---
_id: '8909'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Spin qubits are considered to be among the most promising candidates for building
    a quantum processor. Group IV hole spin qubits have moved into the focus of interest
    due to the ease of operation and compatibility with Si technology. In addition,
    Ge offers the option for monolithic superconductor-semiconductor integration.
    Here we demonstrate a hole spin qubit operating at fields below 10 mT, the critical
    field of Al, by exploiting the large out-of-plane hole g-factors in planar Ge
    and by encoding the qubit into the singlet-triplet states of a double quantum
    dot. We observe electrically controlled X and Z-rotations with tunable frequencies
    exceeding 100 MHz and dephasing times of 1μs which we extend beyond 15μs with
    echo techniques. These results show that Ge hole singlet triplet qubits outperform
    their electronic Si and GaAs based counterparts in speed and coherence, respectively.
    In addition, they are on par with Ge single spin qubits, but can be operated at
    much lower fields underlining their potential for on chip integration with superconducting
    technologies.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units of Institute
  of Science and Technology (IST) Austria through resources provided by the Miba Machine
  Shop and the nanofabrication facility, and was made possible with the support of
  the NOMIS Foundation. This project has received funding from the European Union’s
  Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant
  agreements no. 844511 and no. 75441, and by the Austrian Science Fund FWF-P 30207
  project. A.B. acknowledges support from the European Union Horizon 2020 FET project
  microSPIRE, no. 766955. M. Botifoll and J.A. acknowledge funding from Generalitat
  de Catalunya 2017 SGR 327. The Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
  (ICN2) is supported by the Severo Ochoa programme from the Spanish Ministery of
  Economy (MINECO) (grant no. SEV-2017-0706) and is funded by the Catalonian Research
  Centre (CERCA) Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present work has
  been performed within the framework of the Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona Materials
  Science PhD programme. Part of the HAADF scanning transmission electron microscopy
  was conducted in the Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas at Instituto de Nanociencia
  de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza. ICN2 acknowledge support from the Spanish Superior
  Council of Scientific Research (CSIC) Research Platform on Quantum Technologies
  PTI-001. M.B. acknowledges funding from the Catalan Agency for Management of University
  and Research Grants (AGAUR) Generalitat de Catalunya formation of investigators
  (FI) PhD grant.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Jirovec, Daniel
  id: 4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jirovec
  orcid: 0000-0002-7197-4801
- first_name: Andrea C
  full_name: Hofmann, Andrea C
  id: 340F461A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: Andrea
  full_name: Ballabio, Andrea
  last_name: Ballabio
- first_name: Philipp M.
  full_name: Mutter, Philipp M.
  last_name: Mutter
- first_name: Giulio
  full_name: Tavani, Giulio
  last_name: Tavani
- first_name: Marc
  full_name: Botifoll, Marc
  last_name: Botifoll
- first_name: Alessandro
  full_name: Crippa, Alessandro
  id: 1F2B21A2-F6E7-11E9-9B82-F7DBE5697425
  last_name: Crippa
  orcid: 0000-0002-2968-611X
- first_name: Josip
  full_name: Kukucka, Josip
  id: 3F5D8856-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Kukucka
- first_name: Oliver
  full_name: Sagi, Oliver
  id: 71616374-A8E9-11E9-A7CA-09ECE5697425
  last_name: Sagi
- first_name: Frederico
  full_name: Martins, Frederico
  id: 38F80F9A-1CB8-11EA-BC76-B49B3DDC885E
  last_name: Martins
  orcid: 0000-0003-2668-2401
- first_name: Jaime
  full_name: Saez Mollejo, Jaime
  id: e0390f72-f6e0-11ea-865d-862393336714
  last_name: Saez Mollejo
- first_name: Ivan
  full_name: Prieto Gonzalez, Ivan
  id: 2A307FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Prieto Gonzalez
  orcid: 0000-0002-7370-5357
- first_name: Maksim
  full_name: Borovkov, Maksim
  id: 2ac7a0a2-3562-11eb-9256-fbd18ea55087
  last_name: Borovkov
- first_name: Jordi
  full_name: Arbiol, Jordi
  last_name: Arbiol
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
  last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Isella, Giovanni
  last_name: Isella
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Jirovec D, Hofmann AC, Ballabio A, et al. A singlet triplet hole spin qubit
    in planar Ge. <i>Nature Materials</i>. 2021;20(8):1106–1112. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2">10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2</a>
  apa: Jirovec, D., Hofmann, A. C., Ballabio, A., Mutter, P. M., Tavani, G., Botifoll,
    M., … Katsaros, G. (2021). A singlet triplet hole spin qubit in planar Ge. <i>Nature
    Materials</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2</a>
  chicago: Jirovec, Daniel, Andrea C Hofmann, Andrea Ballabio, Philipp M. Mutter,
    Giulio Tavani, Marc Botifoll, Alessandro Crippa, et al. “A Singlet Triplet Hole
    Spin Qubit in Planar Ge.” <i>Nature Materials</i>. Springer Nature, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2</a>.
  ieee: D. Jirovec <i>et al.</i>, “A singlet triplet hole spin qubit in planar Ge,”
    <i>Nature Materials</i>, vol. 20, no. 8. Springer Nature, pp. 1106–1112, 2021.
  ista: Jirovec D, Hofmann AC, Ballabio A, Mutter PM, Tavani G, Botifoll M, Crippa
    A, Kukucka J, Sagi O, Martins F, Saez Mollejo J, Prieto Gonzalez I, Borovkov M,
    Arbiol J, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. 2021. A singlet triplet hole spin
    qubit in planar Ge. Nature Materials. 20(8), 1106–1112.
  mla: Jirovec, Daniel, et al. “A Singlet Triplet Hole Spin Qubit in Planar Ge.” <i>Nature
    Materials</i>, vol. 20, no. 8, Springer Nature, 2021, pp. 1106–1112, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2">10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2</a>.
  short: D. Jirovec, A.C. Hofmann, A. Ballabio, P.M. Mutter, G. Tavani, M. Botifoll,
    A. Crippa, J. Kukucka, O. Sagi, F. Martins, J. Saez Mollejo, I. Prieto Gonzalez,
    M. Borovkov, J. Arbiol, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, Nature Materials
    20 (2021) 1106–1112.
