---
_id: '14872'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We entangled microwave and optical photons for the first time as verified
    by a measured two-mode vacuum squeezing of 0.7 dB. This electro-optic entanglement
    is the key resource needed to connect cryogenic quantum circuits.
article_number: LM1F.3
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Rishabh
  full_name: Sahu, Rishabh
  id: 47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sahu
  orcid: 0000-0001-6264-2162
- first_name: Liu
  full_name: Qiu, Liu
  last_name: Qiu
- first_name: William J
  full_name: Hease, William J
  id: 29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hease
  orcid: 0000-0001-9868-2166
- first_name: Georg M
  full_name: Arnold, Georg M
  id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Arnold
  orcid: 0000-0003-1397-7876
- first_name: Yuri
  full_name: Minoguchi, Yuri
  last_name: Minoguchi
- first_name: Peter
  full_name: Rabl, Peter
  last_name: Rabl
- first_name: Johannes M
  full_name: Fink, Johannes M
  id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Fink
  orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
  ama: 'Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, et al. Entangling microwaves and telecom wavelength
    light. In: <i>Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023</i>. Optica Publishing
    Group; 2023. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3">10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3</a>'
  apa: 'Sahu, R., Qiu, L., Hease, W. J., Arnold, G. M., Minoguchi, Y., Rabl, P., &#38;
    Fink, J. M. (2023). Entangling microwaves and telecom wavelength light. In <i>Frontiers
    in Optics + Laser Science 2023</i>. Tacoma, WA, United States: Optica Publishing
    Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3">https://doi.org/10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3</a>'
  chicago: Sahu, Rishabh, Liu Qiu, William J Hease, Georg M Arnold, Yuri Minoguchi,
    Peter Rabl, and Johannes M Fink. “Entangling Microwaves and Telecom Wavelength
    Light.” In <i>Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023</i>. Optica Publishing
    Group, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3">https://doi.org/10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3</a>.
  ieee: R. Sahu <i>et al.</i>, “Entangling microwaves and telecom wavelength light,”
    in <i>Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023</i>, Tacoma, WA, United States,
    2023.
  ista: Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Minoguchi Y, Rabl P, Fink JM. 2023. Entangling
    microwaves and telecom wavelength light. Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023.
    Laser Science, LM1F.3.
  mla: Sahu, Rishabh, et al. “Entangling Microwaves and Telecom Wavelength Light.”
    <i>Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023</i>, LM1F.3, Optica Publishing Group,
    2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3">10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3</a>.
  short: R. Sahu, L. Qiu, W.J. Hease, G.M. Arnold, Y. Minoguchi, P. Rabl, J.M. Fink,
    in:, Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023, Optica Publishing Group, 2023.
conference:
  end_date: 2023-10-12
  location: Tacoma, WA, United States
  name: Laser Science
  start_date: 2023-10-09
date_created: 2024-01-22T12:29:41Z
date_published: 2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-01-24T08:43:28Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3
language:
- iso: eng
month: '10'
oa_version: None
publication: Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9781957171296'
publication_status: published
publisher: Optica Publishing Group
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Entangling microwaves and telecom wavelength light
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '13106'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Quantum entanglement is a key resource in currently developed quantum technologies.
    Sharing this fragile property between superconducting microwave circuits and optical
    or atomic systems would enable new functionalities, but this has been hindered
    by an energy scale mismatch of >104 and the resulting mutually imposed loss and
    noise. In this work, we created and verified entanglement between microwave and
    optical fields in a millikelvin environment. Using an optically pulsed superconducting
    electro-optical device, we show entanglement between propagating microwave and
    optical fields in the continuous variable domain. This achievement not only paves
    the way for entanglement between superconducting circuits and telecom wavelength
    light, but also has wide-ranging implications for hybrid quantum networks in the
    context of modularization, scaling, sensing, and cross-platform verification.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the European Research Council (grant no.
  758053, ERC StG QUNNECT) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation
  Program (grant no. 899354, FETopen SuperQuLAN). L.Q. acknowledges generous support
  from the ISTFELLOW program. W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship
  with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program
  (Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant no. 754411). G.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship
  of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. J.M.F. acknowledges support
  from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (grant no. F7105) and the European
  Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (grant no. 862644, FETopen
  QUARTET).
article_processing_charge: No
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Rishabh
  full_name: Sahu, Rishabh
  id: 47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sahu
  orcid: 0000-0001-6264-2162
- first_name: Liu
  full_name: Qiu, Liu
  id: 45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac
  last_name: Qiu
  orcid: 0000-0003-4345-4267
- first_name: William J
  full_name: Hease, William J
  id: 29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hease
  orcid: 0000-0001-9868-2166
- first_name: Georg M
  full_name: Arnold, Georg M
  id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Arnold
  orcid: 0000-0003-1397-7876
- first_name: Y.
  full_name: Minoguchi, Y.
