---
_id: '12172'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In industrial reactors and equipment, non-ideality is quite a common phenomenon
    rather than an exception. These deviations from ideality impact the process's
    overall efficiency and the effectiveness of the equipment. To recognize the associated
    non-ideality, one needs to have enough understanding of the formulation of the
    equations and in-depth knowledge of the residence time distribution (RTD) data
    of real reactors. In the current work, step input and pulse input were used to
    create RTD data for Cascade continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). For the
    aforementioned configuration, experiments were run at various flow rates to validate
    the developed characteristic equations. To produce RTD data, distilled water was
    utilized as the flowing fluid, and NaOH was the tracer substance. The ideal behavior
    of tracer concentration exits age distribution, and cumulative fraction for each
    setup and each input was plotted and experimental results were compared with perfect
    behavior. Deviation of concentration exit age distribution and cumulative fractional
    distribution from ideal behavior is more in pulse input as compared to a step
    input. For ideal cases, the exit age distribution curve and cumulative fraction
    curves are independent of the type of input. But a significant difference was
    observed for the two cases, which may be due to non-measurable fluctuations in
    volumetric flow rate, non-achievement of instant injection of tracer in case of
    pulse input, and slight variations in the sampling period. Further, with increasing
    flow rate, concentration, exit age, and cumulative fractional curves shifted upward,
    and this behavior matches with the actual case.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Bushra
  full_name: Khatoon, Bushra
  last_name: Khatoon
- first_name: Shoaib
  full_name: Kamil, Shoaib
  id: 185a19af-dc7d-11ea-9b2f-8eb2201959e9
  last_name: Kamil
- first_name: Hitesh
  full_name: Babu, Hitesh
  last_name: Babu
- first_name: M.
  full_name: Siraj Alam, M.
  last_name: Siraj Alam
citation:
  ama: 'Khatoon B, Kamil S, Babu H, Siraj Alam M. Experimental analysis of Cascade
    CSTRs with step and pulse inputs. <i>Materials Today: Proceedings</i>. 2023;78(Part
    1):40-47. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.037">10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.037</a>'
  apa: 'Khatoon, B., Kamil, S., Babu, H., &#38; Siraj Alam, M. (2023). Experimental
    analysis of Cascade CSTRs with step and pulse inputs. <i>Materials Today: Proceedings</i>.
    Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.037">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.037</a>'
  chicago: 'Khatoon, Bushra, Shoaib Kamil, Hitesh Babu, and M. Siraj Alam. “Experimental
    Analysis of Cascade CSTRs with Step and Pulse Inputs.” <i>Materials Today: Proceedings</i>.
    Elsevier, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.037">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.037</a>.'
  ieee: 'B. Khatoon, S. Kamil, H. Babu, and M. Siraj Alam, “Experimental analysis
    of Cascade CSTRs with step and pulse inputs,” <i>Materials Today: Proceedings</i>,
    vol. 78, no. Part 1. Elsevier, pp. 40–47, 2023.'
  ista: 'Khatoon B, Kamil S, Babu H, Siraj Alam M. 2023. Experimental analysis of
    Cascade CSTRs with step and pulse inputs. Materials Today: Proceedings. 78(Part
    1), 40–47.'
  mla: 'Khatoon, Bushra, et al. “Experimental Analysis of Cascade CSTRs with Step
    and Pulse Inputs.” <i>Materials Today: Proceedings</i>, vol. 78, no. Part 1, Elsevier,
    2023, pp. 40–47, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.037">10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.037</a>.'
  short: 'B. Khatoon, S. Kamil, H. Babu, M. Siraj Alam, Materials Today: Proceedings
    78 (2023) 40–47.'
date_created: 2023-01-12T12:11:26Z
date_published: 2023-03-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-16T09:08:11Z
day: '20'
department:
- _id: BjHo
doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.037
intvolume: '        78'
issue: Part 1
keyword:
- General Medicine
language:
- iso: eng
month: '03'
oa_version: None
page: 40-47
publication: 'Materials Today: Proceedings'
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2214-7853
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Experimental analysis of Cascade CSTRs with step and pulse inputs
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 78
year: '2023'
...