[{"publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781957171296"]},"quality_controlled":"1","publication_status":"published","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We entangled microwave and optical photons for the first time as verified by a measured two-mode vacuum squeezing of 0.7 dB. This electro-optic entanglement is the key resource needed to connect cryogenic quantum circuits."}],"type":"conference","date_created":"2024-01-22T12:29:41Z","date_updated":"2024-01-24T08:43:28Z","_id":"14872","oa_version":"None","title":"Entangling microwaves and telecom wavelength light","publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","author":[{"full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Sahu","first_name":"Rishabh","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162"},{"full_name":"Qiu, Liu","last_name":"Qiu","first_name":"Liu"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","first_name":"William J","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hease, William J","last_name":"Hease"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","first_name":"Georg M","last_name":"Arnold","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Yuri","last_name":"Minoguchi","full_name":"Minoguchi, Yuri"},{"full_name":"Rabl, Peter","last_name":"Rabl","first_name":"Peter"},{"id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","last_name":"Fink","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M"}],"doi":"10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"01","date_published":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","conference":{"name":"Laser Science","start_date":"2023-10-09","end_date":"2023-10-12","location":"Tacoma, WA, United States"},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"ama":"Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, et al. Entangling microwaves and telecom wavelength light. In: <i>Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023</i>. Optica Publishing Group; 2023. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3\">10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3</a>","short":"R. Sahu, L. Qiu, W.J. Hease, G.M. Arnold, Y. Minoguchi, P. Rabl, J.M. Fink, in:, Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023, Optica Publishing Group, 2023.","ieee":"R. Sahu <i>et al.</i>, “Entangling microwaves and telecom wavelength light,” in <i>Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023</i>, Tacoma, WA, United States, 2023.","ista":"Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Minoguchi Y, Rabl P, Fink JM. 2023. Entangling microwaves and telecom wavelength light. Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023. Laser Science, LM1F.3.","chicago":"Sahu, Rishabh, Liu Qiu, William J Hease, Georg M Arnold, Yuri Minoguchi, Peter Rabl, and Johannes M Fink. “Entangling Microwaves and Telecom Wavelength Light.” In <i>Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023</i>. Optica Publishing Group, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3\">https://doi.org/10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3</a>.","mla":"Sahu, Rishabh, et al. “Entangling Microwaves and Telecom Wavelength Light.” <i>Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023</i>, LM1F.3, Optica Publishing Group, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3\">10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3</a>.","apa":"Sahu, R., Qiu, L., Hease, W. J., Arnold, G. M., Minoguchi, Y., Rabl, P., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2023). Entangling microwaves and telecom wavelength light. In <i>Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023</i>. Tacoma, WA, United States: Optica Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3\">https://doi.org/10.1364/ls.2023.lm1f.3</a>"},"publication":"Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science 2023","status":"public","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"LM1F.3","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"month":"10","year":"2023"},{"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.adg3812","article_processing_charge":"No","type":"dissertation","date_updated":"2025-07-15T09:17:40Z","_id":"13106","page":"718-721","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.03315","open_access":"1"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000996515200004"],"arxiv":["2301.03315"]},"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"13122","relation":"research_data","status":"public"}],"link":[{"description":"News on ISTA Website","url":"https://ista.ac.at/en/news/wiring-up-quantum-circuits-with-light/","relation":"press_release"}]},"isi":1,"year":"2023","keyword":["Multidisciplinary"],"project":[{"_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"758053","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","grant_number":"899354","name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","grant_number":"754411"},{"_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"F07105","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits"},{"grant_number":"862644","name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"},{"_id":"2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves to optical frequencies"}],"status":"public","degree_awarded":"PhD","date_published":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the European Research Council (grant no. 758053, ERC StG QUNNECT) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (grant no. 899354, FETopen SuperQuLAN). L.Q. acknowledges generous support from the ISTFELLOW program. W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant no. 754411). G.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. J.M.F. acknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (grant no. F7105) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (grant no. 862644, FETopen QUARTET).","ec_funded":1,"title":"Entangling microwaves with light","oa_version":"Preprint","author":[{"id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","last_name":"Sahu","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","first_name":"Rishabh"},{"first_name":"Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-4345-4267","id":"45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac","full_name":"Qiu, Liu","last_name":"Qiu"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","first_name":"William J","full_name":"Hease, William J","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hease"},{"last_name":"Arnold","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","first_name":"Georg M"},{"last_name":"Minoguchi","full_name":"Minoguchi, Y.","first_name":"Y."