---
_id: '4589'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "The theory of the natural numbers with linear order and monadic predicates
    underlies propositional linear temporal logic. To study temporal logics that are
    suitable for reasoning about real-time systems, we combine this classical theory
    of infinite state sequences with a theory of discrete time, via a monotonic function
    that maps every state to its time. The resulting theory of timed state sequences
    is shown to be decidable, albeit nonelementary, and its expressive power is characterized
    by ω-regular sets. Several more expressive variants are proved to be highly undecidable.
    This framework allows us to classify a wide variety of real-time logics according
    to their complexity and expressiveness. Indeed, it follows that most formalisms
    proposed in the literature cannot be decided. We are, however, able to identify
    two elementary real-time temporal logics as expressively complete fragments of
    the theory of timed state sequences, and we present tableau-based decision procedures
    for checking validity. Consequently, these two formalisms are well-suited for
    the specification and verification of real-time systems.\r\n\r\nCopyright © 1993
    Academic Press. All rights reserved."
acknowledgement: We thank David Dill, Zohar Manna, and Amir Pnueli for helpful discussion.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Rajeev
  full_name: Alur, Rajeev
  last_name: Alur
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
citation:
  ama: 'Alur R, Henzinger TA. Real-time logics: Complexity and expressiveness. <i>Information
    and Computation</i>. 1993;104(1):35-77. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1993.1025">10.1006/inco.1993.1025</a>'
  apa: 'Alur, R., &#38; Henzinger, T. A. (1993). Real-time logics: Complexity and
    expressiveness. <i>Information and Computation</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1993.1025">https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1993.1025</a>'
  chicago: 'Alur, Rajeev, and Thomas A Henzinger. “Real-Time Logics: Complexity and
    Expressiveness.” <i>Information and Computation</i>. Elsevier, 1993. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1993.1025">https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1993.1025</a>.'
  ieee: 'R. Alur and T. A. Henzinger, “Real-time logics: Complexity and expressiveness,”
    <i>Information and Computation</i>, vol. 104, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 35–77, 1993.'
  ista: 'Alur R, Henzinger TA. 1993. Real-time logics: Complexity and expressiveness.
    Information and Computation. 104(1), 35–77.'
  mla: 'Alur, Rajeev, and Thomas A. Henzinger. “Real-Time Logics: Complexity and Expressiveness.”
    <i>Information and Computation</i>, vol. 104, no. 1, Elsevier, 1993, pp. 35–77,
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1993.1025">10.1006/inco.1993.1025</a>.'
  short: R. Alur, T.A. Henzinger, Information and Computation 104 (1993) 35–77.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:38Z
date_published: 1993-05-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-23T13:08:27Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1006/inco.1993.1025
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       104'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890540183710254?via%3Dihub
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 35 - 77
publication: Information and Computation
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 0890-5401
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '116'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Real-time logics: Complexity and expressiveness'
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 104
year: '1993'
...
---
_id: '3474'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 1. Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were recorded in CA3 pyramidal
    cells of hippocampal slices of 15- to 24-day-old rats (22 degrees C) using the
    whole-cell configuration of the patch clamp technique. 2. Composite EPSCs were
    evoked by extracellular stimulation of the mossy fibre tract. Using the selective
    blockers 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic
    acid (APV), a major alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA)/kainate
    receptor-mediated component and a minor NMDA receptor-mediated component with
    slower time course were distinguished. For the AMPA/kainate receptor-mediated
    component, the peak current-voltage (I-V) relation was linear, with a reversal
    potential close to 0 mV. The half-maximal blocking concentration of CNQX was 353
    nM. 3. Unitary EPSCs of the mossy fibre terminal (MF)-CA3 pyramidal cell synapse
    were evoked at membrane potentials of -70 to -90 mV by low-intensity extracellular
    stimulation of granule cell somata using fine-tipped pipettes. The EPSC peak amplitude
    as a function of stimulus intensity showed all-or-none behaviour. The region of
    low threshold was restricted to a few micrometres. This suggests that extracellular
    stimulation was focal, and that the stimulus-evoked EPSCs were unitary. 4. Latency
    and rise time histograms of EPSCs evoked by granule cell stimulation showed narrow
    unimodal distributions within each experiment. The mean latency was 4.2 +/- 1.0
    ms, and the mean 20-80% rise time was 0.6 +/- 0.1 ms (23 cells). When fitted within
    the range 0.7 ms to 20 ms after the peak, the decay of the EPSCs with the fastest
    rise (rise time 0.5 ms or less) could be described by a single exponential function;
    the mean time constant was in the range 3.0-6.6 ms with a mean of 4.8 ms (8 cells).
    5. Peak amplitudes of the EPSCs evoked by suprathreshold granule cell stimulation
    fluctuated between trials. The apparent EPSC peak conductance in normal extracellular
    solution (2 mM Ca2+, 1 mM Mg2+), excluding failures, was 1 nS. Reducing the Ca2+
    concentration and increasing the Mg2+ concentration reduced the mean peak amplitude
    in a concentration-dependent manner. 6. Peaks in EPSC peak amplitude distributions
    were apparent in low Ca2+ and high Mg2+. Using the criteria of equidistance and
    the presence of peaks and dips in the autocorrelation function, five of nine EPSC
    peak amplitude distributions were judged to be quantal.
acknowledgement: "We are indebted to Professor B. Katz for critically reading the
  manuscript and for helpful suggestions. We especially thank Professor D. Colquhoun
  for several discussions, for generously providing the source codes of programs for
  maximum-likelihood fit with sums of Gaussian functions, a routine for calculating
  the error function and for critically reading the manuscript. We also thank Drs
  A. Larkman, P. Ruppersberg, N. Spuston and G. Stuart for critically reading the
  manuscript, P. Andersen, B. Betz, J. Evans, K. Harris, E. v. Kitzing, R. Rahamimov
  and K. Stratford for helpful discussions, and J. J. B. Jack for much-needed advice
  and guidance to G.M. We thank K. Bauer, F. Helmchen, M. Huke, B. Manz and especially
  A. Roth for computer programming, B. Werner for typing the manuscript, and M. Kaiser
  for excellent technical assistance. Part of the project was supported by the Deutsche
  Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB-317)\r\nand the Wellcome Trust."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Peter M
  full_name: Jonas, Peter M
  id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jonas
  orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804
- first_name: Guy
  full_name: Major, Guy
  last_name: Major
- first_name: Bert
  full_name: Sakmann, Bert
  last_name: Sakmann
citation:
  ama: Jonas PM, Major G, Sakmann B. Quantal components of unitary EPSCs at the mossy
    fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus. <i>Journal of Physiology</i>.
    1993;472:615-663. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965">10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965</a>
  apa: Jonas, P. M., Major, G., &#38; Sakmann, B. (1993). Quantal components of unitary
    EPSCs at the mossy fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus. <i>Journal
    of Physiology</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965">https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965</a>
  chicago: Jonas, Peter M, Guy Major, and Bert Sakmann. “Quantal Components of Unitary
    EPSCs at the Mossy Fibre Synapse on CA3 Pyramidal Cells of Rat Hippocampus.” <i>Journal
    of Physiology</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 1993. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965">https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965</a>.
  ieee: P. M. Jonas, G. Major, and B. Sakmann, “Quantal components of unitary EPSCs
    at the mossy fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus,” <i>Journal
    of Physiology</i>, vol. 472. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 615–663, 1993.
  ista: Jonas PM, Major G, Sakmann B. 1993. Quantal components of unitary EPSCs at
    the mossy fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus. Journal of
    Physiology. 472, 615–663.
  mla: Jonas, Peter M., et al. “Quantal Components of Unitary EPSCs at the Mossy Fibre
    Synapse on CA3 Pyramidal Cells of Rat Hippocampus.” <i>Journal of Physiology</i>,
    vol. 472, Wiley-Blackwell, 1993, pp. 615–63, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965">10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965</a>.
  short: P.M. Jonas, G. Major, B. Sakmann, Journal of Physiology 472 (1993) 615–663.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:31Z
date_published: 1993-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-30T09:33:19Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019965
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '7908327'
intvolume: '       472'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1160505
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 615 - 663
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Physiology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0022-3751
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '2913'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Quantal components of unitary EPSCs at the mossy fibre synapse on CA3 pyramidal
  cells of rat hippocampus
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 472
year: '1993'
...
---
_id: '4177'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Thyroid hormones play an important role in brain development, but the mechanism(s)
    by which triiodothyronine (T3) mediates neuronal differentiation is poorly understood.
    Here we demonstrate that T3 regulates the neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3
    (NT-3), in developing rat cerebellar granule cells both in cell culture and in
    vivo. In situ hybridization experiments showed that developing Purkinje cells
    do not express NT-3 mRNA but do express trkC, the putative neuronal receptor for
    NT-3. Addition of recombinant NT-3 to cerebellar cultures from embryonic rat brain
    induces hypertrophy and neurite sprouting of Purkinje cells, and upregulates the
    mRNA encoding the calcium-binding protein, calbindin-28 kD. The present study
    demonstrates a novel interaction between cerebellar granule neurons and developing
    Purkinje cells in which NT-3 induced by T3 in the granule cells promotes Purkinje
    cell differentiation.
acknowledgement: "E. Castrtn is an Alexander von Humboldt fellow. M. Berzaghi is supported
  by a scholarship from CNPQ, Brasil. L. F. Parada, P. Tsoulfas, and L. Tesarollo
  were supported by a National Institutes of Health grant. We thank D. Stratmann and
  K. Angermeyer for skillful technical assistance; I. Hajjar for secretarial work
  and Dr. R. G~rtner for help with\r\ninducing hypothyroidism; Dr. W. Hunzieker for
  the calbindin-28 kD eDNA; Dr. M. Fishman for the GAP-43 eDNA; and Dr. Y.-A. Barde
  for critical comments."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Dan
  full_name: Lindholm, Dan
  last_name: Lindholm
- first_name: Eero
  full_name: Castrén, Eero
  last_name: Castrén
- first_name: Pantelis
  full_name: Tsoulfas, Pantelis
  last_name: Tsoulfas
- first_name: Roland
  full_name: Kolbeck, Roland
  last_name: Kolbeck
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Berzaghi, Maria
  last_name: Berzaghi
- first_name: Axel
  full_name: Leingärtner, Axel
  last_name: Leingärtner
- first_name: Carl-Philipp J
  full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J
  id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Heisenberg
  orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566
- first_name: Lino
  full_name: Tesarollo, Lino
  last_name: Tesarollo
- first_name: Luis
  full_name: Parada, Luis
  last_name: Parada
- first_name: Hans
  full_name: Thoenen, Hans
  last_name: Thoenen
citation:
  ama: Lindholm D, Castrén E, Tsoulfas P, et al. Neurotrophin-3 induced by tri-iodothyronine
    in cerebellar granule cells promotes Purkinje cell differentiation. <i>Journal
    of Cell Biology</i>. 1993;122(2):443-450. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.122.2.443">10.1083/jcb.122.2.443</a>
  apa: Lindholm, D., Castrén, E., Tsoulfas, P., Kolbeck, R., Berzaghi, M., Leingärtner,
    A., … Thoenen, H. (1993). Neurotrophin-3 induced by tri-iodothyronine in cerebellar
    granule cells promotes Purkinje cell differentiation. <i>Journal of Cell Biology</i>.