date_created: 2020-12-02T10:50:47Z
date_published: 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-03-25T23:30:14Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: GeKa
- _id: NanoFab
- _id: GradSch
doi: 10.1038/s41563-021-01022-2
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2011.13755'
  isi:
  - '000657596400001'
intvolume: '        20'
isi: 1
issue: '8'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.13755
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 1106–1112
project:
- _id: 26A151DA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '844511'
  name: Majorana bound states in Ge/SiGe heterostructures
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 2641CE5E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: P30207
  name: Hole spin orbit qubits in Ge quantum wells
- _id: 262116AA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  name: Hybrid Semiconductor - Superconductor Quantum Devices
publication: Nature Materials
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1476-4660
  issn:
  - 1476-1122
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - description: News on IST Homepage
    relation: press_release
    url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/quantum-computing-with-holes/
  record:
  - id: '9323'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
  - id: '10058'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A singlet triplet hole spin qubit in planar Ge
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 20
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '9038'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Layered materials in which individual atomic layers are bonded by weak van
    der Waals forces (vdW materials) constitute one of the most prominent platforms
    for materials research. Particularly, polar vdW crystals, such as hexagonal boron
    nitride (h-BN), alpha-molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) or alpha-vanadium pentoxide
    (α-V2O5), have received significant attention in nano-optics, since they support
    phonon polaritons (PhPs)―light coupled to lattice vibrations― with strong electromagnetic
    confinement and low optical losses. Recently, correlative far- and near-field
    studies of α-MoO3 have been demonstrated as an effective strategy to accurately
    extract the permittivity of this material. Here, we use this accurately characterized
    and low-loss polaritonic material to sense its local dielectric environment, namely
    silica (SiO2), one of the most widespread substrates in nanotechnology. By studying
    the propagation of PhPs on α-MoO3 flakes with different thicknesses laying on
    SiO2 substrates via near-field microscopy (s-SNOM), we extract locally the infrared
    permittivity of SiO2. Our work reveals PhPs nanoimaging as a versatile method
    for the quantitative characterization of the local optical properties of dielectric
    substrates, crucial for understanding and predicting the response of nanomaterials
    and for the future scalability of integrated nanophotonic devices. '
acknowledgement: "P.A.-M. acknowledges financial support through JAE Intro program
  from the Superior\r\nCouncil of Scientific Investigations and the Spanish Ministry
  of Science and Innovation (grant number JAEINT_20_00589). G.Á.-P. and J.T.-G. acknowledge
  financial support through the Severo Ochoa Program from the Government of the Principality
  of Asturias (grant numbers PA-20-PF-BP19-053 and PA-18-PF-BP17-126, respectively).
  J.M.-S. acknowledges financial support from the Ramón y Cajal Program of the Government
  of Spain (RYC2018-026196-I) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (State
  Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation grant number PID2019-110308GA-I00).
  P.A.-G. acknowledges support from the European Research Council under starting grant
  no. 715496, 2DNANOPTICA and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (State
  Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation grant number PID2019-111156GB-I00)."
article_number: '120'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Patricia
  full_name: Aguilar-Merino, Patricia
  last_name: Aguilar-Merino
- first_name: Gonzalo
  full_name: Álvarez-Pérez, Gonzalo
  last_name: Álvarez-Pérez
- first_name: Javier
  full_name: Taboada-Gutiérrez, Javier
  last_name: Taboada-Gutiérrez
- first_name: Jiahua
  full_name: Duan, Jiahua
  last_name: Duan
- first_name: Ivan
  full_name: Prieto Gonzalez, Ivan
  id: 2A307FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Prieto Gonzalez
  orcid: 0000-0002-7370-5357
- first_name: Luis Manuel
  full_name: Álvarez-Prado, Luis Manuel
  last_name: Álvarez-Prado
- first_name: Alexey Y.
  full_name: Nikitin, Alexey Y.
  last_name: Nikitin
- first_name: Javier
  full_name: Martín-Sánchez, Javier
  last_name: Martín-Sánchez
- first_name: Pablo
  full_name: Alonso-González, Pablo
  last_name: Alonso-González
citation:
  ama: Aguilar-Merino P, Álvarez-Pérez G, Taboada-Gutiérrez J, et al. Extracting the
    infrared permittivity of SiO2 substrates locally by near-field imaging of phonon
    polaritons in a van der Waals crystal. <i>Nanomaterials</i>. 2021;11(1). doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11010120">10.3390/nano11010120</a>
  apa: Aguilar-Merino, P., Álvarez-Pérez, G., Taboada-Gutiérrez, J., Duan, J., Prieto
    Gonzalez, I., Álvarez-Prado, L. M., … Alonso-González, P. (2021). Extracting the
    infrared permittivity of SiO2 substrates locally by near-field imaging of phonon
    polaritons in a van der Waals crystal. <i>Nanomaterials</i>. MDPI. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11010120">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11010120</a>
  chicago: Aguilar-Merino, Patricia, Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez, Javier Taboada-Gutiérrez,
    Jiahua Duan, Ivan Prieto Gonzalez, Luis Manuel Álvarez-Prado, Alexey Y. Nikitin,
    Javier Martín-Sánchez, and Pablo Alonso-González. “Extracting the Infrared Permittivity
    of SiO2 Substrates Locally by Near-Field Imaging of Phonon Polaritons in a van
    Der Waals Crystal.” <i>Nanomaterials</i>. MDPI, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11010120">https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11010120</a>.
  ieee: P. Aguilar-Merino <i>et al.</i>, “Extracting the infrared permittivity of
    SiO2 substrates locally by near-field imaging of phonon polaritons in a van der
    Waals crystal,” <i>Nanomaterials</i>, vol. 11, no. 1. MDPI, 2021.
  ista: Aguilar-Merino P, Álvarez-Pérez G, Taboada-Gutiérrez J, Duan J, Prieto Gonzalez
    I, Álvarez-Prado LM, Nikitin AY, Martín-Sánchez J, Alonso-González P. 2021. Extracting
    the infrared permittivity of SiO2 substrates locally by near-field imaging of
    phonon polaritons in a van der Waals crystal. Nanomaterials. 11(1), 120.
  mla: Aguilar-Merino, Patricia, et al. “Extracting the Infrared Permittivity of SiO2
    Substrates Locally by Near-Field Imaging of Phonon Polaritons in a van Der Waals
    Crystal.” <i>Nanomaterials</i>, vol. 11, no. 1, 120, MDPI, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11010120">10.3390/nano11010120</a>.
  short: P. Aguilar-Merino, G. Álvarez-Pérez, J. Taboada-Gutiérrez, J. Duan, I. Prieto
    Gonzalez, L.M. Álvarez-Prado, A.Y. Nikitin, J. Martín-Sánchez, P. Alonso-González,
    Nanomaterials 11 (2021).
date_created: 2021-01-24T23:01:09Z
date_published: 2021-01-07T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-07T13:35:50Z
day: '07'
ddc:
- '620'
department:
- _id: NanoFab
doi: 10.3390/nano11010120
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000610636600001'
  pmid:
  - '33430225'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 1edc13eeda83df5cd9fff9504727b1f5
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2021-01-25T08:02:32Z
  date_updated: 2021-01-25T08:02:32Z
  file_id: '9042'
  file_name: 2020_Nanomaterials_Aguilar_Merino.pdf
  file_size: 2730267
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-01-25T08:02:32Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        11'
isi: 1
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: Nanomaterials
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - '20794991'
publication_status: published
publisher: MDPI
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Extracting the infrared permittivity of SiO2 substrates locally by near-field
  imaging of phonon polaritons in a van der Waals crystal
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 11
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '9334'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Polaritons with directional in-plane propagation and ultralow losses in van
    der Waals (vdW) crystals promise unprecedented manipulation of light at the nanoscale.
