Petrov,
    T. (2017). Model checking the evolution of gene regulatory networks. <i>Acta Informatica</i>.
    Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-016-0278-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-016-0278-x</a>
  chicago: Giacobbe, Mirco, Calin C Guet, Ashutosh Gupta, Thomas A Henzinger, Tiago
    Paixao, and Tatjana Petrov. “Model Checking the Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks.”
    <i>Acta Informatica</i>. Springer, 2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-016-0278-x">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-016-0278-x</a>.
  ieee: M. Giacobbe, C. C. Guet, A. Gupta, T. A. Henzinger, T. Paixao, and T. Petrov,
    “Model checking the evolution of gene regulatory networks,” <i>Acta Informatica</i>,
    vol. 54, no. 8. Springer, pp. 765–787, 2017.
  ista: Giacobbe M, Guet CC, Gupta A, Henzinger TA, Paixao T, Petrov T. 2017. Model
    checking the evolution of gene regulatory networks. Acta Informatica. 54(8), 765–787.
  mla: Giacobbe, Mirco, et al. “Model Checking the Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks.”
    <i>Acta Informatica</i>, vol. 54, no. 8, Springer, 2017, pp. 765–87, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-016-0278-x">10.1007/s00236-016-0278-x</a>.
  short: M. Giacobbe, C.C. Guet, A. Gupta, T.A. Henzinger, T. Paixao, T. Petrov, Acta
    Informatica 54 (2017) 765–787.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:51:32Z
date_published: 2017-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-05-28T11:57:04Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '006'
- '576'
department:
- _id: ToHe
- _id: CaGu
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1007/s00236-016-0278-x
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000414343200003'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 4e661d9135d7f8c342e8e258dee76f3e
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  file_name: 2017_ActaInformatica_Giacobbe.pdf
  file_size: 755241
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file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:44:46Z
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intvolume: '        54'
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issue: '8'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 765 - 787
project:
- _id: 25EE3708-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '267989'
  name: Quantitative Reactive Modeling
- _id: 25832EC2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: S 11407_N23
  name: Rigorous Systems Engineering
- _id: 25F42A32-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: Z211
  name: The Wittgenstein Prize
- _id: 25B1EC9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '618091'
  name: Speed of Adaptation in Population Genetics and Evolutionary Computation
- _id: 25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '291734'
  name: International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme
- _id: 25B07788-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '250152'
  name: Limits to selection in biology and in evolutionary computation
publication: Acta Informatica
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - '00015903'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '5898'
pubrep_id: '649'
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
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scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Model checking the evolution of gene regulatory networks
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 54
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '954'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Understanding the relation between genotype and phenotype remains a major
    challenge. The difficulty of predicting individual mutation effects, and particularly
    the interactions between them, has prevented the development of a comprehensive
    theory that links genotypic changes to their phenotypic effects. We show that
    a general thermodynamic framework for gene regulation, based on a biophysical
    understanding of protein-DNA binding, accurately predicts the sign of epistasis
    in a canonical cis-regulatory element consisting of overlapping RNA polymerase
    and repressor binding sites. Sign and magnitude of individual mutation effects
    are sufficient to predict the sign of epistasis and its environmental dependence.
    Thus, the thermodynamic model offers the correct null prediction for epistasis
    between mutations across DNA-binding sites. Our results indicate that a predictive
    theory for the effects of cis-regulatory mutations is possible from first principles,
    as long as the essential molecular mechanisms and the constraints these impose
    on a biological system are accounted for.
article_number: e25192
article_processing_charge: Yes
author:
- first_name: Mato
  full_name: Lagator, Mato
  id: 345D25EC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Lagator
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Paixao, Tiago
  id: 2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Paixao
  orcid: 0000-0003-2361-3953
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Jonathan P
  full_name: Bollback, Jonathan P
  id: 2C6FA9CC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Bollback
  orcid: 0000-0002-4624-4612
- first_name: Calin C
  full_name: Guet, Calin C
  id: 47F8433E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Guet
  orcid: 0000-0001-6220-2052
citation:
  ama: Lagator M, Paixao T, Barton NH, Bollback JP, Guet CC. On the mechanistic nature
    of epistasis in a canonical cis-regulatory element. <i>eLife</i>. 2017;6. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25192">10.7554/eLife.25192</a>
  apa: Lagator, M., Paixao, T., Barton, N. H., Bollback, J. P., &#38; Guet, C. C.
    (2017). On the mechanistic nature of epistasis in a canonical cis-regulatory element.
    <i>ELife</i>. eLife Sciences Publications. <a href="https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25192">https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25192</a>
  chicago: Lagator, Mato, Tiago Paixao, Nicholas H Barton, Jonathan P Bollback, and
    Calin C Guet. “On the Mechanistic Nature of Epistasis in a Canonical Cis-Regulatory
    Element.” <i>ELife</i>. eLife Sciences Publications, 2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25192">https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25192</a>.
  ieee: M. Lagator, T. Paixao, N. H. Barton, J. P. Bollback, and C. C. Guet, “On the
    mechanistic nature of epistasis in a canonical cis-regulatory element,” <i>eLife</i>,
    vol. 6. eLife Sciences Publications, 2017.
  ista: Lagator M, Paixao T, Barton NH, Bollback JP, Guet CC. 2017. On the mechanistic
    nature of epistasis in a canonical cis-regulatory element. eLife. 6, e25192.
  mla: Lagator, Mato, et al. “On the Mechanistic Nature of Epistasis in a Canonical
    Cis-Regulatory Element.” <i>ELife</i>, vol. 6, e25192, eLife Sciences Publications,
    2017, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25192">10.7554/eLife.25192</a>.
