[{"article_type":"original","month":"12","date_published":"1996-12-01T00:00:00Z","publication_status":"published","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","date_updated":"2022-08-08T08:06:12Z","publist_id":"1954","publisher":"Company of Biologists","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/123/1/103/39325/Mutations-affecting-the-formation-of-the-notochord"}],"scopus_import":"1","day":"01","volume":123,"title":"Mutations affecting the formation of the notochord in the zebrafish, Danio rerio","status":"public","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:07:21Z","oa_version":"Published Version","publication":"Development","_id":"4166","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"No","issue":"1","author":[{"full_name":"Odenthal, Jörg","last_name":"Odenthal","first_name":"Jörg"},{"first_name":"Pascal","last_name":"Haffter","full_name":"Haffter, Pascal"},{"last_name":"Vogelsang","first_name":"Elisabeth","full_name":"Vogelsang, Elisabeth"},{"last_name":"Brand","first_name":"Michael","full_name":"Brand, Michael"},{"full_name":"Van Eeden, Fredericus","first_name":"Fredericus","last_name":"Van Eeden"},{"last_name":"Furutani Seiki","first_name":"Makoto","full_name":"Furutani Seiki, Makoto"},{"full_name":"Granato, Michael","last_name":"Granato","first_name":"Michael"},{"last_name":"Hammerschmidt","first_name":"Matthias","full_name":"Hammerschmidt, Matthias"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-0912-4566","full_name":"Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J","last_name":"Heisenberg","id":"39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Carl-Philipp J"},{"full_name":"Jiang, Yunjin","first_name":"Yunjin","last_name":"Jiang"},{"full_name":"Kane, Donald","first_name":"Donald","last_name":"Kane"},{"full_name":"Kelsh, Robert","last_name":"Kelsh","first_name":"Robert"},{"first_name":"Mary","last_name":"Mullins","full_name":"Mullins, Mary"},{"full_name":"Warga, Rachel","last_name":"Warga","first_name":"Rachel"},{"full_name":"Allende, Miguel","last_name":"Allende","first_name":"Miguel"},{"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Weinberg","full_name":"Weinberg, Eric"},{"full_name":"Nüsslein Volhard, Christiane","first_name":"Christiane","last_name":"Nüsslein Volhard"}],"abstract":[{"text":"In a large scale screen for mutants with defects in the embryonic development of the zebrafish we identified mutations in four genes, floating head (flh), memo (mom), no tail (ntl), and dec, that are required for early notochord formation. Mutations in flh and ntl have been described previously, while mom and doe are newly identified genes. Mutant mom embryos lack a notochord in the trunk, and trunk somites from the right and left side of the embryo fuse underneath the neural tube. In this respect morn appears similar to flh. In contrast, notochord precursor cells are present in both ntl and doc embryos. In order to gain a greater understanding of the phenotypes, we have analysed the expression of several axial mesoderm markers in mutant embryos of all four genes. In flh and mom, Ntl expression is normal in the germ ring and tailbud, while the expression of Nd and other notochord markers in the axial mesodermal region is disrupted. Nd expression is normal in doc embryos until early semitic stages, when there is a reduction in expression which is first seen in anterior regions of the embryo. This suggests a function for doc in the maintenance of ntl expression. Other notochord markers such as twist, sonic hedgehog and axial are not expressed in the axial mesoderm of ntl embryos, their expression parallels the expression of ntl in the axial mesoderm of mutant doc,flh and mom embryos, indicating that ntl is required for the expression of these markers. The role of doc in the expression of the notochord markers appears indirect via ntl. Floor plate formation is disrupted in most regions in flh and mom mutant embryos but is present in mutant ntl and doc embryos. In mutant embryos with strong ntl alleles the band of cells expressing floor plate markers is broadened. A similar broadening is also observed in the axial mesoderm underlying the floor plate of ntl embryos, suggesting a direct involvement of the notochord precursor cells in floor plate induction. Mutations in al of these four genes result in embryos lacking a horizontal myoseptum and muscle pioneer cells, both of which are thought to be induced by the notochord. These somite defects can be traced back to an impairment of the specification of the adaxial cells during early stages of development. Transplantation of wild-type cells into mutant doc embryos reveals that wild-type notochord cells are sufficient to induce horizontal myoseptum formation in the flanking mutant tissue. Thus dec, like flh and ntl, acts cell autonomously in the notochord. In addition to the four mutants with defects in early notochord formation, we have isolated 84 mutants, defining at least 15 genes, with defects in later stages of notochord development. These are listed in an appendix to this study.","lang":"eng"}],"oa":1,"page":"103 - 115","external_id":{"pmid":["9007233"]},"year":"1996","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0950-1991"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"intvolume":" 123","pmid":1,"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"ama":"Odenthal J, Haffter P, Vogelsang E, et al. Mutations affecting the formation of the notochord in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Development. 1996;123(1):103-115. doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.103","short":"J. Odenthal, P. Haffter, E. Vogelsang, M. Brand, F. Van Eeden, M. Furutani Seiki, M. Granato, M. Hammerschmidt, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, Y. Jiang, D. Kane, R. Kelsh, M. Mullins, R. Warga, M. Allende, E. Weinberg, C. Nüsslein Volhard, Development 123 (1996) 103–115.","chicago":"Odenthal, Jörg, Pascal Haffter, Elisabeth Vogelsang, Michael Brand, Fredericus Van Eeden, Makoto Furutani Seiki, Michael Granato, et al. “Mutations Affecting the Formation of the Notochord in the Zebrafish, Danio Rerio.” Development. Company of Biologists, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.103.","apa":"Odenthal, J., Haffter, P., Vogelsang, E., Brand, M., Van Eeden, F., Furutani Seiki, M., … Nüsslein Volhard, C. (1996). Mutations affecting the formation of the notochord in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Development. Company of Biologists. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.103","mla":"Odenthal, Jörg, et al. “Mutations Affecting the Formation of the Notochord in the Zebrafish, Danio Rerio.” Development, vol. 123, no. 1, Company of Biologists, 1996, pp. 103–15, doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.103.","ieee":"J. Odenthal et al., “Mutations affecting the formation of the notochord in the zebrafish, Danio rerio,” Development, vol. 123, no. 1. Company of Biologists, pp. 103–115, 1996.","ista":"Odenthal J, Haffter P, Vogelsang E, Brand M, Van Eeden F, Furutani Seiki M, Granato M, Hammerschmidt M, Heisenberg C-PJ, Jiang Y, Kane D, Kelsh R, Mullins M, Warga R, Allende M, Weinberg E, Nüsslein Volhard C. 1996. Mutations affecting the formation of the notochord in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Development. 123(1), 103–115."},"doi":"10.1242/dev.123.1.103","extern":"1","acknowledgement":"We thank Bob Riggleman for providing the twist probe prior to publication, William Talbot, Anne Melby, Marnie Halpern and Chuck Kimmel for communicating results prior to publication, Bill Trevarrow for the flhn1 allele, Stefan Schulte-Merker for providing the ntl antibody, and N. H. Patel for providing the Eng antibody (4D9). We thank Klaus Trummler, Frank Uhlmann and Mathias Metz for assistance in the analysis of the ntl alleles, Silke Rudolph for technical assistance, Heike Schauerte for helping with the in situ hybridization, and Joel Wilson and Cornelia Fricke for their help with the fish work, and finally Tanya Whitfield, Francisco Pelegri, Darren Gilmour and Stefan Schulte-Merker for discussion and help with the manuscript."},{"pmid":1,"intvolume":" 123","year":"1996","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0950-1991"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank Chris Simpson and Colleen Boggs for excellent technical help. We thank Mark C. Fishman for the advice and providing fish for complementation; Bernadette Fouquet, Kerri S. Warren and Brant M. Weinstein for critically reading the manuscript. JNC is supported in part by NIH grant RO1-HL49579 to Mark C. Fishman.","doi":"10.1242/dev.123.1.293","citation":{"ama":"Chen J, Haffter P, Odenthal J, et al. Mutations affecting the cardiovascular system and other internal organs in zebrafish. Development. 1996;123:293-302. doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.293","ieee":"J. Chen et al., “Mutations affecting the cardiovascular system and other internal organs in zebrafish,” Development, vol. 123. Company of Biologists, pp. 293–302, 1996.","ista":"Chen J, Haffter P, Odenthal J, Vogelsang E, Brand M, Van Eeden F, Furutani Seiki M, Granato M, Hammerschmidt M, Heisenberg C-PJ, Jiang Y, Kane D, Kelsh R, Mullins M, Nüsslein Volhard C. 1996. Mutations affecting the cardiovascular system and other internal organs in zebrafish. Development. 123, 293–302.","mla":"Chen, Jaunian, et al. “Mutations Affecting the Cardiovascular System and Other Internal Organs in Zebrafish.” Development, vol. 123, Company of Biologists, 1996, pp. 293–302, doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.293.","apa":"Chen, J., Haffter, P., Odenthal, J., Vogelsang, E., Brand, M., Van Eeden, F., … Nüsslein Volhard, C. (1996). Mutations affecting the cardiovascular system and other internal organs in zebrafish. Development. Company of Biologists. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.293","short":"J. Chen, P. Haffter, J. Odenthal, E. Vogelsang, M. Brand, F. Van Eeden, M. Furutani Seiki, M. Granato, M. Hammerschmidt, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, Y. Jiang, D. Kane, R. Kelsh, M. Mullins, C. Nüsslein Volhard, Development 123 (1996) 293–302.","chicago":"Chen, Jaunian, Pascal Haffter, Jörg Odenthal, Elisabeth Vogelsang, Michael Brand, Fredericus Van Eeden, Makoto Furutani Seiki, et al. “Mutations Affecting the Cardiovascular System and Other Internal Organs in Zebrafish.” Development. Company of Biologists, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.293."},"quality_controlled":"1","extern":"1","oa":1,"abstract":[{"text":"In a screen for early developmental mutants of the zebrafish, we have identified mutations specifically affecting the internal organs, We identified 53 mutations affecting the cardiovascular system, Nine of them affect specific landmarks of heart morphogenesis. Mutations in four genes cause a failure in the fusion of the bilateral heart primordia, resulting in cardia bifida. In lonely atrium, no heart venticle is visible and the atrium is directly fused to the outflow tract. In the overlooped mutant, the relative position of the two heart chambers is distorted, The heart is enormously enlarged in the santa mutant, In two mutants, scotch tape and superglue, the cardiac jelly between the two layers of the heart is significantly reduced, We also identified a number of mutations affecting the function of the heart, The mutations affecting heart function can be subdivided into two groups, one affecting heart contraction and another affecting the rhythm of the heart beat. Among the contractility group of mutants are 5 with no heart beat at all and 15 with a reduced heart beat of one or both chambers, 6 mutations are in the rhythmicity group and specifically affect the beating pattern of the heart, Mutations in two genes, bypass and kurzschluss, cause specific defects in the circulatory system, In addition to the heart mutants, we identified 23 mutations affecting the integrity of the liver, the intestine or the kidney, In this report, we demonstrate that it is feasible to screen for genes specific for the patterning or function of certain internal organs in the zebrafish, The mutations presented here could serve as an entrypoint to the establishment of a genetic hierarchy underlying organogenesis.","lang":"eng"}],"page":"293 - 302","external_id":{"pmid":["9007249"]},"title":"Mutations affecting the cardiovascular system and other internal organs in zebrafish","volume":123,"status":"public","day":"01","author":[{"full_name":"Chen, Jaunian","last_name":"Chen","first_name":"Jaunian"},{"full_name":"Haffter, Pascal","first_name":"Pascal","last_name":"Haffter"},{"first_name":"Jörg","last_name":"Odenthal","full_name":"Odenthal, Jörg"},{"first_name":"Elisabeth","last_name":"Vogelsang","full_name":"Vogelsang, Elisabeth"},{"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Brand","full_name":"Brand, Michael"},{"full_name":"Van Eeden, Fredericus","first_name":"Fredericus","last_name":"Van Eeden"},{"last_name":"Furutani Seiki","first_name":"Makoto","full_name":"Furutani