    However, these polaritons present a crucial limitation: their directional propagation
    is intrinsically determined by the crystal structure of the host material, imposing
    forbidden directions of propagation. Here, we demonstrate that directional polaritons
    (in-plane hyperbolic phonon polaritons) in a vdW crystal (α-phase molybdenum trioxide)
    can be directed along forbidden directions by inducing an optical topological
    transition, which emerges when the slab is placed on a substrate with a given
    negative permittivity (4H–silicon carbide). By visualizing the transition in real
    space, we observe exotic polaritonic states between mutually orthogonal hyperbolic
    regimes, which unveil the topological origin of the transition: a gap opening
    in the dispersion. This work provides insights into optical topological transitions
    in vdW crystals, which introduce a route to direct light at the nanoscale.'
acknowledgement: 'G.Á.-P. and J.T.-G. acknowledge support through the Severo Ochoa
  Program from the government of the Principality of Asturias (grant nos. PA20-PF-BP19-053
  and PA-18-PF-BP17-126, respectively). K.V.V. and V.S.V. acknowledge the Ministry
  of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (no. 0714-2020-0002).
  J. M.-S. acknowledges financial support through the Ramón y Cajal Program from the
  government of Spain and FSE (RYC2018-026196-I). A.Y.N. acknowledges the Spanish
  Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (national project no. MAT201788358-C3-3-R),
  and the Basque Department of Education (PIBA-2020-1-0014). P.A.-G. acknowledges
  support from the European Research Council under starting grant no. 715496, 2DNANOPTICA. '
article_number: eabf2690
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: J.
  full_name: Duan, J.
  last_name: Duan
- first_name: G.
  full_name: Álvarez-Pérez, G.
  last_name: Álvarez-Pérez
- first_name: K. V.
  full_name: Voronin, K. V.
  last_name: Voronin
- first_name: Ivan
  full_name: Prieto Gonzalez, Ivan
  id: 2A307FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Prieto Gonzalez
  orcid: 0000-0002-7370-5357
- first_name: J.
  full_name: Taboada-Gutiérrez, J.
  last_name: Taboada-Gutiérrez
- first_name: V. S.
  full_name: Volkov, V. S.
  last_name: Volkov
- first_name: J.
  full_name: Martín-Sánchez, J.
  last_name: Martín-Sánchez
- first_name: A. Y.
  full_name: Nikitin, A. Y.
  last_name: Nikitin
- first_name: P.
  full_name: Alonso-González, P.
  last_name: Alonso-González
citation:
  ama: Duan J, Álvarez-Pérez G, Voronin KV, et al. Enabling propagation of anisotropic
    polaritons along forbidden directions via a topological transition. <i>Science
    Advances</i>. 2021;7(14). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf2690">10.1126/sciadv.abf2690</a>
  apa: Duan, J., Álvarez-Pérez, G., Voronin, K. V., Prieto Gonzalez, I., Taboada-Gutiérrez,
    J., Volkov, V. S., … Alonso-González, P. (2021). Enabling propagation of anisotropic
    polaritons along forbidden directions via a topological transition. <i>Science
    Advances</i>. AAAS. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf2690">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf2690</a>
  chicago: Duan, J., G. Álvarez-Pérez, K. V. Voronin, Ivan Prieto Gonzalez, J. Taboada-Gutiérrez,
    V. S. Volkov, J. Martín-Sánchez, A. Y. Nikitin, and P. Alonso-González. “Enabling
    Propagation of Anisotropic Polaritons along Forbidden Directions via a Topological
    Transition.” <i>Science Advances</i>. AAAS, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf2690">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf2690</a>.
  ieee: J. Duan <i>et al.</i>, “Enabling propagation of anisotropic polaritons along
    forbidden directions via a topological transition,” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol.
    7, no. 14. AAAS, 2021.
  ista: Duan J, Álvarez-Pérez G, Voronin KV, Prieto Gonzalez I, Taboada-Gutiérrez
    J, Volkov VS, Martín-Sánchez J, Nikitin AY, Alonso-González P. 2021. Enabling
    propagation of anisotropic polaritons along forbidden directions via a topological
    transition. Science Advances. 7(14), eabf2690.
  mla: Duan, J., et al. “Enabling Propagation of Anisotropic Polaritons along Forbidden
    Directions via a Topological Transition.” <i>Science Advances</i>, vol. 7, no.
    14, eabf2690, AAAS, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf2690">10.1126/sciadv.abf2690</a>.
  short: J. Duan, G. Álvarez-Pérez, K.V. Voronin, I. Prieto Gonzalez, J. Taboada-Gutiérrez,
    V.S. Volkov, J. Martín-Sánchez, A.Y. Nikitin, P. Alonso-González, Science Advances
    7 (2021).
date_created: 2021-04-18T22:01:42Z
date_published: 2021-04-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-08T13:11:31Z
day: '02'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: NanoFab
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abf2690
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000636455600027'
  pmid:
  - '33811076'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 4b383d4a1d484a71bbc64ecf401bbdbb
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2021-04-19T11:17:29Z
  date_updated: 2021-04-19T11:17:29Z
  file_id: '9343'
  file_name: 2021_ScienceAdv_Duan.pdf
  file_size: 717489
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-04-19T11:17:29Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         7'
isi: 1
issue: '14'
language:
- iso: eng
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
publication: Science Advances
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - '23752548'
publication_status: published
publisher: AAAS
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Enabling propagation of anisotropic polaritons along forbidden directions via
  a topological transition
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
  short: CC BY-NC (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 7
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '10177'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Phonon polaritons (PhPs)—light coupled to lattice vibrations—with in-plane
    hyperbolic dispersion exhibit ray-like propagation with large wave vectors and
    enhanced density of optical states along certain directions on a surface. As such,
    they have raised a surge of interest, promising unprecedented manipulation of
    infrared light at the nanoscale in a planar circuitry. Here, we demonstrate focusing
    of in-plane hyperbolic PhPs propagating along thin slabs of α-MoO3. To that end,
    we developed metallic nanoantennas of convex geometries for both efficient launching
    and focusing of the polaritons. The foci obtained exhibit enhanced near-field
    confinement and absorption compared to foci produced by in-plane isotropic PhPs.
    Foci sizes as small as λp/4.5 = λ0/50 were achieved (λp is the polariton wavelength
    and λ0 is the photon wavelength). Focusing of in-plane hyperbolic polaritons introduces
    a first and most basic building block developing planar polariton optics using
    in-plane anisotropic van der Waals materials.
acknowledgement: J.M.-S. acknowledges financial support from the Ramón y Cajal Program
  of the Government of Spain and FSE (RYC2018-026196-I) and the Spanish Ministry of
  Science and Innovation (State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation
  grant number PID2019-110308GA-I00). P.A.-G. acknowledges support from the European
  Research Council under starting grant no. 715496, 2DNANOPTICA, and the Spanish Ministry
  of Science and Innovation (State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and
  Innovation grant number PID2019-111156GB-I00). J.T.-G. acknowledges support through
  the Severo Ochoa Program from the Government of the Principality of Asturias (PA-18-PF-BP17-126).