  short: M. Lagator, T. Paixao, N.H. Barton, J.P. Bollback, C.C. Guet, ELife 6 (2017).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:49:23Z
date_published: 2017-05-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-22T10:01:17Z
day: '18'
ddc:
- '576'
department:
- _id: CaGu
- _id: NiBa
- _id: JoBo
doi: 10.7554/eLife.25192
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000404024800001'
file:
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  creator: system
  date_created: 2018-12-12T10:17:49Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:16Z
  file_id: '5306'
  file_name: IST-2017-841-v1+1_elife-25192-v2.pdf
  file_size: 2441529
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  creator: system
  date_created: 2018-12-12T10:17:50Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:16Z
  file_id: '5307'
  file_name: IST-2017-841-v1+2_elife-25192-figures-v2.pdf
  file_size: 3752660
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:16Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         6'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 25B1EC9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '618091'
  name: Speed of Adaptation in Population Genetics and Evolutionary Computation
- _id: 25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '291734'
  name: International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme
- _id: 2578D616-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '648440'
  name: Selective Barriers to Horizontal Gene Transfer
publication: eLife
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2050084X
publication_status: published
publisher: eLife Sciences Publications
publist_id: '6460'
pubrep_id: '841'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: On the mechanistic nature of epistasis in a canonical cis-regulatory element
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 6
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '9849'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: This text provides additional information about the model, a derivation of
    the analytic results in Eq (4), and details about simulations of an additional
    parameter set.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Marta
  full_name: Lukacisinova, Marta
  id: 4342E402-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Lukacisinova
  orcid: 0000-0002-2519-8004
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Novak, Sebastian
  id: 461468AE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Novak
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Paixao, Tiago
  id: 2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Paixao
  orcid: 0000-0003-2361-3953
citation:
  ama: Lukacisinova M, Novak S, Paixao T. Modelling and simulation details. 2017.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001</a>
  apa: Lukacisinova, M., Novak, S., &#38; Paixao, T. (2017). Modelling and simulation
    details. Public Library of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001</a>
  chicago: Lukacisinova, Marta, Sebastian Novak, and Tiago Paixao. “Modelling and
    Simulation Details.” Public Library of Science, 2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001</a>.
  ieee: M. Lukacisinova, S. Novak, and T. Paixao, “Modelling and simulation details.”
    Public Library of Science, 2017.
  ista: Lukacisinova M, Novak S, Paixao T. 2017. Modelling and simulation details,
    Public Library of Science, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001</a>.
  mla: Lukacisinova, Marta, et al. <i>Modelling and Simulation Details</i>. Public
    Library of Science, 2017, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001</a>.
  short: M. Lukacisinova, S. Novak, T. Paixao, (2017).
date_created: 2021-08-09T14:02:34Z
date_published: 2017-07-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-02-23T12:55:39Z
day: '18'
department:
- _id: ToBo
- _id: NiBa
- _id: CaGu
doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s001
month: '07'
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Public Library of Science
related_material:
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status: public
title: Modelling and simulation details
type: research_data_reference
user_id: 6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '9850'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In this text, we discuss how a cost of resistance and the possibility of lethal
    mutations impact our model.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Marta
  full_name: Lukacisinova, Marta
  id: 4342E402-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Lukacisinova
  orcid: 0000-0002-2519-8004
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Novak, Sebastian
  id: 461468AE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Novak
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Paixao, Tiago
  id: 2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Paixao
  orcid: 0000-0003-2361-3953
citation:
  ama: Lukacisinova M, Novak S, Paixao T. Extensions of the model. 2017. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002</a>
  apa: Lukacisinova, M., Novak, S., &#38; Paixao, T. (2017). Extensions of the model.
    Public Library of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002</a>
  chicago: Lukacisinova, Marta, Sebastian Novak, and Tiago Paixao. “Extensions of
    the Model.” Public Library of Science, 2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002</a>.
  ieee: M. Lukacisinova, S. Novak, and T. Paixao, “Extensions of the model.” Public
    Library of Science, 2017.
  ista: Lukacisinova M, Novak S, Paixao T. 2017. Extensions of the model, Public Library
    of Science, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002</a>.
  mla: Lukacisinova, Marta, et al. <i>Extensions of the Model</i>. Public Library
    of Science, 2017, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002</a>.
  short: M. Lukacisinova, S. Novak, T. Paixao, (2017).
date_created: 2021-08-09T14:05:24Z
date_published: 2017-07-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-02-23T12:55:39Z
day: '18'
department:
- _id: ToBo
- _id: CaGu
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s002
month: '07'
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Public Library of Science
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '696'
    relation: used_in_publication
    status: public
status: public
title: Extensions of the model
type: research_data_reference
user_id: 6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '9851'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Based on the intuitive derivation of the dynamics of SIM allele frequency
    pM in the main text, we present a heuristic prediction for the long-term SIM allele
    frequencies with χ > 1 stresses and compare it to numerical simulations.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Marta
  full_name: Lukacisinova, Marta
  id: 4342E402-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Lukacisinova
  orcid: 0000-0002-2519-8004
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Novak, Sebastian
  id: 461468AE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Novak
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Paixao, Tiago
  id: 2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Paixao
  orcid: 0000-0003-2361-3953
citation:
  ama: Lukacisinova M, Novak S, Paixao T. Heuristic prediction for multiple stresses.
    2017. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s003">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s003</a>
  apa: Lukacisinova, M., Novak, S., &#38; Paixao, T. (2017). Heuristic prediction
    for multiple stresses. Public Library of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s003">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s003</a>
  chicago: Lukacisinova, Marta, Sebastian Novak, and Tiago Paixao. “Heuristic Prediction
    for Multiple Stresses.” Public Library of Science, 2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s003">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s003</a>.
  ieee: M. Lukacisinova, S. Novak, and T. Paixao, “Heuristic prediction for multiple
    stresses.” Public Library of Science, 2017.
  ista: Lukacisinova M, Novak S, Paixao T. 2017. Heuristic prediction for multiple
    stresses, Public Library of Science, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s003">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s003</a>.
  mla: Lukacisinova, Marta, et al. <i>Heuristic Prediction for Multiple Stresses</i>.