Seiki, Makoto"},{"full_name":"Granato, Michael","last_name":"Granato","first_name":"Michael"},{"full_name":"Hammerschmidt, Matthias","last_name":"Hammerschmidt","first_name":"Matthias"},{"full_name":"Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J","orcid":"0000-0002-0912-4566","id":"39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Carl-Philipp J","last_name":"Heisenberg"},{"first_name":"Yunjin","last_name":"Jiang","full_name":"Jiang, Yunjin"},{"first_name":"Donald","last_name":"Kane","full_name":"Kane, Donald"},{"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Kelsh","full_name":"Kelsh, Robert"},{"last_name":"Mullins","first_name":"Mary","full_name":"Mullins, Mary"},{"last_name":"Nüsslein Volhard","first_name":"Christiane","full_name":"Nüsslein Volhard, Christiane"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:07:38Z","_id":"4215","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"No","publication":"Development","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Company of Biologists","date_updated":"2022-08-04T13:11:56Z","publist_id":"1902","month":"12","date_published":"1996-12-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/123/1/293/39344/Mutations-affecting-the-cardiovascular-system-and","open_access":"1"}]},{"external_id":{"pmid":["9007235 "]},"page":"129 - 142","oa":1,"abstract":[{"text":"Tissues of the dorsal midline of vertebrate embryos, such as notochord and floor plate, have been implicated in inductive interactions that pattern the neural tube and somites. In our screen for embryonic visible mutations in the zebrafish we found 113 mutations in more than 27 genes with altered body shape, often with additional defects in CNS development. We concentrated on a subgroup of mutations in ten genes (the midline-group) that cause defective development of the floor plate. By using floor plate markers, such as the signaling molecule sonic hedgehog, we show that the schmalspur (sur) gene is needed for early floor plate development, similar to one-eyed-pinhead (oep) and the previously described cyclops (eye) gene. In contrast to oep and cyc, sur embryos show deletions of ventral CNS tissue restricted to the mid- and hindbrain, whereas the forebrain appears largely unaffected. In the underlying mesendodermal tissue of the head, sur is needed only for development of the posterior prechordal plate, whereas oep and eye are required for both anterior and posterior prechordal plate development. Our analysis of sur mutants suggests that defects within the posterior prechordal plate may cause aberrant development of ventral CNS structures in the mid- and hindbrain. Later development of the floor plate is affected in mutant chameleon, you-too, sonic-you, iguana, detour, schmalkars and monorail embryos; these mutants often show additional defects in tissues that are known to depend on signals from notochord and floor plate, For example, sur, con, and yot mutants show reduction of motor neurons; median deletions of brain tissue are seen in sur, con and yot embryos; and eye, con, yet, igu and dtr mutants often show no or abnormal formation of the optic chiasm. We also find fusions of the ventral neurocranium for all midline mutants tested, which may reveal a hitherto unrecognized function of the midline in influencing differentiation of neural crest cells at their destination. As a working hypothesis, we propose that midline-group genes may act to maintain proper structure and inductive function of zebrafish midline tissues.","lang":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"We would like to thank our colleagues in the zebrafish community for generously sharing antibodies and probes, in particular PhilIngham, Stefan Krauss and Vladimir Korzh, as well as Tom Jessel, Trevor Jowett, Anders Molven, Eric Weinberg and Monte Westerfield. M. B. thanks Steve Wilson for comments on the manuscript, his colleagues at the institute for numerous discussions, Inge Zimmermann for patient sectioning, and Silke Hein for help during the final\r\nstages of this work. M. B. was supported by a Helmholtz stipend of the BMFT.","extern":"1","doi":"10.1242/dev.123.1.129 ","citation":{"ieee":"M. Brand et al., “Mutations affecting development of the midline and general body shape during zebrafish embryogenesis,” Development, vol. 123, no. 1. Company of Biologists, pp. 129–142, 1996.","ista":"Brand M, Heisenberg C-PJ, Warga R, Pelegri F, Karlstrom R, Beuchle D, Picker A, Jiang Y, Furutani Seiki M, Van Eeden F, Granato M, Haffter P, Hammerschmidt M, Kane D, Kelsh R, Mullins M, Odenthal J, Nüsslein Volhard C. 1996. Mutations affecting development of the midline and general body shape during zebrafish embryogenesis. Development. 123(1), 129–142.","mla":"Brand, Michael, et al. “Mutations Affecting Development of the Midline and General Body Shape during Zebrafish Embryogenesis.” Development, vol. 123, no. 1, Company of Biologists, 1996, pp. 129–42, doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.129 .","apa":"Brand, M., Heisenberg, C.-P. J., Warga, R., Pelegri, F., Karlstrom, R., Beuchle, D., … Nüsslein Volhard, C. (1996). Mutations affecting development of the midline and general body shape during zebrafish embryogenesis. Development. Company of Biologists. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.129 ","chicago":"Brand, Michael, Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg, Rachel Warga, Francisco Pelegri, Rolf Karlstrom, Dirk Beuchle, Alexander Picker, et al. “Mutations Affecting Development of the Midline and General Body Shape during Zebrafish Embryogenesis.” Development. Company of Biologists, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.129 .","short":"M. Brand, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, R. Warga, F. Pelegri, R. Karlstrom, D. Beuchle, A. Picker, Y. Jiang, M. Furutani Seiki, F. Van Eeden, M. Granato, P. Haffter, M. Hammerschmidt, D. Kane, R. Kelsh, M. Mullins, J. Odenthal, C. Nüsslein Volhard, Development 123 (1996) 129–142.","ama":"Brand M, Heisenberg C-PJ, Warga R, et al. Mutations affecting development of the midline and general body shape during zebrafish embryogenesis. Development. 1996;123(1):129-142. doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.129 "},"quality_controlled":"1","pmid":1,"intvolume":" 123","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0950-1991"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"1996","scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/123/1/129/39318/Mutations-affecting-development-of-the-midline-and"}],"publisher":"Company of Biologists","publist_id":"1900","date_updated":"2022-08-04T12:55:13Z","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","publication_status":"published","date_published":"1996-12-01T00:00:00Z","month":"12","article_type":"original","author":[{"full_name":"Brand, Michael","last_name":"Brand","first_name":"Michael"},{"id":"39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Carl-Philipp J","last_name":"Heisenberg","orcid":"0000-0002-0912-4566","full_name":"Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J"},{"full_name":"Warga, Rachel","first_name":"Rachel","last_name":"Warga"},{"full_name":"Pelegri, Francisco","first_name":"Francisco","last_name":"Pelegri"},{"first_name":"Rolf","last_name":"Karlstrom","full_name":"Karlstrom, Rolf"},{"full_name":"Beuchle, Dirk","first_name":"Dirk","last_name":"Beuchle"},{"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Picker","full_name":"Picker, Alexander"},{"full_name":"Jiang, Yunjin","first_name":"Yunjin","last_name":"Jiang"},{"first_name":"Makoto","last_name":"Furutani Seiki","full_name":"Furutani Seiki, Makoto"},{"last_name":"Van Eeden","first_name":"Fredericus","full_name":"Van Eeden, Fredericus"},{"full_name":"Granato, Michael","first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Granato"},{"last_name":"Haffter","first_name":"Pascal","full_name":"Haffter, Pascal"},{"full_name":"Hammerschmidt, Matthias","last_name":"Hammerschmidt","first_name":"Matthias"},{"full_name":"Kane, Donald","first_name":"Donald","last_name":"Kane"},{"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Kelsh","full_name":"Kelsh, Robert"},{"full_name":"Mullins, Mary","first_name":"Mary","last_name":"Mullins"},{"first_name":"Jörg","last_name":"Odenthal","full_name":"Odenthal, Jörg"},{"last_name":"Nüsslein Volhard","first_name":"Christiane","full_name":"Nüsslein Volhard, Christiane"}],"_id":"4216","type":"journal_article","issue":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publication":"Development","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:07:38Z","status":"public","volume":123,"title":"Mutations affecting development of the midline and general body shape during zebrafish embryogenesis","day":"01"},{"acknowledgement":"We would like to thank our colleagues in the zebrafish community for generously sharing antibodies and probes, in particular Terje Johannsen, Vladimir Korzh, Stefan Krauss and Ingvild Mikkola, as well as Christine Dreyer, Nigel Holder, Tom Jessel, Trevor Jowett, Anders Molven, Eric Weinberg and Monte Westerfield. M.B would like to thank his colleagues for numerous discussions, and Francisco Pelegri, Suresh Jesuthasan and Luis Puelles for comments on the\r\nmanuscipt. Thanks also to Peter Andermann and Eric Weinberg, who helped in the analysis of Zash expression, and especially to Corinne Houart, for her lovely in situ protocol and many discussions. Silke Hein helped greatly in final stages of this work. M.B. was supported by a Helmholtz stipend of the BMFT.","extern":"1","quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1242/dev.123.1.179 ","citation":{"short":"M. Brand, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, Y. Jiang, D. Beuchle, K. Lun, M. Furutani Seiki, M. Granato, P. Haffter, M. Hammerschmidt, D. Kane, R. Kelsh, M. Mullins, J. Odenthal, F. Van Eeden, C. Nüsslein Volhard, Development 123 (1996) 179–190.","chicago":"Brand, Michael, Carl-Philipp J Heisenberg, Yunjin Jiang, Dirk Beuchle, Klaus Lun, Makoto Furutani Seiki, Michael Granato, et al. “Mutations in Zebrafish Genes Affecting the Formation of the Boundary between Midbrain and Hindbrain.” Development. Company of Biologists, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.179 .","apa":"Brand, M., Heisenberg, C.-P. J., Jiang, Y., Beuchle, D., Lun, K., Furutani Seiki, M., … Nüsslein Volhard, C. (1996). Mutations in zebrafish genes affecting the formation of the boundary between midbrain and hindbrain. Development. Company of Biologists. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.179 ","mla":"Brand, Michael, et al. “Mutations in Zebrafish Genes Affecting the Formation of the Boundary between Midbrain and Hindbrain.” Development, vol. 123, no. 1, Company of Biologists, 1996, pp. 179–90, doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.179 .","ieee":"M. Brand et al., “Mutations in zebrafish genes affecting the formation of the boundary between midbrain and hindbrain,” Development, vol. 123, no. 1. Company of Biologists, pp. 179–190, 1996.","ista":"Brand M, Heisenberg C-PJ, Jiang Y, Beuchle D, Lun K, Furutani Seiki M, Granato M, Haffter P, Hammerschmidt M, Kane D, Kelsh R, Mullins M, Odenthal J, Van Eeden F, Nüsslein Volhard C. 1996. Mutations in zebrafish genes affecting the formation of the boundary between midbrain and hindbrain. Development. 123(1), 179–190.","ama":"Brand M, Heisenberg C-PJ, Jiang Y, et al. Mutations in zebrafish genes affecting the formation of the boundary between midbrain and hindbrain. Development. 