  last_name: Minoguchi
- first_name: P.
  full_name: Rabl, P.
  last_name: Rabl
- first_name: Johannes M
  full_name: Fink, Johannes M
  id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Fink
  orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
  ama: Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, et al. Entangling microwaves with light. 2023;380:718-721.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812">10.1126/science.adg3812</a>
  apa: Sahu, R., Qiu, L., Hease, W. J., Arnold, G. M., Minoguchi, Y., Rabl, P., &#38;
    Fink, J. M. (2023). <i>Entangling microwaves with light</i>. American Association
    for the Advancement of Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812</a>
  chicago: Sahu, Rishabh, Liu Qiu, William J Hease, Georg M Arnold, Y. Minoguchi,
    P. Rabl, and Johannes M Fink. “Entangling Microwaves with Light.” American Association
    for the Advancement of Science, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812</a>.
  ieee: R. Sahu <i>et al.</i>, “Entangling microwaves with light,” American Association
    for the Advancement of Science, 2023.
  ista: Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Minoguchi Y, Rabl P, Fink JM. 2023. Entangling
    microwaves with light. American Association for the Advancement of Science.
  mla: Sahu, Rishabh, et al. <i>Entangling Microwaves with Light</i>. Vol. 380, American
    Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023, pp. 718–21, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812">10.1126/science.adg3812</a>.
  short: R. Sahu, L. Qiu, W.J. Hease, G.M. Arnold, Y. Minoguchi, P. Rabl, J.M. Fink,
    Entangling Microwaves with Light, American Association for the Advancement of
    Science, 2023.
date_created: 2023-05-31T11:39:24Z
date_published: 2023-05-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2025-07-15T09:17:40Z
day: '18'
degree_awarded: PhD
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1126/science.adg3812
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2301.03315'
  isi:
  - '000996515200004'
intvolume: '       380'
isi: 1
keyword:
- Multidisciplinary
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.03315
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 718-721
project:
- _id: 26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '758053'
  name: A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '899354'
  name: Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: F07105
  name: Integrating superconducting quantum circuits
- _id: 237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '862644'
  name: Quantum readout techniques and technologies
- _id: 2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  name: Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves
    to optical frequencies
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1095-9203
  issn:
  - 0036-8075
publication_status: published
publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science
related_material:
  link:
  - description: News on ISTA Website
    relation: press_release
    url: https://ista.ac.at/en/news/wiring-up-quantum-circuits-with-light/
  record:
  - id: '13122'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
status: public
title: Entangling microwaves with light
type: dissertation
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 380
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '13200'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Recent quantum technologies have established precise quantum control of various
    microscopic systems using electromagnetic waves. Interfaces based on cryogenic
    cavity electro-optic systems are particularly promising, due to the direct interaction
    between microwave and optical fields in the quantum regime. Quantum optical control
    of superconducting microwave circuits has been precluded so far due to the weak
    electro-optical coupling as well as quasi-particles induced by the pump laser.
    Here we report the coherent control of a superconducting microwave cavity using
    laser pulses in a multimode electro-optical device at millikelvin temperature
    with near-unity cooperativity. Both the stationary and instantaneous responses
    of the microwave and optical modes comply with the coherent electro-optical interaction,
    and reveal only minuscule amount of excess back-action with an unanticipated time
    delay. Our demonstration enables wide ranges of applications beyond quantum transductions,
    from squeezing and quantum non-demolition measurements of microwave fields, to
    entanglement generation and hybrid quantum networks.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the European Research Council under grant
  agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
  and innovation program under grant agreement no. 899354 (FETopen SuperQuLAN), and
  the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F7105). L.Q. acknowledges generous
  support from the ISTFELLOW programme. W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral
  fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
  program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 754411. G.A. is the
  recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria.
article_number: '3784'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Liu
  full_name: Qiu, Liu
  id: 45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac
  last_name: Qiu
  orcid: 0000-0003-4345-4267
- first_name: Rishabh
  full_name: Sahu, Rishabh
  id: 47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sahu
  orcid: 0000-0001-6264-2162
- first_name: William J
  full_name: Hease, William J
  id: 29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hease
  orcid: 0000-0001-9868-2166
- first_name: Georg M
  full_name: Arnold, Georg M
  id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Arnold
  orcid: 0000-0003-1397-7876
- first_name: Johannes M
  full_name: Fink, Johannes M
  id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Fink
  orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
  ama: Qiu L, Sahu R, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Fink JM. Coherent optical control of a
    superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action. <i>Nature
    Communications</i>. 2023;14. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3">10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3</a>
  apa: Qiu, L., Sahu, R., Hease, W. J., Arnold, G. M., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2023). Coherent
    optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical
    back-action. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Nature Research. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3</a>
  chicago: Qiu, Liu, Rishabh Sahu, William J Hease, Georg M Arnold, and Johannes M
    Fink. “Coherent Optical Control of a Superconducting Microwave Cavity via Electro-Optical
    Dynamical Back-Action.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Nature Research, 2023. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3</a>.
  ieee: L. Qiu, R. Sahu, W. J. Hease, G. M. Arnold, and J. M. Fink, “Coherent optical
    control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action,”
    <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 14. Nature Research, 2023.
  ista: Qiu L, Sahu R, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Fink JM. 2023. Coherent optical control
    of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action.