},{"first_name":"P.","full_name":"Rabl, P.","last_name":"Rabl"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","last_name":"Fink"}],"day":"18","date_created":"2023-05-31T11:39:24Z","volume":380,"abstract":[{"text":"Quantum entanglement is a key resource in currently developed quantum technologies. Sharing this fragile property between superconducting microwave circuits and optical or atomic systems would enable new functionalities, but this has been hindered by an energy scale mismatch of >104 and the resulting mutually imposed loss and noise. In this work, we created and verified entanglement between microwave and optical fields in a millikelvin environment. Using an optically pulsed superconducting electro-optical device, we show entanglement between propagating microwave and optical fields in the continuous variable domain. This achievement not only paves the way for entanglement between superconducting circuits and telecom wavelength light, but also has wide-ranging implications for hybrid quantum networks in the context of modularization, scaling, sensing, and cross-platform verification.","lang":"eng"}],"intvolume":"       380","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0036-8075"],"eissn":["1095-9203"]},"publication_status":"published","month":"05","arxiv":1,"department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"ista":"Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Minoguchi Y, Rabl P, Fink JM. 2023. Entangling microwaves with light. American Association for the Advancement of Science.","chicago":"Sahu, Rishabh, Liu Qiu, William J Hease, Georg M Arnold, Y. Minoguchi, P. Rabl, and Johannes M Fink. “Entangling Microwaves with Light.” American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812\">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812</a>.","apa":"Sahu, R., Qiu, L., Hease, W. J., Arnold, G. M., Minoguchi, Y., Rabl, P., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2023). <i>Entangling microwaves with light</i>. American Association for the Advancement of Science. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812\">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812</a>","mla":"Sahu, Rishabh, et al. <i>Entangling Microwaves with Light</i>. Vol. 380, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023, pp. 718–21, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812\">10.1126/science.adg3812</a>.","ama":"Sahu R, Qiu L, Hease WJ, et al. Entangling microwaves with light. 2023;380:718-721. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg3812\">10.1126/science.adg3812</a>","ieee":"R. Sahu <i>et al.</i>, “Entangling microwaves with light,” American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023.","short":"R. Sahu, L. Qiu, W.J. Hease, G.M. Arnold, Y. Minoguchi, P. Rabl, J.M. Fink, Entangling Microwaves with Light, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2023."}},{"file_date_updated":"2023-07-10T10:10:54Z","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["2041-1723"]},"publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Recent quantum technologies have established precise quantum control of various microscopic systems using electromagnetic waves. Interfaces based on cryogenic cavity electro-optic systems are particularly promising, due to the direct interaction between microwave and optical fields in the quantum regime. Quantum optical control of superconducting microwave circuits has been precluded so far due to the weak electro-optical coupling as well as quasi-particles induced by the pump laser. Here we report the coherent control of a superconducting microwave cavity using laser pulses in a multimode electro-optical device at millikelvin temperature with near-unity cooperativity. Both the stationary and instantaneous responses of the microwave and optical modes comply with the coherent electro-optical interaction, and reveal only minuscule amount of excess back-action with an unanticipated time delay. Our demonstration enables wide ranges of applications beyond quantum transductions, from squeezing and quantum non-demolition measurements of microwave fields, to entanglement generation and hybrid quantum networks.","lang":"eng"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"intvolume":"        14","volume":14,"date_created":"2023-07-09T22:01:11Z","article_type":"original","day":"24","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"id":"45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac","full_name":"Qiu, Liu","last_name":"Qiu","first_name":"Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-4345-4267"},{"first_name":"Rishabh","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Sahu"},{"full_name":"Hease, William J","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hease","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","first_name":"William J"},{"full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Arnold","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","first_name":"Georg M"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","last_name":"Fink"}],"title":"Coherent optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action","oa_version":"Published Version","citation":{"ieee":"L. Qiu, R. Sahu, W. J. Hease, G. M. Arnold, and J. M. Fink, “Coherent optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 14. Nature Research, 2023.","short":"L. Qiu, R. Sahu, W.J. Hease, G.M. Arnold, J.M. Fink, Nature Communications 14 (2023).","ama":"Qiu L, Sahu R, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Fink JM. Coherent optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2023;14. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3\">10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3</a>","apa":"Qiu, L., Sahu, R., Hease, W. J., Arnold, G. M., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2023). Coherent optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Nature Research. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3</a>","mla":"Qiu, Liu, et al. “Coherent Optical Control of a Superconducting Microwave Cavity via Electro-Optical Dynamical Back-Action.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 14, 3784, Nature Research, 2023, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3\">10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3</a>.","ista":"Qiu L, Sahu R, Hease WJ, Arnold GM, Fink JM. 2023. Coherent optical control of a superconducting microwave cavity via electro-optical dynamical back-action. Nature Communications. 14, 3784.","chicago":"Qiu, Liu, Rishabh Sahu, William J Hease, Georg M Arnold, and Johannes M Fink. “Coherent Optical Control of a Superconducting Microwave Cavity via Electro-Optical Dynamical Back-Action.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Nature Research, 2023. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3</a>."