1996;123(1):179-190. doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.179 "},"intvolume":" 123","pmid":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0950-1991"]},"year":"1996","external_id":{"pmid":["9007239 "]},"page":"179 - 190","abstract":[{"text":"Mutations in two genes affect the formation of the boundary between midbrain and hindbrain (MHB): no isthmus (noi) and acerebellar (ace), noi mutant embryos lack the MHB constriction, the cerebellum and optic tectum, as well as the pronephric duct. Analysis of noi mutant embryos with neuron-specific antibodies shows that the MHB region and the dorsal and ventral midbrain are absent or abnormal, but that the rostral hindbrain is unaffected with the exception of the cerebellum, Using markers that are expressed during its formation (eng, wnt1 and pax-b), we find that the MHB region is already misspecified in noi mutant embryos during late gastrulation. The tectum is initially present and later degenerates, The defect in ace mutant embryos is more restricted: MHB and cerebellum are absent, but a tectum is formed, Molecular organisation of the tectum and tegmentum is disturbed, however, since eng, wntl and pax-b marker gene expression is not maintained, We propose that noi and ace are required for development of the MHB region and of the adjacent mid- and hindbrain, which are thought to be patterned by the MHB region, Presence of pax-b RNA, and absence of pax-b protein, together with the observation of genetic linkage and the occurrence of a point mutation, show that noi mutations are located in the pax-b gene, pax-b is a vertebrate orthologue of the Drosophila gene paired, which is involved in a pathway of cellular interactions at the posterior compartment boundary in Drosophila, Our results confirm and extend a previous report, and show that at least one member of this conserved signalling pathway is required for formation of the boundary between midbrain and hindbrain in the zebrafish.","lang":"eng"}],"oa":1,"author":[{"full_name":"Brand, Michael","first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Brand"},{"full_name":"Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J","orcid":"0000-0002-0912-4566","last_name":"Heisenberg","id":"39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Carl-Philipp J"},{"last_name":"Jiang","first_name":"Yunjin","full_name":"Jiang, Yunjin"},{"full_name":"Beuchle, Dirk","first_name":"Dirk","last_name":"Beuchle"},{"full_name":"Lun, Klaus","first_name":"Klaus","last_name":"Lun"},{"first_name":"Makoto","last_name":"Furutani Seiki","full_name":"Furutani Seiki, Makoto"},{"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Granato","full_name":"Granato, Michael"},{"full_name":"Haffter, Pascal","first_name":"Pascal","last_name":"Haffter"},{"full_name":"Hammerschmidt, Matthias","first_name":"Matthias","last_name":"Hammerschmidt"},{"last_name":"Kane","first_name":"Donald","full_name":"Kane, Donald"},{"full_name":"Kelsh, Robert","first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Kelsh"},{"last_name":"Mullins","first_name":"Mary","full_name":"Mullins, Mary"},{"last_name":"Odenthal","first_name":"Jörg","full_name":"Odenthal, Jörg"},{"first_name":"Fredericus","last_name":"Van Eeden","full_name":"Van Eeden, Fredericus"},{"full_name":"Nüsslein Volhard, Christiane","first_name":"Christiane","last_name":"Nüsslein Volhard"}],"publication":"Development","issue":"1","_id":"4219","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:07:40Z","oa_version":"Published Version","status":"public","volume":123,"title":"Mutations in zebrafish genes affecting the formation of the boundary between midbrain and hindbrain","day":"01","scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/123/1/179/39324/Mutations-in-zebrafish-genes-affecting-the","open_access":"1"}],"date_updated":"2022-08-04T11:45:04Z","publist_id":"1899","publisher":"Company of Biologists","publication_status":"published","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","article_type":"original","month":"12","date_published":"1996-12-01T00:00:00Z"},{"article_type":"original","date_published":"1996-12-01T00:00:00Z","month":"12","publist_id":"1896","date_updated":"2022-08-04T10:01:17Z","publisher":"Company of Biologists","publication_status":"published","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/123/1/255/39327/Genetic-analysis-of-fin-formation-in-the-zebrafish","open_access":"1"}],"scopus_import":"1","day":"01","status":"public","title":"Genetic analysis of fin formation in the zebrafish, Danio rerio","volume":123,"publication":"Development","_id":"4220","issue":"1","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"No","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:07:40Z","author":[{"first_name":"Fredericus","last_name":"Van Eeden","full_name":"Van Eeden, Fredericus"},{"full_name":"Granato, Michael","last_name":"Granato","first_name":"Michael"},{"first_name":"Ursula","last_name":"Schach","full_name":"Schach, Ursula"},{"last_name":"Brand","first_name":"Michael","full_name":"Brand, Michael"},{"first_name":"Makoto","last_name":"Furutani Seiki","full_name":"Furutani Seiki, Makoto"},{"first_name":"Pascal","last_name":"Haffter","full_name":"Haffter, Pascal"},{"last_name":"Hammerschmidt","first_name":"Matthias","full_name":"Hammerschmidt, Matthias"},{"full_name":"Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J","orcid":"0000-0002-0912-4566","id":"39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Carl-Philipp J","last_name":"Heisenberg"},{"full_name":"Jiang, Yunjin","last_name":"Jiang","first_name":"Yunjin"},{"full_name":"Kane, Donald","last_name":"Kane","first_name":"Donald"},{"full_name":"Kelsh, Robert","last_name":"Kelsh","first_name":"Robert"},{"full_name":"Mullins, Mary","last_name":"Mullins","first_name":"Mary"},{"full_name":"Odenthal, Jörg","last_name":"Odenthal","first_name":"Jörg"},{"last_name":"Warga","first_name":"Rachel","full_name":"Warga, Rachel"},{"first_name":"Christiane","last_name":"Nüsslein Volhard","full_name":"Nüsslein Volhard, Christiane"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"In the zebrafish, Danio rerio, a caudal and pectoral fin fold develop during embryogenesis. At larval stages the caudal fin fold is replaced by four different fins, the unpaired anal, dorsal and tail fins. In addition the paired pelvic fins are formed, We have identified a total of 118 mutations affecting larval fin formation, Mutations in 11 genes lead to abnormal morphology or degeneration of both caudal and pectoral fin folds, Most mutants survive to adulthood and form a surprisingly normal complement of adult fins, Mutations in nine genes result in an increased or reduced size of the pectoral fins, Interestingly, in mutants of one of these genes, dackel (dak), pectoral fin buds form initially, but later the fin epithelium fails to expand, Expression of sonic hedgehog mRNA in the posterior mesenchyme of the pectoral fin bud is initiated in dak embryos, but not maintained, Mutations in five other genes affect adult fin but not larval fin development, Two mutants, longfin (lof) and another longfin (alf) have generally longer fins. Stein und bein (sub) has reduced dorsal and pelvic fins, whereas finless (fls) and wanda (wan) mutants affect all adult fins, Finally, mutations in four genes causing defects in embryonic skin formation will be briefly reported."}],"oa":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["9007245 "]},"page":"255 - 262","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0950-1991"]},"year":"1996","intvolume":" 123","pmid":1,"extern":"1","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"ama":"Van Eeden F, Granato M, Schach U, et al. Genetic analysis of fin formation in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Development. 1996;123(1):255-262. doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.255 ","apa":"Van Eeden, F., Granato, M., Schach, U., Brand, M., Furutani Seiki, M., Haffter, P., … Nüsslein Volhard, C. (1996). Genetic analysis of fin formation in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Development. Company of Biologists. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.255 ","chicago":"Van Eeden, Fredericus, Michael Granato, Ursula Schach, Michael Brand, Makoto Furutani Seiki, Pascal Haffter, Matthias Hammerschmidt, et al. “Genetic Analysis of Fin Formation in the Zebrafish, Danio Rerio.” Development. Company of Biologists, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.255 .","short":"F. Van Eeden, M. Granato, U. Schach, M. Brand, M. Furutani Seiki, P. Haffter, M. Hammerschmidt, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, Y. Jiang, D. Kane, R. Kelsh, M. Mullins, J. Odenthal, R. Warga, C. Nüsslein Volhard, Development 123 (1996) 255–262.","ista":"Van Eeden F, Granato M, Schach U, Brand M, Furutani Seiki M, Haffter P, Hammerschmidt M, Heisenberg C-PJ, Jiang Y, Kane D, Kelsh R, Mullins M, Odenthal J, Warga R, Nüsslein Volhard C. 1996. Genetic analysis of fin formation in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Development. 123(1), 255–262.","ieee":"F. Van Eeden et al., “Genetic analysis of fin formation in the zebrafish, Danio rerio,” Development, vol. 123, no. 1. Company of Biologists, pp. 255–262, 1996.","mla":"Van Eeden, Fredericus, et al. “Genetic Analysis of Fin Formation in the Zebrafish, Danio Rerio.” Development, vol. 123, no. 1, Company of Biologists, 1996, pp. 255–62, doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.255 ."},"doi":"10.1242/dev.123.1.255 "},{"_id":"4222","article_processing_charge":"No","type":"journal_article","issue":"1","publication":"Development","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:07:41Z","oa_version":"Published Version","author":[{"full_name":"Van Eeden, Fredericus","first_name":"Fredericus","last_name":"Van Eeden"},{"last_name":"Granato","first_name":"Michael","full_name":"Granato, Michael"},{"last_name":"Schach","first_name":"Ursula","full_name":"Schach, Ursula"},{"full_name":"Brand, Michael","last_name":"Brand","first_name":"Michael"},{"first_name":"Makoto","last_name":"Furutani Seiki","full_name":"Furutani Seiki, Makoto"},{"full_name":"Haffter, Pascal","last_name":"Haffter","first_name":"Pascal"},{"last_name":"Hammerschmidt","first_name":"Matthias","full_name":"Hammerschmidt, Matthias"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-0912-4566","full_name":"Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J","first_name":"Carl-Philipp J","id":"39427864-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Heisenberg"},{"full_name":"Jiang, Yunjin","last_name":"Jiang","first_name":"Yunjin"},{"full_name":"Kane, Donald","first_name":"Donald","last_name":"Kane"},{"last_name":"Kelsh","first_name":"Robert","full_name":"Kelsh, Robert"},{"first_name":"Mary","last_name":"Mullins","full_name":"Mullins, Mary"},{"full_name":"Odenthal, Jörg","first_name":"Jörg","last_name":"Odenthal"},{"last_name":"Warga","first_name":"Rachel","full_name":"Warga, Rachel"},{"first_name":"Miguel","last_name":"Allende","full_name":"Allende, Miguel"},{"full_name":"Weinberg, Eric","last_name":"Weinberg","first_name":"Eric"},{"full_name":"Nüsslein Volhard, Christiane","last_name":"Nüsslein Volhard","first_name":"Christiane"}],"day":"01","status":"public","volume":123,"title":"Mutations affecting somite formation and patterning in the zebrafish, Danio rerio","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/123/1/153/39329/Mutations-affecting-somite-formation-and"}],"scopus_import":"1","month":"12","date_published":"1996-12-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","publisher":"Company of Biologists","publist_id":"1895","date_updated":"2022-08-04T09:29:56Z","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","publication_status":"published","extern":"1","doi":"10.1242/dev.123.1.153","citation":{"chicago":"Van Eeden, Fredericus, Michael Granato, Ursula Schach, Michael Brand, Makoto Furutani Seiki, Pascal Haffter, Matthias Hammerschmidt, et al. “Mutations Affecting Somite Formation and Patterning in the Zebrafish, Danio Rerio.” Development. Company of Biologists, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.153.","short":"F. Van Eeden, M. Granato, U. Schach, M. Brand, M. Furutani Seiki, P. Haffter, M. Hammerschmidt, C.-P.J. Heisenberg, Y. Jiang, D. Kane, R. Kelsh, M. Mullins, J. Odenthal, R. Warga, M. Allende, E. Weinberg, C. Nüsslein Volhard, Development 123 (1996) 153–164.","apa":"Van Eeden, F., Granato, M., Schach, U., Brand, M., Furutani Seiki, M., Haffter, P., … Nüsslein Volhard, C. (1996). Mutations affecting somite formation and patterning in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Development. Company of Biologists. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.153","mla":"Van Eeden, Fredericus, et al. “Mutations Affecting Somite Formation and Patterning in the Zebrafish, Danio Rerio.” Development, vol. 123, no. 1, Company of Biologists, 1996, pp. 153–64, doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.153.","ista":"Van Eeden F, Granato M, Schach U, Brand M, Furutani Seiki M, Haffter P, Hammerschmidt M, Heisenberg C-PJ, Jiang Y, Kane D, Kelsh R, Mullins M, Odenthal J, Warga R, Allende M, Weinberg E, Nüsslein Volhard C. 1996. Mutations affecting somite formation and patterning in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Development. 123(1), 153–164.","ieee":"F. Van Eeden et al., “Mutations affecting somite formation and patterning in the zebrafish, Danio rerio,” Development, vol. 123, no. 1. Company of Biologists, pp. 153–164, 1996.","ama":"Van Eeden F, Granato M, Schach U, et al. Mutations affecting somite formation and patterning in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Development. 1996;123(1):153-164. doi:10.1242/dev.123.1.153"},"quality_controlled":"1","acknowledgement":"We would like to thank P. Ingham and T. Whitfield for valuable comments on the manuscript and cDNA probes, S. Schulte-Merker for the Ntl antibody and J. Eisen and R. BreMiller for the znp-1 antibody.","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0950-1991"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"1996","pmid":1,"intvolume":" 123","external_id":{"pmid":["9007237 "]},"page":"153 - 164","oa":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Somitogenesis is the basis of segmentation of the mesoderm in the trunk and tail of vertebrate embryos, Two groups of mutants with defects in this patterning process have been isolated in our screen for zygotic mutations affecting the embryonic development of the zebrafish (Danio rerio), In mutants of the first group, boundaries between individual somites are invisible early on, although the paraxial mesoderm is present, Later, irregular boundaries between somites are present, Mutations infused somites (fss) and beamter (bea) affect all somites, whereas mutations in deadly seven (des), after eight (aei) and white tail (wit) only affect the more posterior somites, Mutants of all genes but wit are homozygous viable and fertile, Skeletal stainings and the expression pattern of myoD and snail1 suggest that anteroposterior patterning within individual somites is abnormal, In the second group of mutants, formation of the horizontal myoseptum, which separates the dorsal and ventral part of the myotome, is reduced, Six genes have been defined in this group (you-type genes), yea-too mutants show the most severe phenotype; in these the adaxial cells, muscle pioneers and the primary motoneurons are affected, in addition to the horizontal myoseptum. The horizontal myoseptum is also missing in mutants that lack a notochord. The similarity of the somite phenotype in mutants lacking the notochord and in the you-type mutants suggests that the genes mutated in these two groups are involved in a signaling pathway from the notochord, important for patterning of the somites."