    Rockefeller University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.122.2.443">https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.122.2.443</a>
  chicago: Lindholm, Dan, Eero Castrén, Pantelis Tsoulfas, Roland Kolbeck, Maria Berzaghi,
    Axel Leingärtner, Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg, Lino Tesarollo, Luis Parada, and
    Hans Thoenen. “Neurotrophin-3 Induced by Tri-Iodothyronine in Cerebellar Granule
    Cells Promotes Purkinje Cell Differentiation.” <i>Journal of Cell Biology</i>.
    Rockefeller University Press, 1993. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.122.2.443">https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.122.2.443</a>.
  ieee: D. Lindholm <i>et al.</i>, “Neurotrophin-3 induced by tri-iodothyronine in
    cerebellar granule cells promotes Purkinje cell differentiation,” <i>Journal of
    Cell Biology</i>, vol. 122, no. 2. Rockefeller University Press, pp. 443–450,
    1993.
  ista: Lindholm D, Castrén E, Tsoulfas P, Kolbeck R, Berzaghi M, Leingärtner A, Heisenberg
    C-PJ, Tesarollo L, Parada L, Thoenen H. 1993. Neurotrophin-3 induced by tri-iodothyronine
    in cerebellar granule cells promotes Purkinje cell differentiation. Journal of
    Cell Biology. 122(2), 443–450.
  mla: Lindholm, Dan, et al. “Neurotrophin-3 Induced by Tri-Iodothyronine in Cerebellar
    Granule Cells Promotes Purkinje Cell Differentiation.” <i>Journal of Cell Biology</i>,
    vol. 122, no. 2, Rockefeller University Press, 1993, pp. 443–50, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.122.2.443">10.1083/jcb.122.2.443</a>.
  short: D. Lindholm, E. Castrén, P. Tsoulfas, R. Kolbeck, M. Berzaghi, A. Leingärtner,
    C.-P.J. Heisenberg, L. Tesarollo, L. Parada, H. Thoenen, Journal of Cell Biology
    122 (1993) 443–450.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:25Z
date_published: 1993-07-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-24T12:59:20Z
day: '15'
doi: 10.1083/jcb.122.2.443
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '8320266'
intvolume: '       122'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2119654/
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: None
page: 443 - 450
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Cell Biology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0021-9525
publication_status: published
publisher: Rockefeller University Press
publist_id: '1942'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Neurotrophin-3 induced by tri-iodothyronine in cerebellar granule cells promotes
  Purkinje cell differentiation
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 122
year: '1993'
...
---
_id: '4303'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: In a stably subdivided population with symmetric migration, the chance that
    a favoured allele will be fixed is independent of population structure. However,
    random extinction introduces an extra component of sampling drift, and reduces
    the probability of fixation. In this paper, the fixation probability is calculated
    using the diffusion approximation; comparison with exact solution of the discrete
    model shows this to be accurate. The key parameters are the rates of selection,
    migration and extinction, scaled relative to population size (S = 4Ns, M = 4Nm,
    Λ = 4Nλ); results apply to a haploid model, or to diploids with additive selection.
    If new colonies derive from many demes, the fixation probability cannot be reduced
    by more than half. However, if colonies are initially homogeneous, fixation probability
    can be much reduced. In the limit of low migration and extinction rates (M, Λ
    1), it is 2s/{1 + (Λ/MS)(1 −exp(−S))}, whilst in the opposite limit (S  1), it
    is 4sM/{Λ(Λ + M)}. In the limit of weak selection (M, Λ  1), it is 4sM/{Λ(Λ +
    M)}. These factors are not the same as the reduction in effective population size
    (Ne/N), showing that the effects of population structure on selected alleles cannot
    be understood from the behaviour of neutral markers.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by grants from the SERC (GR/H/09928) and
  NERC (GR/3/8002), and by the Darwin Trust of Edinburgh. Thanks are due to B. Nürnberger
  for convincing me that population structure does reduce fixation probability, to
  M. Whitlock for discussions on calculations of effective population size, and to
  W. G. Hill, P. Keightley and the anonymous referees for their comments.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
citation:
  ama: Barton NH. The probability of fixation of a favoured allele in a subdivided
    population. <i>Genetics Research</i>. 1993;62(2):149-158. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300031748">10.1017/S0016672300031748</a>
  apa: Barton, N. H. (1993). The probability of fixation of a favoured allele in a
    subdivided population. <i>Genetics Research</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300031748">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300031748</a>
  chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “The Probability of Fixation of a Favoured Allele in
    a Subdivided Population.” <i>Genetics Research</i>. Cambridge University Press,
    1993. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300031748">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300031748</a>.
  ieee: N. H. Barton, “The probability of fixation of a favoured allele in a subdivided
    population,” <i>Genetics Research</i>, vol. 62, no. 2. Cambridge University Press,
    pp. 149–158, 1993.
  ista: Barton NH. 1993. The probability of fixation of a favoured allele in a subdivided
    population. Genetics Research. 62(2), 149–158.
  mla: Barton, Nicholas H. “The Probability of Fixation of a Favoured Allele in a
    Subdivided Population.” <i>Genetics Research</i>, vol. 62, no. 2, Cambridge University
    Press, 1993, pp. 149–58, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016672300031748">10.1017/S0016672300031748</a>.
  short: N.H. Barton, Genetics Research 62 (1993) 149–158.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:09Z
date_published: 1993-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-23T15:41:32Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1017/S0016672300031748
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        62'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/genetics-research/article/probability-of-fixation-of-a-favoured-allele-in-a-subdivided-population/3257B4AEC7044AFE40436C2DC15FBC4C#article
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: None
page: 149 - 158
publication: Genetics Research
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0016-6723
publication_status: published
publisher: Cambridge University Press
publist_id: '1762'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The probability of fixation of a favoured allele in a subdivided population
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 62
year: '1993'
...
---
_id: '2533'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: A cDNA clone for a new metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR5, was isolated
    through polymerase chain reaction-mediated DNA amplification by using primer sequences
    conserved among the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) family and by the
    subsequent screening of a rat brain cDNA library. The cloned receptor consists
    of 1171 amino acid residues and exhibits a structural architecture common to the
    mGluR family, possessing a large extracellular domain preceding the seven putative
    membrane-spanning segments. mGluR5 shows the highest sequence similarity to mGluR1
    among the mGluR members and is coupled to the stimulation of phosphatidylinositol
    hydrolysis/ Ca2+ signal transduction in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected
    with the cloned cDNA. This receptor also resembles mGluR1 in its agonist selectivity
    and antagonist responses; the potency rank order of agonists for mGluR5 was determined
    to be quisqualate &gt; L-glutamate ≥ ibotenate &gt; trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylate.
    Blot and in situ hybridization analyses indicated that mGluR5 mRNA is widely distributed
    in neuronal cells of the central nervous system and is expressed differently from
    mGluR1 mRNA in many brain regions. This investigation thus demonstrates that there
    is an additional mGluR subtype which closely resembles mGluR1 in its signal transduction
    and pharmacological properties and is expressed in specialized neuronal cells
    in the central nervous system.
acknowledgement: We are grateful to Seiji Ito for help of Ca2+ measurements and Akira
  Uesugi for photographic assistance.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Takaaki
  full_name: Abe, Takaaki
  last_name: Abe
- first_name: Hidemitsu
  full_name: Sugihara, Hidemitsu
  last_name: Sugihara
- first_name: Hiroyuki
  full_name: Nawa, Hiroyuki
  last_name: Nawa
- first_name: Ryuichi
  full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi
  id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Shigemoto
  orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
- first_name: Noboru
  full_name: Mizuno, Noboru
  last_name: Mizuno
- first_name: Shigetada
  full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada
  last_name: Nakanishi
citation:
  ama: Abe T, Sugihara H, Nawa H, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S. Molecular characterization
    of a novel metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5 coupled to inositol phosphate/Ca2+
    signal transduction. <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. 1992;267(19):13361-13368.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42219-3">10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42219-3</a>
  apa: Abe, T., Sugihara, H., Nawa, H., Shigemoto, R., Mizuno, N., &#38; Nakanishi,
    S. (1992). Molecular characterization of a novel metabotropic glutamate receptor
    mGluR5 coupled to inositol phosphate/Ca2+ signal transduction. <i>Journal of Biological
    Chemistry</i>. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42219-3">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42219-3</a>
  chicago: Abe, Takaaki, Hidemitsu Sugihara, Hiroyuki Nawa, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Noboru
    Mizuno, and Shigetada Nakanishi. “Molecular Characterization of a Novel Metabotropic
    Glutamate Receptor MGluR5 Coupled to Inositol Phosphate/Ca2+ Signal Transduction.”
    <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. American Society for Biochemistry and
    Molecular Biology, 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42219-3">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42219-3</a>.
  ieee: T. Abe, H. Sugihara, H. Nawa, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, and S. Nakanishi, “Molecular
    characterization of a novel metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5 coupled to
    inositol phosphate/Ca2+ signal transduction,” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>,
    vol. 267, no. 19. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, pp.
    13361–13368, 1992.
  ista: Abe T, Sugihara H, Nawa H, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S. 1992. Molecular
    characterization of a novel metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5 coupled to
    inositol phosphate/Ca2+ signal transduction. Journal of Biological Chemistry.