},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"article_number":"3784","file":[{"file_id":"13206","date_created":"2023-07-10T10:10:54Z","file_size":1349134,"creator":"alisjak","date_updated":"2023-07-10T10:10:54Z","relation":"main_file","checksum":"ec7ccd2c08f90d59cab302fd0d7776a4","file_name":"2023_NatureComms_Qiu.pdf","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access"}],"arxiv":1,"month":"06","quality_controlled":"1","ddc":["000"],"_id":"13200","date_updated":"2024-08-07T07:11:55Z","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1038/s41467-023-39493-3","publisher":"Nature Research","ec_funded":1,"pmid":1,"acknowledgement":"This work was supported by the European Research Council under grant agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 899354 (FETopen SuperQuLAN), and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F7105). L.Q. acknowledges generous support from the ISTFELLOW programme. W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 754411. G.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria.","date_published":"2023-06-24T00:00:00Z","status":"public","publication":"Nature Communications","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"758053","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"899354","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"bdb108fd-d553-11ed-ba76-83dc74a9864f","name":"QUANTUM INFORMATION SYSTEMS BEYOND CLASSICAL CAPABILITIES / P5- Integration of Superconducting Quantum Circuits"},{"_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","grant_number":"754411","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"_id":"25681D80-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FP7","grant_number":"291734","name":"International IST Postdoc Fellowship Programme"},{"name":"Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves to optical frequencies","_id":"2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"isi":1,"year":"2023","external_id":{"pmid":["37355691"],"isi":["001018100800002"],"arxiv":["2210.12443"]}},{"file":[{"file_name":"2022_NatureCommunications_Sahu.pdf","success":1,"content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","relation":"main_file","checksum":"7c5176db7b8e2ed18a4e0c5aca70a72c","file_size":1167492,"date_created":"2022-03-28T08:02:12Z","date_updated":"2022-03-28T08:02:12Z","creator":"dernst","file_id":"10929"}],"article_number":"1276","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"month":"03","arxiv":1,"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","citation":{"ista":"Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. 2022. Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface. Nature Communications. 13, 1276.","chicago":"Sahu, Rishabh, William J Hease, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Georg M Arnold, Liu Qiu, and Johannes M Fink. “Quantum-Enabled Operation of a Microwave-Optical Interface.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>.","mla":"Sahu, Rishabh, et al. “Quantum-Enabled Operation of a Microwave-Optical Interface.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 13, 1276, Springer Nature, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2\">10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>.","apa":"Sahu, R., Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Arnold, G. M., Qiu, L., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2022). Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>","ama":"Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2022;13. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2\">10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2</a>","short":"R. Sahu, W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, G.M. Arnold, L. Qiu, J.M. Fink, Nature Communications 13 (2022).","ieee":"R. Sahu, W. J. Hease, A. R. Rueda Sanchez, G. M. Arnold, L. Qiu, and J. M. Fink, “Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 13. Springer Nature, 2022."},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"date_created":"2022-03-27T22:01:45Z","article_type":"original","volume":13,"title":"Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface","oa_version":"Published Version","day":"11","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"last_name":"Sahu","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","first_name":"Rishabh","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162"},{"last_name":"Hease","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hease, William J","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","first_name":"William J"},{"first_name":"Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez"},{"last_name":"Arnold","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","first_name":"Georg M"},{"first_name":"Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-4345-4267","full_name":"Qiu, Liu","id":"45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac","last_name":"Qiu"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"file_date_updated":"2022-03-28T08:02:12Z","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["20411723"]},"acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Solid-state microwave systems offer strong interactions for fast quantum logic and sensing but photons at telecom wavelength are the ideal choice for high-density low-loss quantum interconnects. A general-purpose interface that can make use of single photon effects requires < 1 input noise quanta, which has remained elusive due to either low efficiency or pump induced heating. Here we demonstrate coherent electro-optic modulation on nanosecond-timescales with only 0.16+0.02−0.01 microwave input noise photons with a total bidirectional transduction efficiency of 8.7% (or up to 15% with 0.41+0.02−0.02), as required for near-term heralded quantum network protocols. The use of short and high-power optical pump pulses also enables near-unity cooperativity of the electro-optic interaction leading to an internal pure conversion efficiency of up to 99.5%. Together with the low mode occupancy this provides evidence for electro-optic laser cooling and vacuum amplification as predicted a decade ago."}],"intvolume":"        13","has_accepted_license":"1","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"12900"},{"id":"13175","status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains"}]},"external_id":{"isi":["000767892300013"],"arxiv":["2107.08303"]},"isi":1,"year":"2022","date_published":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","acknowledgement":"The authors thank S. Wald and F. Diorico for their help with optical filtering, O. Hosten\r\nand M. Aspelmeyer for equipment, H.G.L. Schwefel for materials and discussions, L.\r\nDrmic and P. Zielinski for software support, and the MIBA workshop at IST Austria for\r\nmachining the microwave cavity. This work was supported by the European Research\r\nCouncil under grant agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT) and the European\r\nUnion’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no.