}]},{"day":"01","volume":6,"title":"Speciation: more than the sum of its parts","status":"public","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:08:06Z","_id":"4295","article_processing_charge":"No","type":"book_chapter","publication":"Current Biology","author":[{"first_name":"Nicholas H","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Barton","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H"}],"date_published":"1996-10-01T00:00:00Z","month":"10","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Cell Press","date_updated":"2022-07-07T09:28:28Z","publist_id":"1781","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982202707070?via%3Dihub"}],"scopus_import":"1","year":"1996","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0960-9822"]},"pmid":1,"intvolume":" 6","citation":{"short":"N.H. Barton, in:, Current Biology, Cell Press, 1996, pp. 1244–1246.","chicago":"Barton, Nicholas H. “Speciation: More than the Sum of Its Parts.” In Current Biology, 6:1244–46. Cell Press, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)70707-0.","apa":"Barton, N. H. (1996). Speciation: more than the sum of its parts. In Current Biology (Vol. 6, pp. 1244–1246). Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)70707-0","mla":"Barton, Nicholas H. “Speciation: More than the Sum of Its Parts.” Current Biology, vol. 6, Cell Press, 1996, pp. 1244–46, doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)70707-0.","ieee":"N. H. Barton, “Speciation: more than the sum of its parts,” in Current Biology, vol. 6, Cell Press, 1996, pp. 1244–1246.","ista":"Barton NH. 1996.Speciation: more than the sum of its parts. In: Current Biology. vol. 6, 1244–1246.","ama":"Barton NH. Speciation: more than the sum of its parts. In: Current Biology. Vol 6. Cell Press; 1996:1244-1246. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)70707-0"},"doi":"10.1016/S0960-9822(02)70707-0","quality_controlled":"1","extern":"1","acknowledgement":"Thanks to Brian Charlesworth, Jerry Coyne, Allen Orr and Michael Turelli for their comments on this note, and to the BBSRC and NERC for financial support.","oa":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Genetic studies are beginning to provide insights into the evolutionary processes that reduce the fitness of hybrids between recently diverged species. However, the deleterious gene interactions responsible for this fitness reduction are still poorly understood."}],"page":"1244 - 1246","external_id":{"pmid":["8939554"]}},{"page":"181 - 201","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Presents a model-checking procedure and its implementation for the automatic verification of embedded systems. The system components are described as hybrid automata-communicating machines with finite control and real-valued variables that represent continuous environment parameters such as time, pressure and temperature. The system requirements are specified in a temporal logic with stop-watches, and verified by symbolic fixpoint computation. The verification procedure-implemented in the Cornell Hybrid Technology tool, HyTech-applies to hybrid automata whose continuous dynamics is governed by linear constraints on the variables and their derivatives. We illustrate the method and the tool by checking safety, liveness, time-bounded and duration requirements of digital controllers, schedulers and distributed algorithms"}],"oa":1,"acknowledgement":"We thank Costas Courcoubetis, Nicolas Halbwachs, Peter Kopke, Joseph Sifakis, and Howard Wong-Toi for helpful\r\ndiscussions and valuable comments. Thomas A. Henzinger's research was supported in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research Young Investigator award N00014-95-1-0520, by the National Science Foundation CAREER award CCR-9501708, by National Science Foundation grants CCR-9200794 and CCR-9504469, by U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research contract F49620-93-1- 0056, and by Advanced Research Projects Agency grant NAG2-892. ","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"chicago":"Alur, Rajeev, Thomas A Henzinger, and Pei Ho. “Automatic Symbolic Verification of Embedded Systems.” IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. IEEE, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1109/32.489079.","short":"R. Alur, T.A. Henzinger, P. Ho, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 22 (1996) 181–201.","apa":"Alur, R., Henzinger, T. A., & Ho, P. (1996). Automatic symbolic verification of embedded systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/32.489079","mla":"Alur, Rajeev, et al. “Automatic Symbolic Verification of Embedded Systems.” IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 22, no. 3, IEEE, 1996, pp. 181–201, doi:10.1109/32.489079.","ieee":"R. Alur, T. A. Henzinger, and P. Ho, “Automatic symbolic verification of embedded systems,” IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 22, no. 3. IEEE, pp. 181–201, 1996.","ista":"Alur R, Henzinger TA, Ho P. 1996. Automatic symbolic verification of embedded systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. 22(3), 181–201.","ama":"Alur R, Henzinger TA, Ho P. Automatic symbolic verification of embedded systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. 1996;22(3):181-201. doi:10.1109/32.489079"},"doi":"10.1109/32.489079","extern":"1","intvolume":" 22","year":"1996","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0018-9162"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/7170"}],"publication_status":"published","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","date_updated":"2022-07-04T12:47:05Z","publist_id":"96","publisher":"IEEE","article_type":"original","month":"03","date_published":"1996-03-01T00:00:00Z","author":[{"last_name":"Alur","first_name":"Rajeev","full_name":"Alur, Rajeev"},{"id":"40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Thomas A","last_name":"Henzinger","full_name":"Henzinger, Thomas A","orcid":"0000−0002−2985−7724"},{"first_name":"Pei","last_name":"Ho","full_name":"Ho, Pei"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:09:45Z","publication":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering","type":"journal_article","_id":"4611","issue":"3","article_processing_charge":"No","title":"Automatic symbolic verification of embedded systems","volume":22,"status":"public","day":"01"},{"page":"333 -340","scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/313852.314080"}],"user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics","date_updated":"2023-02-21T16:24:53Z","oa":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We are given a set 7 = {Tl , Tz, . . . , Tk} of rooted binary trees, each Ti leaf-labeled by a subset L(x) c {1,2 )...) n}. IfT is a tree on {1,2, . . , n}, we let T]L denote the subtree of T induced by the nodes of L and all their ancestors. The consensus tree problem asks whether there exists a tree T* such that for every I, T’ IC(Ti) is homeomorphic to Ti. We present algorithms which test if a given set of trees has a consensus tree and if so, construct one. The deterministic algorithm takes time min{O(mn’/‘), O(m + n2 logn)}, where m = Ci IZl and uses linear space. The randomized algorithm takes\r\ntime O(m log3 n) and uses linear space. The previous best for this problem was an 1981 O(mn) algorithm by Aho et al. Our faster deterministic algorithm uses a new efficient algorithm for the following interesting dynamic graph problem: Given a graph G with n nodes and m edges and a sequence of b batches of one or more edge deletions, then after each batch, either find a new component that has just been created or determine that there is no such component. For this\r\nproblem, we have a simple algorithm with running time O(n2 log n + be min{ n2, m log n}), where be is the number of batches which do not result in a new component. For our particular application, bc 5 1. If all edges are deleted, then the best previously known deterministic algorithm requires time O(mJ;ii) to solve this problem. computational evolutionary biology. The first application is in the problem of inferring consensus of trees when there can be disagreement[l6]. There have, been several models suggested for this problem[2, 3, 4, 8, ?, 11, 17, 181, of which one is called the Local Consensus Tree[l5]. The local consensus tree model presumes that the user provides a local consensus rule which determines the form of the output tree on (perhaps) each triple of leaves, and the objective is to determine whether a tree exists which is consistent with each of the constraints. We will show that we can construct the local consensus tree of k trees on n species in O(kn3) time, improving on the O(lcn3 + n”) running time if we use the Aho et al algorithm. The second application is a\r\nheuristic for constructing the maximum likelihood tree based upon combining solutions to small subproblems.\r\nThis is a simple and yet potentially significantly interesting approach to the evolutionary tree construction\r\nproblem. "}],"date_published":"1996-01-28T00:00:00Z","month":"01","related_material":{"record":[{"relation":"later_version","status":"public","id":"11679"}]},"author":[{"last_name":"Henzinger","id":"540c9bbd-f2de-11ec-812d-d04a5be85630","first_name":"Monika H","full_name":"Henzinger, Monika H","orcid":"0000-0002-5008-6530"},{"first_name":"Valerie","last_name":"King","full_name":"King, Valerie"},{"full_name":"Warnow, Tandy","first_name":"Tandy","last_name":"Warnow"}],"conference":{"start_date":"1996-01-28","end_date":"1996-01-30","location":"Atlanta, GA, United States","name":"SODA: Symposium on Discrete Algorithms"},"citation":{"ama":"Henzinger MH, King V, Warnow T. Constructing a tree from homeomorphic subtrees, with applications to computational evolutionary biology. In: 7th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics; 1996:333-340.","ista":"Henzinger MH, King V, Warnow T. 1996. Constructing a tree from homeomorphic subtrees, with applications to computational evolutionary biology. 7th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms. SODA: Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, 333–340.","ieee":"M. H. Henzinger, V. King, and T. Warnow, “Constructing a tree from homeomorphic subtrees, with applications to computational evolutionary biology,” in 7th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, Atlanta, GA, United States, 1996, pp. 333–340.","mla":"Henzinger, Monika H., et al. “Constructing a Tree from Homeomorphic Subtrees, with Applications to Computational Evolutionary Biology.” 7th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1996, pp. 333–40.","apa":"Henzinger, M. H., King, V., & Warnow, T. (1996). Constructing a tree from homeomorphic subtrees, with applications to computational evolutionary biology. In 7th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (pp. 333–340). Atlanta, GA, United States: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.","chicago":"Henzinger, Monika H, Valerie King, and Tandy Warnow. “Constructing a Tree from Homeomorphic Subtrees, with Applications to Computational Evolutionary Biology.” In 7th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, 333–40. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1996.","short":"M.H. Henzinger, V. King, T. Warnow, in:, 7th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1996, pp. 333–340."