  G.A.-P. acknowledges support through the Severo Ochoa Program from the Government
  of the Principality of Asturias (PA-20-PF-BP19-053). K.V.V. and V.S.V. acknowledge
  the financial support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian
  Federation (agreement no. 075-15-2021-606). A.Y.N. acknowledges the Spanish Ministry
  of Science, Innovation, and Universities (national projects MAT2017-88358-C3-3-R
  and PID2020-115221GB-C42) and the Basque Department of Education (PIBA-2020-1-0014).
  R.H. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation,
  and Universities (national project number RTI2018-094830-B-100 and project number
  MDM-2016-0618 of the Marie de Maeztu Units of Excellence Program) and the Basque
  Government (grant number IT1164-19).
article_number: abj0127
article_processing_charge: Yes
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Javier
  full_name: Martín-Sánchez, Javier
  last_name: Martín-Sánchez
- first_name: Jiahua
  full_name: Duan, Jiahua
  last_name: Duan
- first_name: Javier
  full_name: Taboada-Gutiérrez, Javier
  last_name: Taboada-Gutiérrez
- first_name: Gonzalo
  full_name: Álvarez-Pérez, Gonzalo
  last_name: Álvarez-Pérez
- first_name: Kirill V.
  full_name: Voronin, Kirill V.
  last_name: Voronin
- first_name: Ivan
  full_name: Prieto Gonzalez, Ivan
  id: 2A307FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Prieto Gonzalez
  orcid: 0000-0002-7370-5357
- first_name: Weiliang
  full_name: Ma, Weiliang
  last_name: Ma
- first_name: Qiaoliang
  full_name: Bao, Qiaoliang
  last_name: Bao
- first_name: Valentyn S.
  full_name: Volkov, Valentyn S.
  last_name: Volkov
- first_name: Rainer
  full_name: Hillenbrand, Rainer
  last_name: Hillenbrand
- first_name: Alexey Y.
  full_name: Nikitin, Alexey Y.
  last_name: Nikitin
- first_name: Pablo
  full_name: Alonso-González, Pablo
  last_name: Alonso-González
citation:
  ama: Martín-Sánchez J, Duan J, Taboada-Gutiérrez J, et al. Focusing of in-plane
    hyperbolic polaritons in van der Waals crystals with tailored infrared nanoantennas.
    <i>Science Advances</i>. 2021;7(41). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj0127">10.1126/sciadv.abj0127</a>
  apa: Martín-Sánchez, J., Duan, J., Taboada-Gutiérrez, J., Álvarez-Pérez, G., Voronin,
    K. V., Prieto Gonzalez, I., … Alonso-González, P. (2021). Focusing of in-plane
    hyperbolic polaritons in van der Waals crystals with tailored infrared nanoantennas.
    <i>Science Advances</i>. American Association for the Advancement of Science.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj0127">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj0127</a>
  chicago: Martín-Sánchez, Javier, Jiahua Duan, Javier Taboada-Gutiérrez, Gonzalo
    Álvarez-Pérez, Kirill V. Voronin, Ivan Prieto Gonzalez, Weiliang Ma, et al. “Focusing
    of In-Plane Hyperbolic Polaritons in van Der Waals Crystals with Tailored Infrared
    Nanoantennas.” <i>Science Advances</i>. American Association for the Advancement
    of Science, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj0127">https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj0127</a>.
  ieee: J. Martín-Sánchez <i>et al.</i>, “Focusing of in-plane hyperbolic polaritons
    in van der Waals crystals with tailored infrared nanoantennas,” <i>Science Advances</i>,
    vol. 7, no. 41. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2021.
  ista: Martín-Sánchez J, Duan J, Taboada-Gutiérrez J, Álvarez-Pérez G, Voronin KV,
    Prieto Gonzalez I, Ma W, Bao Q, Volkov VS, Hillenbrand R, Nikitin AY, Alonso-González
    P. 2021. Focusing of in-plane hyperbolic polaritons in van der Waals crystals
    with tailored infrared nanoantennas. Science Advances. 7(41), abj0127.
  mla: Martín-Sánchez, Javier, et al. “Focusing of In-Plane Hyperbolic Polaritons
    in van Der Waals Crystals with Tailored Infrared Nanoantennas.” <i>Science Advances</i>,
    vol. 7, no. 41, abj0127, American Association for the Advancement of Science,
    2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj0127">10.1126/sciadv.abj0127</a>.
  short: J. Martín-Sánchez, J. Duan, J. Taboada-Gutiérrez, G. Álvarez-Pérez, K.V.
    Voronin, I. Prieto Gonzalez, W. Ma, Q. Bao, V.S. Volkov, R. Hillenbrand, A.Y.
    Nikitin, P. Alonso-González, Science Advances 7 (2021).
date_created: 2021-10-24T22:01:33Z
date_published: 2021-10-08T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-14T08:04:42Z
day: '08'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: NanoFab
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abj0127
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2103.10852'
  isi:
  - '000704912700024'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 0a470ef6a47d2b8a96ede4c4d28cfacd
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: cziletti
  date_created: 2021-10-27T14:16:06Z
  date_updated: 2021-10-27T14:16:06Z
  file_id: '10189'
  file_name: 2021_ScienceAdv_Martin-Sanchez.pdf
  file_size: 2441163
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-10-27T14:16:06Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         7'
isi: 1
issue: '41'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Science Advances
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - '23752548'
publication_status: published
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Focusing of in-plane hyperbolic polaritons in van der Waals crystals with tailored
  infrared nanoantennas
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by_nc.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
  short: CC BY-NC (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 7
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '10559'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Hole gases in planar germanium can have high mobilities in combination with
    strong spin-orbit interaction and electrically tunable g factors, and are therefore
    emerging as a promising platform for creating hybrid superconductor-semiconductor
    devices. A key challenge towards hybrid Ge-based quantum technologies is the design
    of high-quality interfaces and superconducting contacts that are robust against
    magnetic fields. In this work, by combining the assets of aluminum, which provides
    good contact to the Ge, and niobium, which has a significant superconducting gap,
    we demonstrate highly transparent low-disordered JoFETs with relatively large
    ICRN products that are capable of withstanding high magnetic fields. We furthermore
    demonstrate the ability of phase-biasing individual JoFETs, opening up an avenue
    to explore topological superconductivity in planar Ge. The persistence of superconductivity
    in the reported hybrid devices beyond 1.8 T paves the way towards integrating
    spin qubits and proximity-induced superconductivity on the same chip.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: NanoFab
- _id: M-Shop
acknowledgement: This research and related results were made possible with the support
  of the NOMIS Foundation. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units
  of IST Austria through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication
  facility, the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under
  the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant agreement No. 844511 Grant Agreement No. 862046.
  ICN2 acknowledge funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 SGR 327. ICN2 is supported
  by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO (Grant No. SEV-2017-0706) and is
  funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present work
  has been performed in the framework of Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona Materials
  Science PhD program. The HAADF-STEM microscopy was conducted in the Laboratorio
  de Microscopias Avanzadas at Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon-Universidad de Zaragoza.
  Authors acknowledge the LMA-INA for offering access to their instruments and expertise.