    267(19), 13361–13368.
  mla: Abe, Takaaki, et al. “Molecular Characterization of a Novel Metabotropic Glutamate
    Receptor MGluR5 Coupled to Inositol Phosphate/Ca2+ Signal Transduction.” <i>Journal
    of Biological Chemistry</i>, vol. 267, no. 19, American Society for Biochemistry
    and Molecular Biology, 1992, pp. 13361–68, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42219-3">10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42219-3</a>.
  short: T. Abe, H. Sugihara, H. Nawa, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, S. Nakanishi, Journal
    of Biological Chemistry 267 (1992) 13361–13368.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:14Z
date_published: 1992-07-05T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-17T15:08:29Z
day: '05'
doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42219-3
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '1320017'
intvolume: '       267'
issue: '19'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021925818422193
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 13361 - 13368
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Biological Chemistry
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0021-9258
publication_status: published
publisher: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
publist_id: '4366'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Molecular characterization of a novel metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5
  coupled to inositol phosphate/Ca2+ signal transduction
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 267
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '2535'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We report the molecular characterization of two novel rat helix-loop-helix
    (HLH) proteins, designated HES-1 and HES-3, that show structural homology to the
    Drosophila hairy and Enhancer of split [E(spl)] proteins, both of which are required
    for normal neurogenesis. HES-1 mRNA, expressed in various tissues of both embryos
    and adults, is present at a high level in the epithelial cells, including the
    embryonal neuroepithelial cells, as well as in the mesoderm-derived tissues such
    as the embryonal muscle. In contrast, HES-3 mRNA is produced exclusively in cerebellar
    Purkinje cells. HES-1 represses transcription by binding to the N box, which is
    a recognition sequence of E(spl) proteins. Interestingly, neither HES-1 nor HES-3
    alone interacts efficiently with the E box, but each protein decreases the transcription
    induced by E-box-binding HLH activators such as E47. Furthermore, HES-1 also inhibits
    the functions of MyoD and MASH1 and effectively diminishes the myogenic conversion
    of C3H10T1/2 cells induced by MyoD. These results suggest that HES-1 may play
    an important role in mammalian development by negatively acting on the two different
    sequences while HES-3 acts as a repressor in a specific type of neurons.
acknowledgement: "We thank Professor Noboru Mizuno for his kind help with in situ
  hybridization experiments, Akira Uesugi and Dr. Chihiro\r\nAkazawa for photographic
  assistance, Drs. Elizabeth Knust and Jose A. Campos-Ortega for communicating their
  unpublished results, Dr. Shinji Fushiki for useful discussion, Dr. Mikio Nishizawa
  and Professor Shigekazu Nagata for pMNT, Dr. David Baltimore for the E47 expression
  vector, Drs. Yoichiro Nabeshima and Atsuko Fujisawa for the MyoD expression vector
  and the reporter plasmid with the MCK enhancer, and Dr. Makoto Ishibashi for his
  help in isolating the human E47 eDNA clone. This work was supported in part by research
  grants from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan. The publication
  costs of this article were defrayed in part by payment of page charges. This article
  must therefore be hereby marked \"advertisement\" in accordance with 18 USC section
  1734 solely to indicate this fact. \r\n"
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Yoshiki
  full_name: Sasai, Yoshiki
  last_name: Sasai
- first_name: Ryoichiro
  full_name: Kageyama, Ryoichiro
  last_name: Kageyama
- first_name: Yoshiaki
  full_name: Tagawa, Yoshiaki
  last_name: Tagawa
- first_name: Ryuichi
  full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi
  id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Shigemoto
  orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
- first_name: Shigetada
  full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada
  last_name: Nakanishi
citation:
  ama: Sasai Y, Kageyama R, Tagawa Y, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S. Two mammalian helix-loop-helix
    factors structurally related to Drosophila hairy and Enhancer of split. <i>Genes
    and Development</i>. 1992;6(12 B):2620-2634. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.6.12b.2620">10.1101/gad.6.12b.2620</a>
  apa: Sasai, Y., Kageyama, R., Tagawa, Y., Shigemoto, R., &#38; Nakanishi, S. (1992).
    Two mammalian helix-loop-helix factors structurally related to Drosophila hairy
    and Enhancer of split. <i>Genes and Development</i>. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.6.12b.2620">https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.6.12b.2620</a>
  chicago: Sasai, Yoshiki, Ryoichiro Kageyama, Yoshiaki Tagawa, Ryuichi Shigemoto,
    and Shigetada Nakanishi. “Two Mammalian Helix-Loop-Helix Factors Structurally
    Related to Drosophila Hairy and Enhancer of Split.” <i>Genes and Development</i>.
    Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.6.12b.2620">https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.6.12b.2620</a>.
  ieee: Y. Sasai, R. Kageyama, Y. Tagawa, R. Shigemoto, and S. Nakanishi, “Two mammalian
    helix-loop-helix factors structurally related to Drosophila hairy and Enhancer
    of split,” <i>Genes and Development</i>, vol. 6, no. 12 B. Cold Spring Harbor
    Laboratory Press, pp. 2620–2634, 1992.
  ista: Sasai Y, Kageyama R, Tagawa Y, Shigemoto R, Nakanishi S. 1992. Two mammalian
    helix-loop-helix factors structurally related to Drosophila hairy and Enhancer
    of split. Genes and Development. 6(12 B), 2620–2634.
  mla: Sasai, Yoshiki, et al. “Two Mammalian Helix-Loop-Helix Factors Structurally
    Related to Drosophila Hairy and Enhancer of Split.” <i>Genes and Development</i>,
    vol. 6, no. 12 B, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1992, pp. 2620–34, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.6.12b.2620">10.1101/gad.6.12b.2620</a>.
  short: Y. Sasai, R. Kageyama, Y. Tagawa, R. Shigemoto, S. Nakanishi, Genes and Development
    6 (1992) 2620–2634.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:15Z
date_published: 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-17T14:52:29Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1101/gad.6.12b.2620
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '1340473'
intvolume: '         6'
issue: 12 B
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/6/12b/2620
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 2620 - 2634
pmid: 1
publication: Genes and Development
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0890-9369
publication_status: published
publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
publist_id: '4364'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Two mammalian helix-loop-helix factors structurally related to Drosophila hairy
  and Enhancer of split
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 6
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '2722'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'A version of the one-dimensional Rayleigh gas is considered: a point particle
    of mass M (molecule), confined to the unit interval [0,1], is surrounded by an
    infinite ideal gas of point particles of mass 1 (atoms). The molecule interacts
    with the atoms and with the walls via elastic collision. Central limit theorems
    are proved for a wide class of additive functionals of this system (e.g. the number
    of collisions with the walls and the total length of the molecular path).'
acknowledgement: "The authors are very grateful to D. Szasz and A. Kramli for valuable
  discussions and their encouragement. We are also indebted to D. Dϋrr for his comments
  and suggestions.\r\n"
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: László
  full_name: Erdös, László
  id: 4DBD5372-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Erdös
  orcid: 0000-0001-5366-9603
- first_name: Dao
  full_name: Tuyen, Dao
  last_name: Tuyen
citation:
  ama: Erdös L, Tuyen D. Central limit theorems for the one-dimensional Rayleigh gas
    with semipermeable barriers. <i>Communications in Mathematical Physics</i>. 1992;143(3):451-466.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02099260">10.1007/BF02099260</a>
  apa: Erdös, L., &#38; Tuyen, D. (1992). Central limit theorems for the one-dimensional
    Rayleigh gas with semipermeable barriers. <i>Communications in Mathematical Physics</i>.
    Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02099260">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02099260</a>
  chicago: Erdös, László, and Dao Tuyen. “Central Limit Theorems for the One-Dimensional
    Rayleigh Gas with Semipermeable Barriers.” <i>Communications in Mathematical Physics</i>.
    Springer, 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02099260">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02099260</a>.
  ieee: L. Erdös and D. Tuyen, “Central limit theorems for the one-dimensional Rayleigh
    gas with semipermeable barriers,” <i>Communications in Mathematical Physics</i>,
    vol. 143, no. 3. Springer, pp. 451–466, 1992.
  ista: Erdös L, Tuyen D. 1992. Central limit theorems for the one-dimensional Rayleigh
    gas with semipermeable barriers. Communications in Mathematical Physics. 143(3),
    451–466.
  mla: Erdös, László, and Dao Tuyen. “Central Limit Theorems for the One-Dimensional
    Rayleigh Gas with Semipermeable Barriers.” <i>Communications in Mathematical Physics</i>,
    vol. 143, no. 3, Springer, 1992, pp. 451–66, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02099260">10.1007/BF02099260</a>.
  short: L. Erdös, D. Tuyen, Communications in Mathematical Physics 143 (1992) 451–466.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:59:15Z
date_published: 1992-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-16T14:24:12Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/BF02099260
extern: '1'
intvolume: '       143'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://projecteuclid.org/journals/communications-in-mathematical-physics/volume-143/issue-3/Central-limit-theorems-for-the-one-dimensional-Rayleigh-gas-with/cmp/1104249076.full
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 451 - 466
publication: Communications in Mathematical Physics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0010-3616
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '4170'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Central limit theorems for the one-dimensional Rayleigh gas with semipermeable
  barriers
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 143
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '3470'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Currents activated by glutamate receptor (GluR) agonists were recorded from
    outside-out patches isolated from the soma of visually identified pyramidal neurones
    of the (CA3 and CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices. α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic
    acid (AMPA). L-glutamate (L-Glu), and kainate (KA) were delivered either by bath
    application through perfusion of the recording chamber or by rapid application
    via a piezo-driven two-barrelled fast application system. 2. Bath application
    of each of the three agonists activated inward currents in all patches (n = 134)
    at holding potentials of -50 or -60 mV. The current amplitude increased in size
    between 3 to 30 μM-AMPA and 100 μM to 1 mM-KA. With this slow mode of bath application,
    the responses showed no apparent desensitization even at saturating concentrations
    of AMPA (30 μM) and KA (1 mM). 3. The ratio of currents activated by 30 μM-AMPA
    and 300 μM-KA showed a characteristic difference between CA3 and CA1 neurones.
    The ratio was 0.242 ± 0.028 (mean ± S.E.M., n = 16) for CA3 cell patches and 0.097
    ± 0.012 (n = 8) for CA1 cell patches indicating that GluRs in the two cell populations
    are different. 4. The steady-state current-voltage relations (I-Vs) for AMPA-
    and KA-activated currents showed pronounced outward rectification for both cell
    types (when the main cations are Na+ in the bath and Cs+ in the pipette solution).