},"oa_version":"Published Version","quality_controlled":"1","date_created":"2022-08-19T06:57:47Z","article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"11927","type":"conference","publication":"7th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms","extern":"1","title":"Constructing a tree from homeomorphic subtrees, with applications to computational evolutionary biology","status":"public","day":"28","year":"1996","publication_identifier":{"isbn":["0898713668"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"article_type":"original","date_published":"1995-10-10T00:00:00Z","month":"10","publication_status":"published","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","date_updated":"2022-06-29T15:04:47Z","publist_id":"5142","publisher":"Elsevier","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0005272895000962?via%3Dihub","open_access":"1"}],"day":"10","volume":1231,"title":"Cyclic reactions catalysed by detergent-dispersed and reconstituted transhydrogenase from beef heart mitochondria; implications for the mechanism of proton translocation","status":"public","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2018-12-11T11:54:50Z","publication":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics","issue":"3","_id":"1943","article_processing_charge":"No","type":"journal_article","author":[{"first_name":"Leonid A","id":"338D39FE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Sazanov","orcid":"0000-0002-0977-7989","full_name":"Sazanov, Leonid A"},{"full_name":"Jackson, Baz","first_name":"Baz","last_name":"Jackson"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Transhydrogenase from beef-heart mitochondria was solubilised with Triton X-100 and purified by column chromatography. The detergent-dispersed enzyme catalysed the reduction of acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide (AcPdAD+) by NADH, but only in the presence of NADP+. Experiments showed that this reaction was cyclic; NADP(H), whilst remaining bound to the enzyme, was alternately reduced by NADH and oxidised by AcPdAD+. A period of incubation of the enzyme with NADPH at pH 6.0 led to inhibition of the simple transhydrogenation reaction between AcPdAD+ and NADPH. However, after such treatment, transhydrogenase acquired the ability to catalyse the (NADPH-dependent) reduction of AcPdAD+ by NADH. It is suggested that this is a similar cycle to the one described above. Evidently, the binding affinity for NADP+ increases as a consequence of the inhibition process resulting from prolonged incubation with NADPH. The pH dependences of simple and cyclic transhydrogenation reactions are described. Though more complex than those in Escherichia coli transhydrogenase, they are consistent with the view [Hutton, M., Day, J.M., Bizouarn, T. and Jackson, J.B. (1994) Eur. J. Biochem. 219, 1041–10511] that, also in the mitochondrial enzyme, binding the release of NADP+ and NADP are accompanied by binding and release of a proton. The enzyme was successfully reconstituted into liposomes by a cholate dilution procedure. The proteoliposomes catalysed cyclic NADPH-dependent reduction of AcPdAD+ by NADH only when they were tightly coupled. However, they catalysed cyclic NADP+-dependent reduction of AcPdAD+ by NADH only when they were uncoupled eg. by addition of carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone. These observations are evidence that the proton binding and release which accompany NADP+ binding and release, respectively, take place on the inside of the vesicle, and that they are components of the electrogenic processes of the enzyme."}],"oa":1,"page":"304 - 312","external_id":{"pmid":["7578218"]},"year":"1995","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0005-2728"]},"intvolume":" 1231","pmid":1,"quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1016/0005-2728(95)00096-2","citation":{"ama":"Sazanov LA, Jackson B. Cyclic reactions catalysed by detergent-dispersed and reconstituted transhydrogenase from beef heart mitochondria; implications for the mechanism of proton translocation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. 1995;1231(3):304-312. doi:10.1016/0005-2728(95)00096-2","ista":"Sazanov LA, Jackson B. 1995. Cyclic reactions catalysed by detergent-dispersed and reconstituted transhydrogenase from beef heart mitochondria; implications for the mechanism of proton translocation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. 1231(3), 304–312.","ieee":"L. A. Sazanov and B. Jackson, “Cyclic reactions catalysed by detergent-dispersed and reconstituted transhydrogenase from beef heart mitochondria; implications for the mechanism of proton translocation,” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics, vol. 1231, no. 3. Elsevier, pp. 304–312, 1995.","mla":"Sazanov, Leonid A., and Baz Jackson. “Cyclic Reactions Catalysed by Detergent-Dispersed and Reconstituted Transhydrogenase from Beef Heart Mitochondria; Implications for the Mechanism of Proton Translocation.” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics, vol. 1231, no. 3, Elsevier, 1995, pp. 304–12, doi:10.1016/0005-2728(95)00096-2.","apa":"Sazanov, L. A., & Jackson, B. (1995). Cyclic reactions catalysed by detergent-dispersed and reconstituted transhydrogenase from beef heart mitochondria; implications for the mechanism of proton translocation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2728(95)00096-2","chicago":"Sazanov, Leonid A, and Baz Jackson. “Cyclic Reactions Catalysed by Detergent-Dispersed and Reconstituted Transhydrogenase from Beef Heart Mitochondria; Implications for the Mechanism of Proton Translocation.” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. Elsevier, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2728(95)00096-2.","short":"L.A. Sazanov, B. Jackson, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics 1231 (1995) 304–312."},"extern":"1","acknowledgement":"L.A.S. is grateful to the Wellcome Trust for a Research Fellowship. Support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council is also acknowledged. We thank our colleagues. Tania Bizouarn, Mike Hutton and Nick Cotton, for advice and valuable discussion. "},{"author":[{"first_name":"Peter M","id":"353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Jonas","orcid":"0000-0001-5001-4804","full_name":"Jonas, Peter M"},{"full_name":"Burnashev, Nail","first_name":"Nail","last_name":"Burnashev"}],"type":"journal_article","_id":"3461","article_processing_charge":"No","issue":"5","publication":"Neuron","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:03:27Z","status":"public","volume":15,"title":"Molecular mechanisms controlling calcium entry through AMPA-type glutamate receptor channels","day":"01","scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/089662739590087X?via%3Dihub","open_access":"1"}],"publisher":"Elsevier","publist_id":"2926","date_updated":"2022-06-28T08:34:36Z","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","publication_status":"published","date_published":"1995-11-01T00:00:00Z","month":"11","article_type":"original","extern":"1","doi":"10.1016/0896-6273(95)90087-X","citation":{"ama":"Jonas PM, Burnashev N. Molecular mechanisms controlling calcium entry through AMPA-type glutamate receptor channels. Neuron. 1995;15(5):987-990. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90087-X","mla":"Jonas, Peter M., and Nail Burnashev. “Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Calcium Entry through AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptor Channels.” Neuron, vol. 15, no. 5, Elsevier, 1995, pp. 987–90, doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90087-X.","ieee":"P. M. Jonas and N. Burnashev, “Molecular mechanisms controlling calcium entry through AMPA-type glutamate receptor channels,” Neuron, vol. 15, no. 5. Elsevier, pp. 987–990, 1995.","ista":"Jonas PM, Burnashev N. 1995. Molecular mechanisms controlling calcium entry through AMPA-type glutamate receptor channels. Neuron. 15(5), 987–990.","chicago":"Jonas, Peter M, and Nail Burnashev. “Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Calcium Entry through AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptor Channels.” Neuron. Elsevier, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90087-X.","short":"P.M. Jonas, N. Burnashev, Neuron 15 (1995) 987–990.","apa":"Jonas, P. M., & Burnashev, N. (1995). Molecular mechanisms controlling calcium entry through AMPA-type glutamate receptor channels. Neuron. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90087-X"},"quality_controlled":"1","pmid":1,"intvolume":" 15","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0896-6273"]},"year":"1995","external_id":{"pmid":["7576666"]},"page":"987 - 990","oa":1},{"user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","publist_id":"2909","date_updated":"2022-06-28T08:08:40Z","date_published":"1995-01-15T00:00:00Z","month":"01","article_type":"original","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521","open_access":"1"}],"volume":482,"title":"Dendritic glutamate receptor channels in rat hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons","status":"public","day":"15","author":[{"first_name":"Nelson","last_name":"Spruston","full_name":"Spruston, Nelson"},{"first_name":"Peter M","id":"353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Jonas","full_name":"Jonas, Peter M","orcid":"0000-0001-5001-4804"},{"full_name":"Sakmann, Bert","last_name":"Sakmann","first_name":"Bert"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:03:32Z","_id":"3478","article_processing_charge":"No","type":"journal_article","issue":"Pt 2","publication":"Journal of Physiology","oa":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"1. Properties of dendritic glutamate receptor (GluR) channels were investigated using fast application of glutamate to outside-out membrane patches isolated from the apical dendrites of CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices. CA3 patches were formed (15-76 μm from the soma) in the region of messy fibre (MF) synapses, and CA1 patches (25-174 μm from the soma) in the region of Schaffer collateral (SC) innervation. 2. Dual-component responses consisting of a rapidly rising and decaying component followed by a second, substantially slower, component were elicited by 1 ms pulses of 1 mM glutamate in the presence of 10 μM glycine and absence of external Mg2+. The fast component was selectively blocked by 2-5 μM 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and the slow component by 30 μM D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D-AP5), suggesting that the fast and slow components were mediated by the GluR channels of the L-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) and NMDA type, respectively. The peak amplitude ratio of the NMDA to AMPA receptor-mediated components varied between 0.03 and 0.62 in patches from both CA3 and CA1 dendrites. Patches lacking either component were rarely observed. 3. The peak current-voltage (I-V) relationship of the fast component was almost linear, whereas the I-V relationship of the slow component showed a region of negative slope in the presence of 1 mM external Mg2+. The reversal potential for both components was close to 0 mV. 4. Kainate-preferring GluR channels did not contribute appreciably to the response to glutamate. The responses to 100 ms pulses of 1 mM glutamate were mimicked by application of 1 mM AMPA, whereas 1 mM kainate produced much smaller, weakly desensitizing currents. This suggests that the fast component is primarily mediated by the action of glutamate on AMPA-preferring receptors. 5. The mean elementary conductance of AMPA receptor channels was about 10 pS, as estimated by non-stationary fluctuation analysis. The permeability of these channels to Ca2+ was low (~5% of the permeability to Cs+). 6. The elementary conductance of NMDA receptor channels was larger, with a main conductance state of about 45 pS. These channels were 3.6 times more permeable to Ca2+ than to Cs+. 7. AMPA receptor-mediated currents activated rapidly in response to 1 ms pulses of 1 mM glutamate and deactivated with a predominant, fast time constant and a smaller, slower component (τ1≃2 ms, τ2≃8 ms, contributing ~80 and ~20% to the total decay amplitude, respectively). Desensitization of the current during a 100 ms pulse was best fitted by two time constants (τ1≃10 ms, ~60%; τ2≃34 ms, ~40%). 8. NMDA receptor-mediated currents in response to 1 ms pulses of 1 mM glutamate activated and deactivated much more slowly than AMPA receptor-mediated currents. The time course could be described by a single exponential rising phase (τ≃7 ms) followed by a double exponential decay (τ1≃200 ms, ~80%; τ2≃1-3 s, ~20%). 9. Mg2+ blocked the NMDA component in a voltage-dependent manner, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 21 μM at -80 mV. At physiological Mg2+ concentrations, block of the NMDA component could be rapidly relieved with voltage jumps from negative to positive potentials. Block of the current upon return to negative potentials occurred almost instantaneously. 10. Zn2+ also selectively-blocked the NMDA receptor-mediated current with an IC50 of 22 μM, but this block differed from that of Mg2+ in that it showed little voltage dependence. Rapid application of Zn2+ together with glutamate produced partial block of the current. More block was observed if Zn2+ and glutamate were co-applied when NMDA receptor channels were already open. 11. The functional properties of dendritic GluRs were similar to those found at the soma. Knowledge of these properties facilitated simulations investigating the contribution of coactivated AMPA and NMDA receptors to synaptic depolarization and Ca2+ entry into dendritic spines. Because of its slow deactivation, the NMDA receptor-mediated current contributes substantially to depolarization and Ca2+ entry and is susceptible to modulation over a period of seconds, either by backpropagating action potentials or by the release of Zn2+ from presynaptic boutons."