    Public Library of Science, 2017, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s003">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s003</a>.
  short: M. Lukacisinova, S. Novak, T. Paixao, (2017).
date_created: 2021-08-09T14:08:14Z
date_published: 2017-07-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-02-23T12:55:39Z
day: '18'
department:
- _id: ToBo
- _id: CaGu
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s003
month: '07'
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Public Library of Science
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '696'
    relation: used_in_publication
    status: public
status: public
title: Heuristic prediction for multiple stresses
type: research_data_reference
user_id: 6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '9852'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We show how different combination strategies affect the fraction of individuals
    that are multi-resistant.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Marta
  full_name: Lukacisinova, Marta
  id: 4342E402-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Lukacisinova
  orcid: 0000-0002-2519-8004
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Novak, Sebastian
  id: 461468AE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Novak
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Paixao, Tiago
  id: 2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Paixao
  orcid: 0000-0003-2361-3953
citation:
  ama: Lukacisinova M, Novak S, Paixao T. Resistance frequencies for different combination
    strategies. 2017. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s004">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s004</a>
  apa: Lukacisinova, M., Novak, S., &#38; Paixao, T. (2017). Resistance frequencies
    for different combination strategies. Public Library of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s004">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s004</a>
  chicago: Lukacisinova, Marta, Sebastian Novak, and Tiago Paixao. “Resistance Frequencies
    for Different Combination Strategies.” Public Library of Science, 2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s004">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s004</a>.
  ieee: M. Lukacisinova, S. Novak, and T. Paixao, “Resistance frequencies for different
    combination strategies.” Public Library of Science, 2017.
  ista: Lukacisinova M, Novak S, Paixao T. 2017. Resistance frequencies for different
    combination strategies, Public Library of Science, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s004">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s004</a>.
  mla: Lukacisinova, Marta, et al. <i>Resistance Frequencies for Different Combination
    Strategies</i>. Public Library of Science, 2017, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s004">10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s004</a>.
  short: M. Lukacisinova, S. Novak, T. Paixao, (2017).
date_created: 2021-08-09T14:11:40Z
date_published: 2017-07-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-02-23T12:55:39Z
day: '18'
department:
- _id: ToBo
- _id: CaGu
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005609.s004
month: '07'
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Public Library of Science
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '696'
    relation: used_in_publication
    status: public
status: public
title: Resistance frequencies for different combination strategies
type: research_data_reference
user_id: 6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '1349'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Crossing fitness valleys is one of the major obstacles to function optimization.
    In this paper we investigate how the structure of the fitness valley, namely its
    depth d and length ℓ, influence the runtime of different strategies for crossing
    these valleys. We present a runtime comparison between the (1+1) EA and two non-elitist
    nature-inspired algorithms, Strong Selection Weak Mutation (SSWM) and the Metropolis
    algorithm. While the (1+1) EA has to jump across the valley to a point of higher
    fitness because it does not accept decreasing moves, the non-elitist algorithms
    may cross the valley by accepting worsening moves. We show that while the runtime
    of the (1+1) EA algorithm depends critically on the length of the valley, the
    runtimes of the non-elitist algorithms depend crucially only on the depth of the
    valley. In particular, the expected runtime of both SSWM and Metropolis is polynomial
    in ℓ and exponential in d while the (1+1) EA is efficient only for valleys of
    small length. Moreover, we show that both SSWM and Metropolis can also efficiently
    optimize a rugged function consisting of consecutive valleys.
author:
- first_name: Pietro
  full_name: Oliveto, Pietro
  last_name: Oliveto
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Paixao, Tiago
  id: 2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Paixao
  orcid: 0000-0003-2361-3953
- first_name: Jorge
  full_name: Heredia, Jorge
  last_name: Heredia
- first_name: Dirk
  full_name: Sudholt, Dirk
  last_name: Sudholt
- first_name: Barbora
  full_name: Trubenova, Barbora
  id: 42302D54-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Trubenova
  orcid: 0000-0002-6873-2967
citation:
  ama: 'Oliveto P, Paixao T, Heredia J, Sudholt D, Trubenova B. When non-elitism outperforms
    elitism for crossing fitness valleys. In: <i>Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary
    Computation Conference 2016 </i>. ACM; 2016:1163-1170. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2908812.2908909">10.1145/2908812.2908909</a>'
  apa: 'Oliveto, P., Paixao, T., Heredia, J., Sudholt, D., &#38; Trubenova, B. (2016).
    When non-elitism outperforms elitism for crossing fitness valleys. In <i>Proceedings
    of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference 2016 </i> (pp. 1163–1170).
    Denver, CO, USA: ACM. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2908812.2908909">https://doi.org/10.1145/2908812.2908909</a>'
  chicago: Oliveto, Pietro, Tiago Paixao, Jorge Heredia, Dirk Sudholt, and Barbora
    Trubenova. “When Non-Elitism Outperforms Elitism for Crossing Fitness Valleys.”
    In <i>Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference 2016
    </i>, 1163–70. ACM, 2016. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2908812.2908909">https://doi.org/10.1145/2908812.2908909</a>.
  ieee: P. Oliveto, T. Paixao, J. Heredia, D. Sudholt, and B. Trubenova, “When non-elitism
    outperforms elitism for crossing fitness valleys,” in <i>Proceedings of the Genetic
    and Evolutionary Computation Conference 2016 </i>, Denver, CO, USA, 2016, pp.