    Nature Communications. 14, 3784.
  mla: Qiu, Liu, et al. “Coherent Optical Control of a Superconducting Microwave Cavity
    via Electro-Optical Dynamical Back-Action.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol.
    14, 3784, Nature Research, 2023, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3">10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3</a>.
  short: L. Qiu, R. Sahu, W.J. Hease, G.M. Arnold, J.M. Fink, Nature Communications
    14 (2023).
date_created: 2023-07-09T22:01:11Z
date_published: 2023-06-24T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-08-07T07:11:55Z
day: '24'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2210.12443'
  isi:
  - '001018100800002'
  pmid:
  - '37355691'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: ec7ccd2c08f90d59cab302fd0d7776a4
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: alisjak
  date_created: 2023-07-10T10:10:54Z
  date_updated: 2023-07-10T10:10:54Z
  file_id: '13206'
  file_name: 2023_NatureComms_Qiu.pdf
  file_size: 1349134
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2023-07-10T10:10:54Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        14'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '758053'
  name: A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '899354'
  name: Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits
- _id: bdb108fd-d553-11ed-ba76-83dc74a9864f
  name: QUANTUM INFORMATION SYSTEMS BEYOND CLASSICAL CAPABILITIES / P5- Integration
    of Superconducting Quantum Circuits
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FP7
  grant_number: '291734'
  name: International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme
- _id: 2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  name: Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves
    to optical frequencies
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Nature Research
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Coherent optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical
  dynamical back-action
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 14
year: '2023'
...
---
_id: '10924'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Solid-state microwave systems offer strong interactions for fast quantum logic
    and sensing but photons at telecom wavelength are the ideal choice for high-density
    low-loss quantum interconnects. A general-purpose interface that can make use
    of single photon effects requires < 1 input noise quanta, which has remained elusive
    due to either low efficiency or pump induced heating. Here we demonstrate coherent
    electro-optic modulation on nanosecond-timescales with only 0.16+0.02−0.01 microwave
    input noise photons with a total bidirectional transduction efficiency of 8.7%
    (or up to 15% with 0.41+0.02−0.02), as required for near-term heralded quantum
    network protocols. The use of short and high-power optical pump pulses also enables
    near-unity cooperativity of the electro-optic interaction leading to an internal
    pure conversion efficiency of up to 99.5%. Together with the low mode occupancy
    this provides evidence for electro-optic laser cooling and vacuum amplification
    as predicted a decade ago.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
acknowledgement: "The authors thank S. Wald and F. Diorico for their help with optical
  filtering, O. Hosten\r\nand M. Aspelmeyer for equipment, H.G.L. Schwefel for materials
  and discussions, L.\r\nDrmic and P. Zielinski for software support, and the MIBA
  workshop at IST Austria for\r\nmachining the microwave cavity. This work was supported
  by the European Research\r\nCouncil under grant agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT)
  and the European\r\nUnion’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant
  agreement no.\r\n899354 (FETopen SuperQuLAN). W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus
  postdoctoral fellowship\r\nwith funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
  and innovation\r\nprogram under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 754411.
  G.A. is the\r\nrecipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
  at IST Austria. J.M.F.\r\nacknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
  through BeyondC (F7105)\r\nand the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
  programs under grant\r\nagreement no. 862644 (FETopen QUARTET)."
article_number: '1276'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Rishabh
  full_name: Sahu, Rishabh
  id: 47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sahu
  orcid: 0000-0001-6264-2162
- first_name: William J
  full_name: Hease, William J
  id: 29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hease
  orcid: 0000-0001-9868-2166
- first_name: Alfredo R
  full_name: Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R
  id: 3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Rueda Sanchez
  orcid: 0000-0001-6249-5860
- first_name: Georg M
  full_name: Arnold, Georg M
  id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Arnold
  orcid: 0000-0003-1397-7876
- first_name: Liu
  full_name: Qiu, Liu
  id: 45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac
  last_name: Qiu
  orcid: 0000-0003-4345-4267
- first_name: Johannes M
  full_name: Fink, Johannes M
  id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Fink
  orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
  ama: Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. Quantum-enabled
    operation of a microwave-optical interface. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2022;13.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2">10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>
  apa: Sahu, R., Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Arnold, G. M., Qiu, L., &#38;
    Fink, J. M. (2022). Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface.