\r\n899354 (FETopen SuperQuLAN). W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship\r\nwith funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation\r\nprogram under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 754411. G.A. is the\r\nrecipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. J.M.F.\r\nacknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F7105)\r\nand the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs under grant\r\nagreement no. 862644 (FETopen QUARTET).","ec_funded":1,"publication":"Nature Communications","status":"public","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"758053","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"899354","name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits"},{"_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","grant_number":"754411","call_identifier":"H2020"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","grant_number":"F07105","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits","_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"grant_number":"862644","name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E"}],"type":"journal_article","_id":"10924","date_updated":"2024-10-29T09:11:06Z","publisher":"Springer Nature","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1038/s41467-022-28924-2","quality_controlled":"1","ddc":["530"]},{"article_processing_charge":"No","day":"01","scopus_import":"1","doi":"10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4","author":[{"id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","last_name":"Sahu","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","first_name":"Rishabh"},{"first_name":"William J","last_name":"Hease","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hease, William J"},{"id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","first_name":"Alfredo R"},{"last_name":"Arnold","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","first_name":"Georg M"},{"last_name":"Qiu","id":"45e99c0d-1eb1-11eb-9b96-ed8ab2983cac","full_name":"Qiu, Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-4345-4267","first_name":"Liu"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","title":"Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light","oa_version":"None","_id":"12088","date_updated":"2023-02-13T09:06:10Z","date_created":"2022-09-11T22:01:58Z","type":"conference","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We present a quantum-enabled microwave-telecom interface with bidirectional conversion efficiencies up to 15% and added input noise quanta as low as 0.16. Moreover, we observe evidence for electro-optic laser cooling and vacuum amplification."}],"quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["9781557528209"]},"publication_status":"published","year":"2022","month":"05","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"article_number":"FW4D.4","publication":"Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"status":"public","citation":{"ieee":"R. Sahu, W. J. Hease, A. R. Rueda Sanchez, G. M. Arnold, L. Qiu, and J. M. Fink, “Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light,” in <i>Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics</i>, San Jose, CA, United States, 2022.","short":"R. Sahu, W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, G.M. Arnold, L. Qiu, J.M. Fink, in:, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, Optica Publishing Group, 2022.","ama":"Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light. In: <i>Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics</i>. Optica Publishing Group; 2022. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4\">10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4</a>","apa":"Sahu, R., Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Arnold, G. M., Qiu, L., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2022). Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light. In <i>Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics</i>. San Jose, CA, United States: Optica Publishing Group. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4\">https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4</a>","mla":"Sahu, Rishabh, et al. “Realizing a Quantum-Enabled Interconnect between Microwave and Telecom Light.” <i>Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics</i>, FW4D.4, Optica Publishing Group, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4\">10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4</a>.","ista":"Sahu R, Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Arnold GM, Qiu L, Fink JM. 2022. Realizing a quantum-enabled interconnect between microwave and telecom light. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. CLEO: QELS Fundamental Science, FW4D.4.","chicago":"Sahu, Rishabh, William J Hease, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Georg M Arnold, Liu Qiu, and Johannes M Fink. “Realizing a Quantum-Enabled Interconnect between Microwave and Telecom Light.” In <i>Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics</i>. Optica Publishing Group, 2022. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4\">https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2022.FW4D.4</a>."},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","conference":{"location":"San Jose, CA, United States","end_date":"2022-05-20","start_date":"2022-05-15","name":"CLEO: QELS Fundamental Science"},"date_published":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z"},{"citation":{"ama":"Arnold GM, Wulf M, Barzanjeh S, et al. Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2020;11. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z\">10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z</a>","ieee":"G. M. Arnold <i>et al.</i>, “Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 11. Springer Nature, 2020.","short":"G.M. Arnold, M. Wulf, S. Barzanjeh, E. Redchenko, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, W.J. Hease, F. Hassani, J.M. Fink, Nature Communications 11 (2020).","chicago":"Arnold, Georg M, Matthias Wulf, Shabir Barzanjeh, Elena Redchenko, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, William J Hease, Farid Hassani, and Johannes M Fink. “Converting Microwave and Telecom Photons with a Silicon Photonic Nanomechanical Interface.” <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z</a>.","ista":"Arnold GM, Wulf M, Barzanjeh S, Redchenko E, Rueda Sanchez AR, Hease WJ, Hassani F, Fink JM. 2020. Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. Nature Communications. 11, 4460.","apa":"Arnold, G. M., Wulf, M., Barzanjeh, S., Redchenko, E., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Hease, W. J., … Fink, J. M. (2020). Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. <i>Nature Communications</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z</a>","mla":"Arnold, Georg M., et al. “Converting Microwave and Telecom Photons with a Silicon Photonic Nanomechanical Interface.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 11, 4460, Springer Nature, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z\">10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z</a>."},"user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"article_number":"4460","file":[{"checksum":"88f92544889eb18bb38e25629a422a86","relation":"main_file","access_level":"open_access","content_type":"application/pdf","success":1,"file_name":"2020_NatureComm_Arnold.pdf","file_id":"8530","date_updated":"2020-09-18T13:02:37Z","creator":"dernst","file_size":1002818,"date_created":"2020-09-18T13:02:37Z"}],"month":"09","file_date_updated":"2020-09-18T13:02:37Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2041-1723"]},"publication_status":"published","has_accepted_license":"1","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"NanoFab"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"text":"Practical quantum networks require low-loss and noise-resilient optical interconnects as well as non-Gaussian resources for entanglement distillation and distributed quantum computation. The latter could be provided by superconducting circuits but existing solutions to interface the microwave and optical domains lack either scalability or efficiency, and in most cases the conversion noise is not known. In this work we utilize the unique opportunities of silicon photonics, cavity optomechanics and superconducting circuits to demonstrate a fully integrated, coherent transducer interfacing the microwave X and the telecom S bands with a total (internal) bidirectional transduction efficiency of 1.2% (135%) at millikelvin temperatures. The coupling relies solely on the radiation pressure interaction mediated by the femtometer-scale motion of two silicon nanobeams reaching a <jats:italic>V</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>π</jats:italic></jats:sub> as low as 16 μV for sub-nanowatt pump powers. Without the associated optomechanical gain, we achieve a total (internal) pure conversion efficiency of up to 0.019% (1.6%), relevant for future noise-free operation on this qubit-compatible platform.","lang":"eng"}],"intvolume":"        11","volume":11,"date_created":"2020-09-18T10:56:20Z","article_type":"original","day":"08","author":[{"full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Arnold","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","first_name":"Georg M"},{"last_name":"Wulf","full_name":"Wulf, Matthias","id":"45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Matthias","orcid":"0000-0001-6613-1378"},{"id":"2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Barzanjeh, Shabir","last_name":"Barzanjeh","orcid":"0000-0003-0415-1423","first_name":"Shabir"},{"first_name":"Elena","full_name":"Redchenko, Elena","id":"2C21D6E8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Redchenko"},{"last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","first_name":"Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860"},{"last_name":"Hease","full_name":"Hease, William J","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"William J","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6937-5773","first_name":"Farid","last_name":"Hassani","full_name":"Hassani, Farid","id":"2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"first_name":"Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","last_name":"Fink"}],"title":"Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface","oa_version":"Published Version","ec_funded":1,"acknowledgement":"We thank Yuan Chen for performing supplementary FEM simulations and Andrew Higginbotham, Ralf Riedinger, Sungkun Hong, and Lorenzo Magrini for valuable discussions. This work was supported by IST Austria, the IST nanofabrication facility (NFF), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 732894 (FET Proactive HOT) and the European Research Council under grant agreement no. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT). G.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 754411. J.M.F. acknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F71), a NOMIS foundation research grant, and the EU’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 862644 (FET Open QUARTET).","date_published":"2020-09-08T00:00:00Z","status":"public","publication":"Nature Communications","project":[{"call_identifier":"H2020","grant_number":"732894","name":"Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies","_id":"257EB838-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"758053"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","grant_number":"754411","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"237CBA6C-32DE-11EA-91FC-C7463DDC885E","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Quantum readout techniques and technologies","grant_number":"862644"},{"_id":"2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves to optical frequencies"}],"keyword":["General Biochemistry","Genetics and Molecular Biology","General Physics and Astronomy","General Chemistry"],"isi":1,"year":"2020","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"research_data","status":"public","id":"13056"}],"link":[{"relation":"erratum","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18912-9"},{"description":"News on IST Homepage","url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/how-to-transport-microwave-quantum-information-via-optical-fiber/","relation":"press_release"}]},"external_id":{"isi":["000577280200001"]},"quality_controlled":"1","ddc":["530"],"_id":"8529","date_updated":"2024-08-07T07:11:51Z","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1038/s41467-020-18269-z","publisher":"Springer Nature"},{"status":"public","oa":1,"date_published":"2020-07-27T00:00:00Z","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","citation":{"chicago":"Arnold, Georg M, Matthias Wulf, Shabir Barzanjeh, Elena Redchenko, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, William J Hease, Farid Hassani, and Johannes M Fink. “Converting Microwave and Telecom Photons with a Silicon Photonic Nanomechanical Interface.” Zenodo, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3961561\">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3961561</a>.","ista":"Arnold GM, Wulf M, Barzanjeh S, Redchenko E, Rueda Sanchez AR, Hease WJ, Hassani F, Fink JM. 2020. Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface, Zenodo, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3961561\">10.5281/ZENODO.3961561</a>.","apa":"Arnold, G. M., Wulf, M., Barzanjeh, S., Redchenko, E., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Hease, W. J., … Fink, J. M. (2020). Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. Zenodo. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3961561\">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3961561</a>","mla":"Arnold, Georg M., et al. <i>Converting Microwave and Telecom Photons with a Silicon Photonic Nanomechanical Interface</i>. Zenodo, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3961561\">10.5281/ZENODO.3961561</a>.","ama":"Arnold GM, Wulf M, Barzanjeh S, et al. Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface. 2020. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3961561\">10.5281/ZENODO.3961561</a>","ieee":"G. M. Arnold <i>et al.</i>, “Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface.” Zenodo, 2020.","short":"G.M. Arnold, M. Wulf, S. Barzanjeh, E. Redchenko, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, W.J. Hease, F. Hassani, J.M. Fink, (2020)."},"month":"07","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"used_in_publication","status":"public","id":"8529"}]},"year":"2020","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"abstract":[{"text":"This datasets comprises all data shown in plots of the submitted article \"Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface\". Additional raw data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.","lang":"eng"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"ddc":["530"],"main_file_link":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3961562","open_access":"1"}],"publisher":"Zenodo","oa_version":"Published Version","title":"Converting microwave and telecom photons with a silicon photonic nanomechanical interface","author":[{"id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","last_name":"Arnold","first_name":"Georg M","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-6613-1378","first_name":"Matthias","full_name":"Wulf, Matthias","id":"45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Wulf"},{"last_name":"Barzanjeh","id":"2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Barzanjeh, Shabir","orcid":"0000-0003-0415-1423","first_name":"Shabir"},{"first_name":"Elena","full_name":"Redchenko, Elena","id":"2C21D6E8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Redchenko"},{"id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","first_name":"Alfredo R"},{"full_name":"Hease, William J","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hease","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","first_name":"William J"},{"last_name":"Hassani","id":"2AED110C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Hassani, Farid","first_name":"Farid","orcid":"0000-0001-6937-5773"},{"full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Fink","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M"}],"doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.3961561","article_processing_charge":"No","day":"27","type":"research_data_reference","date_created":"2023-05-23T13:37:41Z","date_updated":"2024-09-10T12:23:51Z","_id":"13056"},{"citation":{"ista":"Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Sahu R, Wulf M, Arnold GM, Schwefel H, Fink JM. 2020. Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state, Zenodo, <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4266025\">10.5281/ZENODO.4266025</a>.","chicago":"Hease, William J, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Rishabh Sahu, Matthias Wulf, Georg M Arnold, Harald Schwefel, and Johannes M Fink. “Bidirectional Electro-Optic Wavelength Conversion in the Quantum Ground State.” Zenodo, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4266025\">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4266025</a>.","mla":"Hease, William J., et al. <i>Bidirectional Electro-Optic Wavelength Conversion in the Quantum Ground State</i>. Zenodo, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4266025\">10.5281/ZENODO.4266025</a>.","apa":"Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Sahu, R., Wulf, M., Arnold, G. M., Schwefel, H., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2020). Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state. Zenodo. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4266025\">https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4266025</a>","ama":"Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Sahu R, et al. Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state. 2020. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4266025\">10.5281/ZENODO.4266025</a>","short":"W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, R. Sahu, M. Wulf, G.M. Arnold, H. Schwefel, J.M. Fink, (2020).","ieee":"W. J. Hease <i>et al.</i>, “Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state.” Zenodo, 2020."},"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","date_published":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","oa":1,"status":"public","department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"year":"2020","month":"11","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"used_in_publication","status":"public","id":"9114"}]},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4266026"}],"ddc":["530"],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"text":"This dataset comprises all data shown in the plots of the main part of the submitted article \"Bidirectional Electro-Optic Wavelength Conversion in the Quantum Ground State\". Additional raw data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.","lang":"eng"}],"_id":"13071","date_updated":"2024-09-10T12:23:54Z","date_created":"2023-05-23T16:44:11Z","type":"research_data_reference","day":"10","article_processing_charge":"No","author":[{"full_name":"Hease, William J","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Hease","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","first_name":"William J"},{"full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","first_name":"Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860"},{"last_name":"Sahu","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","first_name":"Rishabh","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162"},{"last_name":"Wulf","id":"45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Wulf, Matthias","first_name":"Matthias","orcid":"0000-0001-6613-1378"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","first_name":"Georg M","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Arnold"},{"first_name":"Harald","full_name":"Schwefel, Harald","last_name":"Schwefel"},{"last_name":"Fink","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","first_name":"Johannes