    1163–1170.
  ista: 'Oliveto P, Paixao T, Heredia J, Sudholt D, Trubenova B. 2016. When non-elitism
    outperforms elitism for crossing fitness valleys. Proceedings of the Genetic and
    Evolutionary Computation Conference 2016 . GECCO: Genetic and evolutionary computation
    conference, 1163–1170.'
  mla: Oliveto, Pietro, et al. “When Non-Elitism Outperforms Elitism for Crossing
    Fitness Valleys.” <i>Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference
    2016 </i>, ACM, 2016, pp. 1163–70, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2908812.2908909">10.1145/2908812.2908909</a>.
  short: P. Oliveto, T. Paixao, J. Heredia, D. Sudholt, B. Trubenova, in:, Proceedings
    of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference 2016 , ACM, 2016, pp. 1163–1170.
conference:
  end_date: 2016-07-24
  location: Denver, CO, USA
  name: 'GECCO: Genetic and evolutionary computation conference'
  start_date: 2016-07-20
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:51:31Z
date_published: 2016-07-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:50:03Z
day: '20'
ddc:
- '576'
department:
- _id: NiBa
- _id: CaGu
doi: 10.1145/2908812.2908909
ec_funded: 1
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: a1896e39e4113f2711e46b435d5f3e69
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: system
  date_created: 2018-12-12T10:16:27Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:44:45Z
  file_id: '5214'
  file_name: IST-2016-650-v1+1_p1163-oliveto.pdf
  file_size: 979026
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:44:45Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 1163 - 1170
project:
- _id: 25B1EC9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '618091'
  name: Speed of Adaptation in Population Genetics and Evolutionary Computation
publication: 'Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference 2016 '
publication_status: published
publisher: ACM
publist_id: '5900'
pubrep_id: '650'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: When non-elitism outperforms elitism for crossing fitness valleys
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '1359'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "The role of gene interactions in the evolutionary process has long\r\nbeen
    controversial. Although some argue that they are not of\r\nimportance, because
    most variation is additive, others claim that\r\ntheir effect in the long term
    can be substantial. Here, we focus on\r\nthe long-term effects of genetic interactions
    under directional\r\nselection assuming no mutation or dominance, and that epistasis
    is\r\nsymmetrical overall. We ask by how much the mean of a complex\r\ntrait can
    be increased by selection and analyze two extreme\r\nregimes, in which either
    drift or selection dominate the dynamics\r\nof allele frequencies. In both scenarios,
    epistatic interactions affect\r\nthe long-term response to selection by modulating
    the additive\r\ngenetic variance. When drift dominates, we extend Robertson\r\n’\r\ns\r\n[Robertson
    A (1960)\r\nProc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci\r\n153(951):234\r\n−\r\n249]\r\nargument
    to show that, for any form of epistasis, the total response\r\nof a haploid population
    is proportional to the initial total genotypic\r\nvariance. In contrast, the total
    response of a diploid population is\r\nincreased by epistasis, for a given initial
    genotypic variance. When\r\nselection dominates, we show that the total selection
    response can\r\nonly be increased by epistasis when s\r\nome initially deleterious
    alleles\r\nbecome favored as the genetic background changes. We find a sim-\r\nple
    approximation for this effect and show that, in this regime, it is\r\nthe structure
    of the genotype - phenotype map that matters and not\r\nthe variance components
    of the population."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Paixao, Tiago
  id: 2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Paixao
  orcid: 0000-0003-2361-3953
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: Paixao T, Barton NH. The effect of gene interactions on the long-term response
    to selection. <i>PNAS</i>. 2016;113(16):4422-4427. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518830113">10.1073/pnas.1518830113</a>
  apa: Paixao, T., &#38; Barton, N. H. (2016). The effect of gene interactions on
    the long-term response to selection. <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518830113">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518830113</a>
  chicago: Paixao, Tiago, and Nicholas H Barton. “The Effect of Gene Interactions
    on the Long-Term Response to Selection.” <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences,
    2016. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518830113">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518830113</a>.
  ieee: T. Paixao and N. H. Barton, “The effect of gene interactions on the long-term
    response to selection,” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 113, no. 16. National Academy of Sciences,
    pp. 4422–4427, 2016.
  ista: Paixao T, Barton NH. 2016. The effect of gene interactions on the long-term
    response to selection. PNAS. 113(16), 4422–4427.
  mla: Paixao, Tiago, and Nicholas H. Barton. “The Effect of Gene Interactions on
    the Long-Term Response to Selection.” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 113, no. 16, National
    Academy of Sciences, 2016, pp. 4422–27, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518830113">10.1073/pnas.1518830113</a>.
  short: T. Paixao, N.H. Barton, PNAS 113 (2016) 4422–4427.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:51:34Z
date_published: 2016-04-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:50:08Z
day: '19'
department:
- _id: NiBa
- _id: CaGu
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1518830113
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '27044080'
intvolume: '       113'
issue: '16'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4843425/
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 4422 - 4427
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 25B07788-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '250152'
  name: Limits to selection in biology and in evolutionary computation
- _id: 25B1EC9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '618091'
  name: Speed of Adaptation in Population Genetics and Evolutionary Computation
publication: PNAS
publication_status: published
publisher: National Academy of Sciences
publist_id: '5886'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: The effect of gene interactions on the long-term response to selection
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 113
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '1666'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Evolution of gene regulation is crucial for our understanding of the phenotypic
    differences between species, populations and individuals. Sequence-specific binding
    of transcription factors to the regulatory regions on the DNA is a key regulatory
    mechanism that determines gene expression and hence heritable phenotypic variation.
    We use a biophysical model for directional selection on gene expression to estimate
    the rates of gain and loss of transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) in finite
    populations under both point and insertion/deletion mutations. Our results show
    that these rates are typically slow for a single TFBS in an isolated DNA region,
    unless the selection is extremely strong. These rates decrease drastically with
    increasing TFBS length or increasingly specific protein-DNA interactions, making
    the evolution of sites longer than ∼ 10 bp unlikely on typical eukaryotic speciation
    timescales. Similarly, evolution converges to the stationary distribution of binding
    sequences very slowly, making the equilibrium assumption questionable. The availability
    of longer regulatory sequences in which multiple binding sites can evolve simultaneously,
    the presence of “pre-sites” or partially decayed old sites in the initial sequence,
    and biophysical cooperativity between transcription factors, can all facilitate
    gain of TFBS and reconcile theoretical calculations with timescales inferred from
    comparative genomics.