    The current reversed close to 0 mV and the ratio of chord conductances 80 mV on
    either side of the reversal potential was 2.66 for KA-activated currents in CA3
    cell patches and 2.60 in CA1 cell patches. AMPA-activated currents showed a time-dependent
    increase after steps to positive membrane potentials and a decrease after steps
    to negative voltages, indicating that a gating process is responsible for outward
    rectification of the steady-state I-IV. 5. The permeability (P) of GluR channels
    was high for Na+ as compared to Cs+ for both cell types (P(Na)/P(Cs) = 0.88 and
    0.84). The permeability was low for N-methyl-D-glucamine+ (P(NMG)/P(Cs) ≤ 0.03)
    and Ca2+ (P(Ca)/P(Cs) ≤0.05). 6. The current noise level increased during application
    of AMPA or KA. Apparent single-channel conductances obtained from fluctuation
    analysis were higher for AMPA than for KA, but similar for both cell types. In
    CA3 cell patches, AMPA activated channels with an apparent chord conductance of
    7.2 pS, KA of 3.0 pS conductance. 7. Fast agonist application revealed desensitization
    of GluR channels which was dependent on the type of agonist, currents activated
    by AMPA and L-Glu rose rapidly to a peak and then desensitized to a steady-state
    current. In contrast, currents activated by fast application of KA rose to a plateau
    and did not desensitize. The steady state current expressed as a percentage of
    the peak current was higher for L-Glu than for AMPA and slightly higher for CA3
    than for CA1 cell patches. For CA3 cell patches, this fraction amounted to 6.2
    %, with 300 μM-L-Glu and 2.8%, with 300 μM-AMPA. For CA1 cell patches, corresponding
    values were 3.6 and 1.9 % 8. The dose response relations for the peak current
    activated by AMPA and L-Glu and the steady-state current activated by KA were
    similar for CA3 and CA1 cell patches. The order of potency was AMPA &gt; L-Glu
    ≃ KA for both cell types EC50 values 189, 342 and 344 μM for CA3 cell patches
    and 183, 424 and 474 μM for CA1 cell patches). In all cases, the Hill coefficients
    ranged between 12 and 1.7. 8. The rise of AMPA and L-Glu-activated currents became
    faster with increasing agonist concentration for both cell types. With L-Glu,
    rise times decreased from about 3 ms at 100 μM to 500 μs at 3 mM. The delay for
    agonist concentrations ≥ 300 μM was described by the sum of two exponential functions.
    The time constant of the predominant fast component was slightly concentration
    dependent and decreased from about 12 ms at 300 μM to 8 ms at 3 mM-L-Glu. 10.
    The current voltage relations of the peak currents activated by 300 μM-AMPA were
    linear for both cell types with a reversal potential close to OmV. 11. It is concluded
    that the GluR channels in pyramidal cells of hippocampal CA3 and CA1 regions are
    distinet but share many pharmacological and functional properties. Comparison
    of the properties of native and recombinant GluRs suggests that in both CA3 and
    CA1 regions GluR channels are hetero-oligomers containing the GluR-B subunit.
acknowledgement: "We thank Dr D. Colquhoun, Dr J. P. Ruppersberg and Dr T. A. Verdoorn
  for critically reading the manuscript, K. Bauer, C. Busch and F. Helmchen for computer
  programming, and M. Kaiser for technical assistance. \r\n"
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Peter M
  full_name: Jonas, Peter M
  id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jonas
  orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804
- first_name: Bert
  full_name: Sakmann, Bert
  last_name: Sakmann
citation:
  ama: Jonas PM, Sakmann B. Glutamate receptor channels in isolated patches from CA1
    and CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices. <i>Journal of Physiology</i>.
    1992;455:143-171. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294
    ">10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294 </a>
  apa: Jonas, P. M., &#38; Sakmann, B. (1992). Glutamate receptor channels in isolated
    patches from CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices. <i>Journal
    of Physiology</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294
    ">https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294 </a>
  chicago: Jonas, Peter M, and Bert Sakmann. “Glutamate Receptor Channels in Isolated
    Patches from CA1 and CA3 Pyramidal Cells of Rat Hippocampal Slices.” <i>Journal
    of Physiology</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294
    ">https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294 </a>.
  ieee: P. M. Jonas and B. Sakmann, “Glutamate receptor channels in isolated patches
    from CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices,” <i>Journal of Physiology</i>,
    vol. 455. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 143–171, 1992.
  ista: Jonas PM, Sakmann B. 1992. Glutamate receptor channels in isolated patches
    from CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices. Journal of Physiology.
    455, 143–171.
  mla: Jonas, Peter M., and Bert Sakmann. “Glutamate Receptor Channels in Isolated
    Patches from CA1 and CA3 Pyramidal Cells of Rat Hippocampal Slices.” <i>Journal
    of Physiology</i>, vol. 455, Wiley-Blackwell, 1992, pp. 143–71, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294
    ">10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294 </a>.
  short: P.M. Jonas, B. Sakmann, Journal of Physiology 455 (1992) 143–171.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:30Z
date_published: 1992-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-16T13:01:55Z
day: '01'
doi: '10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294 '
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '1282929 '
intvolume: '       455'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019294
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 143 - 171
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Physiology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0022-3751
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '2917'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Glutamate receptor channels in isolated patches from CA1 and CA3 pyramidal
  cells of rat hippocampal slices
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 455
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '3471'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 1. Outside-out patches were isolated from granule cells of dentate gyrus and
    pyramidal cells of CA3 and CA1 regions of rat hippocampal slices. Patches were
    exposed briefly to L-glutamate using a piezo-driven double-barrelled application
    pipette. 2. Applications of glutamate (1 mM) of 1 ms duration activated patch
    currents which rose and decayed rapidly. The 20-80% rise time of these glutamate
    receptor (GluR)-mediated currents was usually 0.2-0.6 ms. At -50 mV the peak current
    varied from 10 to 500 pA in different patches. 3. The peak current-voltage relation
    for brief pulses of 1 mM glutamate was virtually linear in normal extracellular
    solution for patches from the three cell types (-100 to 60 mV). 4. The permeability
    of GluR channels activated at the peak to Ca2+, relative to K+, was less than
    0.1 for all three cell types (under bi-ionic conditions with Ca2+ on the extracellular
    side and K+ on the intracellular side of the membrane). 5. The offset decay time
    constant of the current following 1 ms pulses of 1 mM glutamate was brief, with
    mean values of 3.0 +/- 0.8, 2.5 +/- 0.7, and 2.3 +/- 0.7 ms for dentate, CA3 and
    CA1 cell patches, respectively. Offset time constants were independent of membrane
    potential and independent of glutamate concentration (200 microM and 1 mM) for
    the three cell types. 6. Applications of 1 mM glutamate of 100 ms duration showed
    that glutamate responses desensitized rapidly. The time constants for desensitization
    were 9.4 +/- 2.7, 11.3 +/- 2.8, and 9.3 +/- 2.8 ms for patches from dentate, CA3
    and CA1 cells respectively. Desensitization time constants were only weakly dependent
    on glutamate concentration (200 microM and 1 mM) for the three cell types. Thus
    offset time constants are about four times faster than desensitization time constants
    for both glutamate concentrations. 7. Double pulse application of glutamate indicated
    that even a 1 ms pulse of 1 mM glutamate causes partial (about 60%) desensitization
    of GluR channels. The time course of recovery from desensitization was slower
    in dentate gyrus granule cell patches than in CA3 or CA1 pyramidal cell patches.
    8. Desensitization was studied at equilibrium by exposing patches to low glutamate
    concentrations for at least 15 s before a 1 ms test pulse of 1 mM glutamate.
acknowledgement: 'We thank Drs N.Burnashev, P. Ruppersberg , and G.Stuart for critically
  reading the manuscript, and Marlies Kaiser for technical assistance. D.C.is a recipient
  of a Humboldt prize. '
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: D.
  full_name: Colquhoun, D.
  last_name: Colquhoun
- first_name: Peter M
  full_name: Jonas, Peter M
  id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jonas
  orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804
- first_name: Bert
  full_name: Sakmann, Bert
  last_name: Sakmann
citation:
  ama: Colquhoun D, Jonas PM, Sakmann B. Action of brief pulses of glutamate on AMPA/kainate
    receptors in patches from different neurones of rat hippocampal slices. <i>Journal
    of Physiology</i>. 1992;458:261-287. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019417">10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019417</a>
  apa: Colquhoun, D., Jonas, P. M., &#38; Sakmann, B. (1992). Action of brief pulses
    of glutamate on AMPA/kainate receptors in patches from different neurones of rat
    hippocampal slices. <i>Journal of Physiology</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019417">https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019417</a>
  chicago: Colquhoun, D., Peter M Jonas, and Bert Sakmann. “Action of Brief Pulses
    of Glutamate on AMPA/Kainate Receptors in Patches from Different Neurones of Rat
    Hippocampal Slices.” <i>Journal of Physiology</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019417">https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019417</a>.
  ieee: D. Colquhoun, P. M. Jonas, and B. Sakmann, “Action of brief pulses of glutamate
    on AMPA/kainate receptors in patches from different neurones of rat hippocampal
    slices,” <i>Journal of Physiology</i>, vol. 458. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 261–287,
    1992.
  ista: Colquhoun D, Jonas PM, Sakmann B. 1992. Action of brief pulses of glutamate
    on AMPA/kainate receptors in patches from different neurones of rat hippocampal
    slices. Journal of Physiology. 458, 261–287.
  mla: Colquhoun, D., et al. “Action of Brief Pulses of Glutamate on AMPA/Kainate
    Receptors in Patches from Different Neurones of Rat Hippocampal Slices.” <i>Journal
    of Physiology</i>, vol. 458, Wiley-Blackwell, 1992, pp. 261–87, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019417">10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019417</a>.
  short: D. Colquhoun, P.M. Jonas, B. Sakmann, Journal of Physiology 458 (1992) 261–287.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:30Z
date_published: 1992-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-16T12:41:01Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019417
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '1338788'
intvolume: '       458'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1175155/
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 261 - 287
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Physiology
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0022-3751
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '2916'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Action of brief pulses of glutamate on AMPA/kainate receptors in patches from
  different neurones of rat hippocampal slices
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 458
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '3581'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'A number of rendering algorithms in computer graphics sort three-dimensional
    objects by depth and assume that there is no cycle that makes the sorting impossible.
    One way to resolve the problem caused by cycles is to cut the objects into smaller
    pieces. In this paper we address the problem of estimating how many such cuts
    arc always sufficient. We also consider a few related algorithmic and combinatorial
    geometry problems. For example, we demonstrate that n lines in space can be sorted
    in randomized expected time O(n4’st’), provided that they define no cycle. We
    also prove an 0(n7’4) upper bound on the number of points in space so that there
    are n lines with the property that for each point there are at least three noncoplanar
    lines that contain it. '
acknowledgement: "* Bernard Chazelle wishes to acknowledge the National Science Foundation
  for supporting this research in part under Grant CCR-9002352. Herbert Edelsbrunner
  acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation under grants CCR-8714565
  and CCR-8921421. Richard Pollack was supported in part by NSF grant CCR-8901484,
  NSA grant MDA904-89-H-2030, and DIMACS, a Science and Technology Center under NSF
  grant STC88-09648. Raimund Seidel acknowledges support by NSF grant CCR-8809040.