}],"page":"325 - 352","external_id":{"pmid":["7536248"]},"pmid":1,"intvolume":" 482","year":"1995","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-3751"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank M.Hausser, A.Roth, P.Ruppersberg, and G.Stuart for helpful discussions and M.H. and G.S. for critically reading the manuscript. We also thank M.Kaiser for expert technical assistance and F.Helmchen, M.Huke and A.Roth for computer programming. Financial support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB317) is gratefully acknowledged.","citation":{"mla":"Spruston, Nelson, et al. “Dendritic Glutamate Receptor Channels in Rat Hippocampal CA3 and CA1 Pyramidal Neurons.” Journal of Physiology, vol. 482, no. Pt 2, Wiley-Blackwell, 1995, pp. 325–52, doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521.","ista":"Spruston N, Jonas PM, Sakmann B. 1995. Dendritic glutamate receptor channels in rat hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons. Journal of Physiology. 482(Pt 2), 325–352.","ieee":"N. Spruston, P. M. Jonas, and B. Sakmann, “Dendritic glutamate receptor channels in rat hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons,” Journal of Physiology, vol. 482, no. Pt 2. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 325–352, 1995.","short":"N. Spruston, P.M. Jonas, B. Sakmann, Journal of Physiology 482 (1995) 325–352.","chicago":"Spruston, Nelson, Peter M Jonas, and Bert Sakmann. “Dendritic Glutamate Receptor Channels in Rat Hippocampal CA3 and CA1 Pyramidal Neurons.” Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521.","apa":"Spruston, N., Jonas, P. M., & Sakmann, B. (1995). Dendritic glutamate receptor channels in rat hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons. Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521","ama":"Spruston N, Jonas PM, Sakmann B. Dendritic glutamate receptor channels in rat hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons. Journal of Physiology. 1995;482(Pt 2):325-352. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521"},"doi":"10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020521","quality_controlled":"1","extern":"1"},{"status":"public","volume":485,"title":"Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA and NMDA receptor channels in basket cells of rat hippocampal dentate gyrus","day":"01","author":[{"full_name":"Koh, Duk","last_name":"Koh","first_name":"Duk"},{"last_name":"Geiger","first_name":"Jörg","full_name":"Geiger, Jörg"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-5001-4804","full_name":"Jonas, Peter M","first_name":"Peter M","id":"353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Jonas"},{"full_name":"Sakmann, Bert","first_name":"Bert","last_name":"Sakmann"}],"publication":"Journal of Physiology","article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"3479","issue":"Pt 2","type":"journal_article","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:03:33Z","oa_version":"Published Version","publist_id":"2908","date_updated":"2022-06-28T07:54:44Z","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","publication_status":"published","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","article_type":"original","month":"06","date_published":"1995-06-01T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1158000/pdf/jphysiol00319-0104.pdf"}],"intvolume":" 485","pmid":1,"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-3751"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"1995","acknowledgement":"We thank Drs M.Häusser and H.Markram for critically reading the manuscript and M.Kaiser for technical assistance. Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB-317/B14 grant to P.J. and a Graduiertenkollegstipendium to J.R.P.G.)","extern":"1","quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020737","citation":{"mla":"Koh, Duk, et al. “Ca(2+)-Permeable AMPA and NMDA Receptor Channels in Basket Cells of Rat Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus.” Journal of Physiology, vol. 485, no. Pt 2, Wiley-Blackwell, 1995, pp. 383–402, doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020737.","ista":"Koh D, Geiger J, Jonas PM, Sakmann B. 1995. Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA and NMDA receptor channels in basket cells of rat hippocampal dentate gyrus. Journal of Physiology. 485(Pt 2), 383–402.","ieee":"D. Koh, J. Geiger, P. M. Jonas, and B. Sakmann, “Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA and NMDA receptor channels in basket cells of rat hippocampal dentate gyrus,” Journal of Physiology, vol. 485, no. Pt 2. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 383–402, 1995.","chicago":"Koh, Duk, Jörg Geiger, Peter M Jonas, and Bert Sakmann. “Ca(2+)-Permeable AMPA and NMDA Receptor Channels in Basket Cells of Rat Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus.” Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020737.","short":"D. Koh, J. Geiger, P.M. Jonas, B. Sakmann, Journal of Physiology 485 (1995) 383–402.","apa":"Koh, D., Geiger, J., Jonas, P. M., & Sakmann, B. (1995). Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA and NMDA receptor channels in basket cells of rat hippocampal dentate gyrus. Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020737","ama":"Koh D, Geiger J, Jonas PM, Sakmann B. Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA and NMDA receptor channels in basket cells of rat hippocampal dentate gyrus. Journal of Physiology. 1995;485(Pt 2):383-402. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020737"},"abstract":[{"text":"1. Glutamate receptor (GluR) channels were studied in basket cells in the dentate gyrus of rat hippocampal slices. Basket cells were identified by their location, dendritic morphology and high frequency of action potentials generated during sustained current injection. 2. Dual-component currents were activated by fast application of glutamate to outside-out membrane patches isolated from basket cell somata (10 μM glycine, no external Mg2+). The fast component was selectively blocked by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), the slow component by D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D-AP5). This suggests that the two components were mediated by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate receptor (AMPAR)/kainate receptor and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) channels, respectively. The mean ratio of the peak current of the NMDAR component to that of the AMPAR/kainate receptor component was 0.22 (1 ms pulses of 10 mM glutamate). 3. The AMPAR/kainate receptor component, which was studied in isolation in the presence of D-AP5, was identified as AMPAR mediated on the basis of the preferential activation by AMPA as compared with kainate, the weak desensitization of kainate-activated currents, the cross-desensitization between AMPA and kainate, and the reduction of desensitization by cyclothiazide. 4. Deactivation of basket cell AMPARs following 1 ms pulses of glutamate occurred with a time constant (τ) of 1.2 ± 0.1 ms (mean ± S.E.M.). During 100 ms glutamate pulses, AMPARs desensitized with a τ of 3.7 ± 0.2 ms. 5. The peak current-voltage (I-V) relation of AMPAR-mediated currents in Na+-rich extracellular solution showed a reversal potential of -4.0 ± 2.6 mV and was characterized by a doubly rectifying shape. The conductance of single AMPAR channels was estimated as 22.6 ± 1.6 pS using non-stationary fluctuation analysis. AMPARs expressed in hippocampal basket cells mere highly Ca2+ permeable (P(Ca)/P(K) = 1.79). 6. NMDARs in hippocampal basket cells were studied in isolation in the presence of CNQX. Deactivation of NMDARs activated by glutamate pulses occurred bi-exponentially with mean τ values of 266 ± 23 ms (76%) and 2620 ± 383 ms (24%). 7. The peak I-V relation of the NMDAR-mediated component in Na+-rich extracellular solution showed a reversal potential of 1.5 ± 0.6 mV and a region of negative slope at negative membrane potentials in the presence of external Mg2+, due to voltage-dependent block by these ions. The conductance of single NMDAR channels in the main open state was 50.2 ± 1.8 pS. NMDARs in hippocampal basket cells were highly permeable to Ca2+ (P(Ca)/P(K) = 6.68). 8. AMPARs in hippocampal basket cells are characterized by about threefold faster kinetics and twentyfold higher Ca2+ permeability than AMPARs in hippocampal granule or pyramidal cells. Simulations show that the Ca2+ influx through basket cell AMPARs is comparable to that through NMDARs at negative membrane potentials with physiological concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+. This suggests a dual pathway of synaptically mediated Ca2+ entry into interneurones.","lang":"eng"}],"oa":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["7545230"]},"page":"383 - 402"},{"title":"Relative abundance of subunit mRNAs determines gating and Ca(2+) permeability of AMPA receptors in principal neurons and interneurons in rat CNS","volume":15,"status":"public","day":"01","author":[{"full_name":"Geiger, Jörg","last_name":"Geiger","first_name":"Jörg"},{"first_name":"Thorsten","last_name":"Melcher","full_name":"Melcher, Thorsten"},{"first_name":"Duk","last_name":"Koh","full_name":"Koh, Duk"},{"last_name":"Sakmann","first_name":"Bert","full_name":"Sakmann, Bert"},{"full_name":"Seeburg, Peter","first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Seeburg"},{"full_name":"Jonas, Peter M","orcid":"0000-0001-5001-4804","last_name":"Jonas","first_name":"Peter M","id":"353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87"},{"full_name":"Monyer, Hannah","last_name":"Monyer","first_name":"Hannah"}],"oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:03:33Z","type":"journal_article","_id":"3480","issue":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","publication":"Neuron","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Elsevier","date_updated":"2022-06-28T07:47:09Z","publist_id":"2907","month":"07","date_published":"1995-07-01T00:00:00Z","article_type":"original","scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0896627395900764?via%3Dihub"}],"pmid":1,"intvolume":" 15","year":"1995","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0896-6273"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"acknowledgement":"We thank Ulla Amtmann for efficient help with the molecular analysis. We also thank M. Kaiser for technical assistance, Dr. J. G. G. Borst for advice concerning preparation of brainstem slices, and Drs. N. Spruston and G. Stuart for critically reading the manuscript. Funded in part by Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie grant BCT 364 AZ 321/7291 (P. H. S.) and by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaftgrant SFB-3171814(P. J.). J. R. P. G. and T. M. were supported by the graduate program of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology of the University of Heidelberg. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby\r\nmarked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 USC Section 1734 solely to Indicate this fact.","doi":"10.1016/0896-6273(95)90076-4","citation":{"short":"J. Geiger, T. Melcher, D. Koh, B. Sakmann, P. Seeburg, P.M. Jonas, H. Monyer, Neuron 15 (1995) 193–204.","chicago":"Geiger, Jörg, Thorsten Melcher, Duk Koh, Bert Sakmann, Peter Seeburg, Peter M Jonas, and Hannah Monyer. “Relative Abundance of Subunit MRNAs Determines Gating and Ca(2+) Permeability of AMPA Receptors in Principal Neurons and Interneurons in Rat CNS.” Neuron. Elsevier, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90076-4.","apa":"Geiger, J., Melcher, T., Koh, D., Sakmann, B., Seeburg, P., Jonas, P. M., & Monyer, H. (1995). Relative abundance of subunit mRNAs determines gating and Ca(2+) permeability of AMPA receptors in principal neurons and interneurons in rat CNS. Neuron. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6273(95)90076-4","mla":"Geiger, Jörg, et al. “Relative Abundance of Subunit MRNAs Determines Gating and Ca(2+) Permeability of AMPA Receptors in Principal Neurons and Interneurons in Rat CNS.” Neuron, vol. 15, no. 1, Elsevier, 1995, pp. 193–204, doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90076-4.","ieee":"J. Geiger et al., “Relative abundance of subunit mRNAs determines gating and Ca(2+) permeability of AMPA receptors in principal neurons and interneurons in rat CNS,” Neuron, vol. 15, no. 1. Elsevier, pp. 193–204, 1995.","ista":"Geiger J, Melcher T, Koh D, Sakmann B, Seeburg P, Jonas PM, Monyer H. 1995. Relative abundance of subunit mRNAs determines gating and Ca(2+) permeability of AMPA receptors in principal neurons and interneurons in rat CNS. Neuron. 15(1), 193–204.","ama":"Geiger J, Melcher T, Koh D, et al. Relative abundance of subunit mRNAs determines gating and Ca(2+) permeability of AMPA receptors in principal neurons and interneurons in rat CNS. Neuron. 1995;15(1):193-204. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90076-4"},"quality_controlled":"1","extern":"1","oa":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Recording of glutamate-activated currents in membrane patches was combine with RT-PCR-mediated AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunit mRNA analysis in single identified cells of rat brain slices. Analysis of AMPARs in principal neurons end interneurons of hippocampus and neocortex and in auditory relay neurons and Bergmann glial cells indicates that the GluR-B subunit in its flip version determines formation of receptors with relatively slow gating, whereas the GluR-D subunit promotes assembly of more rapidly gated receptors. The relation between Ca 2+ permeability of AMPAR channels and the relative GluR-B mRNA abundance is consistent with the dominance of this subunit in determining the Ca 2+ permeability of native receptors. The results suggest that differential expression of GluR-B and GluR-D subunit genes, as well as splicing end editing of their mRNAs, account for the differences in gating and Ca 2+ permeability of native AMPAR channels."}],"page":"193 - 204","external_id":{"pmid":["7619522"]}},{"status":"public","title":"Block of native Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors in rat brain by intracellular polyamines generates double rectification","volume":486,"day":"15","author":[{"full_name":"Koh, Duk","last_name":"Koh","first_name":"Duk"},{"last_name":"Burnashev","first_name":"Nail","full_name":"Burnashev, Nail"},{"orcid":"0000-0001-5001-4804","full_name":"Jonas, Peter M","last_name":"Jonas","id":"353C1B58-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Peter M"}],"publication":"Journal of Physiology","issue":"Pt 2","_id":"3481","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"No","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:03:33Z","oa_version":"Published Version","publist_id":"2906","date_updated":"2022-06-27T14:53:16Z","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","publication_status":"published","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","article_type":"original","month":"07","date_published":"1995-07-15T00:00:00Z","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1156754/"}],"intvolume":" 486","pmid":1,"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0022-3751"]},"year":"1995","acknowledgement":"We thank Dr B.Sakmann, Dr V.Witzemann, J.Geiger, and A.Roth for helpful discussions and Dr D.Feldmeyer and Dr A.Villarroel for reading the manuscript. We also thank M.Kaiser for technical and H.Spiegel for secretarial assistance. Supported by DFG grant SFB-317/B14(P.J.).","extern":"1","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"chicago":"Koh, Duk, Nail Burnashev, and Peter M Jonas. “Block of Native Ca(2+)-Permeable AMPA Receptors in Rat Brain by Intracellular Polyamines Generates Double Rectification.” Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020813.","short":"D. Koh, N. Burnashev, P.M. Jonas, Journal of Physiology 486 (1995) 305–312.","apa":"Koh, D., Burnashev, N., & Jonas, P. M. (1995). Block of native Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors in rat brain by intracellular polyamines generates double rectification. Journal of Physiology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020813","mla":"Koh, Duk, et al. “Block of Native Ca(2+)-Permeable AMPA Receptors in Rat Brain by Intracellular Polyamines Generates Double Rectification.” Journal of Physiology, vol. 486, no. Pt 2, Wiley-Blackwell, 1995, pp. 305–12, doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020813.","ieee":"D. Koh, N. Burnashev, and P. M. Jonas, “Block of native Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors in rat brain by intracellular polyamines generates double rectification,” Journal of Physiology, vol. 486, no. Pt 2. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 305–312, 1995.","ista":"Koh D, Burnashev N, Jonas PM. 1995. Block of native Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors in rat brain by intracellular polyamines generates double rectification. Journal of Physiology. 486(Pt 2), 305–312.","ama":"Koh D, Burnashev N, Jonas PM. Block of native Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors in rat brain by intracellular polyamines generates double rectification. Journal of Physiology. 1995;486(Pt 2):305-312. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020813"},"doi":"10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020813","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"1. The influence of intracellular factors on current rectification of different subtypes of native α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate receptors (AMPARs) was studied in rat brain slices by combining fast application of glutamate with patch pipette perfusion. 2. The peak current-voltage (I-V) relation of the AMPARs expressed in Bergmann glial cells of cerebellum and dentate gyrus (DG) basket cells of hippocampus was weakly rectifying in outside-out patches and nystatin-perforated vesicles, but showed a doubly rectifying shape with a region of reduced slope between 0 and +40 mV in nucleated patches. The I-V relation of AMPARs expressed in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurones was linear in all recording configurations. 3. Intracellular application of 2.5 μM spermine, a naturally occurring polyamine, blocked outward currents in outside-oat patches from Bergmann glial cells and DG basket cells in a voltage-dependent manner, generating I-V relations with a doubly rectifying shape which were similar to those recorded in nucleated patches. AMPARs in CA3 pyramidal cell patches were unaffected by 25 μM spermine. 4. The half-maximal blocking concentration of spermine at +40 mV was 0.3 μM in Bergmann glial cell patches and 1.5 μM in DG basket cell patches, whereas it was much higher (≥ 100 μM) for CA3 pyramidal. cell patches. Spermidine also affected current rectification, but with lower affinity. The block of outward current by polyamines following voltage jumps developed within < 0.5 ms. 5. We conclude that current rectification, rather than being an intrinsic property of the Ca2+ permeable AMPAR channel, is generated by polyamine block."}],"oa":1,"external_id":{"pmid":["7473198"]},"page":"305 - 312"},{"oa":1,"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Observations on the means, variances, and covariances of quantitative traits across hybrid zones can give information similar to that from Mendelian markers. In addition, they can identify particular traits through which the cline is maintained. We describe a survey of six traits across the hybrid zone between Bombina bombina and Bombina variegata (Amphibia: Discoglossidae) near Pescenica in Croatia. We obtained laboratory measuments of the belly pattern, skin thickness, mating call, skeletal form, egg size, and the developmental time of tadpoles. Although offspring from hybrid populations showed no evidence of reduced viability, a third of the F1 families failed completely, irrespective of the direction of the cross. All traits differed significantly between the taxa. Clines in belly pattern, skin thickness, mating call, and skeletal form were closely concordant with clines in four diagnostic enzyme loci. However, the cline in developmental time was displaced towards bombina, and the cline in egg size was displaced towards variegata. This discordance could be because the traits are not inherited additively or because they are subject to different selection pressures. We favor the latter explanation in the case of developmental time. We show that moderate selection acting directly on a trait suffices to shift its position; rather stronger selection is needed to change its width appreciably. Within hybrid populations, there are significant associations among quantitative traits, and between traits and enzymes. Phenotypic variances also increase in hybrid populations. These observations can be explained by linkage disequilibria among the underlying loci. However, the average magnitude of the covariance between traits is about half that expected from the linkage disequilibria between enzyme loci. The discrepancy is not readily explained by nonadditive gene action. This puzzle is now unresolved and calls for further investigation."}],"page":"1224 - 1238","year":"1995","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0014-3820"]},"intvolume":" 49","citation":{"apa":"Nürnberger, B., Barton, N. H., Maccallum, C., Gilchrist, J., & Appleby, M. (1995). Natural selection on quantitative traits in the Bombina hybrid zone. Evolution. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04449.x","chicago":"Nürnberger, Beate, Nicholas H Barton, Catriona Maccallum, Jason Gilchrist, and Michael Appleby. “Natural Selection on Quantitative Traits in the Bombina Hybrid Zone.” Evolution. Wiley-Blackwell, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04449.x.","short":"B. Nürnberger, N.H. Barton, C. Maccallum, J. Gilchrist, M. Appleby, Evolution 49 (1995) 1224–1238.","ieee":"B. Nürnberger, N. H. Barton, C. Maccallum, J. Gilchrist, and M. Appleby, “Natural selection on quantitative traits in the Bombina hybrid zone,” Evolution, vol. 49, no. 6. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 1224–1238, 1995.","ista":"Nürnberger B, Barton NH, Maccallum C, Gilchrist J, Appleby M. 1995. Natural selection on quantitative traits in the Bombina hybrid zone. Evolution. 49(6), 1224–1238.","mla":"Nürnberger, Beate, et al. “Natural Selection on Quantitative Traits in the Bombina Hybrid Zone.” Evolution, vol. 49, no. 6, Wiley-Blackwell, 1995, pp. 1224–38, doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04449.x.","ama":"Nürnberger B, Barton NH, Maccallum C, Gilchrist J, Appleby M. Natural selection on quantitative traits in the Bombina hybrid zone. Evolution. 1995;49(6):1224-1238. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04449.x"},"doi":"10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04449.x","quality_controlled":"1","extern":"1","acknowledgement":"The project would not have been possible without F. Perovic's extensive knowledge of the natural history of the Pegdenica area, and his assistance in the field. Particular thanks are due to the Perovie family for their generous hospitality. The Croatian Museum of Natural History and the Croatian Ministry of the Environment were helpful in granting all the necessary permits. J. Szymura assisted with allozyme tech-niques and in sharing unpublished data from his original survey of the area. M. Davidson and K. Grant prepared the histological specimens, and G. Patterson volunteered time and expertise in X-raying our toads. All members of L. Partridge's lab generously provided us with toad food on a daily basis, in the form of uncountably many spare Drosophila. G. Malarky and M. Oh stoically coped with much tedious toad care. We thank W. G. Hill, L. Kruuk, D. Rand, J. Szymura, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by a grant from the Natural Environment Research Council (GR3/8002) to N.B. ","date_published":"1995-12-01T00:00:00Z","month":"12","article_type":"original","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","publication_status":"published","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","date_updated":"2022-06-27T12:58:02Z","publist_id":"2747","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb04449.x","open_access":"1"}],"scopus_import":"1","day":"01","volume":49,"title":"Natural selection on quantitative traits in the Bombina hybrid zone","status":"public","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:04:22Z","oa_version":"Published Version","article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"3636","type":"journal_article","issue":"6","publication":"Evolution","author":[{"full_name":"Nürnberger, Beate","first_name":"Beate","last_name":"Nürnberger"},{"first_name":"Nicholas H","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Barton","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240"},{"last_name":"Maccallum","first_name":"Catriona","full_name":"Maccallum, Catriona"},{"last_name":"Gilchrist","first_name":"Jason","full_name":"Gilchrist, Jason"},{"last_name":"Appleby","first_name":"Michael","full_name":"Appleby, Michael"}]},{"scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1206655/"}],"publication_status":"published","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","date_updated":"2022-06-24T09:59:08Z","publist_id":"2743","publisher":"Genetics Society of America","article_type":"original","date_published":"1995-06-01T00:00:00Z","month":"06","author":[{"full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","first_name":"Nicholas H","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Barton"}],"date_created":"2018-12-11T12:04:23Z","oa_version":"Published Version","publication":"Genetics","issue":"2","_id":"3640","type":"journal_article","article_processing_charge":"No","volume":140,"title":"Linkage and the limits to natural selection","status":"public","day":"01","page":"821 - 841","external_id":{"pmid":["7498757"]},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"The probability of fixation of a favorable mutation is reduced if selection at other loci causes inherited variation in fitness. A general method for calculating the fixation probability of an allele that can find itself in a variety of genetic backgrounds is applied to find the effect of substitutions, fluctuating polymorphisms, and deleterious mutations in a large population. With loose linkage, r, the effects depend on the additive genetic variance in relative fitness, var(W), and act by reducing effective population size by (N/Ne) = 1 + var(W)/2r2. However, tightly linked loci can have a substantial effect not predictable from Ne. Linked deleterious mutations reduce the fixation probability of weakly favored alleles by exp (-2U/R), where U is the total mutation rate and R is the map length in Morgans. Substitutions can cause a greater reduction: an allele with advantage s < scrit = (pi 2/6) loge (S/s) [var(W)/R] is very unlikely to be fixed. (S is the advantage of the substitution impeding fixation.) Fluctuating polymorphisms at many (n) linked loci can also have a substantial effect, reducing fixation probability by exp [square root of 2Kn var(W)/R] [K = -1/E((u-u)2/uv) depending on the frequencies (u,v) at the selected polymorphisms]. Hitchhiking due to all three kinds of selection may substantially impede adaptation that depends on weakly favored alleles."