M","orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X"}],"doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.4266025","title":"Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state","publisher":"Zenodo","oa_version":"Published Version"},{"file_date_updated":"2021-02-12T11:16:16Z","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2691-3399"]},"has_accepted_license":"1","acknowledged_ssus":[{"_id":"M-Shop"}],"abstract":[{"text":"Microwave photonics lends the advantages of fiber optics to electronic sensing and communication systems. In contrast to nonlinear optics, electro-optic devices so far require classical modulation fields whose variance is dominated by electronic or thermal noise rather than quantum fluctuations. Here we demonstrate bidirectional single-sideband conversion of X band microwave to C band telecom light with a microwave mode occupancy as low as 0.025 ± 0.005 and an added output noise of less than or equal to 0.074 photons. This is facilitated by radiative cooling and a triply resonant ultra-low-loss transducer operating at millikelvin temperatures. The high bandwidth of 10.7 MHz and total (internal) photon conversion\r\nefficiency of 0.03% (0.67%) combined with the extremely slow heating rate of 1.1 added output noise photons per second for the highest available pump power of 1.48 mW puts near-unity efficiency pulsed quantum transduction within reach. Together with the non-Gaussian resources of superconducting qubits this might provide the practical foundation to extend the range and scope of current quantum networks in analogy to electrical repeaters in classical fiber optic communication.","lang":"eng"}],"tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"intvolume":"         1","volume":1,"date_created":"2021-02-12T10:41:28Z","article_type":"original","day":"23","author":[{"last_name":"Hease","full_name":"Hease, William J","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","first_name":"William J"},{"id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860","first_name":"Alfredo R"},{"first_name":"Rishabh","orcid":"0000-0001-6264-2162","full_name":"Sahu, Rishabh","id":"47D26E34-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Sahu"},{"full_name":"Wulf, Matthias","id":"45598606-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Wulf","orcid":"0000-0001-6613-1378","first_name":"Matthias"},{"first_name":"Georg M","orcid":"0000-0003-1397-7876","id":"3770C838-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Arnold, Georg M","last_name":"Arnold"},{"first_name":"Harald G.L.","last_name":"Schwefel","full_name":"Schwefel, Harald G.L."},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M"}],"title":"Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state","oa_version":"Published Version","citation":{"ama":"Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Sahu R, et al. Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state. <i>PRX Quantum</i>. 2020;1(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315\">10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315</a>","ieee":"W. J. Hease <i>et al.</i>, “Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state,” <i>PRX Quantum</i>, vol. 1, no. 2. American Physical Society, 2020.","short":"W.J. Hease, A.R. Rueda Sanchez, R. Sahu, M. Wulf, G.M. Arnold, H.G.L. Schwefel, J.M. Fink, PRX Quantum 1 (2020).","ista":"Hease WJ, Rueda Sanchez AR, Sahu R, Wulf M, Arnold GM, Schwefel HGL, Fink JM. 2020. Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state. PRX Quantum. 1(2), 020315.","chicago":"Hease, William J, Alfredo R Rueda Sanchez, Rishabh Sahu, Matthias Wulf, Georg M Arnold, Harald G.L. Schwefel, and Johannes M Fink. “Bidirectional Electro-Optic Wavelength Conversion in the Quantum Ground State.” <i>PRX Quantum</i>. American Physical Society, 2020. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315\">https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315</a>.","apa":"Hease, W. J., Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Sahu, R., Wulf, M., Arnold, G. M., Schwefel, H. G. L., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2020). Bidirectional electro-optic wavelength conversion in the quantum ground state. <i>PRX Quantum</i>. American Physical Society. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315\">https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315</a>","mla":"Hease, William J., et al. “Bidirectional Electro-Optic Wavelength Conversion in the Quantum Ground State.” <i>PRX Quantum</i>, vol. 1, no. 2, 020315, American Physical Society, 2020, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315\">10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315</a>."},"issue":"2","user_id":"4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8","oa":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"file":[{"creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2021-02-12T11:16:16Z","date_created":"2021-02-12T11:16:16Z","file_size":2146924,"file_id":"9115","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access","file_name":"2020_PRXQuantum_Hease.pdf","success":1,"checksum":"b70b12ded6d7660d4c9037eb09bfed0c","relation":"main_file"}],"article_number":"020315","month":"11","quality_controlled":"1","ddc":["530"],"_id":"9114","date_updated":"2024-10-29T09:11:05Z","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1103/prxquantum.1.020315","publisher":"American Physical Society","ec_funded":1,"acknowledgement":"The authors acknowledge the support of T. Menner, A. Arslani, and T. Asenov from the Miba machine shop for machining the microwave cavity, and thank S. Barzanjeh, F. Sedlmeir, and C. Marquardt for fruitful discussions. This work is supported by IST Austria and the European Research Council under Grant No. 758053 (ERC StG QUNNECT). W.H. is the recipient of an ISTplus postdoctoral fellowship with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant No. 754411.