  Mich Sharir was partially supported by the Office of Naval\r\nResearch under Grant
  N00014-87-K-0129, by the National Science Foundation under Grant CCR-89-01484, and
  by grants from the U.S.-Israeli Binational Science Foundation and the Fund for Basic
  Research administered by the Israeli Academy of Sciences."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Bernard
  full_name: Chazelle, Bernard
  last_name: Chazelle
- first_name: Herbert
  full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert
  id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Edelsbrunner
  orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833
- first_name: Leonidas
  full_name: Guibas, Leonidas
  last_name: Guibas
- first_name: Richard
  full_name: Pollack, Richard
  last_name: Pollack
- first_name: Raimund
  full_name: Seidel, Raimund
  last_name: Seidel
- first_name: Micha
  full_name: Sharir, Micha
  last_name: Sharir
- first_name: Jack
  full_name: Snoeyink, Jack
  last_name: Snoeyink
citation:
  ama: 'Chazelle B, Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, et al. Counting and cutting cycles of
    lines and rods in space. <i>Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications</i>.
    1992;1(6):305-323. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-7721(92)90009-H">10.1016/0925-7721(92)90009-H</a>'
  apa: 'Chazelle, B., Edelsbrunner, H., Guibas, L., Pollack, R., Seidel, R., Sharir,
    M., &#38; Snoeyink, J. (1992). Counting and cutting cycles of lines and rods in
    space. <i>Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-7721(92)90009-H">https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-7721(92)90009-H</a>'
  chicago: 'Chazelle, Bernard, Herbert Edelsbrunner, Leonidas Guibas, Richard Pollack,
    Raimund Seidel, Micha Sharir, and Jack Snoeyink. “Counting and Cutting Cycles
    of Lines and Rods in Space.” <i>Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications</i>.
    Elsevier, 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-7721(92)90009-H">https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-7721(92)90009-H</a>.'
  ieee: 'B. Chazelle <i>et al.</i>, “Counting and cutting cycles of lines and rods
    in space,” <i>Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications</i>, vol. 1, no.
    6. Elsevier, pp. 305–323, 1992.'
  ista: 'Chazelle B, Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, Pollack R, Seidel R, Sharir M, Snoeyink
    J. 1992. Counting and cutting cycles of lines and rods in space. Computational
    Geometry: Theory and Applications. 1(6), 305–323.'
  mla: 'Chazelle, Bernard, et al. “Counting and Cutting Cycles of Lines and Rods in
    Space.” <i>Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications</i>, vol. 1, no. 6,
    Elsevier, 1992, pp. 305–23, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-7721(92)90009-H">10.1016/0925-7721(92)90009-H</a>.'
  short: 'B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, L. Guibas, R. Pollack, R. Seidel, M. Sharir,
    J. Snoeyink, Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications 1 (1992) 305–323.'
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:04:04Z
date_published: 1992-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-16T10:41:58Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/0925-7721(92)90009-H
extern: '1'
intvolume: '         1'
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/092577219290009H?via%3Dihub
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 305 - 323
publication: 'Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications'
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0925-7721
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '2804'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Counting and cutting cycles of lines and rods in space
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 1
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '4047'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Arrangements of curves in the plane are fundamental to many problems in computational
    and combinatorial geometry (e.g. motion planning, algebraic cell decomposition,
    etc.). In this paper we study various topological and combinatorial properties
    of such arrangements under some mild assumptions on the shape of the curves, and
    develop basic tools for the construction, manipulation, and analysis of these
    arrangements. Our main results include a generalization of the zone theorem of
    Edelsbrunner (1986) and Chazelle (1985) to arrangements of curves (in which we
    show that the combinatorial complexity of the zone of a curve is nearly linear
    in the number of curves) and an application of that theorem to obtain a nearly
    quadratic incremental algorithm for the construction of such arrangements.
acknowledgement: 'Work on this paper by the first author has been supported by the
  National Science Foundation under grant CCR-8714565. Work by the third and sixth
  authors has been supported by Office of Naval Research Grant NOOOl4-82-K-0381, by
  National Science Foundation Grant No. NSF-DCR-83-20085, by grants from the Digital
  Equipment Corporation, and the IBM Corporation. Work by the sixth author has also
  been supported by a research grant from the NCRD- the Israeli National Council for
  Research and Development. Work by the fourth author has been supported by National
  Science Foundation Grant DMS-8501947. '
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Herbert
  full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert
  id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Edelsbrunner
  orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833
- first_name: Leonidas
  full_name: Guibas, Leonidas
  last_name: Guibas
- first_name: János
  full_name: Pach, János
  last_name: Pach
- first_name: Richard
  full_name: Pollack, Richard
  last_name: Pollack
- first_name: Raimund
  full_name: Seidel, Raimund
  last_name: Seidel
- first_name: Micha
  full_name: Sharir, Micha
  last_name: Sharir
citation:
  ama: Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, Pach J, Pollack R, Seidel R, Sharir M. Arrangements
    of curves in the plane - topology, combinatorics, and algorithms. <i>Theoretical
    Computer Science</i>. 1992;92(2):319-336. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90319-B">10.1016/0304-3975(92)90319-B</a>
  apa: Edelsbrunner, H., Guibas, L., Pach, J., Pollack, R., Seidel, R., &#38; Sharir,
    M. (1992). Arrangements of curves in the plane - topology, combinatorics, and
    algorithms. <i>Theoretical Computer Science</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90319-B">https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90319-B</a>
  chicago: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, Leonidas Guibas, János Pach, Richard Pollack, Raimund
    Seidel, and Micha Sharir. “Arrangements of Curves in the Plane - Topology, Combinatorics,
    and Algorithms.” <i>Theoretical Computer Science</i>. Elsevier, 1992. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90319-B">https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90319-B</a>.
  ieee: H. Edelsbrunner, L. Guibas, J. Pach, R. Pollack, R. Seidel, and M. Sharir,
    “Arrangements of curves in the plane - topology, combinatorics, and algorithms,”
    <i>Theoretical Computer Science</i>, vol. 92, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 319–336, 1992.
  ista: Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, Pach J, Pollack R, Seidel R, Sharir M. 1992. Arrangements
    of curves in the plane - topology, combinatorics, and algorithms. Theoretical
    Computer Science. 92(2), 319–336.
  mla: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, et al. “Arrangements of Curves in the Plane - Topology,
    Combinatorics, and Algorithms.” <i>Theoretical Computer Science</i>, vol. 92,
    no. 2, Elsevier, 1992, pp. 319–36, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(92)90319-B">10.1016/0304-3975(92)90319-B</a>.
  short: H. Edelsbrunner, L. Guibas, J. Pach, R. Pollack, R. Seidel, M. Sharir, Theoretical
    Computer Science 92 (1992) 319–336.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:37Z
date_published: 1992-01-20T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-16T09:04:37Z
day: '20'
doi: 10.1016/0304-3975(92)90319-B
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        92'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030439759290319B?via%3Dihub
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 319 - 336
publication: Theoretical Computer Science
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0304-3975
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '2079'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Arrangements of curves in the plane - topology, combinatorics, and algorithms
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 92
year: '1992'
...
---
_id: '4052'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: This paper describes an effective procedure for stratifying a real semi-algebraic
    set into cells of constant description size. The attractive feature of our method
    is that the number of cells produced is singly exponential in the number of input
    variables. This compares favorably with the doubly exponential size of Collins'
    decomposition. Unlike Collins' construction, however, our scheme does not produce
    a cell complex but only a smooth stratification. Nevertheless, we are able to
    apply our results in interesting ways to problems of point location and geometric
    optimization.
acknowledgement: The authors wish to thank DEC/Systems Research Center and DEC/Paris
  Research Laboratory, where part of this research was conducted. For individual support,
  Bernard Chazelle acknowledges the National Science Foundation for supporting this
  research in part under Grant CCR-8700917. Herbert Edelsbrunner acknowledges the
  support of the National Science Foundation under Grant CCR-8714565. Micha Sharir
  acknowledges the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-87-K-0129, the National
  Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF-DCR-83-20085, grants from the Digital Equipment
  Corporation and the IBM Corporation, and a research grant from the US-Israeli Binational
  Science Foundation.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Bernard
  full_name: Chazelle, Bernard
  last_name: Chazelle
- first_name: Herbert
  full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert
  id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Edelsbrunner
  orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833
- first_name: Leonidas
  full_name: Guibas, Leonidas
  last_name: Guibas
- first_name: Micha
  full_name: Sharir, Micha
  last_name: Sharir
citation:
  ama: Chazelle B, Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, Sharir M. A singly exponential stratification
    scheme for real semi-algebraic varieties and its applications. <i>Theoretical
    Computer Science</i>. 1991;84(1):77-105. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(91)90261-Y">10.1016/0304-3975(91)90261-Y</a>
  apa: Chazelle, B., Edelsbrunner, H., Guibas, L., &#38; Sharir, M. (1991). A singly
    exponential stratification scheme for real semi-algebraic varieties and its applications.
    <i>Theoretical Computer Science</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(91)90261-Y">https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(91)90261-Y</a>
  chicago: Chazelle, Bernard, Herbert Edelsbrunner, Leonidas Guibas, and Micha Sharir.
    “A Singly Exponential Stratification Scheme for Real Semi-Algebraic Varieties
    and Its Applications.” <i>Theoretical Computer Science</i>. Elsevier, 1991. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(91)90261-Y">https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(91)90261-Y</a>.
  ieee: B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, L. Guibas, and M. Sharir, “A singly exponential
    stratification scheme for real semi-algebraic varieties and its applications,”
    <i>Theoretical Computer Science</i>, vol. 84, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 77–105, 1991.
  ista: Chazelle B, Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, Sharir M. 1991. A singly exponential
    stratification scheme for real semi-algebraic varieties and its applications.
    Theoretical Computer Science. 84(1), 77–105.
  mla: Chazelle, Bernard, et al. “A Singly Exponential Stratification Scheme for Real
    Semi-Algebraic Varieties and Its Applications.” <i>Theoretical Computer Science</i>,
    vol. 84, no. 1, Elsevier, 1991, pp. 77–105, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(91)90261-Y">10.1016/0304-3975(91)90261-Y</a>.
  short: B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, L. Guibas, M. Sharir, Theoretical Computer
    Science 84 (1991) 77–105.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:39Z
date_published: 1991-07-22T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-02T10:23:58Z
day: '22'
doi: 10.1016/0304-3975(91)90261-Y
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        84'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030439759190261Y?via%3Dihub
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 77 - 105
publication: Theoretical Computer Science
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1879-2294
  issn:
  - 0304-3975
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '2073'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A singly exponential stratification scheme for real semi-algebraic varieties
  and its applications
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 84
year: '1991'
...
---
_id: '4056'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: This paper proves that for every n ≥ 4 there is a convex n-gon such that the
    vertices of 2n - 7 vertex pairs are one unit of distance apart. This improves
    the previously best lower bound of ⌊ (5n - 5) 3⌋ given by Erdo{combining double
    acute accent}s and Moser if n ≥ 17.
acknowledgement: The first author is pleased to acknowledge partial support by the
  Amoco Fnd. Fat. Dev. Comput. Sci. i-6-44862 and the National Science Foundation
  under Grant CCR-8714565.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Herbert
  full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert
  id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Edelsbrunner
  orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833
- first_name: Péter
  full_name: Hajnal, Péter
  last_name: Hajnal
citation:
  ama: Edelsbrunner H, Hajnal P. A lower bound on the number of unit distances between
    the vertices of a convex polygon. <i>Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A</i>.