    <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>
  chicago: Sahu, Rishabh, William J Hease, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Georg M Arnold,
    Liu Qiu, and Johannes M Fink. “Quantum-Enabled Operation of a Microwave-Optical
    Interface.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>.
  ieee: R. Sahu, W. J. Hease, A. R. Rueda Sanchez, G. M. Arnold, L. Qiu, and J. M.
    Fink, “Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface,” <i>Nature
    Communications</i>, vol. 13. Springer Nature, 2022.
  ista: Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. 2022. Quantum-enabled
    operation of a microwave-optical interface. Nature Communications. 13, 1276.
  mla: Sahu, Rishabh, et al. “Quantum-Enabled Operation of a Microwave-Optical Interface.”
    <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 13, 1276, Springer Nature, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2">10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>.
  short: R. Sahu, W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, G.M. Arnold, L. Qiu, J.M. Fink,
    Nature Communications 13 (2022).
date_created: 2022-03-27T22:01:45Z
date_published: 2022-03-11T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-10-29T09:11:06Z
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ddc:
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doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2
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- _id: 9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
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title: Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface
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volume: 13
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '12088'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We present a quantum-enabled microwave-telecom interface with bidirectional
    conversion efficiencies up to 15% and added input noise quanta as low as 0.16.
    Moreover, we observe evidence for electro-optic laser cooling and vacuum amplification.
article_number: FW4D.4
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Rishabh
  full_name: Sahu, Rishabh
  id: 47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sahu
  orcid: 0000-0001-6264-2162
- first_name: William J
  full_name: Hease, William J
  id: 29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hease
- first_name: Alfredo R
  full_name: Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R
  id: 3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Rueda Sanchez
  orcid: 0000-0001-6249-5860
- first_name: Georg M
  full_name: Arnold, Georg M
  id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Arnold
- first_name: Liu
  full_name: Qiu, Liu
  id: 45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac
  last_name: Qiu
  orcid: 0000-0003-4345-4267
- first_name: Johannes M
  full_name: Fink, Johannes M
  id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Fink
  orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
  ama: 'Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. Realizing a
    quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light. In: <i>Conference
    on Lasers and Electro-Optics</i>. Optica Publishing Group; 2022. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4">10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4</a>'
  apa: 'Sahu, R., Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Arnold, G. M., Qiu, L., &#38;
    Fink, J. M. (2022). Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave
    and telecom light. In <i>Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics</i>. San Jose,
    CA, United States: Optica Publishing Group. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4">https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4</a>'
  chicago: Sahu, Rishabh, William J Hease, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Georg M Arnold,
    Liu Qiu, and Johannes M Fink. “Realizing a Quantum-Enabled Interconnect between
    Microwave and Telecom Light.” In <i>Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics</i>.
    Optica Publishing Group, 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4">https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4</a>.
  ieee: R. Sahu, W. J. Hease, A. R. Rueda Sanchez, G. M. Arnold, L. Qiu, and J. M.
    Fink, “Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom
    light,” in <i>Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics</i>, San Jose, CA, United
    States, 2022.
  ista: 'Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. 2022. Realizing
    a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light. Conference
    on Lasers and Electro-Optics. CLEO: QELS Fundamental Science, FW4D.4.'
  mla: Sahu, Rishabh, et al. “Realizing a Quantum-Enabled Interconnect between Microwave
    and Telecom Light.” <i>Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics</i>, FW4D.4, Optica
    Publishing Group, 2022, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4">10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4</a>.
  short: R. Sahu, W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, G.M. Arnold, L. Qiu, J.M. Fink,
    in:, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Optica Publishing Group, 2022.
conference:
  end_date: 2022-05-20
  location: San Jose, CA, United States
  name: 'CLEO: QELS Fundamental Science'
  start_date: 2022-05-15
date_created: 2022-09-11T22:01:58Z
date_published: 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-02-13T09:06:10Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4
language:
- iso: eng
month: '05'
oa_version: None
publication: Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9781557528209'
publication_status: published
publisher: Optica Publishing Group
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light
type: conference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '8529'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Practical quantum networks require low-loss and noise-resilient optical interconnects
    as well as non-Gaussian resources for entanglement distillation and distributed
    quantum computation. The latter could be provided by superconducting circuits
    but existing solutions to interface the microwave and optical domains lack either
    scalability or efficiency, and in most cases the conversion noise is not known.
    In this work we utilize the unique opportunities of silicon photonics, cavity
    optomechanics and superconducting circuits to demonstrate a fully integrated,
    coherent transducer interfacing the microwave X and the telecom S bands with a
    total (internal) bidirectional transduction efficiency of 1.2% (135%) at millikelvin
    temperatures. The coupling relies solely on the radiation pressure interaction
    mediated by the femtometer-scale motion of two silicon nanobeams reaching a <jats:italic>V</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>π</jats:italic></jats:sub>
    as low as 16 μV for sub-nanowatt pump powers. Without the associated optomechanical
    gain, we achieve a total (internal) pure conversion efficiency of up to 0.019%
    (1.6%), relevant for future noise-free operation on this qubit-compatible platform.