author:
- first_name: Murat
  full_name: Tugrul, Murat
  id: 37C323C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Tugrul
  orcid: 0000-0002-8523-0758
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Paixao, Tiago
  id: 2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Paixao
  orcid: 0000-0003-2361-3953
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Gasper
  full_name: Tkacik, Gasper
  id: 3D494DCA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Tkacik
  orcid: 0000-0002-6699-1455
citation:
  ama: Tugrul M, Paixao T, Barton NH, Tkačik G. Dynamics of transcription factor binding
    site evolution. <i>PLoS Genetics</i>. 2015;11(11). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005639">10.1371/journal.pgen.1005639</a>
  apa: Tugrul, M., Paixao, T., Barton, N. H., &#38; Tkačik, G. (2015). Dynamics of
    transcription factor binding site evolution. <i>PLoS Genetics</i>. Public Library
    of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005639">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005639</a>
  chicago: Tugrul, Murat, Tiago Paixao, Nicholas H Barton, and Gašper Tkačik. “Dynamics
    of Transcription Factor Binding Site Evolution.” <i>PLoS Genetics</i>. Public
    Library of Science, 2015. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005639">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005639</a>.
  ieee: M. Tugrul, T. Paixao, N. H. Barton, and G. Tkačik, “Dynamics of transcription
    factor binding site evolution,” <i>PLoS Genetics</i>, vol. 11, no. 11. Public
    Library of Science, 2015.
  ista: Tugrul M, Paixao T, Barton NH, Tkačik G. 2015. Dynamics of transcription factor
    binding site evolution. PLoS Genetics. 11(11).
  mla: Tugrul, Murat, et al. “Dynamics of Transcription Factor Binding Site Evolution.”
    <i>PLoS Genetics</i>, vol. 11, no. 11, Public Library of Science, 2015, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005639">10.1371/journal.pgen.1005639</a>.
  short: M. Tugrul, T. Paixao, N.H. Barton, G. Tkačik, PLoS Genetics 11 (2015).
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:53:21Z
date_published: 2015-11-06T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-07T11:53:49Z
day: '06'
ddc:
- '576'
department:
- _id: NiBa
- _id: CaGu
- _id: GaTk
doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005639
ec_funded: 1
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: a4e72fca5ccf40ddacf4d08c8e46b554
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: system
  date_created: 2018-12-12T10:07:58Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:10Z
  file_id: '4657'
  file_name: IST-2016-463-v1+1_journal.pgen.1005639.pdf
  file_size: 2580778
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:10Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        11'
issue: '11'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 25B07788-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '250152'
  name: Limits to selection in biology and in evolutionary computation
publication: PLoS Genetics
publication_status: published
publisher: Public Library of Science
publist_id: '5483'
pubrep_id: '463'
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '9712'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
  - id: '1131'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: Dynamics of transcription factor binding site evolution
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 11
year: '2015'
...
---
_id: '1835'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The behaviour of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) is typically analysed using
    simulation-based statistical testing-like methods. In this paper, we demonstrate
    that we can replace this approach by a formal verification-like method that gives
    higher assurance and scalability. We focus on Wagner’s weighted GRN model with
    varying weights, which is used in evolutionary biology. In the model, weight parameters
    represent the gene interaction strength that may change due to genetic mutations.
    For a property of interest, we synthesise the constraints over the parameter space
    that represent the set of GRNs satisfying the property. We experimentally show
    that our parameter synthesis procedure computes the mutational robustness of GRNs
    –an important problem of interest in evolutionary biology– more efficiently than
    the classical simulation method. We specify the property in linear temporal logics.
    We employ symbolic bounded model checking and SMT solving to compute the space
    of GRNs that satisfy the property, which amounts to synthesizing a set of linear
    constraints on the weights.
acknowledgement: "SNSF Early Postdoc.Mobility Fellowship, the grant number P2EZP2
  148797.\r\n"
alternative_title:
- LNCS
author:
- first_name: Mirco
  full_name: Giacobbe, Mirco
  id: 3444EA5E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Giacobbe
  orcid: 0000-0001-8180-0904
- first_name: Calin C
  full_name: Guet, Calin C
  id: 47F8433E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Guet
  orcid: 0000-0001-6220-2052
- first_name: Ashutosh
  full_name: Gupta, Ashutosh
  id: 335E5684-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Gupta
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Paixao, Tiago
  id: 2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Paixao
  orcid: 0000-0003-2361-3953
- first_name: Tatjana
  full_name: Petrov, Tatjana
  id: 3D5811FC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Petrov
  orcid: 0000-0002-9041-0905
citation:
  ama: Giacobbe M, Guet CC, Gupta A, Henzinger TA, Paixao T, Petrov T. Model checking
    gene regulatory networks. 2015;9035:469-483. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46681-0_47">10.1007/978-3-662-46681-0_47</a>
  apa: 'Giacobbe, M., Guet, C. C., Gupta, A., Henzinger, T. A., Paixao, T., &#38;
    Petrov, T. (2015). Model checking gene regulatory networks. Presented at the TACAS:
    Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, London, United
    Kingdom: Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46681-0_47">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46681-0_47</a>'
  chicago: Giacobbe, Mirco, Calin C Guet, Ashutosh Gupta, Thomas A Henzinger, Tiago
    Paixao, and Tatjana Petrov. “Model Checking Gene Regulatory Networks.” Lecture
    Notes in Computer Science. Springer, 2015. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46681-0_47">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46681-0_47</a>.
  ieee: M. Giacobbe, C. C. Guet, A. Gupta, T. A. Henzinger, T. Paixao, and T. Petrov,
    “Model checking gene regulatory networks,” vol. 9035. Springer, pp. 469–483, 2015.
  ista: Giacobbe M, Guet CC, Gupta A, Henzinger TA, Paixao T, Petrov T. 2015. Model
    checking gene regulatory networks. 9035, 469–483.
  mla: Giacobbe, Mirco, et al. <i>Model Checking Gene Regulatory Networks</i>. Vol.