\r\nG.A. is the recipient of a DOC fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at IST Austria. J.M.F. acknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through BeyondC (F71) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant No. 899354 (FET Open SuperQuLAN). H.G.L.S. acknowledges support from the Aotearoa/New Zealand’s MBIE Endeavour Smart Ideas Grant No UOOX1805.","date_published":"2020-11-23T00:00:00Z","publication":"PRX Quantum","status":"public","project":[{"name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"758053","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships","grant_number":"754411","_id":"260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"_id":"9B868D20-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Quantum Local Area Networks with Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"899354"},{"_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits","grant_number":"F07105"},{"_id":"2671EB66-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","name":"Coherent on-chip conversion of superconducting qubit signals from microwaves to optical frequencies"}],"year":"2020","isi":1,"related_material":{"record":[{"id":"13071","status":"public","relation":"research_data"},{"status":"public","relation":"dissertation_contains","id":"12900"},{"relation":"dissertation_contains","status":"public","id":"13175"}],"link":[{"description":"News on IST Homepage","url":"https://ist.ac.at/en/news/how-to-transport-microwave-quantum-information-via-optical-fiber/","relation":"press_release"}]},"external_id":{"isi":["000674680100001"]}},{"quality_controlled":"1","ddc":["530"],"type":"journal_article","_id":"7156","date_updated":"2024-08-07T07:11:55Z","publisher":"Springer Nature","article_processing_charge":"No","doi":"10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5","date_published":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","ec_funded":1,"status":"public","publication":"npj Quantum Information","project":[{"_id":"26336814-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425","call_identifier":"H2020","name":"A Fiber Optic Transceiver for Superconducting Qubits","grant_number":"758053"},{"grant_number":"707438","name":"Microwave-to-Optical Quantum Link: Quantum Teleportation and Quantum Illumination with cavity Optomechanics SUPEREOM","call_identifier":"H2020","_id":"258047B6-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"call_identifier":"H2020","name":"Hybrid Optomechanical Technologies","grant_number":"732894","_id":"257EB838-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"},{"call_identifier":"FWF","name":"Integrating superconducting quantum circuits","grant_number":"F07105","_id":"26927A52-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425"}],"external_id":{"isi":["000502996200003"],"arxiv":["1909.01470"]},"isi":1,"year":"2019","file_date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:50Z","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2056-6387"]},"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"         5","tmp":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)","legal_code_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","image":"/images/cc_by.png","short":"CC BY (4.0)"},"abstract":[{"text":"We propose an efficient microwave-photonic modulator as a resource for stationary entangled microwave-optical fields and develop the theory for deterministic entanglement generation and quantum state transfer in multi-resonant electro-optic systems. The device is based on a single crystal whispering gallery mode resonator integrated into a 3D-microwave cavity. The specific design relies on a new combination of thin-film technology and conventional machining that is optimized for the lowest dissipation rates in the microwave, optical, and mechanical domains. We extract important device properties from finite-element simulations and predict continuous variable entanglement generation rates on the order of a Mebit/s for optical pump powers of only a few tens of microwatts. We compare the quantum state transfer fidelities of coherent, squeezed, and non-Gaussian cat states for both teleportation and direct conversion protocols under realistic conditions. Combining the unique capabilities of circuit quantum electrodynamics with the resilience of fiber optic communication could facilitate long-distance solid-state qubit networks, new methods for quantum signal synthesis, quantum key distribution, and quantum enhanced detection, as well as more power-efficient classical sensing and modulation.","lang":"eng"}],"has_accepted_license":"1","date_created":"2019-12-09T08:18:56Z","article_type":"original","volume":5,"title":"Electro-optic entanglement source for microwave to telecom quantum state transfer","oa_version":"Published Version","day":"01","scopus_import":"1","author":[{"id":"3B82B0F8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","full_name":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R","last_name":"Rueda Sanchez","first_name":"Alfredo R","orcid":"0000-0001-6249-5860"},{"first_name":"William J","orcid":"0000-0001-9868-2166","last_name":"Hease","full_name":"Hease, William J","id":"29705398-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-0415-1423","first_name":"Shabir","last_name":"Barzanjeh","full_name":"Barzanjeh, Shabir","id":"2D25E1F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-8112-028X","first_name":"Johannes M","last_name":"Fink","full_name":"Fink, Johannes M","id":"4B591CBA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"}],"user_id":"c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1","citation":{"apa":"Rueda Sanchez, A. R., Hease, W. J., Barzanjeh, S., &#38; Fink, J. M. (2019). Electro-optic entanglement source for microwave to telecom quantum state transfer. <i>Npj Quantum Information</i>. Springer Nature. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5</a>","mla":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R., et al. “Electro-Optic Entanglement Source for Microwave to Telecom Quantum State Transfer.” <i>Npj Quantum Information</i>, vol. 5, 108, Springer Nature, 2019, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5\">10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5</a>.","ista":"Rueda Sanchez AR, Hease WJ, Barzanjeh S, Fink JM. 2019. Electro-optic entanglement source for microwave to telecom quantum state transfer. npj Quantum Information. 5, 108.","chicago":"Rueda Sanchez, Alfredo R, William J Hease, Shabir Barzanjeh, and Johannes M Fink. “Electro-Optic Entanglement Source for Microwave to Telecom Quantum State Transfer.” <i>Npj Quantum Information</i>. Springer Nature, 2019. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5</a>.","ieee":"A. R. Rueda Sanchez, W. J. Hease, S. Barzanjeh, and J. M. Fink, “Electro-optic entanglement source for microwave to telecom quantum state transfer,” <i>npj Quantum Information</i>, vol. 5. Springer Nature, 2019.","short":"A.R. Rueda Sanchez, W.J. Hease, S. Barzanjeh, J.M. Fink, Npj Quantum Information 5 (2019).","ama":"Rueda Sanchez AR, Hease WJ, Barzanjeh S, Fink JM. Electro-optic entanglement source for microwave to telecom quantum state transfer. <i>npj Quantum Information</i>. 2019;5. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5\">10.1038/s41534-019-0220-5</a>"},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"oa":1,"article_number":"108","file":[{"file_id":"7157","file_size":1580132,"date_created":"2019-12-09T08:25:06Z","creator":"dernst","date_updated":"2020-07-14T12:47:50Z","relation":"main_file","checksum":"13e0ea1d4f9b5f5710780d9473364f58","file_name":"2019_NPJ_Rueda.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","access_level":"open_access"}],"department":[{"_id":"JoFi"}],"arxiv":1,"month":"12"}]