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: NanoFab
acknowledgement: We thank Yuan Chen for performing supplementary FEM simulations and
  Andrew Higginbotham, Ralf Riedinger, Sungkun Hong, and Lorenzo Magrini for valuable
  discussions. This work was supported by IST Austria, the IST nanofabrication facility
  (NFF), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant
  agreement no. 732894 (FET Proactive HOT) and the European Research Council under
  grant agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT). G.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship
  of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. W.H. is the recipient of an
  ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020
  research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement
  no. 754411. J.M.F. acknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through
  BeyondC (F71), a NOMIS foundation research grant, and the EU’s Horizon 2020 research
  and innovation program under grant agreement no. 862644 (FET Open QUARTET).
article_number: '4460'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Georg M
  full_name: Arnold, Georg M
  id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Arnold
  orcid: 0000-0003-1397-7876
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Wulf, Matthias
  id: 45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Wulf
  orcid: 0000-0001-6613-1378
- first_name: Shabir
  full_name: Barzanjeh, Shabir
  id: 2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barzanjeh
  orcid: 0000-0003-0415-1423
- first_name: Elena
  full_name: Redchenko, Elena
  id: 2C21D6E8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Redchenko
- first_name: Alfredo R
  full_name: Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R
  id: 3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Rueda Sanchez
  orcid: 0000-0001-6249-5860
- first_name: William J
  full_name: Hease, William J
  id: 29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hease
  orcid: 0000-0001-9868-2166
- first_name: Farid
  full_name: Hassani, Farid
  id: 2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hassani
  orcid: 0000-0001-6937-5773
- first_name: Johannes M
  full_name: Fink, Johannes M
  id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Fink
  orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
  ama: Arnold GM, Wulf M, Barzanjeh S, et al. Converting microwave and telecom photons
    with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. <i>Nature Communications</i>.
    2020;11. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z">10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z</a>
  apa: Arnold, G. M., Wulf, M., Barzanjeh, S., Redchenko, E., Rueda Sanchez, A. R.,
    Hease, W. J., … Fink, J. M. (2020). Converting microwave and telecom photons with
    a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer
    Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z</a>
  chicago: Arnold, Georg M, Matthias Wulf, Shabir Barzanjeh, Elena Redchenko, Alfredo
    R Rueda Sanchez, William J Hease, Farid Hassani, and Johannes M Fink. “Converting
    Microwave and Telecom Photons with a Silicon Photonic Nanomechanical Interface.”
    <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z</a>.
  ieee: G. M. Arnold <i>et al.</i>, “Converting microwave and telecom photons with
    a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol.
    11. Springer Nature, 2020.
  ista: Arnold GM, Wulf M, Barzanjeh S, Redchenko E, Rueda Sanchez AR, Hease WJ, Hassani
    F, Fink JM. 2020. Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic
    nanomechanical interface. Nature Communications. 11, 4460.
  mla: Arnold, Georg M., et al. “Converting Microwave and Telecom Photons with a Silicon
    Photonic Nanomechanical Interface.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 11, 4460,
    Springer Nature, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z">10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z</a>.
  short: G.M. Arnold, M. Wulf, S. Barzanjeh, E. Redchenko, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, W.J.
    Hease, F. Hassani, J.M. Fink, Nature Communications 11 (2020).
date_created: 2020-09-18T10:56:20Z
date_published: 2020-09-08T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-08-07T07:11:51Z
day: '08'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z
ec_funded: 1
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  - '000577280200001'
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keyword:
- General Biochemistry
- Genetics and Molecular Biology
- General Physics and Astronomy
- General Chemistry
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month: '09'
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  grant_number: '732894'
  name: Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies
- _id: 26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '758053'
  name: A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '862644'
  name: Quantum readout techniques and technologies
- _id: 2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  name: Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves
    to optical frequencies
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
  issn:
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publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - relation: erratum
    url: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18912-9
  - description: News on IST Homepage
    relation: press_release
    url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/how-to-transport-microwave-quantum-information-via-optical-fiber/
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title: Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical
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  text: This datasets comprises all data shown in plots of the submitted article "Converting
    microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface".