    1991;56(2):312-316. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0097-3165(91)90042-F">10.1016/0097-3165(91)90042-F</a>
  apa: Edelsbrunner, H., &#38; Hajnal, P. (1991). A lower bound on the number of unit
    distances between the vertices of a convex polygon. <i>Journal of Combinatorial
    Theory Series A</i>. Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0097-3165(91)90042-F">https://doi.org/10.1016/0097-3165(91)90042-F</a>
  chicago: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, and Péter Hajnal. “A Lower Bound on the Number of
    Unit Distances between the Vertices of a Convex Polygon.” <i>Journal of Combinatorial
    Theory Series A</i>. Elsevier, 1991. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0097-3165(91)90042-F">https://doi.org/10.1016/0097-3165(91)90042-F</a>.
  ieee: H. Edelsbrunner and P. Hajnal, “A lower bound on the number of unit distances
    between the vertices of a convex polygon,” <i>Journal of Combinatorial Theory
    Series A</i>, vol. 56, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 312–316, 1991.
  ista: Edelsbrunner H, Hajnal P. 1991. A lower bound on the number of unit distances
    between the vertices of a convex polygon. Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series
    A. 56(2), 312–316.
  mla: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, and Péter Hajnal. “A Lower Bound on the Number of Unit
    Distances between the Vertices of a Convex Polygon.” <i>Journal of Combinatorial
    Theory Series A</i>, vol. 56, no. 2, Elsevier, 1991, pp. 312–16, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0097-3165(91)90042-F">10.1016/0097-3165(91)90042-F</a>.
  short: H. Edelsbrunner, P. Hajnal, Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A 56 (1991)
    312–316.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:41Z
date_published: 1991-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-02T09:56:10Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/0097-3165(91)90042-F
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        56'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/009731659190042F?via%3Dihub
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 312 - 316
publication: Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1096-0899
  issn:
  - 0097-3165
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '2070'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A lower bound on the number of unit distances between the vertices of a convex
  polygon
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 56
year: '1991'
...
---
_id: '4057'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Herbert
  full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert
  id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Edelsbrunner
  orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833
citation:
  ama: Edelsbrunner H. Corrigendum. <i>Journal of Computer and System Sciences</i>.
    1991;42(2):249-251. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0000(91)90013-U">10.1016/0022-0000(91)90013-U</a>
  apa: Edelsbrunner, H. (1991). Corrigendum. <i>Journal of Computer and System Sciences</i>.
    Elsevier. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0000(91)90013-U">https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0000(91)90013-U</a>
  chicago: Edelsbrunner, Herbert. “Corrigendum.” <i>Journal of Computer and System
    Sciences</i>. Elsevier, 1991. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0000(91)90013-U">https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0000(91)90013-U</a>.
  ieee: H. Edelsbrunner, “Corrigendum,” <i>Journal of Computer and System Sciences</i>,
    vol. 42, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 249–251, 1991.
  ista: Edelsbrunner H. 1991. Corrigendum. Journal of Computer and System Sciences.
    42(2), 249–251.
  mla: Edelsbrunner, Herbert. “Corrigendum.” <i>Journal of Computer and System Sciences</i>,
    vol. 42, no. 2, Elsevier, 1991, pp. 249–51, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0000(91)90013-U">10.1016/0022-0000(91)90013-U</a>.
  short: H. Edelsbrunner, Journal of Computer and System Sciences 42 (1991) 249–251.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:41Z
date_published: 1991-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-03-02T10:06:55Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1016/0022-0000(91)90013-U
extern: '1'
intvolume: '        42'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002200009190013U?via%3Dihub
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 249 - 251
publication: Journal of Computer and System Sciences
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1090-2724
  issn:
  - 0022-0000
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier
publist_id: '2071'
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Corrigendum
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 42
year: '1991'
...
---
_id: '4061'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We present an algorithm to compute a Euclidean minimum spanning tree of a
    given set S of N points in Ed in time O(Fd (N,N) logd N), where Fd (n,m) is the
    time required to compute a bichromatic closest pair among n red and m green points
    in Ed . If Fd (N,N)=Ω(N1+ε), for some fixed e{open}&gt;0, then the running time
    improves to O(Fd (N,N)). Furthermore, we describe a randomized algorithm to compute
    a bichromatic closest pair in expected time O((nm log n log m)2/3+m log2 n+n log2
    m) in E3, which yields an O(N4/3 log4/3 N) expected time, algorithm for computing
    a Euclidean minimum spanning tree of N points in E3. In d≥4 dimensions we obtain
    expected time O((nm)1-1/([d/2]+1)+ε+m log n+n log m) for the bichromatic closest
    pair problem and O(N2-2/([d/2]+1)ε) for the Euclidean minimum spanning tree problem,
    for any positive e{open}.
acknowledgement: The first, second, and fourth authors acknowledge support from the
  Center for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science (DIMACS), a National
  Science Foundation Science and Technology Center under NSF Grant STC 88-09648. The
  second author's work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant
  CCR-8714565. The third author's work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  under Grant A1 253/1-3, Schwerpunktprogramm "Datenstrukturen und effiziente Algorithmen."
  The last two authors' work was also partially supported by the ESPRIT II Basic Research
  Action of the EC under Contract No. 3075 (project ALCOM).
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Pankaj
  full_name: Agarwal, Pankaj
  last_name: Agarwal
- first_name: Herbert
  full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert
  id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Edelsbrunner
  orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833
- first_name: Otfried
  full_name: Schwarzkopf, Otfried
  last_name: Schwarzkopf
- first_name: Emo
  full_name: Welzl, Emo
  last_name: Welzl
citation:
  ama: Agarwal P, Edelsbrunner H, Schwarzkopf O, Welzl E. Euclidean minimum spanning
    trees and bichromatic closest pairs. <i>Discrete &#38; Computational Geometry</i>.
    1991;6(1):407-422. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02574698">10.1007/BF02574698</a>
  apa: Agarwal, P., Edelsbrunner, H., Schwarzkopf, O., &#38; Welzl, E. (1991). Euclidean
    minimum spanning trees and bichromatic closest pairs. <i>Discrete &#38; Computational
    Geometry</i>. Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02574698">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02574698</a>
  chicago: Agarwal, Pankaj, Herbert Edelsbrunner, Otfried Schwarzkopf, and Emo Welzl.
    “Euclidean Minimum Spanning Trees and Bichromatic Closest Pairs.” <i>Discrete
    &#38; Computational Geometry</i>. Springer, 1991. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02574698">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02574698</a>.
  ieee: P. Agarwal, H. Edelsbrunner, O. Schwarzkopf, and E. Welzl, “Euclidean minimum
    spanning trees and bichromatic closest pairs,” <i>Discrete &#38; Computational
    Geometry</i>, vol. 6, no. 1. Springer, pp. 407–422, 1991.
  ista: Agarwal P, Edelsbrunner H, Schwarzkopf O, Welzl E. 1991. Euclidean minimum
    spanning trees and bichromatic closest pairs. Discrete &#38; Computational Geometry.
    6(1), 407–422.
  mla: Agarwal, Pankaj, et al. “Euclidean Minimum Spanning Trees and Bichromatic Closest
    Pairs.” <i>Discrete &#38; Computational Geometry</i>, vol. 6, no. 1, Springer,
    1991, pp. 407–22, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02574698">10.1007/BF02574698</a>.
  short: P. Agarwal, H. Edelsbrunner, O. Schwarzkopf, E. Welzl, Discrete &#38; Computational
    Geometry 6 (1991) 407–422.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:42Z
date_published: 1991-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-02-24T15:06:41Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/BF02574698
extern: '1'
intvolume: '         6'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02574698
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 407 - 422
publication: Discrete & Computational Geometry
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1432-0444
  issn:
  - 0179-5376
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '2062'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Euclidean minimum spanning trees and bichromatic closest pairs
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 6
year: '1991'
...
---
_id: '4062'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We prove that for any set S of n points in the plane and n3-α triangles spanned
    by the points in S there exists a point (not necessarily in S) contained in at
    least n3-3α/(c log5 n) of the triangles. This implies that any set of n points
    in three-dimensional space defines at most {Mathematical expression} halving planes.
acknowledgement: "Work on this paper by Boris Aronov and Rephael Wenger has been supported
  by DIMACS under NSF Grant STC-88-09648. Work on this paper by Bernard Chazelle has
  been supported by NSF Grant CCR-87-00917. Work by Herbert Edelsbrunner has been
  supported by NSF Grant CCR-87-14565. Micha Sharir has been supported by ONR Grant
  N00014-87-K-0129, by NSF Grant CCR-89-01484, and by grants from the U.S.-Israeli
  Binational Science Foundation, the Israeli National Council for Research and Development,
  and the Fund for Basic Research administered by the Israeli\r\nAcademy of Sciences"
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Boris
  full_name: Aronov, Boris
  last_name: Aronov
- first_name: Bernard
  full_name: Chazelle, Bernard
  last_name: Chazelle
- first_name: Herbert
  full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert
  id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Edelsbrunner
  orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833
- first_name: Leonidas
  full_name: Guibas, Leonidas
  last_name: Guibas
- first_name: Micha
  full_name: Sharir, Micha
  last_name: Sharir
- first_name: Rephael
  full_name: Wenger, Rephael
  last_name: Wenger
citation:
  ama: Aronov B, Chazelle B, Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, Sharir M, Wenger R. Points
    and triangles in the plane and halving planes in space. <i>Discrete &#38; Computational
    Geometry</i>. 1991;6(1):435-442. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02574700">10.1007/BF02574700</a>
  apa: Aronov, B., Chazelle, B., Edelsbrunner, H., Guibas, L., Sharir, M., &#38; Wenger,
    R. (1991). Points and triangles in the plane and halving planes in space. <i>Discrete
    &#38; Computational Geometry</i>. Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02574700">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02574700</a>
  chicago: Aronov, Boris, Bernard Chazelle, Herbert Edelsbrunner, Leonidas Guibas,
    Micha Sharir, and Rephael Wenger. “Points and Triangles in the Plane and Halving
    Planes in Space.” <i>Discrete &#38; Computational Geometry</i>. Springer, 1991.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02574700">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02574700</a>.
  ieee: B. Aronov, B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, L. Guibas, M. Sharir, and R. Wenger,
    “Points and triangles in the plane and halving planes in space,” <i>Discrete &#38;
    Computational Geometry</i>, vol. 6, no. 1. Springer, pp. 435–442, 1991.
  ista: Aronov B, Chazelle B, Edelsbrunner H, Guibas L, Sharir M, Wenger R. 1991.