    9035, Springer, 2015, pp. 469–83, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46681-0_47">10.1007/978-3-662-46681-0_47</a>.
  short: M. Giacobbe, C.C. Guet, A. Gupta, T.A. Henzinger, T. Paixao, T. Petrov, 9035
    (2015) 469–483.
conference:
  end_date: 2015-04-18
  location: London, United Kingdom
  name: 'TACAS: Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems'
  start_date: 2015-04-11
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:54:16Z
date_published: 2015-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-05-28T11:57:04Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: ToHe
- _id: CaGu
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-46681-0_47
ec_funded: 1
intvolume: '      9035'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://arxiv.org/abs/1410.7704
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 469 - 483
project:
- _id: 25EE3708-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '267989'
  name: Quantitative Reactive Modeling
- _id: 25832EC2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: S 11407_N23
  name: Rigorous Systems Engineering
- _id: 25F42A32-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: Z211
  name: The Wittgenstein Prize
- _id: 25B1EC9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '618091'
  name: Speed of Adaptation in Population Genetics and Evolutionary Computation
- _id: 25B07788-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '250152'
  name: Limits to selection in biology and in evolutionary computation
- _id: 25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '291734'
  name: International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '5267'
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '1351'
    relation: later_version
    status: public
scopus_import: 1
series_title: Lecture Notes in Computer Science
status: public
title: Model checking gene regulatory networks
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 9035
year: '2015'
...
---
_id: '1542'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The theory of population genetics and evolutionary computation have been
    evolving separately for nearly 30 years. Many results have been independently
    obtained in both fields and many others are unique to its respective field. We
    aim to bridge this gap by developing a unifying framework for evolutionary processes
    that allows both evolutionary algorithms and population genetics models to be
    cast in the same formal framework. The framework we present here decomposes the
    evolutionary process into its several components in order to facilitate the identification
    of similarities between different models. In particular, we propose a classification
    of evolutionary operators based on the defining properties of the different components.
    We cast several commonly used operators from both fields into this common framework.
    Using this, we map different evolutionary and genetic algorithms to different
    evolutionary regimes and identify candidates with the most potential for the translation
    of results between the fields. This provides a unified description of evolutionary
    processes and represents a stepping stone towards new tools and results to both
    fields. '
author:
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Paixao, Tiago
  id: 2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Paixao
  orcid: 0000-0003-2361-3953
- first_name: Golnaz
  full_name: Badkobeh, Golnaz
  last_name: Badkobeh
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Doğan
  full_name: Çörüş, Doğan
  last_name: Çörüş
- first_name: Duccuong
  full_name: Dang, Duccuong
  last_name: Dang
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Friedrich, Tobias
  last_name: Friedrich
- first_name: Per
  full_name: Lehre, Per
  last_name: Lehre
- first_name: Dirk
  full_name: Sudholt, Dirk
  last_name: Sudholt
- first_name: Andrew
  full_name: Sutton, Andrew
  last_name: Sutton
- first_name: Barbora
  full_name: Trubenova, Barbora
  id: 42302D54-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Trubenova
  orcid: 0000-0002-6873-2967
citation:
  ama: Paixao T, Badkobeh G, Barton NH, et al. Toward a unifying framework for evolutionary
    processes. <i> Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>. 2015;383:28-43. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.07.011">10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.07.011</a>
  apa: Paixao, T., Badkobeh, G., Barton, N. H., Çörüş, D., Dang, D., Friedrich, T.,
    … Trubenova, B. (2015). Toward a unifying framework for evolutionary processes.
    <i> Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.07.011">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.07.011</a>
  chicago: Paixao, Tiago, Golnaz Badkobeh, Nicholas H Barton, Doğan Çörüş, Duccuong
    Dang, Tobias Friedrich, Per Lehre, Dirk Sudholt, Andrew Sutton, and Barbora Trubenova.
    “Toward a Unifying Framework for Evolutionary Processes.” <i> Journal of Theoretical
    Biology</i>. Elsevier, 2015. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.07.011">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.07.011</a>.
  ieee: T. Paixao <i>et al.</i>, “Toward a unifying framework for evolutionary processes,”
    <i> Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>, vol. 383. Elsevier, pp. 28–43, 2015.
  ista: Paixao T, Badkobeh G, Barton NH, Çörüş D, Dang D, Friedrich T, Lehre P, Sudholt
    D, Sutton A, Trubenova B. 2015. Toward a unifying framework for evolutionary processes.  Journal
    of Theoretical Biology. 383, 28–43.
  mla: Paixao, Tiago, et al. “Toward a Unifying Framework for Evolutionary Processes.”
    <i> Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>, vol. 383, Elsevier, 2015, pp. 28–43, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.07.011">10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.07.011</a>.
  short: T. Paixao, G. Badkobeh, N.H. Barton, D. Çörüş, D. Dang, T. Friedrich, P.
    Lehre, D. Sudholt, A. Sutton, B. Trubenova,  Journal of Theoretical Biology 383
    (2015) 28–43.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:52:37Z
date_published: 2015-10-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:51:29Z
day: '21'
ddc:
- '570'
department:
- _id: NiBa
- _id: CaGu
doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.07.011
ec_funded: 1
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 33b60ecfea60764756a9ee9df5eb65ca
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: system
  date_created: 2018-12-12T10:16:53Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:01Z
  file_id: '5244'
  file_name: IST-2016-483-v1+1_1-s2.0-S0022519315003409-main.pdf
  file_size: 595307
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:45:01Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '       383'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 28 - 43
project:
- _id: 25B1EC9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '618091'
  name: Speed of Adaptation in Population Genetics and Evolutionary Computation
- _id: 25B07788-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '250152'
  name: Limits to selection in biology and in evolutionary computation
publication: ' Journal of Theoretical Biology'
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '5629'
pubrep_id: '483'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: Toward a unifying framework for evolutionary processes
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc_nd.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
    (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
  short: CC BY-NC-ND (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 383
year: '2015'
...