    Additional raw data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable
    request.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Georg M
  full_name: Arnold, Georg M
  id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Arnold
  orcid: 0000-0003-1397-7876
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Wulf, Matthias
  id: 45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Wulf
  orcid: 0000-0001-6613-1378
- first_name: Shabir
  full_name: Barzanjeh, Shabir
  id: 2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barzanjeh
  orcid: 0000-0003-0415-1423
- first_name: Elena
  full_name: Redchenko, Elena
  id: 2C21D6E8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Redchenko
- first_name: Alfredo R
  full_name: Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R
  id: 3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Rueda Sanchez
  orcid: 0000-0001-6249-5860
- first_name: William J
  full_name: Hease, William J
  id: 29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hease
  orcid: 0000-0001-9868-2166
- first_name: Farid
  full_name: Hassani, Farid
  id: 2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hassani
  orcid: 0000-0001-6937-5773
- first_name: Johannes M
  full_name: Fink, Johannes M
  id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Fink
  orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
  ama: Arnold GM, Wulf M, Barzanjeh S, et al. Converting microwave and telecom photons
    with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. 2020. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3961561">10.5281/ZENODO.3961561</a>
  apa: Arnold, G. M., Wulf, M., Barzanjeh, S., Redchenko, E., Rueda Sanchez, A. R.,
    Hease, W. J., … Fink, J. M. (2020). Converting microwave and telecom photons with
    a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3961561">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3961561</a>
  chicago: Arnold, Georg M, Matthias Wulf, Shabir Barzanjeh, Elena Redchenko, Alfredo
    R Rueda Sanchez, William J Hease, Farid Hassani, and Johannes M Fink. “Converting
    Microwave and Telecom Photons with a Silicon Photonic Nanomechanical Interface.”
    Zenodo, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3961561">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3961561</a>.
  ieee: G. M. Arnold <i>et al.</i>, “Converting microwave and telecom photons with
    a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface.” Zenodo, 2020.
  ista: Arnold GM, Wulf M, Barzanjeh S, Redchenko E, Rueda Sanchez AR, Hease WJ, Hassani
    F, Fink JM. 2020. Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic
    nanomechanical interface, Zenodo, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3961561">10.5281/ZENODO.3961561</a>.
  mla: Arnold, Georg M., et al. <i>Converting Microwave and Telecom Photons with a
    Silicon Photonic Nanomechanical Interface</i>. Zenodo, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3961561">10.5281/ZENODO.3961561</a>.
  short: G.M. Arnold, M. Wulf, S. Barzanjeh, E. Redchenko, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, W.J.
    Hease, F. Hassani, J.M. Fink, (2020).
date_created: 2023-05-23T13:37:41Z
date_published: 2020-07-27T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-10T12:23:51Z
day: '27'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.5281/ZENODO.3961561
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3961562
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Zenodo
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status: public
title: Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical
  interface
tmp:
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  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
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type: research_data_reference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '13071'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: This dataset comprises all data shown in the plots of the main part of the
    submitted article "Bidirectional Electro-Optic Wavelength Conversion in the Quantum
    Ground State". Additional raw data are available from the corresponding author
    on reasonable request.
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: William J
  full_name: Hease, William J
  id: 29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hease
  orcid: 0000-0001-9868-2166
- first_name: Alfredo R
  full_name: Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R
  id: 3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Rueda Sanchez
  orcid: 0000-0001-6249-5860
- first_name: Rishabh
  full_name: Sahu, Rishabh
  id: 47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sahu
  orcid: 0000-0001-6264-2162
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Wulf, Matthias
  id: 45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Wulf
  orcid: 0000-0001-6613-1378
- first_name: Georg M
  full_name: Arnold, Georg M
  id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Arnold
  orcid: 0000-0003-1397-7876
- first_name: Harald
  full_name: Schwefel, Harald
  last_name: Schwefel
- first_name: Johannes M
  full_name: Fink, Johannes M
  id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Fink
  orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
  ama: Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Sahu R, et al. Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength
    conversion in the quantum ground state. 2020. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4266025">10.5281/ZENODO.4266025</a>
  apa: Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Sahu, R., Wulf, M., Arnold, G. M., Schwefel,
    H., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2020). Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion
    in the quantum ground state. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4266025">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4266025</a>
  chicago: Hease, William J, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Rishabh Sahu, Matthias Wulf,
    Georg M Arnold, Harald Schwefel, and Johannes M Fink. “Bidirectional Electro-Optic
    Wavelength Conversion in the Quantum Ground State.” Zenodo, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4266025">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4266025</a>.
  ieee: W. J. Hease <i>et al.</i>, “Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion
    in the quantum ground state.” Zenodo, 2020.
  ista: Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Sahu R, Wulf M, Arnold GM, Schwefel H, Fink JM.