  We acknowledge support from CSIC Research Platform on Quantum Technologies PTI-001.
  This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research
  and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 823717 ESTEEM3. M.B. acknowledges
  support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya and the EU Social Fund; project ref. 2020
  FI 00103. G.S. and M.V. acknowledge support through a projectruimte grant associated
  with the Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research (NWO). J.D. acknowledges
  support through FRIPRO-project 274853, which is funded by the Research Council of
  Norway.
article_number: L022005
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Kushagra
  full_name: Aggarwal, Kushagra
  id: b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb
  last_name: Aggarwal
  orcid: 0000-0001-9985-9293
- first_name: Andrea C
  full_name: Hofmann, Andrea C
  id: 340F461A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Jirovec, Daniel
  id: 4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jirovec
  orcid: 0000-0002-7197-4801
- first_name: Ivan
  full_name: Prieto Gonzalez, Ivan
  id: 2A307FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Prieto Gonzalez
  orcid: 0000-0002-7370-5357
- first_name: Amir
  full_name: Sammak, Amir
  last_name: Sammak
- first_name: Marc
  full_name: Botifoll, Marc
  last_name: Botifoll
- first_name: Sara
  full_name: Martí-Sánchez, Sara
  last_name: Martí-Sánchez
- first_name: Menno
  full_name: Veldhorst, Menno
  last_name: Veldhorst
- first_name: Jordi
  full_name: Arbiol, Jordi
  last_name: Arbiol
- first_name: Giordano
  full_name: Scappucci, Giordano
  last_name: Scappucci
- first_name: Jeroen
  full_name: Danon, Jeroen
  last_name: Danon
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Aggarwal K, Hofmann AC, Jirovec D, et al. Enhancement of proximity-induced
    superconductivity in a planar Ge hole gas. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2021;3(2).
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005">10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005</a>
  apa: Aggarwal, K., Hofmann, A. C., Jirovec, D., Prieto Gonzalez, I., Sammak, A.,
    Botifoll, M., … Katsaros, G. (2021). Enhancement of proximity-induced superconductivity
    in a planar Ge hole gas. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. American Physical Society.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005</a>
  chicago: Aggarwal, Kushagra, Andrea C Hofmann, Daniel Jirovec, Ivan Prieto Gonzalez,
    Amir Sammak, Marc Botifoll, Sara Martí-Sánchez, et al. “Enhancement of Proximity-Induced
    Superconductivity in a Planar Ge Hole Gas.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>. American
    Physical Society, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005</a>.
  ieee: K. Aggarwal <i>et al.</i>, “Enhancement of proximity-induced superconductivity
    in a planar Ge hole gas,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 3, no. 2. American
    Physical Society, 2021.
  ista: Aggarwal K, Hofmann AC, Jirovec D, Prieto Gonzalez I, Sammak A, Botifoll M,
    Martí-Sánchez S, Veldhorst M, Arbiol J, Scappucci G, Danon J, Katsaros G. 2021.
    Enhancement of proximity-induced superconductivity in a planar Ge hole gas. Physical
    Review Research. 3(2), L022005.
  mla: Aggarwal, Kushagra, et al. “Enhancement of Proximity-Induced Superconductivity
    in a Planar Ge Hole Gas.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 3, no. 2, L022005,
    American Physical Society, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005">10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005</a>.
  short: K. Aggarwal, A.C. Hofmann, D. Jirovec, I. Prieto Gonzalez, A. Sammak, M.
    Botifoll, S. Martí-Sánchez, M. Veldhorst, J. Arbiol, G. Scappucci, J. Danon, G.
    Katsaros, Physical Review Research 3 (2021).
date_created: 2021-12-16T18:50:57Z
date_published: 2021-04-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-21T12:41:26Z
day: '15'
ddc:
- '620'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l022005
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2012.00322'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 60a1bc9c9b616b1b155044bb8cfc6484
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: cchlebak
  date_created: 2021-12-17T08:12:37Z
  date_updated: 2021-12-17T08:12:37Z
  file_id: '10561'
  file_name: 2021_PhysRevResearch_Aggarwal.pdf
  file_size: 1917512
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-12-17T08:12:37Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         3'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- general engineering
language:
- iso: eng
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 26A151DA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '844511'
  name: Majorana bound states in Ge/SiGe heterostructures
- _id: 237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '862046'
  name: TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS
publication: Physical Review Research
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2643-1564
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '8831'
    relation: earlier_version
    status: public
  - id: '8834'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Enhancement of proximity-induced superconductivity in a planar Ge hole gas
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
volume: 3
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '10866'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Recent discoveries have shown that, when two layers of van der Waals (vdW)
    materials are superimposed with a relative twist angle between them, the electronic
    properties of the coupled system can be dramatically altered. Here, we demonstrate
    that a similar concept can be extended to the optics realm, particularly to propagating
    phonon polaritons–hybrid light-matter interactions. To do this, we fabricate stacks
    composed of two twisted slabs of a vdW crystal (α-MoO3) supporting anisotropic
    phonon polaritons (PhPs), and image the propagation of the latter when launched
    by localized sources. Our images reveal that, under a critical angle, the PhPs
    isofrequency curve undergoes a topological transition, in which the propagation
    of PhPs is strongly guided (canalization regime) along predetermined directions
    without geometric spreading. These results demonstrate a new degree of freedom
    (twist angle) for controlling the propagation of polaritons at the nanoscale with
    potential for nanoimaging, (bio)-sensing, or heat management.
acknowledgement: "J.T.-G. and G.Á.-P. acknowledge support through the Severo Ochoa
  Program from the\r\nGovernment of the Principality of Asturias (nos. PA-18-PF-BP17-126
  and PA20-PF-BP19-053,\r\nrespectively). J. M-S acknowledges financial support through
  the Ramón y Cajal Program from\r\nthe Government of Spain (RYC2018-026196-I). A.Y.N.
  acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of\r\nScience, Innovation and Universities (national
  project no. MAT201788358-C3-3-R). P.A.-G.\r\nacknowledges support from the European
  Research Council under starting grant no. 715496,\r\n2DNANOPTICA."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Jiahua
  full_name: Duan, Jiahua
  last_name: Duan
- first_name: Nathaniel
  full_name: Capote-Robayna, Nathaniel
  last_name: Capote-Robayna
- first_name: Javier
  full_name: Taboada-Gutiérrez, Javier
  last_name: Taboada-Gutiérrez
- first_name: Gonzalo
  full_name: Álvarez-Pérez, Gonzalo
  last_name: Álvarez-Pérez
- first_name: Ivan
  full_name: Prieto Gonzalez, Ivan
  id: 2A307FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Prieto Gonzalez
  orcid: 0000-0002-7370-5357
- first_name: Javier
  full_name: Martín-Sánchez, Javier
  last_name: Martín-Sánchez
- first_name: Alexey Y.
  full_name: Nikitin, Alexey Y.