---
_id: '1430'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) form a popular optimisation paradigm inspired
    by natural evolution. In recent years the field of evolutionary computation has
    developed a rigorous analytical theory to analyse their runtime on many illustrative
    problems. Here we apply this theory to a simple model of natural evolution. In
    the Strong Selection Weak Mutation (SSWM) evolutionary regime the time between
    occurrence of new mutations is much longer than the time it takes for a new beneficial
    mutation to take over the population. In this situation, the population only contains
    copies of one genotype and evolution can be modelled as a (1+1)-type process where
    the probability of accepting a new genotype (improvements or worsenings) depends
    on the change in fitness. We present an initial runtime analysis of SSWM, quantifying
    its performance for various parameters and investigating differences to the (1+1)
    EA. We show that SSWM can have a moderate advantage over the (1+1) EA at crossing
    fitness valleys and study an example where SSWM outperforms the (1+1) EA by taking
    advantage of information on the fitness gradient.
author:
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Paixao, Tiago
  id: 2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Paixao
  orcid: 0000-0003-2361-3953
- first_name: Dirk
  full_name: Sudholt, Dirk
  last_name: Sudholt
- first_name: Jorge
  full_name: Heredia, Jorge
  last_name: Heredia
- first_name: Barbora
  full_name: Trubenova, Barbora
  id: 42302D54-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Trubenova
  orcid: 0000-0002-6873-2967
citation:
  ama: 'Paixao T, Sudholt D, Heredia J, Trubenova B. First steps towards a runtime
    comparison of natural and artificial evolution. In: <i>Proceedings of the 2015
    Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation</i>. ACM; 2015:1455-1462.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2739480.2754758">10.1145/2739480.2754758</a>'
  apa: 'Paixao, T., Sudholt, D., Heredia, J., &#38; Trubenova, B. (2015). First steps
    towards a runtime comparison of natural and artificial evolution. In <i>Proceedings
    of the 2015 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation</i> (pp.
    1455–1462). Madrid, Spain: ACM. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2739480.2754758">https://doi.org/10.1145/2739480.2754758</a>'
  chicago: Paixao, Tiago, Dirk Sudholt, Jorge Heredia, and Barbora Trubenova. “First
    Steps towards a Runtime Comparison of Natural and Artificial Evolution.” In <i>Proceedings
    of the 2015 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation</i>, 1455–62.
    ACM, 2015. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2739480.2754758">https://doi.org/10.1145/2739480.2754758</a>.
  ieee: T. Paixao, D. Sudholt, J. Heredia, and B. Trubenova, “First steps towards
    a runtime comparison of natural and artificial evolution,” in <i>Proceedings of
    the 2015 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation</i>, Madrid,
    Spain, 2015, pp. 1455–1462.
  ista: 'Paixao T, Sudholt D, Heredia J, Trubenova B. 2015. First steps towards a
    runtime comparison of natural and artificial evolution. Proceedings of the 2015
    Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation. GECCO: Genetic and
    evolutionary computation conference, 1455–1462.'
  mla: Paixao, Tiago, et al. “First Steps towards a Runtime Comparison of Natural
    and Artificial Evolution.” <i>Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Conference on Genetic
    and Evolutionary Computation</i>, ACM, 2015, pp. 1455–62, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2739480.2754758">10.1145/2739480.2754758</a>.
  short: T. Paixao, D. Sudholt, J. Heredia, B. Trubenova, in:, Proceedings of the
    2015 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, ACM, 2015, pp.
    1455–1462.
conference:
  end_date: 2015-07-15
  location: Madrid, Spain
  name: 'GECCO: Genetic and evolutionary computation conference'
  start_date: 2015-07-11
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:51:58Z
date_published: 2015-07-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:50:41Z
day: '11'
department:
- _id: NiBa
- _id: CaGu
doi: 10.1145/2739480.2754758
ec_funded: 1
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.06260
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 1455 - 1462
project:
- _id: 25B1EC9E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '618091'
  name: Speed of Adaptation in Population Genetics and Evolutionary Computation
publication: Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary
  Computation
publication_status: published
publisher: ACM
publist_id: '5768'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: First steps towards a runtime comparison of natural and artificial evolution
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2015'
...
---
_id: '9712'
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Murat
  full_name: Tugrul, Murat
  id: 37C323C6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Tugrul
  orcid: 0000-0002-8523-0758
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Paixao, Tiago
  id: 2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Paixao
  orcid: 0000-0003-2361-3953
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Gašper
  full_name: Tkačik, Gašper
  id: 3D494DCA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Tkačik
  orcid: 0000-0002-6699-1455
citation:
  ama: Tugrul M, Paixao T, Barton NH, Tkačik G. Other fitness models for comparison
    &#38; for interacting TFBSs. 2015. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005639.s001">10.1371/journal.pgen.1005639.s001</a>
  apa: Tugrul, M., Paixao, T., Barton, N. H., &#38; Tkačik, G. (2015). Other fitness
    models for comparison &#38; for interacting TFBSs. Public Library of Science.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005639.s001">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005639.s001</a>
  chicago: Tugrul, Murat, Tiago Paixao, Nicholas H Barton, and Gašper Tkačik. “Other
    Fitness Models for Comparison &#38; for Interacting TFBSs.” Public Library of
    Science, 2015. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005639.s001">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005639.s001</a>.
  ieee: M. Tugrul, T. Paixao, N. H. Barton, and G. Tkačik, “Other fitness models for
    comparison &#38; for interacting TFBSs.” Public Library of Science, 2015.
  ista: Tugrul M, Paixao T, Barton NH, Tkačik G. 2015. Other fitness models for comparison
    &#38; for interacting TFBSs, Public Library of Science, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005639.s001">10.1371/journal.pgen.1005639.s001</a>.
  mla: Tugrul, Murat, et al. <i>Other Fitness Models for Comparison &#38; for Interacting
    TFBSs</i>. Public Library of Science, 2015, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005639.s001">10.1371/journal.pgen.1005639.s001</a>.
  short: M. Tugrul, T. Paixao, N.H. Barton, G. Tkačik, (2015).
date_created: 2021-07-23T12:00:37Z
date_published: 2015-11-06T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-05-28T11:57:04Z
day: '06'
department:
- _id: NiBa
- _id: CaGu
- _id: GaTk
doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005639.s001
month: '11'
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Public Library of Science
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '1666'
    relation: used_in_publication
    status: public
status: public
title: Other fitness models for comparison & for interacting TFBSs
type: research_data_reference
user_id: 6785fbc1-c503-11eb-8a32-93094b40e1cf
year: '2015'
...