    2020. Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground
    state, Zenodo, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4266025">10.5281/ZENODO.4266025</a>.
  mla: Hease, William J., et al. <i>Bidirectional Electro-Optic Wavelength Conversion
    in the Quantum Ground State</i>. Zenodo, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4266025">10.5281/ZENODO.4266025</a>.
  short: W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, R. Sahu, M. Wulf, G.M. Arnold, H. Schwefel,
    J.M. Fink, (2020).
date_created: 2023-05-23T16:44:11Z
date_published: 2020-11-10T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-09-10T12:23:54Z
day: '10'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.5281/ZENODO.4266025
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4266026
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publisher: Zenodo
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '9114'
    relation: used_in_publication
    status: public
status: public
title: Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: research_data_reference
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '9114'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Microwave photonics lends the advantages of fiber optics to electronic sensing
    and communication systems. In contrast to nonlinear optics, electro-optic devices
    so far require classical modulation fields whose variance is dominated by electronic
    or thermal noise rather than quantum fluctuations. Here we demonstrate bidirectional
    single-sideband conversion of X band microwave to C band telecom light with a
    microwave mode occupancy as low as 0.025 ± 0.005 and an added output noise of
    less than or equal to 0.074 photons. This is facilitated by radiative cooling
    and a triply resonant ultra-low-loss transducer operating at millikelvin temperatures.
    The high bandwidth of 10.7 MHz and total (internal) photon conversion\r\nefficiency
    of 0.03% (0.67%) combined with the extremely slow heating rate of 1.1 added output
    noise photons per second for the highest available pump power of 1.48 mW puts
    near-unity efficiency pulsed quantum transduction within reach. Together with
    the non-Gaussian resources of superconducting qubits this might provide the practical
    foundation to extend the range and scope of current quantum networks in analogy
    to electrical repeaters in classical fiber optic communication."
acknowledged_ssus:
- _id: M-Shop
acknowledgement: "The authors acknowledge the support of T. Menner, A. Arslani, and
  T. Asenov from the Miba machine shop for machining the microwave cavity, and thank
  S. Barzanjeh, F. Sedlmeir, and C. Marquardt for fruitful discussions. This work
  is supported by IST Austria and the European Research Council under Grant No. 758053
  (ERC StG QUNNECT). W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship with
  funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under
  the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant No. 754411.\r\nG.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship
  of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. J.M.F. acknowledges support
  from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F71) and the European Union’s
  Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant No. 899354 (FET Open SuperQuLAN).
  H.G.L.S. acknowledges support from the Aotearoa/New Zealand’s MBIE Endeavour Smart
  Ideas Grant No UOOX1805."
article_number: '020315'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: William J
  full_name: Hease, William J
  id: 29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hease
  orcid: 0000-0001-9868-2166
- first_name: Alfredo R
  full_name: Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R
  id: 3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Rueda Sanchez
  orcid: 0000-0001-6249-5860
- first_name: Rishabh
  full_name: Sahu, Rishabh
  id: 47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sahu
  orcid: 0000-0001-6264-2162
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Wulf, Matthias
  id: 45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Wulf
  orcid: 0000-0001-6613-1378
- first_name: Georg M
  full_name: Arnold, Georg M
  id: 3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Arnold
  orcid: 0000-0003-1397-7876
- first_name: Harald G.L.
  full_name: Schwefel, Harald G.L.
  last_name: Schwefel
- first_name: Johannes M
  full_name: Fink, Johannes M
  id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Fink
  orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
  ama: Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Sahu R, et al. Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength
    conversion in the quantum ground state. <i>PRX Quantum</i>. 2020;1(2). doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315">10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315</a>
  apa: Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Sahu, R., Wulf, M., Arnold, G. M., Schwefel,
    H. G. L., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2020). Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion
    in the quantum ground state. <i>PRX Quantum</i>. American Physical Society. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315">https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315</a>
  chicago: Hease, William J, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Rishabh Sahu, Matthias Wulf,
    Georg M Arnold, Harald G.L. Schwefel, and Johannes M Fink. “Bidirectional Electro-Optic
    Wavelength Conversion in the Quantum Ground State.” <i>PRX Quantum</i>. American
    Physical Society, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315">https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315</a>.
  ieee: W. J. Hease <i>et al.</i>, “Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion
    in the quantum ground state,” <i>PRX Quantum</i>, vol. 1, no. 2. American Physical
    Society, 2020.
  ista: Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Sahu R, Wulf M, Arnold GM, Schwefel HGL, Fink
    JM. 2020. Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground
    state. PRX Quantum. 1(2), 020315.
  mla: Hease, William J., et al. “Bidirectional Electro-Optic Wavelength Conversion
    in the Quantum Ground State.” <i>PRX Quantum</i>, vol. 1, no. 2, 020315, American
    Physical Society, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315">10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315</a>.
  short: W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, R. Sahu, M. Wulf, G.M. Arnold, H.G.L. Schwefel,
    J.M. Fink, PRX Quantum 1 (2020).