  last_name: Nikitin
- first_name: Pablo
  full_name: Alonso-González, Pablo
  last_name: Alonso-González
citation:
  ama: 'Duan J, Capote-Robayna N, Taboada-Gutiérrez J, et al. Twisted nano-optics:
    Manipulating light at the nanoscale with twisted phonon polaritonic slabs. <i>Nano
    Letters</i>. 2020;20(7):5323-5329. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01673">10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01673</a>'
  apa: 'Duan, J., Capote-Robayna, N., Taboada-Gutiérrez, J., Álvarez-Pérez, G., Prieto
    Gonzalez, I., Martín-Sánchez, J., … Alonso-González, P. (2020). Twisted nano-optics:
    Manipulating light at the nanoscale with twisted phonon polaritonic slabs. <i>Nano
    Letters</i>. American Chemical Society. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01673">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01673</a>'
  chicago: 'Duan, Jiahua, Nathaniel Capote-Robayna, Javier Taboada-Gutiérrez, Gonzalo
    Álvarez-Pérez, Ivan Prieto Gonzalez, Javier Martín-Sánchez, Alexey Y. Nikitin,
    and Pablo Alonso-González. “Twisted Nano-Optics: Manipulating Light at the Nanoscale
    with Twisted Phonon Polaritonic Slabs.” <i>Nano Letters</i>. American Chemical
    Society, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01673">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01673</a>.'
  ieee: 'J. Duan <i>et al.</i>, “Twisted nano-optics: Manipulating light at the nanoscale
    with twisted phonon polaritonic slabs,” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 20, no. 7. American
    Chemical Society, pp. 5323–5329, 2020.'
  ista: 'Duan J, Capote-Robayna N, Taboada-Gutiérrez J, Álvarez-Pérez G, Prieto Gonzalez
    I, Martín-Sánchez J, Nikitin AY, Alonso-González P. 2020. Twisted nano-optics:
    Manipulating light at the nanoscale with twisted phonon polaritonic slabs. Nano
    Letters. 20(7), 5323–5329.'
  mla: 'Duan, Jiahua, et al. “Twisted Nano-Optics: Manipulating Light at the Nanoscale
    with Twisted Phonon Polaritonic Slabs.” <i>Nano Letters</i>, vol. 20, no. 7, American
    Chemical Society, 2020, pp. 5323–29, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01673">10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01673</a>.'
  short: J. Duan, N. Capote-Robayna, J. Taboada-Gutiérrez, G. Álvarez-Pérez, I. Prieto
    Gonzalez, J. Martín-Sánchez, A.Y. Nikitin, P. Alonso-González, Nano Letters 20
    (2020) 5323–5329.
date_created: 2022-03-18T11:37:38Z
date_published: 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-09-05T12:05:58Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: NanoFab
doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01673
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2004.14599'
  isi:
  - '000548893200082'
  pmid:
  - '32530634'
intvolume: '        20'
isi: 1
issue: '7'
keyword:
- Mechanical Engineering
- Condensed Matter Physics
- General Materials Science
- General Chemistry
- Bioengineering
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.14599
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 5323-5329
pmid: 1
publication: Nano Letters
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1530-6992
  issn:
  - 1530-6984
publication_status: published
publisher: American Chemical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Twisted nano-optics: Manipulating light at the nanoscale with twisted phonon
  polaritonic slabs'
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 20
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7792'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Phonon polaritons—light coupled to lattice vibrations—in polar van der Waals
    crystals are promising candidates for controlling the flow of energy on the nanoscale
    due to their strong field confinement, anisotropic propagation and ultra-long
    lifetime in the picosecond range1,2,3,4,5. However, the lack of tunability of
    their narrow and material-specific spectral range—the Reststrahlen band—severely
    limits their technological implementation. Here, we demonstrate that intercalation
    of Na atoms in the van der Waals semiconductor α-V2O5 enables a broad spectral
    shift of Reststrahlen bands, and that the phonon polaritons excited show ultra-low
    losses (lifetime of 4 ± 1 ps), similar to phonon polaritons in a non-intercalated
    crystal (lifetime of 6 ± 1 ps). We expect our intercalation method to be applicable
    to other van der Waals crystals, opening the door for the use of phonon polaritons
    in broad spectral bands in the mid-infrared domain.
acknowledgement: J.T.-G. and G.Á.-P. acknowledge support through the Severo Ochoa
  Program from the Government of the Principality of Asturias (nos. PA-18-PF-BP17-126
  and PA-20-PF-BP19-053, respectively). J.M.-S. acknowledges finantial support from
  the Clarín Programme from the Government of the Principality of Asturias and a Marie
  Curie-COFUND grant (PA-18-ACB17-29) and the Ramón y Cajal Program from the Government
  of Spain (RYC2018-026196-I). K.C., X.P.A.G., H.V. and M.H.B. acknowledge the Air
  Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) grant no. FA 9550-18-1-0030 for funding
  support. I.E. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy
  and Competitiveness (grant no. FIS2016-76617-P). A.Y.N. acknowledges the Spanish
  Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (national project no. MAT2017-88358-C3-3-R)
  and the Basque Government (grant no. IT1164-19). Q.B. acknowledges the support from
  Australian Research Council (grant nos. FT150100450, IH150100006 and CE170100039).
  R.H. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness
  (national project RTI2018-094830-B-100 and the Project MDM-2016-0618 of the María
  de Maeztu Units of Excellence Program) and the Basque Goverment (grant no. IT1164-19).
  P.A.-G. acknowledges support from the European Research Council under starting grant
  no. 715496, 2DNANOPTICA.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Javier
  full_name: Taboada-Gutiérrez, Javier
  last_name: Taboada-Gutiérrez
- first_name: Gonzalo
  full_name: Álvarez-Pérez, Gonzalo
  last_name: Álvarez-Pérez
- first_name: Jiahua
  full_name: Duan, Jiahua
  last_name: Duan
- first_name: Weiliang
  full_name: Ma, Weiliang
  last_name: Ma
- first_name: Kyle
  full_name: Crowley, Kyle
  last_name: Crowley
- first_name: Ivan
  full_name: Prieto Gonzalez, Ivan
  id: 2A307FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Prieto Gonzalez
  orcid: 0000-0002-7370-5357
- first_name: Andrei
  full_name: Bylinkin, Andrei
  last_name: Bylinkin
- first_name: Marta
  full_name: Autore, Marta
  last_name: Autore
- first_name: Halyna
  full_name: Volkova, Halyna
  last_name: Volkova
- first_name: Kenta
  full_name: Kimura, Kenta
  last_name: Kimura
- first_name: Tsuyoshi
  full_name: Kimura, Tsuyoshi
  last_name: Kimura
- first_name: M. H.
  full_name: Berger, M. H.
  last_name: Berger
- first_name: Shaojuan
  full_name: Li, Shaojuan
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Qiaoliang
  full_name: Bao, Qiaoliang
  last_name: Bao
- first_name: Xuan P.A.
  full_name: Gao, Xuan P.A.
  last_name: Gao
- first_name: Ion
  full_name: Errea, Ion
  last_name: Errea
- first_name: Alexey Y.
  full_name: Nikitin, Alexey Y.
  last_name: Nikitin
- first_name: Rainer
  full_name: Hillenbrand, Rainer
  last_name: Hillenbrand
- first_name: Javier
  full_name: Martín-Sánchez, Javier
  last_name: Martín-Sánchez
- first_name: Pablo
  full_name: Alonso-González, Pablo
  last_name: Alonso-González
citation:
  ama: Taboada-Gutiérrez J, Álvarez-Pérez G, Duan J, et al. Broad spectral tuning
    of ultra-low-loss polaritons in a van der Waals crystal by intercalation. <i>Nature
    Materials</i>. 2020;19:964–968. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0665-0">10.1038/s41563-020-0665-0</a>
  apa: Taboada-Gutiérrez, J., Álvarez-Pérez, G., Duan, J., Ma, W., Crowley, K., Prieto
    Gonzalez, I., … Alonso-González, P. (2020). Broad spectral tuning of ultra-low-loss
    polaritons in a van der Waals crystal by intercalation. <i>Nature Materials</i>.
    Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0665-0">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0665-0</a>
  chicago: Taboada-Gutiérrez, Javier, Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez, Jiahua Duan, Weiliang
    Ma, Kyle Crowley, Ivan Prieto Gonzalez, Andrei Bylinkin, et al. “Broad Spectral
    Tuning of Ultra-Low-Loss Polaritons in a van Der Waals Crystal by Intercalation.”
    <i>Nature Materials</i>. Springer Nature, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0665-0">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0665-0</a>.
  ieee: J. Taboada-Gutiérrez <i>et al.</i>, “Broad spectral tuning of ultra-low-loss
    polaritons in a van der Waals crystal by intercalation,” <i>Nature Materials</i>,
    vol. 19. Springer Nature, pp. 964–968, 2020.
  ista: Taboada-Gutiérrez J, Álvarez-Pérez G, Duan J, Ma W, Crowley K, Prieto Gonzalez
    I, Bylinkin A, Autore M, Volkova H, Kimura K, Kimura T, Berger MH, Li S, Bao Q,
    Gao XPA, Errea I, Nikitin AY, Hillenbrand R, Martín-Sánchez J, Alonso-González
    P. 2020. Broad spectral tuning of ultra-low-loss polaritons in a van der Waals
    crystal by intercalation. Nature Materials. 19, 964–968.
  mla: Taboada-Gutiérrez, Javier, et al. “Broad Spectral Tuning of Ultra-Low-Loss
    Polaritons in a van Der Waals Crystal by Intercalation.” <i>Nature Materials</i>,
    vol. 19, Springer Nature, 2020, pp. 964–968, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0665-0">10.1038/s41563-020-0665-0</a>.
  short: J. Taboada-Gutiérrez, G. Álvarez-Pérez, J. Duan, W. Ma, K. Crowley, I. Prieto
    Gonzalez, A. Bylinkin, M. Autore, H. Volkova, K. Kimura, T. Kimura, M.H. Berger,
    S. Li, Q. Bao, X.P.A. Gao, I. Errea, A.Y. Nikitin, R. Hillenbrand, J. Martín-Sánchez,
    P. Alonso-González, Nature Materials 19 (2020) 964–968.
date_created: 2020-05-03T22:00:49Z
date_published: 2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-21T06:18:20Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: NanoFab
doi: 10.1038/s41563-020-0665-0
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000526218500004'
  pmid:
  - '32284598'
intvolume: '        19'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '09'
oa_version: None
page: 964–968
pmid: 1
publication: Nature Materials
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - '14764660'
  issn:
  - '14761122'
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Broad spectral tuning of ultra-low-loss polaritons in a van der Waals crystal
  by intercalation
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 19
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '8831'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Holes in planar Ge have high mobilities, strong spin-orbit interaction and
    electrically tunable g-factors, and are therefore emerging as a promising candidate
    for hybrid superconductorsemiconductor devices. This is further motivated by the
    observation of supercurrent transport in planar Ge Josephson Field effect transistors
    (JoFETs). A key challenge towards hybrid germanium quantum technology is the design
    of high quality interfaces and superconducting contacts that are robust against
    magnetic fields. By combining the assets of Al, which has a long superconducting
    coherence, and Nb, which has a significant superconducting gap, we form low-disordered
    JoFETs with large ICRN products that are capable of withstanding high magnetic
    fields. We furthermore demonstrate the ability of phase-biasing individual JoFETs
    opening up an avenue to explore topological superconductivity in planar Ge. The
    persistence of superconductivity in the reported hybrid devices beyond 1.8 T paves
    the way towards integrating spin qubits and proximity-induced superconductivity
    on the same chip.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: "This research and related results were made possible with the support
  of the NOMIS Foundation. This research was supported by the Scientific Service Units
  of IST Austria through resources provided by the MIBA Machine Shop and the nanofabrication
  facility, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under
  the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement #844511 and the Grant Agreement #862046.
  ICN2 acknowledge funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2017 SGR 327. ICN2 is supported
  by the Severo Ochoa\r\nprogram from Spanish MINECO (Grant No. SEV2017-0706) and
  is funded by the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya. Part of the present
  work has been performed in the framework of Universitat Aut`onoma de Barcelona Materials
  Science PhD program. The HAADF-STEM microscopy was conducted in the Laboratorio
  de Microscopias Avanzadas at Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon-Universidad de Zaragoza.
  Authors acknowledge the LMA-INA for offering access to their instruments and expertise.
  We acknowledge support from CSIC Research Platform on Quantum Technologies PTI-001.
  This project has received funding from\r\nthe European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
  and innovation programme under grant agreement No 823717 – ESTEEM3. M.B. acknowledges
  support from SUR Generalitat de Catalunya and the EU Social Fund; project ref. 2020
  FI 00103. GS and MV acknowledge support through a projectruimte grant associated
  with the Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research (NWO)."
article_number: '2012.00322'
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Kushagra
  full_name: Aggarwal, Kushagra
  id: b22ab905-3539-11eb-84c3-fc159dcd79cb
  last_name: Aggarwal
  orcid: 0000-0001-9985-9293
- first_name: Andrea C
  full_name: Hofmann, Andrea C
  id: 340F461A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Jirovec, Daniel
  id: 4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jirovec
  orcid: 0000-0002-7197-4801
- first_name: Ivan
  full_name: Prieto Gonzalez, Ivan
  id: 2A307FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Prieto Gonzalez
  orcid: 0000-0002-7370-5357
- first_name: Amir
  full_name: Sammak, Amir
  last_name: Sammak
- first_name: Marc
  full_name: Botifoll, Marc
  last_name: Botifoll
- first_name: Sara
  full_name: Marti-Sanchez, Sara
  last_name: Marti-Sanchez
- first_name: Menno
  full_name: Veldhorst, Menno
  last_name: Veldhorst
- first_name: Jordi
  full_name: Arbiol, Jordi
  last_name: Arbiol
- first_name: Giordano
  full_name: Scappucci, Giordano
  last_name: Scappucci
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Aggarwal K, Hofmann AC, Jirovec D, et al. Enhancement of proximity induced
    superconductivity in planar Germanium. <i>arXiv</i>.