---
_id: '2169'
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Sebastian
  full_name: Novak, Sebastian
  id: 461468AE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Novak
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Paixao, Tiago
  id: 2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Paixao
  orcid: 0000-0003-2361-3953
citation:
  ama: Barton NH, Novak S, Paixao T. Diverse forms of selection in evolution and computer
    science. <i>PNAS</i>. 2014;111(29):10398-10399. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1410107111">10.1073/pnas.1410107111</a>
  apa: Barton, N. H., Novak, S., &#38; Paixao, T. (2014). Diverse forms of selection
    in evolution and computer science. <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of Sciences.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1410107111">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1410107111</a>
  chicago: Barton, Nicholas H, Sebastian Novak, and Tiago Paixao. “Diverse Forms of
    Selection in Evolution and Computer Science.” <i>PNAS</i>. National Academy of
    Sciences, 2014. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1410107111">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1410107111</a>.
  ieee: N. H. Barton, S. Novak, and T. Paixao, “Diverse forms of selection in evolution
    and computer science,” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 111, no. 29. National Academy of Sciences,
    pp. 10398–10399, 2014.
  ista: Barton NH, Novak S, Paixao T. 2014. Diverse forms of selection in evolution
    and computer science. PNAS. 111(29), 10398–10399.
  mla: Barton, Nicholas H., et al. “Diverse Forms of Selection in Evolution and Computer
    Science.” <i>PNAS</i>, vol. 111, no. 29, National Academy of Sciences, 2014, pp.
    10398–99, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1410107111">10.1073/pnas.1410107111</a>.
  short: N.H. Barton, S. Novak, T. Paixao, PNAS 111 (2014) 10398–10399.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:56:07Z
date_published: 2014-07-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-01-12T06:55:45Z
day: '22'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1410107111
intvolume: '       111'
issue: '29'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4115508/
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: 10398 - 10399
publication: PNAS
publication_status: published
publisher: National Academy of Sciences
publist_id: '4815'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: 1
status: public
title: Diverse forms of selection in evolution and computer science
type: journal_article
user_id: 4435EBFC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 111
year: '2014'
...
---
_id: '2252'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The pattern of inheritance and mechanism of sex determination can have important
    evolutionary consequences. We studied probabilistic sex determination in the ciliate
    Tetrahymena thermophila, which was previously shown to cause evolution of skewed
    sex ratios. We find that the genetic background alters the sex determination patterns
    of mat alleles in heterozygotes and that allelic interaction can differentially
    influence the expression probability of the 7 sexes. We quantify the dominance
    relationships between several mat alleles and find that A-type alleles, which
    specify sex I, are indeed recessive to B-type alleles, which are unable to specify
    that sex. Our results provide additional support for the presence of modifier
    loci and raise implications for the dynamics of sex ratios in populations of T.
    thermophila.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Sujal
  full_name: Phadke, Sujal
  last_name: Phadke
- first_name: Tiago
  full_name: Paixao, Tiago
  id: 2C5658E6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Paixao
  orcid: 0000-0003-2361-3953
- first_name: Tuan
  full_name: Pham, Tuan
  last_name: Pham
- first_name: Stephanie
  full_name: Pham, Stephanie
  last_name: Pham
- first_name: Rebecca
  full_name: Zufall, Rebecca
  last_name: Zufall
citation:
  ama: Phadke S, Paixao T, Pham T, Pham S, Zufall R. Genetic background alters dominance
    relationships between mat alleles in the ciliate Tetrahymena Thermophila. <i>Journal
    of Heredity</i>. 2014;105(1):130-135. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/est063">10.1093/jhered/est063</a>
  apa: Phadke, S., Paixao, T., Pham, T., Pham, S., &#38; Zufall, R. (2014). Genetic
    background alters dominance relationships between mat alleles in the ciliate Tetrahymena
    Thermophila. <i>Journal of Heredity</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/est063">https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/est063</a>
  chicago: Phadke, Sujal, Tiago Paixao, Tuan Pham, Stephanie Pham, and Rebecca Zufall.
    “Genetic Background Alters Dominance Relationships between Mat Alleles in the
    Ciliate Tetrahymena Thermophila.” <i>Journal of Heredity</i>. Oxford University
    Press, 2014. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/est063">https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/est063</a>.
  ieee: S. Phadke, T. Paixao, T. Pham, S. Pham, and R. Zufall, “Genetic background
    alters dominance relationships between mat alleles in the ciliate Tetrahymena
    Thermophila,” <i>Journal of Heredity</i>, vol. 105, no. 1. Oxford University Press,
    pp. 130–135, 2014.
  ista: Phadke S, Paixao T, Pham T, Pham S, Zufall R. 2014. Genetic background alters
    dominance relationships between mat alleles in the ciliate Tetrahymena Thermophila.
    Journal of Heredity. 105(1), 130–135.
  mla: Phadke, Sujal, et al. “Genetic Background Alters Dominance Relationships between
    Mat Alleles in the Ciliate Tetrahymena Thermophila.” <i>Journal of Heredity</i>,
    vol. 105, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2014, pp. 130–35, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/est063">10.1093/jhered/est063</a>.
  short: S. Phadke, T. Paixao, T. Pham, S. Pham, R. Zufall, Journal of Heredity 105
    (2014) 130–135.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:56:35Z
date_published: 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-25T14:45:42Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: NiBa
doi: 10.1093/jhered/est063
intvolume: '       105'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa_version: None
page: 130 - 135
publication: Journal of Heredity
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - '00221503'
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
publist_id: '4695'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Genetic background alters dominance relationships between mat alleles in the
  ciliate Tetrahymena Thermophila
type: journal_article
user_id: 3E5EF7F0-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 105
year: '2014'
...