date_created: 2021-02-12T10:41:28Z
date_published: 2020-11-23T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-10-29T09:11:05Z
day: '23'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000674680100001'
file:
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  checksum: b70b12ded6d7660d4c9037eb09bfed0c
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  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2021-02-12T11:16:16Z
  date_updated: 2021-02-12T11:16:16Z
  file_id: '9115'
  file_name: 2020_PRXQuantum_Hease.pdf
  file_size: 2146924
  relation: main_file
  success: 1
file_date_updated: 2021-02-12T11:16:16Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         1'
isi: 1
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '758053'
  name: A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '899354'
  name: Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: F07105
  name: Integrating superconducting quantum circuits
- _id: 2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  name: Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves
    to optical frequencies
publication: PRX Quantum
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2691-3399
publication_status: published
publisher: American Physical Society
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - description: News on IST Homepage
    relation: press_release
    url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/how-to-transport-microwave-quantum-information-via-optical-fiber/
  record:
  - id: '13071'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
  - id: '12900'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
  - id: '13175'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
status: public
title: Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 1
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '7156'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We propose an efficient microwave-photonic modulator as a resource for stationary
    entangled microwave-optical fields and develop the theory for deterministic entanglement
    generation and quantum state transfer in multi-resonant electro-optic systems.
    The device is based on a single crystal whispering gallery mode resonator integrated
    into a 3D-microwave cavity. The specific design relies on a new combination of
    thin-film technology and conventional machining that is optimized for the lowest
    dissipation rates in the microwave, optical, and mechanical domains. We extract
    important device properties from finite-element simulations and predict continuous
    variable entanglement generation rates on the order of a Mebit/s for optical pump
    powers of only a few tens of microwatts. We compare the quantum state transfer
    fidelities of coherent, squeezed, and non-Gaussian cat states for both teleportation
    and direct conversion protocols under realistic conditions. Combining the unique
    capabilities of circuit quantum electrodynamics with the resilience of fiber optic
    communication could facilitate long-distance solid-state qubit networks, new methods
    for quantum signal synthesis, quantum key distribution, and quantum enhanced detection,
    as well as more power-efficient classical sensing and modulation.
article_number: '108'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Alfredo R
  full_name: Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R
  id: 3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Rueda Sanchez
  orcid: 0000-0001-6249-5860
- first_name: William J
  full_name: Hease, William J
  id: 29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Hease
  orcid: 0000-0001-9868-2166
- first_name: Shabir
  full_name: Barzanjeh, Shabir
  id: 2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barzanjeh
  orcid: 0000-0003-0415-1423
- first_name: Johannes M
  full_name: Fink, Johannes M
  id: 4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Fink
  orcid: 0000-0001-8112-028X
citation:
  ama: Rueda Sanchez AR, Hease WJ, Barzanjeh S, Fink JM. Electro-optic entanglement
    source for microwave to telecom quantum state transfer. <i>npj Quantum Information</i>.
    2019;5. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5">10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5</a>
  apa: Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Hease, W. J., Barzanjeh, S., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2019).
    Electro-optic entanglement source for microwave to telecom quantum state transfer.
    <i>Npj Quantum Information</i>. Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5</a>
  chicago: Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R, William J Hease, Shabir Barzanjeh, and Johannes
    M Fink. “Electro-Optic Entanglement Source for Microwave to Telecom Quantum State
    Transfer.” <i>Npj Quantum Information</i>. Springer Nature, 2019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5</a>.
  ieee: A. R. Rueda Sanchez, W. J. Hease, S. Barzanjeh, and J. M. Fink, “Electro-optic
    entanglement source for microwave to telecom quantum state transfer,” <i>npj Quantum
    Information</i>, vol. 5. Springer Nature, 2019.
  ista: Rueda Sanchez AR, Hease WJ, Barzanjeh S, Fink JM. 2019. Electro-optic entanglement
    source for microwave to telecom quantum state transfer. npj Quantum Information.
    5, 108.
  mla: Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R., et al. “Electro-Optic Entanglement Source for Microwave
    to Telecom Quantum State Transfer.” <i>Npj Quantum Information</i>, vol. 5, 108,
    Springer Nature, 2019, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5">10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5</a>.
  short: A.R. Rueda Sanchez, W.J. Hease, S. Barzanjeh, J.M. Fink, Npj Quantum Information
    5 (2019).
date_created: 2019-12-09T08:18:56Z
date_published: 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-08-07T07:11:55Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '530'
department:
- _id: JoFi
doi: 10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1909.01470'
  isi:
  - '000502996200003'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 13e0ea1d4f9b5f5710780d9473364f58
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2019-12-09T08:25:06Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:50Z
  file_id: '7157'
  file_name: 2019_NPJ_Rueda.pdf
  file_size: 1580132
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:50Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '         5'
isi: 1
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '758053'
  name: A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits
- _id: 258047B6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '707438'
  name: 'Microwave-to-Optical Quantum Link: Quantum Teleportation and Quantum Illumination
    with cavity Optomechanics SUPEREOM'
- _id: 257EB838-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '732894'
  name: Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies
- _id: 26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: F07105
  name: Integrating superconducting quantum circuits
publication: npj Quantum Information
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2056-6387
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Electro-optic entanglement source for microwave to telecom quantum state transfer
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1
volume: 5
year: '2019'
...