    Points and triangles in the plane and halving planes in space. Discrete &#38;
    Computational Geometry. 6(1), 435–442.
  mla: Aronov, Boris, et al. “Points and Triangles in the Plane and Halving Planes
    in Space.” <i>Discrete &#38; Computational Geometry</i>, vol. 6, no. 1, Springer,
    1991, pp. 435–42, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02574700">10.1007/BF02574700</a>.
  short: B. Aronov, B. Chazelle, H. Edelsbrunner, L. Guibas, M. Sharir, R. Wenger,
    Discrete &#38; Computational Geometry 6 (1991) 435–442.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:43Z
date_published: 1991-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-02-24T15:39:25Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1007/BF02574700
extern: '1'
intvolume: '         6'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02574700
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 435 - 442
publication: Discrete & Computational Geometry
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1432-0444
  issn:
  - 0179-5376
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
publist_id: '2063'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Points and triangles in the plane and halving planes in space
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 6
year: '1991'
...
---
_id: '2480'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Functional cDNA clones for rat neuromedin K receptor were isolated from a
    rat brain cDNA library by cross-hybridization with the bovine substance K recepor
    cDNA. Injection of the mRNA synthesized in vitro from the cloned cDNA into Xenopus
    oocytes elicited electrophysiological responses to tachykinins, with the most
    potent sensitivity being to neuromedin K. Ligand-binding displacement in membranes
    of mammalian COS cells transfected with the cDNA indicated the rank order of affinity
    of the receptor to tachykinins; neuromedin K &gt; substance K &gt; substance P.
    The hybridization analysis showed that the neuromedin K receptor mRNA is expressed
    in both the brain and the peripheral tissues at different levels. The rat neuromedin
    K receptor consists of 452 amino acid residues and belongs to the family of G
    protein-coupled receptors, which are thought to have seven transmembrane domains.
    The sequence comparison of the rat neuromedin K, substance P, and substance K
    receptors revealed that these receptors are highly conserved in the seven transmembrane
    domains and the cytoplasmic sides of the receptors. They also show some structural
    characteristics, including the common presence of histidine residues in transmembrane
    segments V and VI and the difference in the numbers and distributions of serine
    and threonine residues as possible phosphorylation sites in the cytoplasmic regions.
    This paper thus presents the first comprehensive analysis of the molecular nature
    of the multiple peptide receptors that exhibit similar but pharmacologically distinguishable
    activities.
acknowledgement: This work was supported in part by research grants from the Ministry
  Education, Science and Culture of Japan; the Institute of Physical and Chemical
  Research; and the Science and Technology Agency of Japan. The costs of publication
  of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article
  must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 USC. Section
  1734 solely to indicate this fact.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Ryuichi
  full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi
  id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Shigemoto
  orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
- first_name: Yoshifumi
  full_name: Yokota, Yoshifumi
  last_name: Yokota
- first_name: Kunihiro
  full_name: Tsuchida, Kunihiro
  last_name: Tsuchida
- first_name: Shigetada
  full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada
  last_name: Nakanishi
citation:
  ama: Shigemoto R, Yokota Y, Tsuchida K, Nakanishi S. Cloning and expression of a
    rat neuromedin K receptor cDNA. <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. 1990;265(2):623-628.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40095-1 ">10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40095-1
    </a>
  apa: Shigemoto, R., Yokota, Y., Tsuchida, K., &#38; Nakanishi, S. (1990). Cloning
    and expression of a rat neuromedin K receptor cDNA. <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>.
    American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40095-1
    ">https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40095-1 </a>
  chicago: Shigemoto, Ryuichi, Yoshifumi Yokota, Kunihiro Tsuchida, and Shigetada
    Nakanishi. “Cloning and Expression of a Rat Neuromedin K Receptor CDNA.” <i>Journal
    of Biological Chemistry</i>. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
    1990. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40095-1 ">https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40095-1
    </a>.
  ieee: R. Shigemoto, Y. Yokota, K. Tsuchida, and S. Nakanishi, “Cloning and expression
    of a rat neuromedin K receptor cDNA,” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>,
    vol. 265, no. 2. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, pp.
    623–628, 1990.
  ista: Shigemoto R, Yokota Y, Tsuchida K, Nakanishi S. 1990. Cloning and expression
    of a rat neuromedin K receptor cDNA. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 265(2),
    623–628.
  mla: Shigemoto, Ryuichi, et al. “Cloning and Expression of a Rat Neuromedin K Receptor
    CDNA.” <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>, vol. 265, no. 2, American Society
    for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990, pp. 623–28, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40095-1
    ">10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40095-1 </a>.
  short: R. Shigemoto, Y. Yokota, K. Tsuchida, S. Nakanishi, Journal of Biological
    Chemistry 265 (1990) 623–628.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:57:55Z
date_published: 1990-01-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-02-24T11:07:05Z
day: '15'
doi: '10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40095-1 '
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '2153106 '
intvolume: '       265'
issue: '2'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021925819400951
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 623 - 628
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Biological Chemistry
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1083-351X
  issn:
  - 0021-9258
publication_status: published
publisher: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
publist_id: '4421'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Cloning and expression of a rat neuromedin K receptor cDNA
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 265
year: '1990'
...
---
_id: '2481'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The family of mammalian tachykinin receptors consists of substance P receptor
    (SPR), neuromedin K receptor (NKR) and substance K receptor (SKR). In this investigation,
    tissue and regional distributions of the mRNAs for the three rat tachykinin receptors
    were investigated by blot-hybridization and RNase-protection analyses using the
    previously cloned receptor cDNAs. SPR mRNA is widely distributed in both the nervous
    system and peripheral tissues and is expressed abundantly in the hypothalamus
    and olfactory buld, as well as in the urinary bladder, salivary glands and small
    and large intestines. In contrast, NKR mRNA is predominantly expressed in the
    nervous system, particularly in the cortex, hypothalamus and cerebellum, whereas
    SKR mRNA expression is restricted to the peripheral tissues, being abundant in
    the urinary bladder, large intestine, stomach and adenal glands. Thus, the mRNAs
    for the three tachykinin receptors show distinct patterns of expression between
    the nervous system and peripheral tissues. Blot-hybridization analysis in combination
    with S1 nuclease protection and primer-extension analyses revealed that there
    are two large forms of SKR mRNA expressed commonly in the peripheral tissues,
    and two additional small forms of the mRNA expressed specifically in the adrenal
    gland and eye. These analyses also showed that the multiple forms of SKR mRNA
    differ in the lengths of the 5' mRNA portions, and that the two small forms of
    the mRNA, if translated, encode a truncated SKR polypeptide lacking the first
    two transmembrane domains. This investigation thus provides the comprehensive
    analysis of the distribution and mode of expression of the mRNAs for the multiple
    peptide receptors and offers a new basis on which to interpret the diverse functions
    of multiple tachykinin peptides in the CNS and peripheral tissues.
acknowledgement: This work was supported in part by research grants from  the Ministry
  of Education, Science and Culture of Japan, the Ministry of Health  and Welfare
  of Japan, and the Yamanouchi Foundation for Research on Metabolic Disorders
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Kunihiro
  full_name: Tsuchida, Kunihiro
  last_name: Tsuchida
- first_name: Ryuichi
  full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi
  id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Shigemoto
  orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444
- first_name: Yoshifumi
  full_name: Yokota, Yoshifumi
  last_name: Yokota
- first_name: Shigetada
  full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada
  last_name: Nakanishi
citation:
  ama: Tsuchida K, Shigemoto R, Yokota Y, Nakanishi S. Tissue distribution and quantitation
    of the mRNAs for three rat tachykinin receptors. <i>European Journal of Biochemistry</i>.
    1990;193(3):751-757. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19396.x">10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19396.x</a>
  apa: Tsuchida, K., Shigemoto, R., Yokota, Y., &#38; Nakanishi, S. (1990). Tissue
    distribution and quantitation of the mRNAs for three rat tachykinin receptors.
    <i>European Journal of Biochemistry</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19396.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19396.x</a>
  chicago: Tsuchida, Kunihiro, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Yoshifumi Yokota, and Shigetada
    Nakanishi. “Tissue Distribution and Quantitation of the MRNAs for Three Rat Tachykinin
    Receptors.” <i>European Journal of Biochemistry</i>. Wiley-Blackwell, 1990. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19396.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19396.x</a>.
  ieee: K. Tsuchida, R. Shigemoto, Y. Yokota, and S. Nakanishi, “Tissue distribution
    and quantitation of the mRNAs for three rat tachykinin receptors,” <i>European
    Journal of Biochemistry</i>, vol. 193, no. 3. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 751–757, 1990.
  ista: Tsuchida K, Shigemoto R, Yokota Y, Nakanishi S. 1990. Tissue distribution
    and quantitation of the mRNAs for three rat tachykinin receptors. European Journal
    of Biochemistry. 193(3), 751–757.
  mla: Tsuchida, Kunihiro, et al. “Tissue Distribution and Quantitation of the MRNAs
    for Three Rat Tachykinin Receptors.” <i>European Journal of Biochemistry</i>,
    vol. 193, no. 3, Wiley-Blackwell, 1990, pp. 751–57, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19396.x">10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19396.x</a>.
  short: K. Tsuchida, R. Shigemoto, Y. Yokota, S. Nakanishi, European Journal of Biochemistry
    193 (1990) 751–757.
date_created: 2018-12-11T11:57:55Z
date_published: 1990-03-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-02-24T10:20:14Z
day: '03'
doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19396.x
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '1701145'
intvolume: '       193'
issue: '3'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19396.x
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 751 - 757
pmid: 1
publication: European Journal of Biochemistry
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1432-1033
  issn:
  - 0014-2956
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '4420'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Tissue distribution and quantitation of the mRNAs for three rat tachykinin
  receptors
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 193
year: '1990'
...
