--- _id: '3640' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'The probability of fixation of a favorable mutation is reduced if selection at other loci causes inherited variation in fitness. A general method for calculating the fixation probability of an allele that can find itself in a variety of genetic backgrounds is applied to find the effect of substitutions, fluctuating polymorphisms, and deleterious mutations in a large population. With loose linkage, r, the effects depend on the additive genetic variance in relative fitness, var(W), and act by reducing effective population size by (N/Ne) = 1 + var(W)/2r2. However, tightly linked loci can have a substantial effect not predictable from Ne. Linked deleterious mutations reduce the fixation probability of weakly favored alleles by exp (-2U/R), where U is the total mutation rate and R is the map length in Morgans. Substitutions can cause a greater reduction: an allele with advantage s < scrit = (pi 2/6) loge (S/s) [var(W)/R] is very unlikely to be fixed. (S is the advantage of the substitution impeding fixation.) Fluctuating polymorphisms at many (n) linked loci can also have a substantial effect, reducing fixation probability by exp [square root of 2Kn var(W)/R] [K = -1/E((u-u)2/uv) depending on the frequencies (u,v) at the selected polymorphisms]. Hitchhiking due to all three kinds of selection may substantially impede adaptation that depends on weakly favored alleles.' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Nicholas H full_name: Barton, Nicholas H id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Barton orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240 citation: ama: Barton NH. Linkage and the limits to natural selection. Genetics. 1995;140(2):821-841. doi:http://www.genetics.org/content/140/2/821.long apa: Barton, N. H. (1995). Linkage and the limits to natural selection. Genetics. Genetics Society of America. http://www.genetics.org/content/140/2/821.long chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “Linkage and the Limits to Natural Selection.” Genetics. Genetics Society of America, 1995. http://www.genetics.org/content/140/2/821.long. ieee: N. H. Barton, “Linkage and the limits to natural selection,” Genetics, vol. 140, no. 2. Genetics Society of America, pp. 821–841, 1995. ista: Barton NH. 1995. Linkage and the limits to natural selection. Genetics. 140(2), 821–841. mla: Barton, Nicholas H. “Linkage and the Limits to Natural Selection.” Genetics, vol. 140, no. 2, Genetics Society of America, 1995, pp. 821–41, doi:http://www.genetics.org/content/140/2/821.long. short: N.H. Barton, Genetics 140 (1995) 821–841. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:04:23Z date_published: 1995-06-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-24T09:59:08Z day: '01' doi: http://www.genetics.org/content/140/2/821.long extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '7498757' intvolume: ' 140' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1206655/ month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 821 - 841 pmid: 1 publication: Genetics publication_identifier: issn: - 0016-6731 publication_status: published publisher: Genetics Society of America publist_id: '2743' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Linkage and the limits to natural selection type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 140 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '4028' abstract: - lang: eng text: Efficient algorithms are described for computing topological, combinatorial, and metric properties of the union of finitely many spherical balls in R(d) These algorithms are based on a simplicial complex dual to a decomposition of the union of balls using Voronoi cells, and on short inclusion-exclusion formulas derived from this complex. The algorithms are most relevant in R(3) where unions of finitely many balls are commonly used as models of molecules. acknowledgement: This work is supported by the National Science Foundation, under Grant ASC-9200301, and the Alan T. Waterman award, Grant CCR-9118874. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Science Foundation. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Herbert full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Edelsbrunner orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833 citation: ama: Edelsbrunner H. The union of balls and its dual shape. Discrete & Computational Geometry. 1995;13(1):415-440. doi:10.1007/BF02574053 apa: Edelsbrunner, H. (1995). The union of balls and its dual shape. Discrete & Computational Geometry. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02574053 chicago: Edelsbrunner, Herbert. “The Union of Balls and Its Dual Shape.” Discrete & Computational Geometry. Springer, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02574053. ieee: H. Edelsbrunner, “The union of balls and its dual shape,” Discrete & Computational Geometry, vol. 13, no. 1. Springer, pp. 415–440, 1995. ista: Edelsbrunner H. 1995. The union of balls and its dual shape. Discrete & Computational Geometry. 13(1), 415–440. mla: Edelsbrunner, Herbert. “The Union of Balls and Its Dual Shape.” Discrete & Computational Geometry, vol. 13, no. 1, Springer, 1995, pp. 415–40, doi:10.1007/BF02574053. short: H. Edelsbrunner, Discrete & Computational Geometry 13 (1995) 415–440. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:31Z date_published: 1995-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-27T08:14:48Z day: '01' doi: 10.1007/BF02574053 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 13' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02574053 month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 415 - 440 publication: Discrete & Computational Geometry publication_identifier: issn: - 0179-5376 publication_status: published publisher: Springer publist_id: '2095' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: The union of balls and its dual shape type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 13 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '4296' abstract: - lang: eng text: Three replicate lines of Drosophila melanogaster were cultured at each of two temperatures (16.5⚬C and 25⚬C) in population cages for 4 yr. The lifespans of both sexes and the fecundity and fertility of the females were then measured at both experimental temperatures. The characters showed evidence of adaptation; flies of both sexes from each selection regime showed higher longevity, and females showed higher fecundity and fertility, than flies from the other selection regime when they were tested at the experimental temperature at which they had evolved. Calculation of intrinsic rates of increase under different assumptions about the rate of population increase showed that the difference between the lines from the two selection regimes became less the higher the rate of population increase, because the lines were more similar in early adulthood than they were later. Despite the increased adaptation of the low-temperature lines to the low temperature, like the high temperature lines they produced progeny at a higher rate at the higher temperature. The lines may have independently evolved adaptations to their respective thermal regimes during the experiment, or there may have been a trade-off between adaptation to the two temperatures, or mutation pressure may have lowered adaptation to the temperature that the flies no longer encountered. acknowledgement: We thank Natural Environment Research Council and the Royal Society for financial support. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Linda full_name: Partridge, Linda last_name: Partridge - first_name: Brian full_name: Barrie, Brian last_name: Barrie - first_name: Nicholas H full_name: Barton, Nicholas H id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Barton orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240 - first_name: Kevin full_name: Fowler, Kevin last_name: Fowler - first_name: Vernon full_name: French, Vernon last_name: French citation: ama: Partridge L, Barrie B, Barton NH, Fowler K, French V. Rapid laboratory evolution of adult life history traits in Drosophila melanogaster in response to temperature. Evolution. 1995;49(3):538-544. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb02285.x apa: Partridge, L., Barrie, B., Barton, N. H., Fowler, K., & French, V. (1995). Rapid laboratory evolution of adult life history traits in Drosophila melanogaster in response to temperature. Evolution. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb02285.x chicago: Partridge, Linda, Brian Barrie, Nicholas H Barton, Kevin Fowler, and Vernon French. “Rapid Laboratory Evolution of Adult Life History Traits in Drosophila Melanogaster in Response to Temperature.” Evolution. Wiley-Blackwell, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb02285.x. ieee: L. Partridge, B. Barrie, N. H. Barton, K. Fowler, and V. French, “Rapid laboratory evolution of adult life history traits in Drosophila melanogaster in response to temperature,” Evolution, vol. 49, no. 3. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 538–544, 1995. ista: Partridge L, Barrie B, Barton NH, Fowler K, French V. 1995. Rapid laboratory evolution of adult life history traits in Drosophila melanogaster in response to temperature. Evolution. 49(3), 538–544. mla: Partridge, Linda, et al. “Rapid Laboratory Evolution of Adult Life History Traits in Drosophila Melanogaster in Response to Temperature.” Evolution, vol. 49, no. 3, Wiley-Blackwell, 1995, pp. 538–44, doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb02285.x. short: L. Partridge, B. Barrie, N.H. Barton, K. Fowler, V. French, Evolution 49 (1995) 538–544. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:06Z date_published: 1995-06-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-13T08:42:11Z day: '01' doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb02285.x extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '28565092 ' intvolume: ' 49' issue: '3' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb02285.x month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 538 - 544 pmid: 1 publication: Evolution publication_identifier: issn: - 0014-3820 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley-Blackwell publist_id: '1778' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Rapid laboratory evolution of adult life history traits in Drosophila melanogaster in response to temperature type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 49 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '4297' abstract: - lang: eng text: The F5 (2n = 34) and FM2 (2n = 44-46) chromosome races of the Sceloporus grammicus complex form a parapatric hybrid zone in the Mexican state of Hidalgo, characterized by steep concordant clines among three diagnostic chromosome markers across a straight-line distance of about 2 km. Here, we show that this zone is actually structured into local patches in which hybridization extends over an extremely irregular front. The distribution of hybrid-index (HI) scores across the transect reveals some hybridization at almost all localities mapped in a central 7 km x 3 km area. Pooling the central samples produces both a strong heterozygote deficit for all diagnostic markers and strong linkage disequilibria between all pairwise combinations of these (unlinked) markers. Moreover, a highly significant association exists between the habitat on which each individual was caught and its karyotype (F5 chromosomes are more likely to be found on oak). Analysis of genotype frequencies over a range of spatial scales shows that there is no significant heterozygote deficit or habitat association within local areas of less than about 200 m; however, there is significant linkage disequilibrium over the smallest scales (R = D (pquv)1/2 = 0.29, support limits, 0.18-0.36) over 100 m. These patterns suggest that lizards mate and choose habitats randomly within local patches. This conclusion is supported by mark-recapture estimates of dispersal (≈ 80 m in a generation) and by inference of matings from embryo and maternal karyotypes. Closer examination of the two-dimensional pattern reveals a convoluted cline for all three markers, with a width of 830 m (support limits 770 m-930 m). This cline width, combined with the strength of local linkage disequilibrium, implies a dispersal rate of σ = 160 m in a generation and an effective selection pressure of 30% on each chromosome marker. The proportion of inviable embryos is greater in females from the center of the hybrid zone; this is caused by effects associated with both karyotype and location. The hybrid zone is likely to be maintained by selection against chromosomal heterozygotes, by other kinds of selection against hybrids, and by selection adapting the chromosome races to different habitats. The structure of the contact may be caused by both random drift and by selection in relation to habitat. acknowledgement: For field assistance in collecting and mapping of the zone, we thank E. Arevalo, I. Goyenechea, D. Hutchison, M. Man- cilia, F. Mendoza, D. Mink, and J. and H. Sites. The mark- recapture work was carried out by M. Mancilla, F Mendoza, and A. Gonzales. J.W.S. also thanks T. Hinckley and D. Ste­vens of the Brigham Young University Department of Ge­ography for lessons in surveying and map making and use of the field equipment and planimeter. B. Nürnberger pro­vided the digitized coordinates for individual lizards and as­sisted with the analysis of spatial structure and viability. B. Nürnberger, C. MacCallum, J. Mallet, and J. Searle also pro­vided helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants BSR 85- 09092 and 88-22751 to J.W.S., and grants from the Science and Engineering Research Council (GR/H09929) and Natural Environment Research Council (GR3/8002) and the DarwinTrust to N.H.B. The Mexican agency Secretaria de DesarrolloUrbano y Ecologia (now Secretaria de Desarrollo Social) kindly provided scientific collecting permits (to E. Arévalo) for field work in 1989 and 1991. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Jack full_name: Sites, Jack last_name: Sites - first_name: Nicholas H full_name: Barton, Nicholas H id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Barton orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240 - first_name: Kent full_name: Reed, Kent last_name: Reed citation: ama: Sites J, Barton NH, Reed K. The genetic structure of a mosaic hybrid zone between two chromosome races of the Sceloporus grammicus complex (Sauria, Phrynosomatidae) in central Mexico. Evolution. 1995;49(1):9-36. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb05955.x apa: Sites, J., Barton, N. H., & Reed, K. (1995). The genetic structure of a mosaic hybrid zone between two chromosome races of the Sceloporus grammicus complex (Sauria, Phrynosomatidae) in central Mexico. Evolution. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb05955.x chicago: Sites, Jack, Nicholas H Barton, and Kent Reed. “The Genetic Structure of a Mosaic Hybrid Zone between Two Chromosome Races of the Sceloporus Grammicus Complex (Sauria, Phrynosomatidae) in Central Mexico.” Evolution. Wiley-Blackwell, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb05955.x. ieee: J. Sites, N. H. Barton, and K. Reed, “The genetic structure of a mosaic hybrid zone between two chromosome races of the Sceloporus grammicus complex (Sauria, Phrynosomatidae) in central Mexico,” Evolution, vol. 49, no. 1. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 9–36, 1995. ista: Sites J, Barton NH, Reed K. 1995. The genetic structure of a mosaic hybrid zone between two chromosome races of the Sceloporus grammicus complex (Sauria, Phrynosomatidae) in central Mexico. Evolution. 49(1), 9–36. mla: Sites, Jack, et al. “The Genetic Structure of a Mosaic Hybrid Zone between Two Chromosome Races of the Sceloporus Grammicus Complex (Sauria, Phrynosomatidae) in Central Mexico.” Evolution, vol. 49, no. 1, Wiley-Blackwell, 1995, pp. 9–36, doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb05955.x. short: J. Sites, N.H. Barton, K. Reed, Evolution 49 (1995) 9–36. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:06Z date_published: 1995-02-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-13T09:24:40Z day: '01' doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb05955.x extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '28593667' intvolume: ' 49' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb05955.x month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 9 - 36 pmid: 1 publication: Evolution publication_identifier: issn: - 0014-3820 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley-Blackwell publist_id: '1779' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: The genetic structure of a mosaic hybrid zone between two chromosome races of the Sceloporus grammicus complex (Sauria, Phrynosomatidae) in central Mexico type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 49 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '4298' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Nicholas H full_name: Barton, Nicholas H id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Barton orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240 citation: ama: Barton NH. Appendix to “A simulation study of multilocus clines” by S J E Baird. Evolution. 1995;49(6):1038-1045. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04431.x apa: Barton, N. H. (1995). Appendix to “A simulation study of multilocus clines” by S J E Baird. Evolution. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04431.x chicago: Barton, Nicholas H. “Appendix to ‘A Simulation Study of Multilocus Clines’ by S J E Baird.” Evolution. Wiley, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04431.x. ieee: N. H. Barton, “Appendix to ‘A simulation study of multilocus clines’ by S J E Baird,” Evolution, vol. 49, no. 6. Wiley, pp. 1038–1045, 1995. ista: Barton NH. 1995. Appendix to ‘A simulation study of multilocus clines’ by S J E Baird. Evolution. 49(6), 1038–1045. mla: Barton, Nicholas H. “Appendix to ‘A Simulation Study of Multilocus Clines’ by S J E Baird.” Evolution, vol. 49, no. 6, Wiley, 1995, pp. 1038–45, doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04431.x. short: N.H. Barton, Evolution 49 (1995) 1038–1045. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:07Z date_published: 1995-12-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-28T07:47:30Z day: '01' doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04431.x extern: '1' intvolume: ' 49' issue: '6' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04431.x month: '12' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 1038 - 1045 publication: Evolution publication_identifier: issn: - 1558-5646 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley publist_id: '1773' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Appendix to "A simulation study of multilocus clines" by S J E Baird type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 49 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '4428' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Hybrid systems are real-time systems that react to both discrete and continuous activities (such as analog signals, time, temperature, and speed). Typical examples of hybrid systems are embedded systems, timing-based communication protocols, and digital circuits at the transistor level. Due to the rapid development of microprocessor technology, hybrid systems directly control much of what we depend on in our daily lives. Consequently, the formal specification and verification of hybrid systems has become an active area of research. This dissertation presents the first general framework for the formal specification and verification of hybrid systems, as well as the first hybrid-system analysis tool--HyTech. The framework consists of a graphical finite-state-machine-like language for modeling hybrid systems, a temporal logic for modeling the requirements of hybrid systems, and a computer procedure that verifies modeled hybrid systems against modeled requirements. The tool HyTech is the implementation of the framework using C++ and Mathematica.\r\n\r\nMore specifically, our hybrid-system modeling language, Hybrid Automata, is an extension of timed automata with discrete and continuous variables whose dynamics are governed by differential equations. Our requirement modeling language, ICTL, is a branching-time temporal logic, and is an extension of TCTL with stop-watch variables. Our verification procedure is a symbolic model-checking procedure that verifies linear hybrid automata against ICTL formulas. To make HyTech more efficient and effective, we use model-checking strategies and abstract operators that can expedite the verification process. To enable HyTech to verify nonlinear hybrid automata, we introduce two translations from nonlinear hybrid automata to linear hybrid automata. We have applied HyTech to analyze more than 30 hybrid-system benchmarks. In this dissertation, we present the application of HyTech to three nontrivial hybrid systems taken from the literature." article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Pei full_name: Ho, Pei last_name: Ho citation: ama: Ho P. Automatic analysis of hybrid systems. 1995:1-188. apa: Ho, P. (1995). Automatic analysis of hybrid systems. Cornell University. chicago: Ho, Pei. “Automatic Analysis of Hybrid Systems.” Cornell University, 1995. ieee: P. Ho, “Automatic analysis of hybrid systems,” Cornell University, 1995. ista: Ho P. 1995. Automatic analysis of hybrid systems. Cornell University. mla: Ho, Pei. Automatic Analysis of Hybrid Systems. Cornell University, 1995, pp. 1–188. short: P. Ho, Automatic Analysis of Hybrid Systems, Cornell University, 1995. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:08:48Z date_published: 1995-08-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-28T07:30:34Z day: '01' degree_awarded: PhD extern: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://hdl.handle.net/1813/7193 month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 1 - 188 publication_status: published publisher: Cornell University publist_id: '304' status: public supervisor: - first_name: Thomas A full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000-0002-2985-7724 title: Automatic analysis of hybrid systems type: dissertation user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '4502' abstract: - lang: eng text: "Hybrid automata model systems with both digital and analog components, such as embedded control programs. Many verification tasks for such programs can be expressed as reachability problems for hybrid automata. By improving on previous decidability and undecidability results, we identify the precise boundary between decidability and undecidability of the reachability problem for hybrid automata.\r\n\r\nOn the positive side, we give an (optimal) PSPACE reachability algorithm for the case of initialized rectangular automata, where all analog variables follow trajectories within piecewise-linear envelopes and are reinitialized whenever the envelope changes. Our algorithm is based on the construction of a timed automaton that contains all reachability information about a given initialized rectangular automaton. The translation has practical significance for verification, because it guarantees the termination of symbolic procedures for the reachability analysis of initialized rectangular automata. The translation also preserves the omega-languages of initialized rectangular automata with bounded nondeterminism.\r\n\r\nOn the negative side, we show that several slight generalizations of initialized rectangular automata lead to an undecidable reachability problem. In particular, we prove that the reachability problem is undecidable for timed automata augmented with a single stopwatch." acknowledgement: "We thank Howard Wong-Toi for a careful reading.\r\n" article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Thomas A full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724 - first_name: Peter full_name: Kopke, Peter last_name: Kopke - first_name: Anuj full_name: Puri, Anuj last_name: Puri - first_name: P. full_name: Varaiya, P. last_name: Varaiya citation: ama: 'Henzinger TA, Kopke P, Puri A, Varaiya P. What’s decidable about hybrid automata? In: Proceedings of the 27th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing. ACM; 1995:373-382. doi:10.1145/225058.225162' apa: 'Henzinger, T. A., Kopke, P., Puri, A., & Varaiya, P. (1995). What’s decidable about hybrid automata? In Proceedings of the 27th annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing (pp. 373–382). Las Vegas, NV, United States of America: ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/225058.225162' chicago: Henzinger, Thomas A, Peter Kopke, Anuj Puri, and P. Varaiya. “What’s Decidable about Hybrid Automata?” In Proceedings of the 27th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 373–82. ACM, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1145/225058.225162. ieee: T. A. Henzinger, P. Kopke, A. Puri, and P. Varaiya, “What’s decidable about hybrid automata?,” in Proceedings of the 27th annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing, Las Vegas, NV, United States of America, 1995, pp. 373–382. ista: 'Henzinger TA, Kopke P, Puri A, Varaiya P. 1995. What’s decidable about hybrid automata? Proceedings of the 27th annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing. STOC: Symposium on the Theory of Computing, 373–382.' mla: Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. “What’s Decidable about Hybrid Automata?” Proceedings of the 27th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, ACM, 1995, pp. 373–82, doi:10.1145/225058.225162. short: T.A. Henzinger, P. Kopke, A. Puri, P. Varaiya, in:, Proceedings of the 27th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, ACM, 1995, pp. 373–382. conference: end_date: 1995-06-01 location: Las Vegas, NV, United States of America name: 'STOC: Symposium on the Theory of Computing' start_date: 1995-05-29 date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:11Z date_published: 1995-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-09T14:40:29Z day: '01' doi: 10.1145/225058.225162 extern: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/225058.225162 month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 373 - 382 publication: Proceedings of the 27th annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing publication_identifier: isbn: - '9780897917186' publication_status: published publisher: ACM publist_id: '228' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: What's decidable about hybrid automata? type: conference user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 year: '1995' ... --- _id: '2550' abstract: - lang: eng text: A cDNA clone for a new rat metabotropic glutamate receptor termed mGluR7 was isolated through polymerase chain reaction-mediated DNA amplification by using primer sequences conserved among the metabotropic receptor (mGluR) family and by the subsequent screening of a rat forebrain cDNA library. The cloned mGluR7 subtype consists of 915 amino acid residues and exhibits a structural architecture common to the mGluR family with a large extracellular domain preceding the seven putative membrane-spanning domains. mGluR7 shows the highest sequence similarity to mGluR4 and mGluR6 among the members of the mGluR family. Similar to mGluR4 and mGluR6, mGluR7 inhibits forskolin- stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in response to agonist interaction and potently reacts with L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate and L-serine-O-phosphate in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the cloned cDNA. RNA blot and in situ hybridization analyses of mGluR7 mRNA indicated that it is widely expressed in many neuronal cells of the central nervous system and is thus different from the more limitedly expressed mGluR4 or mGluR6 mRNA. mGluR7 together with mGluR4 thus corresponds to the putative L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate receptor which plays an important role in modulation of glutamate transmission in the central nervous system. acknowledgement: We are grateful to Akira Uesugi for photographic assistance. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Naoyuki full_name: Okamoto, Naoyuki last_name: Okamoto - first_name: Seiji full_name: Hori, Seiji last_name: Hori - first_name: Chihiro full_name: Akazawa, Chihiro last_name: Akazawa - first_name: Yasunori full_name: Hayashi, Yasunori last_name: Hayashi - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi citation: ama: Okamoto N, Hori S, Akazawa C, et al. Molecular characterization of a new metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR7 coupled to inhibitory cyclic AMP signal transduction. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1994;269(2):1231-1236. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)42247-2 apa: Okamoto, N., Hori, S., Akazawa, C., Hayashi, Y., Shigemoto, R., Mizuno, N., & Nakanishi, S. (1994). Molecular characterization of a new metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR7 coupled to inhibitory cyclic AMP signal transduction. Journal of Biological Chemistry. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(17)42247-2 chicago: Okamoto, Naoyuki, Seiji Hori, Chihiro Akazawa, Yasunori Hayashi, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Noboru Mizuno, and Shigetada Nakanishi. “Molecular Characterization of a New Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor MGluR7 Coupled to Inhibitory Cyclic AMP Signal Transduction.” Journal of Biological Chemistry. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(17)42247-2. ieee: N. Okamoto et al., “Molecular characterization of a new metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR7 coupled to inhibitory cyclic AMP signal transduction,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 269, no. 2. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, pp. 1231–1236, 1994. ista: Okamoto N, Hori S, Akazawa C, Hayashi Y, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S. 1994. Molecular characterization of a new metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR7 coupled to inhibitory cyclic AMP signal transduction. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269(2), 1231–1236. mla: Okamoto, Naoyuki, et al. “Molecular Characterization of a New Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor MGluR7 Coupled to Inhibitory Cyclic AMP Signal Transduction.” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 269, no. 2, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1994, pp. 1231–36, doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)42247-2. short: N. Okamoto, S. Hori, C. Akazawa, Y. Hayashi, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, S. Nakanishi, Journal of Biological Chemistry 269 (1994) 1231–1236. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:20Z date_published: 1994-01-14T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-08T15:11:44Z day: '14' doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)42247-2 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8288585' intvolume: ' 269' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021925817422472?via%3Dihub month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: None page: 1231 - 1236 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Biological Chemistry publication_status: published publisher: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology publist_id: '4348' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Molecular characterization of a new metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR7 coupled to inhibitory cyclic AMP signal transduction type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 269 year: '1994' ... --- _id: '1949' abstract: - lang: eng text: H+-transhydrogenase (H+-Thase) and NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-ICDH) are very active in animal mitochondria but their physiological function is only poorly understood. This is especially so in the case of the heart and muscle, where there are no major consumers of NADPH. We propose here that H+-Thase and NADP-ICDH have a combined function in the fine regulation of the activity of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, providing enhanced sensitivy to changes in energy demand. This is achieved through cycling of substrates by NAD-linked ICDH, NADP-linked ICDH and H+-Thase. It is proposed that NAD-ICDH operates in the forward direction of the TCA cycle, but NADP-ICDH is driven in reverse by elevated levels of NADPH resulting from the action of the transmembrane proton electrochemical potential gradient (Δp) on H+-Thase. This has the effect of increasing the sensitivity to allosteric modifiers of NAD-ICDH (NADH, ADP, ATP, Ca2+ etc), potentially giving rise to large changes in the net flux from iso-citrate to α-ketoglutarate. Furthermore, changes in the level of Δp resulting from changes in the demand for ATP would, via H+-Thase, shift the redox state of the NADP pool and this, in turn, would lead to a change in the rate of the reaction catalysed by NADP-ICDH and hence to an additional and complementary effect on the net metabolic flux from isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate. Other consequences of this substrate cycle are, (i) the production of heat at the expense of Δp, which may contribute to thermoregulation in the animal, and (ii) an increased rate of dissipation of Δp (leak). acknowledgement: LAS is grateful to the Wellcome Trust for a fellowship. We should like to thank Prof. R.M. Denton for discussion. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Leonid A full_name: Sazanov, Leonid A id: 338D39FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Sazanov orcid: 0000-0002-0977-7989 - first_name: Julie full_name: Jackson, Julie last_name: Jackson citation: ama: Sazanov LA, Jackson J. Proton translocating transhydrogenase and NAD- and NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenases operate in a substrate cycle which contributes to fine regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in mitochondria. FEBS Letters. 1994;344(2-3):109-116. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(94)00370-X apa: Sazanov, L. A., & Jackson, J. (1994). Proton translocating transhydrogenase and NAD- and NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenases operate in a substrate cycle which contributes to fine regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in mitochondria. FEBS Letters. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(94)00370-X chicago: Sazanov, Leonid A, and Julie Jackson. “Proton Translocating Transhydrogenase and NAD- and NADP-Linked Isocitrate Dehydrogenases Operate in a Substrate Cycle Which Contributes to Fine Regulation of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Activity in Mitochondria.” FEBS Letters. Elsevier, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(94)00370-X. ieee: L. A. Sazanov and J. Jackson, “Proton translocating transhydrogenase and NAD- and NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenases operate in a substrate cycle which contributes to fine regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in mitochondria,” FEBS Letters, vol. 344, no. 2–3. Elsevier, pp. 109–116, 1994. ista: Sazanov LA, Jackson J. 1994. Proton translocating transhydrogenase and NAD- and NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenases operate in a substrate cycle which contributes to fine regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in mitochondria. FEBS Letters. 344(2–3), 109–116. mla: Sazanov, Leonid A., and Julie Jackson. “Proton Translocating Transhydrogenase and NAD- and NADP-Linked Isocitrate Dehydrogenases Operate in a Substrate Cycle Which Contributes to Fine Regulation of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Activity in Mitochondria.” FEBS Letters, vol. 344, no. 2–3, Elsevier, 1994, pp. 109–16, doi:10.1016/0014-5793(94)00370-X. short: L.A. Sazanov, J. Jackson, FEBS Letters 344 (1994) 109–116. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:54:52Z date_published: 1994-05-16T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-09T13:21:50Z day: '16' doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)00370-X extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8187868' intvolume: ' 344' issue: 2-3 language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1016/0014-5793%2894%2900370-X month: '05' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 109 - 116 pmid: 1 publication: FEBS Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 0014-5793 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '5134' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Proton translocating transhydrogenase and NAD- and NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenases operate in a substrate cycle which contributes to fine regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in mitochondria type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 344 year: '1994' ... --- _id: '1953' abstract: - lang: eng text: The respiratory burst induced by phorbol myristate acetate in mouse macrophages was inhibited by ultra-low doses (10-15 -10-13 M) of an opioid peptide [d-Ala2] methionine enkephalinamide. The effect disappeared at concentrations above and below this range. The inhibition approached 50% and was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Increasing the time of the opioid incubation with cells brought about a shift in the maximal effect to lower concentrations of the opioid (from 10-13 to 5 · 10-15 M) and led to a decrease in the value of the effect, fully in accord with the previously proposed adaptation mechanism of the action of ultra-low doses. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Alexander full_name: Efanov, Alexander last_name: Efanov - first_name: Aleksei full_name: Koshkin, Aleksei last_name: Koshkin - first_name: Leonid A full_name: Sazanov, Leonid A id: 338D39FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Sazanov orcid: 0000-0002-0977-7989 - first_name: O I full_name: Borodulina, O I last_name: Borodulina - first_name: Sergei full_name: Varfolomeev, Sergei last_name: Varfolomeev - first_name: Sergei full_name: Zaǐtsev, Sergei last_name: Zaǐtsev citation: ama: Efanov A, Koshkin A, Sazanov LA, Borodulina OI, Varfolomeev S, Zaǐtsev S. Inhibition of the respiratory burst in mouse macrophages by ultra-low doses of an opioid peptide is consistent with a possible adaptation mechanism. FEBS Letters. 1994;355(2):114-116. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(94)01109-5 apa: Efanov, A., Koshkin, A., Sazanov, L. A., Borodulina, O. I., Varfolomeev, S., & Zaǐtsev, S. (1994). Inhibition of the respiratory burst in mouse macrophages by ultra-low doses of an opioid peptide is consistent with a possible adaptation mechanism. FEBS Letters. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(94)01109-5 chicago: Efanov, Alexander, Aleksei Koshkin, Leonid A Sazanov, O I Borodulina, Sergei Varfolomeev, and Sergei Zaǐtsev. “Inhibition of the Respiratory Burst in Mouse Macrophages by Ultra-Low Doses of an Opioid Peptide Is Consistent with a Possible Adaptation Mechanism.” FEBS Letters. Elsevier, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(94)01109-5. ieee: A. Efanov, A. Koshkin, L. A. Sazanov, O. I. Borodulina, S. Varfolomeev, and S. Zaǐtsev, “Inhibition of the respiratory burst in mouse macrophages by ultra-low doses of an opioid peptide is consistent with a possible adaptation mechanism,” FEBS Letters, vol. 355, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 114–116, 1994. ista: Efanov A, Koshkin A, Sazanov LA, Borodulina OI, Varfolomeev S, Zaǐtsev S. 1994. Inhibition of the respiratory burst in mouse macrophages by ultra-low doses of an opioid peptide is consistent with a possible adaptation mechanism. FEBS Letters. 355(2), 114–116. mla: Efanov, Alexander, et al. “Inhibition of the Respiratory Burst in Mouse Macrophages by Ultra-Low Doses of an Opioid Peptide Is Consistent with a Possible Adaptation Mechanism.” FEBS Letters, vol. 355, no. 2, Elsevier, 1994, pp. 114–16, doi:10.1016/0014-5793(94)01109-5. short: A. Efanov, A. Koshkin, L.A. Sazanov, O.I. Borodulina, S. Varfolomeev, S. Zaǐtsev, FEBS Letters 355 (1994) 114–116. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:54:53Z date_published: 1994-11-28T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-09T12:58:57Z day: '28' doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)01109-5 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '7982481' intvolume: ' 355' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1016/0014-5793%2894%2901109-5 month: '11' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 114 - 116 pmid: 1 publication: FEBS Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 0014-5793 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '5133' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Inhibition of the respiratory burst in mouse macrophages by ultra-low doses of an opioid peptide is consistent with a possible adaptation mechanism type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 355 year: '1994' ... --- _id: '3475' abstract: - lang: eng text: '1. A potassium channel activated by internal Na+ ions (K+Na channel) was identified in peripheral myelinated axons of Xenopus laevis using the cell-attached and excised configurations of the patch clamp technique. 2. The single-channel conductance for the main open state was 88 pS with [K+]o = 105 mM and pS with [K+]o = 2.5 mM ([K+]i = 105 mM). The channel was selectively permeable to K+ over Na+ ions. A characteristic feature of the K+Na channel was the frequent occurrence of subconductance states. 3. The open probability of the channel was strongly dependent on the concentration of Na+ ions at the inner side of the membrane. The half-maximal activating Na+ concentration and the Hill coefficient were 33 mM and 2.9, respectively. The open probability of the channel showed only weak potential dependence. 4. The K+Na channel was relatively insensitive to external tetraethylammonium (TEA+) in comparison with voltage-dependent axonal K+ channels; the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 21.3 mM (at -90 mV). In contrast, the channel was blocked by low concentrations of external Ba2+ and Cs+ ions, with IC50 values of 0.7 and 1.1 mM, respectively (at -90 mV). The block by Ba2+ and Cs+ was more pronounced at negative than at positive membrane potentials. 5. A comparison of the number of K+Na channels in nodal and paranodal patches from the same axon revealed that the channel density was about 10-fold higher at the node of Ranvier than at the paranode. Moreover, a correlation between the number of K+Na channels and voltage-dependent Na+ channels in the same patches was found, suggesting co-localization of both channel types. 6. As weakly potential-dependent (''leakage'') channels, axonal K+Na channels may be involved in setting the resting potential of vertebrate axons. Simulations of Na+ ion diffusion suggest two possible mechanisms of activation of K+Na channels: the local increase of Na+ concentration in a cluster of Na+ channels during a single action potential or the accumulation in the intracellular axonal compartment during a train of action potentials.' acknowledgement: 'We thank Drs M.Häusser and A. Villarroel for critically reading the manuscript, Dr E. v. Kitzing and A. Roth for many helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Vo188/13-2). ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Duk full_name: Koh, Duk last_name: Koh - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 - first_name: Werner full_name: Vogel, Werner last_name: Vogel citation: ama: Koh D, Jonas PM, Vogel W. Na+-activated K+ channels localized in the nodal region of myelinated axons of Xenopus. Journal of Physiology. 1994;479:183-197. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020287 apa: Koh, D., Jonas, P. M., & Vogel, W. (1994). Na+-activated K+ channels localized in the nodal region of myelinated axons of Xenopus. Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020287 chicago: Koh, Duk, Peter M Jonas, and Werner Vogel. “Na+-Activated K+ Channels Localized in the Nodal Region of Myelinated Axons of Xenopus.” Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020287. ieee: D. Koh, P. M. Jonas, and W. Vogel, “Na+-activated K+ channels localized in the nodal region of myelinated axons of Xenopus,” Journal of Physiology, vol. 479. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 183–197, 1994. ista: Koh D, Jonas PM, Vogel W. 1994. Na+-activated K+ channels localized in the nodal region of myelinated axons of Xenopus. Journal of Physiology. 479, 183–197. mla: Koh, Duk, et al. “Na+-Activated K+ Channels Localized in the Nodal Region of Myelinated Axons of Xenopus.” Journal of Physiology, vol. 479, Wiley-Blackwell, 1994, pp. 183–97, doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020287. short: D. Koh, P.M. Jonas, W. Vogel, Journal of Physiology 479 (1994) 183–197. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:31Z date_published: 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-03T11:09:21Z day: '01' doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020287 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '7799220 ' intvolume: ' 479' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1155738/ month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 183 - 197 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Physiology publication_identifier: issn: - 0022-3751 publication_status: published publisher: Wiley-Blackwell publist_id: '2912' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Na+-activated K+ channels localized in the nodal region of myelinated axons of Xenopus type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 479 year: '1994' ... --- _id: '3476' abstract: - lang: eng text: Tight-seal whole-cell recordings were made from cleaned somata of CA3 pyramidal cells deep in hippocampal slices from 19–21-d-old rats. The cells were filled with biocytin, and their voltage responses to short current pulses were recorded. After washout of initial sag, responses scaled linearly with injected current and were stable over time. The dendritic and axonal arbors of four cells were reconstructed and measured using light microscopy. Dendritic spines and axonal boutons were counted and the additional membrane area was incorporated into the relevant segments. The morphology of each neuron was converted into a detailed branching cable model by assuming values for specific membrane capacitance Cm and resistance Rm, and cytoplasmic resistivity Ri. These parameters were optimized for each cell by directly matching the model's response to that of the real cell by means of a modified weighted least-squares fitting procedure. By comparing the deviations between model and experimental responses to control noise recordings, approximate 95% confidence intervals were established for each parameter. If a somatic shunt was allowed, a wide range of possible Rm values produced acceptable fits. With zero shunt, Cm was 0.7–0.8 microFcm-2, Ri was 170–340 omega cm, and Rm ranged between 120 and 200 k omega cm2. The electrotonic lengths of the basal and oblique dendrites were 0.2–0.3 space constants, and those of the apical tufts were 0.4–0.7 space constants. The steady-state electrical geometry of these cells was therefore compact; average dendritic tip/soma relative synaptic efficacies were > 93% for the basal and oblique dendrites, and > 81% for the tufts. With fast transient synaptic inputs, however, the models produced a wide range of postsynaptic potential shapes and marked filtering of voltage-clamp currents. acknowledgement: 'logy Training Fellowship. A.L. was supported by a Royal Society Fellowship. The Oxford part of the collaboration was funded by a Wellcome Trust Programme Grant, the Heidelberg part by the Max-Planck Gesellschaft. We are grateful to Sir David Cox for his comments on the statistics, to K. Stratford, M. Hausser, D. Flitney, M. O’Neill, S. Gough, G. Stuart, N. Spruston, P. Stem, and K. Bauer for their help and useful discussions, and to M. Kaiser for technical assistance. ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Guy full_name: Major, Guy last_name: Major - first_name: Alan full_name: Larkman, Alan last_name: Larkman - first_name: Peter M full_name: Jonas, Peter M id: 353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Jonas orcid: 0000-0001-5001-4804 - first_name: Bert full_name: Sakmann, Bert last_name: Sakmann - first_name: Julian full_name: Jack, Julian last_name: Jack citation: ama: Major G, Larkman A, Jonas PM, Sakmann B, Jack J. Detailed passive cable models of whole-cell recorded CA3 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices. Journal of Neuroscience. 1994;14(8):4613-4638. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04613.1994 apa: Major, G., Larkman, A., Jonas, P. M., Sakmann, B., & Jack, J. (1994). Detailed passive cable models of whole-cell recorded CA3 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices. Journal of Neuroscience. Society for Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04613.1994 chicago: Major, Guy, Alan Larkman, Peter M Jonas, Bert Sakmann, and Julian Jack. “Detailed Passive Cable Models of Whole-Cell Recorded CA3 Pyramidal Neurons in Rat Hippocampal Slices.” Journal of Neuroscience. Society for Neuroscience, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04613.1994. ieee: G. Major, A. Larkman, P. M. Jonas, B. Sakmann, and J. Jack, “Detailed passive cable models of whole-cell recorded CA3 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices,” Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 14, no. 8. Society for Neuroscience, pp. 4613–4638, 1994. ista: Major G, Larkman A, Jonas PM, Sakmann B, Jack J. 1994. Detailed passive cable models of whole-cell recorded CA3 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices. Journal of Neuroscience. 14(8), 4613–4638. mla: Major, Guy, et al. “Detailed Passive Cable Models of Whole-Cell Recorded CA3 Pyramidal Neurons in Rat Hippocampal Slices.” Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 14, no. 8, Society for Neuroscience, 1994, pp. 4613–38, doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04613.1994. short: G. Major, A. Larkman, P.M. Jonas, B. Sakmann, J. Jack, Journal of Neuroscience 14 (1994) 4613–4638. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:03:32Z date_published: 1994-08-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-03T09:36:43Z day: '01' doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04613.1994 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8046439 ' intvolume: ' 14' issue: '8' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://europepmc.org/article/med/8046439 month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 4613 - 4638 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Neuroscience publication_identifier: issn: - 0270-6474 publication_status: published publisher: Society for Neuroscience publist_id: '2911' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Detailed passive cable models of whole-cell recorded CA3 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 14 year: '1994' ... --- _id: '3642' abstract: - lang: eng text: We develop a general population genetic framework for analyzing selection on many loci, and apply it to strong truncation and disruptive selection on an additive polygenic trait. We first present statistical methods for analyzing the infinitesimal model, in which offspring breeding values are normally distributed around the mean of the parents, with fixed variance. These show that the usual assumption of a Gaussian distribution of breeding values in the population gives remarkably accurate predictions for the mean and the variance, even when disruptive selection generates substantial deviations from normality. We then set out a general genetic analysis of selection and recombination. The population is represented by multilocus cumulants describing the distribution of haploid genotypes, and selection is described by the relation between mean fitness and these cumulants. We provide exact recursions in terms of generating functions for the effects of selection on non-central moments. The effects of recombination are simply calculated as a weighted sum over all the permutations produced by meiosis. Finally, the new cumulants that describe the next generation are computed from the non-central moments. Although this scheme is applied here in detail only to selection on an additive trait, it is quite general. For arbitrary epistasis and linkage, we describe a consistent infinitesimal limit in which the short-term selection response is dominated by infinitesimal allele frequency changes and linkage disequilibria. Numerical multilocus results show that the standard Gaussian approximation gives accurate predictions for the dynamics of the mean and genetic variance in this limit. Even with intense truncation selection, linkage disequilibria of order three and higher never cause much deviation from normality. Thus, the empirical deviations frequently found between predicted and observed responses to artificial selection are not caused by linkage-disequilibrium-induced departures from normality. Disruptive selection can generate substantial four-way disequilibria, and hence kurtosis; but even then, the Gaussian assumption predicts the variance accurately. In contrast to the apparent simplicity of the infinitesimal limit, data suggest that changes in genetic variance after 10 or more generations of selection are likely to be dominated by allele frequency dynamics that depend on genetic details. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Michael full_name: Turelli, Michael last_name: Turelli - first_name: Nicholas H full_name: Barton, Nicholas H id: 4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Barton orcid: 0000-0002-8548-5240 citation: ama: 'Turelli M, Barton NH. Genetic and statistical analyses of strong selection on polygenic traits: What, me normal? Genetics. 1994;138(3):913-941. doi:10.1093/genetics/138.3.913' apa: 'Turelli, M., & Barton, N. H. (1994). Genetic and statistical analyses of strong selection on polygenic traits: What, me normal? Genetics. Genetics Society of America. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/138.3.913' chicago: 'Turelli, Michael, and Nicholas H Barton. “Genetic and Statistical Analyses of Strong Selection on Polygenic Traits: What, Me Normal?” Genetics. Genetics Society of America, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/138.3.913.' ieee: 'M. Turelli and N. H. Barton, “Genetic and statistical analyses of strong selection on polygenic traits: What, me normal?,” Genetics, vol. 138, no. 3. Genetics Society of America, pp. 913–941, 1994.' ista: 'Turelli M, Barton NH. 1994. Genetic and statistical analyses of strong selection on polygenic traits: What, me normal? Genetics. 138(3), 913–941.' mla: 'Turelli, Michael, and Nicholas H. Barton. “Genetic and Statistical Analyses of Strong Selection on Polygenic Traits: What, Me Normal?” Genetics, vol. 138, no. 3, Genetics Society of America, 1994, pp. 913–41, doi:10.1093/genetics/138.3.913.' short: M. Turelli, N.H. Barton, Genetics 138 (1994) 913–941. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:04:24Z date_published: 1994-11-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-03T08:18:54Z day: '01' doi: 10.1093/genetics/138.3.913 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '7851785' intvolume: ' 138' issue: '3' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7851785/ month: '11' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 913 - 941 pmid: 1 publication: Genetics publication_identifier: issn: - 0016-6731 publication_status: published publisher: Genetics Society of America publist_id: '2741' quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: 'Genetic and statistical analyses of strong selection on polygenic traits: What, me normal?' type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 138 year: '1994' ... --- _id: '4037' abstract: - lang: eng text: Frequently, data in scientific computing is in its abstract form a finite point set in space, and it is sometimes useful or required to compute what one might call the `'shape” of the set. For that purpose, this article introduces the formal notion of the family of alpha-shapes of a finite point set in R3. Each shape is a well-defined polytope, derived from the Delaunay triangulation of the point set, with a parameter alpha is-an-element-of R controlling the desired level of detail. An algorithm is presented that constructs the entire family of shapes for a given set of size n in time O(n2), worst case. A robust implementation of the algorithm is discussed, and several applications in the area of scientific computing are mentioned. acknowledgement: National Science Foundation under grant CCR-8921421 and Alan T. Waterman award, grant CCR-9118874. article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Herbert full_name: Edelsbrunner, Herbert id: 3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Edelsbrunner orcid: 0000-0002-9823-6833 - first_name: Ernst full_name: Mücke, Ernst last_name: Mücke citation: ama: Edelsbrunner H, Mücke E. Three-dimensional alpha shapes. ACM Transactions on Graphics. 1994;13(1):43-72. doi:10.1145/174462.156635 apa: Edelsbrunner, H., & Mücke, E. (1994). Three-dimensional alpha shapes. ACM Transactions on Graphics. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/174462.156635 chicago: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, and Ernst Mücke. “Three-Dimensional Alpha Shapes.” ACM Transactions on Graphics. ACM, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1145/174462.156635. ieee: H. Edelsbrunner and E. Mücke, “Three-dimensional alpha shapes,” ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 13, no. 1. ACM, pp. 43–72, 1994. ista: Edelsbrunner H, Mücke E. 1994. Three-dimensional alpha shapes. ACM Transactions on Graphics. 13(1), 43–72. mla: Edelsbrunner, Herbert, and Ernst Mücke. “Three-Dimensional Alpha Shapes.” ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 13, no. 1, ACM, 1994, pp. 43–72, doi:10.1145/174462.156635. short: H. Edelsbrunner, E. Mücke, ACM Transactions on Graphics 13 (1994) 43–72. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:06:34Z date_published: 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-02T12:00:42Z day: '01' doi: 10.1145/174462.156635 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 13' issue: '1' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/174462.156635 month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: None page: 43 - 72 publication: ACM Transactions on Graphics publication_status: published publisher: ACM publist_id: '2088' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Three-dimensional alpha shapes type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 13 year: '1994' ... --- _id: '4179' abstract: - lang: eng text: Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) is a member of the neurotrophin gene family and is highly expressed in the developing rat cerebellum. Here we show that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increased by approximately 10-fold the NT-3 mRNA levels in cultured cerebellar granule neurons isolated from postnatal rats, whereas nerve growth factor (NGF) and NT-3 itself had no effect. The effect of BDNF was additive to that of triiodothyronine (T3), which also increased NT-3 mRNA in these neurons. The drug K252a inhibited the BDNF-mediated stimulation of NT-3 expression, suggesting an involvement of trkB receptors. Nuclear run-on experiments showed that BDNF enhanced NT-3 transcription, whereas the stability of NT-3 mRNA remained unchanged. The data presented are the first demonstration that one neurotrophin regulates the expression of another and provide evidence that NT-3 production in granule neurons is regulated by both BDNF and T3. acknowledgement: We thank Dorothea Stratmann and Karin Angermayer for skillful technical assistance. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Axel full_name: Leingärtner, Axel last_name: Leingärtner - first_name: Carl-Philipp J full_name: Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J id: 39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Heisenberg orcid: 0000-0002-0912-4566 - first_name: Roland full_name: Kolbeck, Roland last_name: Kolbeck - first_name: Hans full_name: Thoenen, Hans last_name: Thoenen - first_name: Dan full_name: Lindholm, Dan last_name: Lindholm citation: ama: Leingärtner A, Heisenberg C-PJ, Kolbeck R, Thoenen H, Lindholm D. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor increases neurotrophin-3 expression in cerebellar granule neurons. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1994;269(2):828-830. doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42186-7 apa: Leingärtner, A., Heisenberg, C.-P. J., Kolbeck, R., Thoenen, H., & Lindholm, D. (1994). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor increases neurotrophin-3 expression in cerebellar granule neurons. Journal of Biological Chemistry. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42186-7 chicago: Leingärtner, Axel, Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg, Roland Kolbeck, Hans Thoenen, and Dan Lindholm. “Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Increases Neurotrophin-3 Expression in Cerebellar Granule Neurons.” Journal of Biological Chemistry. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42186-7. ieee: A. Leingärtner, C.-P. J. Heisenberg, R. Kolbeck, H. Thoenen, and D. Lindholm, “Brain-derived neurotrophic factor increases neurotrophin-3 expression in cerebellar granule neurons,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 269, no. 2. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, pp. 828–830, 1994. ista: Leingärtner A, Heisenberg C-PJ, Kolbeck R, Thoenen H, Lindholm D. 1994. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor increases neurotrophin-3 expression in cerebellar granule neurons. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269(2), 828–830. mla: Leingärtner, Axel, et al. “Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Increases Neurotrophin-3 Expression in Cerebellar Granule Neurons.” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 269, no. 2, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1994, pp. 828–30, doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42186-7. short: A. Leingärtner, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, R. Kolbeck, H. Thoenen, D. Lindholm, Journal of Biological Chemistry 269 (1994) 828–830. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:07:25Z date_published: 1994-01-14T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-02T10:23:48Z day: '14' doi: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42186-7 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 269' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021925817421867?via%3Dihub month: '01' oa: 1 oa_version: None page: 828 - 830 publication: Journal of Biological Chemistry publication_identifier: eissn: - 1083-351X issn: - 0021-9258 publication_status: published publisher: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology publist_id: '1941' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor increases neurotrophin-3 expression in cerebellar granule neurons type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 269 year: '1994' ... --- _id: '4501' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'We extend the specification language of temporal logic, the corresponding verification framework, and the underlying computational model to deal with real-;time properties of reactive systems. The abstract notion of timed transition systems generalizes traditional transition systems conservatively: qualitative fairness requirements are replaced (and superseded) by quantitative lower-bound and upper-bound timing constraints on transitions. This framework can model real-time systems that communicate either through shared variables or by message passing and real-time issues such as timeouts, process priorities (interrupts), and process scheduling. We exhibit two styles for the specification of real-time systems. While the first approach uses time-bounded versions of the temporal operators, the second approach allows explicit references to time through a special clock variable. Corresponding to the two styles of specification, we present and compare two different proof methodologies for the verification of timing requirements that are expressed in these styles. For the bounded-operator style, we provide a set of proof rules for establishing bounded-invariance and bounded-responce properties of timed transition systems. This approach generalizes the standard temporal proof rules for verifying invariance and response properties conservatively. For the explicit-clock style, we exploit the observation that every time-bounded property is a safety property and use the standard temporal proof rules for establishing safety properties.' acknowledgement: 'This research was supported in part by an IBM graduate fellowship, by the National Science Foundation under Grants CCR-9223226 and CCR-9200794. by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under Contract N00039-84-C-0211. by the United States Air Force OMee of Scientific Research under Contracts F49620-93-141139 and F4962043-1-0056. and by the European Community ESPRIT Basic Research Action Project 6021 (REACT). A preliminary version of Part 1 of this paper appeared in the proceedings of the 1991 REX Workshop on Real Time Theory In Prate [HMP92a I a preliminary version of Part II appeared in the proceedings of the 1991 ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages RIMP911. ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Thomas A full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Henzinger orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724 - first_name: Zohar full_name: Manna, Zohar last_name: Manna - first_name: Amir full_name: Pnueli, Amir last_name: Pnueli citation: ama: Henzinger TA, Manna Z, Pnueli A. Temporal proof methodologies for timed transition systems. Information and Computation. 1994;112(2):273-337. doi:10.1006/inco.1994.1060 apa: Henzinger, T. A., Manna, Z., & Pnueli, A. (1994). Temporal proof methodologies for timed transition systems. Information and Computation. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1994.1060 chicago: Henzinger, Thomas A, Zohar Manna, and Amir Pnueli. “Temporal Proof Methodologies for Timed Transition Systems.” Information and Computation. Elsevier, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1006/inco.1994.1060. ieee: T. A. Henzinger, Z. Manna, and A. Pnueli, “Temporal proof methodologies for timed transition systems,” Information and Computation, vol. 112, no. 2. Elsevier, pp. 273–337, 1994. ista: Henzinger TA, Manna Z, Pnueli A. 1994. Temporal proof methodologies for timed transition systems. Information and Computation. 112(2), 273–337. mla: Henzinger, Thomas A., et al. “Temporal Proof Methodologies for Timed Transition Systems.” Information and Computation, vol. 112, no. 2, Elsevier, 1994, pp. 273–337, doi:10.1006/inco.1994.1060. short: T.A. Henzinger, Z. Manna, A. Pnueli, Information and Computation 112 (1994) 273–337. date_created: 2018-12-11T12:09:10Z date_published: 1994-08-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-06-02T09:24:58Z day: '01' doi: 10.1006/inco.1994.1060 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 112' issue: '2' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890540184710601?via%3Dihub month: '08' oa: 1 oa_version: None page: 273 - 337 publication: Information and Computation publication_identifier: issn: - 0890-5401 publication_status: published publisher: Elsevier publist_id: '227' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Temporal proof methodologies for timed transition systems type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 112 year: '1994' ... --- _id: '2536' abstract: - lang: eng text: A cDNA clone for a new metabotropic glutamate receptor, termed mGluR6, was isolated from a rat retinal cDNA library by cross-hybridization with the previously isolated cDNA clone for a metabotropic glutamate receptor. The cloned mGluR6 subtype consists of 871 amino acid residues and exhibits a structural architecture common to the metabotropic receptor family, possessing a large extracellular domain preceding the seven putative membrane-spanning domains. mGluR6 shows the highest sequence similarity to mGluR4 among the metabotropic receptor subtypes and inhibits the forskolin- stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the cloned cDNA. mGluR6 potently reacts with L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate (L-AP4) and L-serine-O-phosphate, and the potencies of these compounds are one order of magnitude greater than that of L-glutamate. Blot and in situ hybridization analyses indicated that mGluR6 mRNA is restrictedly expressed in the inner nuclear layer of the retina where ON- bipolar cells are distributed. The metabotropic receptor that responds strongly to L-AP4 and L-serine-O-phosphate in ON-bipolar cells is known to mediate glutamate synaptic transmission between photoreceptor cells and ON- bipolar cells. On the basis of the agonist selectivity of mGluR6 and its specific expression in retinal cells, the physiological role of this receptor subtype in the visual system is discussed. acknowledgement: "This work was supported in part by research grants from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Yamanouchi Foundation for Research on Metabolic Disorders, the Uehara Memorial Foundation, and the Inamori Foundation. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. \r\n\r\nWe are grateful to Akira Uesugi for photographic assistance." article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Yoshiaki full_name: Nakajima, Yoshiaki last_name: Nakajima - first_name: Hideki full_name: Iwakabe, Hideki last_name: Iwakabe - first_name: Chihiro full_name: Akazawa, Chihiro last_name: Akazawa - first_name: Hiroyuki full_name: Nawa, Hiroyuki last_name: Nawa - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi citation: ama: Nakajima Y, Iwakabe H, Akazawa C, et al. Molecular characterization of a novel retinal metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity for L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1993;268(16):11868-11873. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0 apa: Nakajima, Y., Iwakabe, H., Akazawa, C., Nawa, H., Shigemoto, R., Mizuno, N., & Nakanishi, S. (1993). Molecular characterization of a novel retinal metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity for L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate. Journal of Biological Chemistry. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0 chicago: Nakajima, Yoshiaki, Hideki Iwakabe, Chihiro Akazawa, Hiroyuki Nawa, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Noboru Mizuno, and Shigetada Nakanishi. “Molecular Characterization of a Novel Retinal Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor MGluR6 with a High Agonist Selectivity for L-2-Amino-4- Phosphonobutyrate.” Journal of Biological Chemistry. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0. ieee: Y. Nakajima et al., “Molecular characterization of a novel retinal metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity for L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 268, no. 16. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, pp. 11868–11873, 1993. ista: Nakajima Y, Iwakabe H, Akazawa C, Nawa H, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S. 1993. Molecular characterization of a novel retinal metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity for L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 268(16), 11868–11873. mla: Nakajima, Yoshiaki, et al. “Molecular Characterization of a Novel Retinal Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor MGluR6 with a High Agonist Selectivity for L-2-Amino-4- Phosphonobutyrate.” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 268, no. 16, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1993, pp. 11868–73, doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0. short: Y. Nakajima, H. Iwakabe, C. Akazawa, H. Nawa, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, S. Nakanishi, Journal of Biological Chemistry 268 (1993) 11868–11873. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:15Z date_published: 1993-06-05T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-04-26T06:56:15Z day: '05' doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8389366' intvolume: ' 268' issue: '16' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50280-0 month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 11868 - 11873 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Biological Chemistry publication_identifier: issn: - 0021-9258 publication_status: published publisher: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology publist_id: '4362' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Molecular characterization of a novel retinal metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR6 with a high agonist selectivity for L-2-amino-4- phosphonobutyrate type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 268 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '2537' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'The metabotropic glutamate receptors are coupled to intracellular signal transduction via G-proteins and consist of a family of at least five different subtypes, termed mGluR1-mGluR5. We studied the signal transduction mechanism and pharmacological characteristics of the rat mGluR3 and mGluR4 subtypes in Chinese hamster ovary cells permanently expressing the cloned receptors. Both mGluR3 and mGluR4 inhibit the forskolin-stimulated accumulation of intracellular cAMP formation in response to agonist interaction. Consistent with the high degree of sequence similarity to mGluR2, mGluR3 closely resembles mGluR2 in its agonist selectivity; the potency rank order of agonists is L-glutamate > trans-1-aminocyclopentane- 1,3-dicarboxylate > ibotenate > quisqualate. mGluR4 is totally different in its agonist specificity from any other member of the metabotropic receptors. This receptor potently reacts with L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate(L-AP4) in a stereo-selective manner and moderately responds to L-serine-O-phosphate. mGluR4 thus corresponds well to the putative L-AP4 receptor characterized from brain preparations. Blot and in situ hybridization analyses indicated that both mRNAs are widely distributed in the rat brain. mGluR3 mRNA is highly expressed in neuronal cells of the cerebral cortex and the caudate- putamen, and in granule cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. The expression pattern of mGluR4 mRNA is more restricted, and this expression is prominent in the cerebellum, olfactory bulb, and thalamus. Furthermore, the mGluR3 mRNA, unlike the other mRNAs for the metabotropic receptors, is highly expressed in glial cells throughout the brain regions. The metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes can thus be classified into three subgroups according to the similarity in their amino acid sequences, signal transduction, and agonist selectivity: mGluR1/mGluR5, mGluR2/mGluR3, and mGluR4. The mRNAs for the individual receptor subtypes, however, show overlapping but distinct patterns of expression in the rat CNS.' acknowledgement: 'We are grateful to Mr. Akira Uesugi for photographic assistance. This work was supported in part by research grants from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, the Uehara Memorial Foundation, and the Semi Life Science Foundation. ' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Yasuto full_name: Tanabe, Yasuto last_name: Tanabe - first_name: Akinori full_name: Nomura, Akinori last_name: Nomura - first_name: Masayuki full_name: Masu, Masayuki last_name: Masu - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi citation: ama: Tanabe Y, Nomura A, Masu M, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S. Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4. Journal of Neuroscience. 1993;13(4):1372-1378. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993 apa: Tanabe, Y., Nomura, A., Masu, M., Shigemoto, R., Mizuno, N., & Nakanishi, S. (1993). Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4. Journal of Neuroscience. Society for Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993 chicago: Tanabe, Yasuto, Akinori Nomura, Masayuki Masu, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Noboru Mizuno, and Shigetada Nakanishi. “Signal Transduction, Pharmacological Properties, and Expression Patterns of Two Rat Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, MGluR3 and MGluR4.” Journal of Neuroscience. Society for Neuroscience, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993. ieee: Y. Tanabe, A. Nomura, M. Masu, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, and S. Nakanishi, “Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4,” Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 13, no. 4. Society for Neuroscience, pp. 1372–1378, 1993. ista: Tanabe Y, Nomura A, Masu M, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S. 1993. Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4. Journal of Neuroscience. 13(4), 1372–1378. mla: Tanabe, Yasuto, et al. “Signal Transduction, Pharmacological Properties, and Expression Patterns of Two Rat Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, MGluR3 and MGluR4.” Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 13, no. 4, Society for Neuroscience, 1993, pp. 1372–78, doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993. short: Y. Tanabe, A. Nomura, M. Masu, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, S. Nakanishi, Journal of Neuroscience 13 (1993) 1372–1378. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:15Z date_published: 1993-04-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-31T14:49:42Z day: '01' doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01372.1993 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8463825' intvolume: ' 13' issue: '4' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8463825/ month: '04' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 1372 - 1378 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Neuroscience publication_identifier: issn: - 0270-6474 publication_status: published publisher: Society for Neuroscience publist_id: '4361' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Signal transduction, pharmacological properties, and expression patterns of two rat metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR3 and mGluR4 type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 13 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '2538' abstract: - lang: eng text: Rat mRNAs encoding two subtypes of the endothelin (ET) receptor (ET(A) and ET(B)) were studied in the rat ovary and fallopian tube by means of Northern blotting and in situ hybridization. The mRNA transcripts for the endothelin- 1-specific type receptor (ET(A)) in pooled RNA from the ovary and fallopian tube were 4.2 and 5.2 kilonucleotides, and that for the nonselective type receptor (ET(B)) was 4.7 kilonucleotides; these were similar to transcripts for endothelin receptors from other tissues. ET(A) mRNA expression was abundant in the muscle cell layer of the fallopian tube, but low in the ovary. On the other hand, ET(B) mRNA was abundant in the granulosa cells in the developing follicles, but low in atretic follicles and absent in the fallopian tube. These results demonstrated that the mRNAs for the two subtypes of the rat endothelin receptor have different expression profiles in the ovary and fallopian tube. ETs may mainly affect the granulosa cells in the dominant follicles as well as the muscle cells of the fallopian tube through ET(B) and ET(A), respectively. acknowledgement: We thank Ms. Fumiko Kosaka for her excellent technical assistance. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Masazumi full_name: Iwai, Masazumi last_name: Iwai - first_name: Seiji full_name: Hori, Seiji last_name: Hori - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Hideharu full_name: Kanzaki, Hideharu last_name: Kanzaki - first_name: Takahide full_name: Mori, Takahide last_name: Mori - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi citation: ama: Iwai M, Hori S, Shigemoto R, Kanzaki H, Mori T, Nakanishi S. Localization of endothelin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat ovary and fallopian tube by in situ hybridization. Biology of Reproduction. 1993;49(4):675-680. doi:10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675 apa: Iwai, M., Hori, S., Shigemoto, R., Kanzaki, H., Mori, T., & Nakanishi, S. (1993). Localization of endothelin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat ovary and fallopian tube by in situ hybridization. Biology of Reproduction. Society for the Study of Reproduction. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675 chicago: Iwai, Masazumi, Seiji Hori, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Hideharu Kanzaki, Takahide Mori, and Shigetada Nakanishi. “Localization of Endothelin Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Rat Ovary and Fallopian Tube by in Situ Hybridization.” Biology of Reproduction. Society for the Study of Reproduction, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675. ieee: M. Iwai, S. Hori, R. Shigemoto, H. Kanzaki, T. Mori, and S. Nakanishi, “Localization of endothelin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat ovary and fallopian tube by in situ hybridization,” Biology of Reproduction, vol. 49, no. 4. Society for the Study of Reproduction, pp. 675–680, 1993. ista: Iwai M, Hori S, Shigemoto R, Kanzaki H, Mori T, Nakanishi S. 1993. Localization of endothelin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat ovary and fallopian tube by in situ hybridization. Biology of Reproduction. 49(4), 675–680. mla: Iwai, Masazumi, et al. “Localization of Endothelin Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Rat Ovary and Fallopian Tube by in Situ Hybridization.” Biology of Reproduction, vol. 49, no. 4, Society for the Study of Reproduction, 1993, pp. 675–80, doi:10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675. short: M. Iwai, S. Hori, R. Shigemoto, H. Kanzaki, T. Mori, S. Nakanishi, Biology of Reproduction 49 (1993) 675–680. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:16Z date_published: 1993-10-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-31T12:32:51Z day: '01' doi: 10.1095/biolreprod49.4.675 extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8218631' intvolume: ' 49' issue: '4' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://academic.oup.com/biolreprod/article/49/4/675/2762375?login=true month: '10' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 675 - 680 pmid: 1 publication: Biology of Reproduction publication_identifier: issn: - 0006-3363 publication_status: published publisher: Society for the Study of Reproduction publist_id: '4359' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Localization of endothelin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat ovary and fallopian tube by in situ hybridization type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 49 year: '1993' ... --- _id: '2539' abstract: - lang: eng text: cDNA clones for four different N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits (NMDAR2A-NMDAR2D) were isolated through polymerase chain reactions followed by molecular screening of a rat brain cDNA library. These subunits are only about 15% identical with the key subunit of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR1) but are highly homologous (~50% homology) with one another. They also commonly possess large hydrophilic domains at both amino- and carboxyl- terminal sides of the four putative transmembrane segments. NMDAR2A and NMDAR2C expressed individually in Xenopus oocytes showed no electrophysiological response to agonists. However, these subunits in combined expression with NMDAR1 markedly potentiated the NMDAR1 activity and produced functional variability in the affinity of agonists, the effectiveness of antagonists, and the sensitivity to Mg2+ blockade. Thus, NMDAR1 is essential for the function of the NMDA receptor, and multiple NMDAR2 subunits potentiate and differentiate the function of the NMDA receptor by forming different heteromeric configurations with NMDAR1. Northern blotting and in situ hybridization analyses revealed that the expressions of individual mRNAs for the NMDAR2 subunits overlap in some brain regions but are also specialized in many other regions. This investigation demonstrates the anatomical and functional differences of the NMDAR2 subunits, which provide the molecular basis for the functional diversity of the NMDA receptor. acknowledgement: This work was supported in part by research grants from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, the Senri Life Science Foundation, and Yamanouchi Foundation for Research on Metabolic Disorders. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “aduertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Takahiro full_name: Ishii, Takahiro last_name: Ishii - first_name: Koki full_name: Moriyoshi, Koki last_name: Moriyoshi - first_name: Hidemitsu full_name: Sugihara, Hidemitsu last_name: Sugihara - first_name: Kazuhir full_name: Sakurada, Kazuhir last_name: Sakurada - first_name: Hiroshi full_name: Kadotani, Hiroshi last_name: Kadotani - first_name: Mineto full_name: Yokoi, Mineto last_name: Yokoi - first_name: Chihiro full_name: Akazawa, Chihiro last_name: Akazawa - first_name: Ryuichi full_name: Shigemoto, Ryuichi id: 499F3ABC-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 last_name: Shigemoto orcid: 0000-0001-8761-9444 - first_name: Noboru full_name: Mizuno, Noboru last_name: Mizuno - first_name: Masayuki full_name: Masu, Masayuki last_name: Masu - first_name: Shigetada full_name: Nakanishi, Shigetada last_name: Nakanishi citation: ama: Ishii T, Moriyoshi K, Sugihara H, et al. Molecular characterization of the family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1993;268(4):2836-2843. doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7 apa: Ishii, T., Moriyoshi, K., Sugihara, H., Sakurada, K., Kadotani, H., Yokoi, M., … Nakanishi, S. (1993). Molecular characterization of the family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits. Journal of Biological Chemistry. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7 chicago: Ishii, Takahiro, Koki Moriyoshi, Hidemitsu Sugihara, Kazuhir Sakurada, Hiroshi Kadotani, Mineto Yokoi, Chihiro Akazawa, et al. “Molecular Characterization of the Family of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunits.” Journal of Biological Chemistry. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7 . ieee: T. Ishii et al., “Molecular characterization of the family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 268, no. 4. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, pp. 2836–2843, 1993. ista: Ishii T, Moriyoshi K, Sugihara H, Sakurada K, Kadotani H, Yokoi M, Akazawa C, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Masu M, Nakanishi S. 1993. Molecular characterization of the family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 268(4), 2836–2843. mla: Ishii, Takahiro, et al. “Molecular Characterization of the Family of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunits.” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 268, no. 4, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1993, pp. 2836–43, doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7 . short: T. Ishii, K. Moriyoshi, H. Sugihara, K. Sakurada, H. Kadotani, M. Yokoi, C. Akazawa, R. Shigemoto, N. Mizuno, M. Masu, S. Nakanishi, Journal of Biological Chemistry 268 (1993) 2836–2843. date_created: 2018-12-11T11:58:16Z date_published: 1993-02-05T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-03-31T14:29:17Z day: '05' doi: '10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53849-7 ' extern: '1' external_id: pmid: - '8428958' intvolume: ' 268' issue: '4' language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(18)53849-7/fulltext month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version page: 2836 - 2843 pmid: 1 publication: Journal of Biological Chemistry publication_identifier: issn: - 0021-9258 publication_status: published publisher: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology publist_id: '4360' quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Molecular characterization of the family of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits type: journal_article user_id: ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17 volume: 268 year: '1993' ...