  apa: Aggarwal, K., Hofmann, A. C., Jirovec, D., Prieto Gonzalez, I., Sammak, A.,
    Botifoll, M., … Katsaros, G. (n.d.). Enhancement of proximity induced superconductivity
    in planar Germanium. <i>arXiv</i>.
  chicago: Aggarwal, Kushagra, Andrea C Hofmann, Daniel Jirovec, Ivan Prieto Gonzalez,
    Amir Sammak, Marc Botifoll, Sara Marti-Sanchez, et al. “Enhancement of Proximity
    Induced Superconductivity in Planar Germanium.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d.
  ieee: K. Aggarwal <i>et al.</i>, “Enhancement of proximity induced superconductivity
    in planar Germanium,” <i>arXiv</i>. .
  ista: Aggarwal K, Hofmann AC, Jirovec D, Prieto Gonzalez I, Sammak A, Botifoll M,
    Marti-Sanchez S, Veldhorst M, Arbiol J, Scappucci G, Katsaros G. Enhancement of
    proximity induced superconductivity in planar Germanium. arXiv, 2012.00322.
  mla: Aggarwal, Kushagra, et al. “Enhancement of Proximity Induced Superconductivity
    in Planar Germanium.” <i>ArXiv</i>, 2012.00322.
  short: K. Aggarwal, A.C. Hofmann, D. Jirovec, I. Prieto Gonzalez, A. Sammak, M.
    Botifoll, S. Marti-Sanchez, M. Veldhorst, J. Arbiol, G. Scappucci, G. Katsaros,
    ArXiv (n.d.).
date_created: 2020-12-02T10:42:53Z
date_published: 2020-12-02T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-03-25T23:30:14Z
day: '02'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: GeKa
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2012.00322'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 22a612e206232fa94b138b2c2f957582
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: gkatsaro
  date_created: 2020-12-02T10:42:31Z
  date_updated: 2020-12-02T10:42:31Z
  file_id: '8832'
  file_name: Superconducting_2D_Ge.pdf
  file_size: 1697939
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-12-02T10:42:31Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
project:
- _id: 262116AA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  name: Hybrid Semiconductor - Superconductor Quantum Devices
- _id: 26A151DA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '844511'
  name: Majorana bound states in Ge/SiGe heterostructures
- _id: 237E5020-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '862046'
  name: TOPOLOGICALLY PROTECTED AND SCALABLE QUANTUM BITS
publication: arXiv
publication_status: submitted
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '10559'
    relation: later_version
    status: public
  - id: '8834'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
  - id: '10058'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
status: public
title: Enhancement of proximity induced superconductivity in planar Germanium
type: preprint
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '10065'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We study double quantum dots in a Ge/SiGe heterostructure and test their maturity
    towards singlet-triplet ($S-T_0$) qubits. We demonstrate a large range of tunability,
    from two single quantum dots to a double quantum dot. We measure Pauli spin blockade
    and study the anisotropy of the $g$-factor. We use an adjacent quantum dot for
    sensing charge transitions in the double quantum dot at interest. In conclusion,
    Ge/SiGe possesses all ingredients necessary for building a singlet-triplet qubit.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: "We thank Matthias Brauns for helpful discussions and careful proofreading
  of the manuscript. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon
  2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement
  No 844511 and from the FWF project P30207. The research was supported by the Scientific
  Service Units of IST Austria through resources provided by the MIBA machine shop
  and the nanofabrication\r\nfacility."
article_number: '1910.05841'
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Andrea C
  full_name: Hofmann, Andrea C
  id: 340F461A-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hofmann
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Jirovec, Daniel
  id: 4C473F58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jirovec
  orcid: 0000-0002-7197-4801
- first_name: Maxim
  full_name: Borovkov, Maxim
  last_name: Borovkov
- first_name: Ivan
  full_name: Prieto Gonzalez, Ivan
  id: 2A307FE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Prieto Gonzalez
  orcid: 0000-0002-7370-5357
- first_name: Andrea
  full_name: Ballabio, Andrea
  last_name: Ballabio
- first_name: Jacopo
  full_name: Frigerio, Jacopo
  last_name: Frigerio
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Chrastina, Daniel
  last_name: Chrastina
- first_name: Giovanni
  full_name: Isella, Giovanni
  last_name: Isella
- first_name: Georgios
  full_name: Katsaros, Georgios
  id: 38DB5788-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Katsaros
  orcid: 0000-0001-8342-202X
citation:
  ama: Hofmann AC, Jirovec D, Borovkov M, et al. Assessing the potential of Ge/SiGe
    quantum dots as hosts for singlet-triplet qubits. <i>arXiv</i>. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1910.05841">10.48550/arXiv.1910.05841</a>
  apa: Hofmann, A. C., Jirovec, D., Borovkov, M., Prieto Gonzalez, I., Ballabio, A.,
    Frigerio, J., … Katsaros, G. (n.d.). Assessing the potential of Ge/SiGe quantum
    dots as hosts for singlet-triplet qubits. <i>arXiv</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1910.05841">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1910.05841</a>
  chicago: Hofmann, Andrea C, Daniel Jirovec, Maxim Borovkov, Ivan Prieto Gonzalez,
    Andrea Ballabio, Jacopo Frigerio, Daniel Chrastina, Giovanni Isella, and Georgios
    Katsaros. “Assessing the Potential of Ge/SiGe Quantum Dots as Hosts for Singlet-Triplet
    Qubits.” <i>ArXiv</i>, n.d. <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1910.05841">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1910.05841</a>.
  ieee: A. C. Hofmann <i>et al.</i>, “Assessing the potential of Ge/SiGe quantum dots
    as hosts for singlet-triplet qubits,” <i>arXiv</i>. .
  ista: Hofmann AC, Jirovec D, Borovkov M, Prieto Gonzalez I, Ballabio A, Frigerio
    J, Chrastina D, Isella G, Katsaros G. Assessing the potential of Ge/SiGe quantum
    dots as hosts for singlet-triplet qubits. arXiv, 1910.05841.
  mla: Hofmann, Andrea C., et al. “Assessing the Potential of Ge/SiGe Quantum Dots
    as Hosts for Singlet-Triplet Qubits.” <i>ArXiv</i>, 1910.05841, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1910.05841">10.48550/arXiv.1910.05841</a>.
  short: A.C. Hofmann, D. Jirovec, M. Borovkov, I. Prieto Gonzalez, A. Ballabio, J.
    Frigerio, D. Chrastina, G. Isella, G. Katsaros, ArXiv (n.d.).
date_created: 2021-10-01T12:14:51Z
date_published: 2019-10-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-03-25T23:30:14Z
day: '13'
department:
- _id: GeKa
doi: 10.48550/arXiv.1910.05841
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1910.05841'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.05841
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
project:
- _id: 26A151DA-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '844511'
  name: Majorana bound states in Ge/SiGe heterostructures
- _id: 2641CE5E-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: P30207
  name: Hole spin orbit qubits in Ge quantum wells
publication: arXiv
publication_status: submitted
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '10058'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
status: public
title: Assessing the potential of Ge/SiGe quantum dots as hosts for singlet-triplet
  qubits
type: preprint
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2019'
...