---
_id: '3467'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The effects of mast cell degranulating peptide (MCDP), a toxin from the honey
    bee, and of dendrotoxin (DTX), a toxin from the green mamba snake, were studied
    in voltage-clamped experiments with myelinated nerve fibres of Xenopus. MCDP and
    DTX blocked part of the K+ current. About 20% of the K+ current, however, was
    resistant to the toxins even in high concentrations. In Ringer solution half-maximal
    block was reached with concentrations of 33 nM MCDP and 11 nM DTX. In high-K+
    solution the potency of both toxins was lower. β-Bungarotoxin (β-BuTX), another
    snake toxin, also blocked part of the K+ current, but was less potent than MCDP
    and DTX. Tail currents in high-K+ solution were analysed and three K+ current
    components were separated according to Dubois (1981b). Both MCDP and DTX selectively
    blocked a fast deactivating, slowly inactivating K+ current component which steeply
    activates between E = -60 mV and E = -40 mV (component f1). In concentrations
    around 100 nM, MCDP and DTX blocked neither the slow K+ current (component s)
    nor the fast deactivating, rapidly inactivating K+ current which activates between
    E = -40 mV and E = 20 mV (component f2). Similar results could be derived from
    K+ outward currents in Ringer solution. In high-K+, IC50 of MCDP for component
    f1 was 99 nM, whereas it was 7.6 μM for f2. Corresponding values for DTX are 68
    nM and 1.8 μM. Binding studies with nerve fibre membranes of Xenopus reveal high-affinity
    binding sites for 125I-labelled DTX )K(D) = 22 pM in Ringer solution and 81 pM
    in high-K+ solution). 125I-labelled DTX can be displaced from its sites completely
    by unlabelled DTX, toxin I (black mamba toxin), MCDP, and partially by β-BuTX.
    Immunocytochemical staining demonstrates that binding sites for DTX are present
    in nodal and paranodal regions of the axonal membrane. The axonal membrane of
    motor and sensory nerve fibres is equipped with three types of well-characterized
    K+ channels and constitutes so far the best preparation to study MCDP- and DTX-sensitive
    K+ channels with electrophysiological and biochemical methods.
acknowledgement: "We thank Professor E. Habermann for critical reading of the manuscript
  and E. Schmidt and J. Schafer for technical assistance. Financial support by the
  Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Vo 188/13-1 and SFB 249) is gratefully acknowledged.\r\n"
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Bräu, Michael
  last_name: Bräu
- first_name: Florian
  full_name: Dreyer, Florian
  last_name: Dreyer
- first_name: Peter M
  full_name: Jonas, Peter M
  id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Jonas
  orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804
- first_name: Holger
  full_name: Repp, Holger
  last_name: Repp
- first_name: Werner
  full_name: Vogel, Werner
  last_name: Vogel
citation:
  ama: 'Bräu M, Dreyer F, Jonas PM, Repp H, Vogel W. A K+ channel in Xenopus nerve
    fibres selectively blocked by bee and snake toxins: binding and voltage-clamp
    experiments. <i>Journal of Physiology</i>. 1990;420:365-385. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp017918">10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp017918</a>'
  apa: 'Bräu, M., Dreyer, F., Jonas, P. M., Repp, H., &#38; Vogel, W. (1990). A K+
    channel in Xenopus nerve fibres selectively blocked by bee and snake toxins: binding
    and voltage-clamp experiments. <i>Journal of Physiology</i>. Wiley-Blackwell.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp017918">https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp017918</a>'
  chicago: 'Bräu, Michael, Florian Dreyer, Peter M Jonas, Holger Repp, and Werner
    Vogel. “A K+ Channel in Xenopus Nerve Fibres Selectively Blocked by Bee and Snake
    Toxins: Binding and Voltage-Clamp Experiments.” <i>Journal of Physiology</i>.
    Wiley-Blackwell, 1990. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp017918">https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp017918</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Bräu, F. Dreyer, P. M. Jonas, H. Repp, and W. Vogel, “A K+ channel in
    Xenopus nerve fibres selectively blocked by bee and snake toxins: binding and
    voltage-clamp experiments,” <i>Journal of Physiology</i>, vol. 420. Wiley-Blackwell,
    pp. 365–385, 1990.'
  ista: 'Bräu M, Dreyer F, Jonas PM, Repp H, Vogel W. 1990. A K+ channel in Xenopus
    nerve fibres selectively blocked by bee and snake toxins: binding and voltage-clamp
    experiments. Journal of Physiology. 420, 365–385.'
  mla: 'Bräu, Michael, et al. “A K+ Channel in Xenopus Nerve Fibres Selectively Blocked
    by Bee and Snake Toxins: Binding and Voltage-Clamp Experiments.” <i>Journal of
    Physiology</i>, vol. 420, Wiley-Blackwell, 1990, pp. 365–85, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp017918">10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp017918</a>.'
  short: M. Bräu, F. Dreyer, P.M. Jonas, H. Repp, W. Vogel, Journal of Physiology
    420 (1990) 365–385.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:29Z
date_published: 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-02-23T16:10:03Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp017918
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '2324990'
intvolume: '       420'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1190055/
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: None
page: 365 - 385
pmid: 1
publication: Journal of Physiology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1469-7793
  issn:
  - 0022-3751
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
publist_id: '2920'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'A K+ channel in Xenopus nerve fibres selectively blocked by bee and snake
  toxins: binding and voltage-clamp experiments'
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 420
year: '1990'
...
---
_id: '3650'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Hybrid zones can yield estimates of natural selection and gene flow. The width
    of a cline in gene frequency is approximately proportional to gene flow (σ) divided
    by the square root of per-locus selection ( &amp;s). Gene flow also causes gametic
    correlations (linkage disequilibria) between genes that differ across hybrid zones.
    Correlations are stronger when the hybrid zone is narrow, and rise to a maximum
    roughly equal to s. Thus cline width and gametic correlations combine to give
    estimates of gene flow and selection. These indirect measures of σ and s are especially
    useful because they can be made from collections, and require no field experiments.
    The method was applied to hybrid zones between color pattern races in a pair of
    Peruvian Heliconius butterfly species. The species are Mullerian mimics of one
    another, and both show the same changes in warning color pattern across their
    respective hybrid zones. The expectations of cline width and gametic correlation
    were generated using simulations of clines stabilized by strong frequency-dependent
    selection. In the hybrid zone in Heliconius erato, clines at three major color
    pattern loci were between 8.5 and 10.2 km wide, and the pairwise gametic correlations
    peaked at R &amp; 0.35. These measures suggest that s &amp; 0.23 per locus, and
    that σ &amp; 2.6 km. In erato, the shapes of the clines agreed with that expected
    on the basis of dominance. Heliconius melpomene has a nearly coincident hybrid
    zone. In this species, cline widths at four major color pattern loci varied between
    11.7 and 13.4 km. Pairwise gametic correlations peaked near R &amp; 1.00 for tightly
    linked genes, and at R &amp; 0.40 for unlinked genes, giving s &amp; 0.25 per
    locus and σ &amp; 3.7 km. In melpomene, cline shapes did not perfectly fit theoretical
    shapes based on dominance; this deviation might be explained by long-distance
    migration and/or strong epistasis. Compared with erato, sample sizes in melpomene
    are lower and the genetics of its color patterns are less well understood. In
    spite of these problems, selection and gene flow are clearly of the same order
    of magnitude in the two species. The relatively high per locus selection coefficients
    agree with ``major gene'' theories for the evolution of Mullerian mimicry, but
    the genetic architecture of the color patterns does not. These results show that
    the genetics and evolution of mimicry are still only sketchily understood.
acknowledgement: 'We thank the Natural Environmental Research Council, the Royal Society,
  the Nuffield Foundation, CONCYTEC, and Mrs. G. W. BORLASE for financial support,
  and the people of San Martin for their generous hospitality. We are very grateful
  to S. D. KNAPP, who helped by maintaining our sanity and rearing larvae. We are
  also grateful to an anonymous reviewer, A. W. PORTER, J. C. SCHNEIDER, M. TURELLI
  and C. E. WATSON for helpful comments on the manuscript. This paper was approved
  for publication as journal article no. 5-7255 of the Mississippi Agricultural and
  Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, project no. MIS-2 122. '
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: James
  full_name: Mallet, James
  last_name: Mallet
- first_name: Nicholas H
  full_name: Barton, Nicholas H
  id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Barton
  orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240
- first_name: Gerado
  full_name: Lamas, Gerado
  last_name: Lamas
- first_name: José
  full_name: Santisteban, José
  last_name: Santisteban
- first_name: Manuel
  full_name: Muedas, Manuel
  last_name: Muedas
- first_name: Harriet
  full_name: Eeley, Harriet
  last_name: Eeley
citation:
  ama: Mallet J, Barton NH, Lamas G, Santisteban J, Muedas M, Eeley H. Estimates of
    selection and gene flow from measures of cline width and linkage disequilibrium
    in Heliconius hybrid zones. <i>Genetics</i>. 1990;124(4):921-936. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/124.4.921">10.1093/genetics/124.4.921</a>
  apa: Mallet, J., Barton, N. H., Lamas, G., Santisteban, J., Muedas, M., &#38; Eeley,
    H. (1990). Estimates of selection and gene flow from measures of cline width and
    linkage disequilibrium in Heliconius hybrid zones. <i>Genetics</i>. Genetics Society
    of America. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/124.4.921">https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/124.4.921</a>
  chicago: Mallet, James, Nicholas H Barton, Gerado Lamas, José Santisteban, Manuel
    Muedas, and Harriet Eeley. “Estimates of Selection and Gene Flow from Measures
    of Cline Width and Linkage Disequilibrium in Heliconius Hybrid Zones.” <i>Genetics</i>.
    Genetics Society of America, 1990. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/124.4.921">https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/124.4.921</a>.
  ieee: J. Mallet, N. H. Barton, G. Lamas, J. Santisteban, M. Muedas, and H. Eeley,
    “Estimates of selection and gene flow from measures of cline width and linkage
    disequilibrium in Heliconius hybrid zones,” <i>Genetics</i>, vol. 124, no. 4.
    Genetics Society of America, pp. 921–936, 1990.
  ista: Mallet J, Barton NH, Lamas G, Santisteban J, Muedas M, Eeley H. 1990. Estimates
    of selection and gene flow from measures of cline width and linkage disequilibrium
    in Heliconius hybrid zones. Genetics. 124(4), 921–936.
  mla: Mallet, James, et al. “Estimates of Selection and Gene Flow from Measures of
    Cline Width and Linkage Disequilibrium in Heliconius Hybrid Zones.” <i>Genetics</i>,
    vol. 124, no. 4, Genetics Society of America, 1990, pp. 921–36, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/124.4.921">10.1093/genetics/124.4.921</a>.
  short: J. Mallet, N.H. Barton, G. Lamas, J. Santisteban, M. Muedas, H. Eeley, Genetics
    124 (1990) 921–936.
date_created: 2018-12-11T12:04:26Z
date_published: 1990-04-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-02-23T11:04:17Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/genetics/124.4.921
extern: '1'
external_id:
  pmid:
  - '2323556'
intvolume: '       124'
issue: '4'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1203983/
month: '04'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 921 - 936
pmid: 1
publication: Genetics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0016-6731
publication_status: published
publisher: Genetics Society of America
publist_id: '2733'
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Estimates of selection and gene flow from measures of cline width and linkage
  disequilibrium in Heliconius hybrid zones
type: journal_article
user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17
volume: 124
year: '1990'
...