}],"oa":1,"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"mla":"Barton, Nicholas H. “Linkage and the Limits to Natural Selection.” Genetics, vol. 140, no. 2, Genetics Society of America, 1995, pp. 821–41, doi:http://www.genetics.org/content/140/2/821.long.","ieee":"N. H. Barton, “Linkage and the limits to natural selection,” Genetics, vol. 140, no. 2. Genetics Society of America, pp. 821–841, 1995.","ista":"Barton NH. 1995. Linkage and the limits to natural selection. Genetics. 140(2), 821–841.","short":"N.H. Barton, Genetics 140 (1995) 821–841.","chicago":"Barton, Nicholas H. “Linkage and the Limits to Natural Selection.” Genetics. Genetics Society of America, 1995. http://www.genetics.org/content/140/2/821.long.","apa":"Barton, N. H. (1995). Linkage and the limits to natural selection. Genetics. Genetics Society of America. http://www.genetics.org/content/140/2/821.long","ama":"Barton NH. Linkage and the limits to natural selection. Genetics. 1995;140(2):821-841. doi:http://www.genetics.org/content/140/2/821.long"},"doi":"http://www.genetics.org/content/140/2/821.long","extern":"1","intvolume":" 140","pmid":1,"year":"1995","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0016-6731"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}]},{"publist_id":"2095","date_updated":"2022-06-27T08:14:48Z","publisher":"Springer","publication_status":"published","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","article_type":"original","month":"12","date_published":"1995-12-01T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02574053","open_access":"1"}],"status":"public","title":"The union of balls and its dual shape","volume":13,"day":"01","author":[{"last_name":"Edelsbrunner","id":"3FB178DA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","first_name":"Herbert","orcid":"0000-0002-9823-6833","full_name":"Edelsbrunner, Herbert"}],"publication":"Discrete & Computational Geometry","_id":"4028","issue":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","type":"journal_article","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:06:31Z","oa_version":"Published Version","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Efficient algorithms are described for computing topological, combinatorial, and metric properties of the union of finitely many spherical balls in R(d) These algorithms are based on a simplicial complex dual to a decomposition of the union of balls using Voronoi cells, and on short inclusion-exclusion formulas derived from this complex. The algorithms are most relevant in R(3) where unions of finitely many balls are commonly used as models of molecules."}],"oa":1,"page":"415 - 440","intvolume":" 13","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0179-5376"]},"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"1995","acknowledgement":"This work is supported by the National Science Foundation, under Grant ASC-9200301, and the Alan T. Waterman award, Grant CCR-9118874. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Science Foundation.","extern":"1","quality_controlled":"1","doi":"10.1007/BF02574053","citation":{"ama":"Edelsbrunner H. The union of balls and its dual shape. Discrete & Computational Geometry. 1995;13(1):415-440. doi:10.1007/BF02574053","ista":"Edelsbrunner H. 1995. The union of balls and its dual shape. Discrete & Computational Geometry. 13(1), 415–440.","ieee":"H. Edelsbrunner, “The union of balls and its dual shape,” Discrete & Computational Geometry, vol. 13, no. 1. Springer, pp. 415–440, 1995.","mla":"Edelsbrunner, Herbert. “The Union of Balls and Its Dual Shape.” Discrete & Computational Geometry, vol. 13, no. 1, Springer, 1995, pp. 415–40, doi:10.1007/BF02574053.","apa":"Edelsbrunner, H. (1995). The union of balls and its dual shape. Discrete & Computational Geometry. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02574053","chicago":"Edelsbrunner, Herbert. “The Union of Balls and Its Dual Shape.” Discrete & Computational Geometry. Springer, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02574053.","short":"H. Edelsbrunner, Discrete & Computational Geometry 13 (1995) 415–440."}},{"year":"1995","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0014-3820"]},"intvolume":" 49","pmid":1,"quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"short":"L. Partridge, B. Barrie, N.H. Barton, K. Fowler, V. French, Evolution 49 (1995) 538–544.","chicago":"Partridge, Linda, Brian Barrie, Nicholas H Barton, Kevin Fowler, and Vernon French. “Rapid Laboratory Evolution of Adult Life History Traits in Drosophila Melanogaster in Response to Temperature.” Evolution. Wiley-Blackwell, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb02285.x.","apa":"Partridge, L., Barrie, B., Barton, N. H., Fowler, K., & French, V. (1995). Rapid laboratory evolution of adult life history traits in Drosophila melanogaster in response to temperature. Evolution. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb02285.x","mla":"Partridge, Linda, et al. “Rapid Laboratory Evolution of Adult Life History Traits in Drosophila Melanogaster in Response to Temperature.” Evolution, vol. 49, no. 3, Wiley-Blackwell, 1995, pp. 538–44, doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb02285.x.","ieee":"L. Partridge, B. Barrie, N. H. Barton, K. Fowler, and V. French, “Rapid laboratory evolution of adult life history traits in Drosophila melanogaster in response to temperature,” Evolution, vol. 49, no. 3. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 538–544, 1995.","ista":"Partridge L, Barrie B, Barton NH, Fowler K, French V. 1995. Rapid laboratory evolution of adult life history traits in Drosophila melanogaster in response to temperature. Evolution. 49(3), 538–544.","ama":"Partridge L, Barrie B, Barton NH, Fowler K, French V. Rapid laboratory evolution of adult life history traits in Drosophila melanogaster in response to temperature. Evolution. 1995;49(3):538-544. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb02285.x"},"doi":"10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb02285.x","extern":"1","acknowledgement":"We thank Natural Environment Research Council and the Royal Society for financial support.","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Three replicate lines of Drosophila melanogaster were cultured at each of two temperatures (16.5⚬C and 25⚬C) in population cages for 4 yr. The lifespans of both sexes and the fecundity and fertility of the females were then measured at both experimental temperatures. The characters showed evidence of adaptation; flies of both sexes from each selection regime showed higher longevity, and females showed higher fecundity and fertility, than flies from the other selection regime when they were tested at the experimental temperature at which they had evolved. Calculation of intrinsic rates of increase under different assumptions about the rate of population increase showed that the difference between the lines from the two selection regimes became less the higher the rate of population increase, because the lines were more similar in early adulthood than they were later. Despite the increased adaptation of the low-temperature lines to the low temperature, like the high temperature lines they produced progeny at a higher rate at the higher temperature. The lines may have independently evolved adaptations to their respective thermal regimes during the experiment, or there may have been a trade-off between adaptation to the two temperatures, or mutation pressure may have lowered adaptation to the temperature that the flies no longer encountered."}],"oa":1,"page":"538 - 544","external_id":{"pmid":["28565092 "]},"day":"01","title":"Rapid laboratory evolution of adult life history traits in Drosophila melanogaster in response to temperature","volume":49,"status":"public","oa_version":"Published Version","date_created":"2018-12-11T12:08:06Z","publication":"Evolution","article_processing_charge":"No","_id":"4296","issue":"3","type":"journal_article","author":[{"last_name":"Partridge","first_name":"Linda","full_name":"Partridge, Linda"},{"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Barrie","full_name":"Barrie, Brian"},{"first_name":"Nicholas H","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Barton","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240"},{"first_name":"Kevin","last_name":"Fowler","full_name":"Fowler, Kevin"},{"first_name":"Vernon","last_name":"French","full_name":"French, Vernon"}],"article_type":"original","date_published":"1995-06-01T00:00:00Z","month":"06","publication_status":"published","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","publist_id":"1778","date_updated":"2022-06-13T08:42:11Z","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb02285.x"}],"scopus_import":"1"},{"intvolume":" 49","pmid":1,"year":"1995","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0014-3820"]},"acknowledgement":"For field assistance in collecting and mapping of the zone, we thank E. Arevalo, I. Goyenechea, D. Hutchison, M. Man- cilia, F. Mendoza, D. Mink, and J. and H. Sites. The mark- recapture work was carried out by M. Mancilla, F Mendoza, and A. Gonzales. J.W.S. also thanks T. Hinckley and D. Stevens of the Brigham Young University Department of Geography for lessons in surveying and map making and use of the field equipment and planimeter. B. Nürnberger provided the digitized coordinates for individual lizards and assisted with the analysis of spatial structure and viability. B. Nürnberger, C. MacCallum, J. Mallet, and J. Searle also provided helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants BSR 85- 09092 and 88-22751 to J.W.S., and grants from the Science and Engineering Research Council (GR/H09929) and Natural Environment Research Council (GR3/8002) and the DarwinTrust to N.H.B. The Mexican agency Secretaria de DesarrolloUrbano y Ecologia (now Secretaria de Desarrollo Social) kindly provided scientific collecting permits (to E. Arévalo) for field work in 1989 and 1991.","quality_controlled":"1","citation":{"ama":"Sites J, Barton NH, Reed K. The genetic structure of a mosaic hybrid zone between two chromosome races of the Sceloporus grammicus complex (Sauria, Phrynosomatidae) in central Mexico. Evolution. 1995;49(1):9-36. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb05955.x","mla":"Sites, Jack, et al. “The Genetic Structure of a Mosaic Hybrid Zone between Two Chromosome Races of the Sceloporus Grammicus Complex (Sauria, Phrynosomatidae) in Central Mexico.” Evolution, vol. 49, no. 1, Wiley-Blackwell, 1995, pp. 9–36, doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb05955.x.","ista":"Sites J, Barton NH, Reed K. 1995. The genetic structure of a mosaic hybrid zone between two chromosome races of the Sceloporus grammicus complex (Sauria, Phrynosomatidae) in central Mexico. Evolution. 49(1), 9–36.","ieee":"J. Sites, N. H. Barton, and K. Reed, “The genetic structure of a mosaic hybrid zone between two chromosome races of the Sceloporus grammicus complex (Sauria, Phrynosomatidae) in central Mexico,” Evolution, vol. 49, no. 1. Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 9–36, 1995.","short":"J. Sites, N.H. Barton, K. Reed, Evolution 49 (1995) 9–36.","chicago":"Sites, Jack, Nicholas H Barton, and Kent Reed. “The Genetic Structure of a Mosaic Hybrid Zone between Two Chromosome Races of the Sceloporus Grammicus Complex (Sauria, Phrynosomatidae) in Central Mexico.” Evolution. Wiley-Blackwell, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb05955.x.","apa":"Sites, J., Barton, N. H., & Reed, K. (1995). The genetic structure of a mosaic hybrid zone between two chromosome races of the Sceloporus grammicus complex (Sauria, Phrynosomatidae) in central Mexico. Evolution. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb05955.x"},"doi":"10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb05955.x","extern":"1","abstract":[{"text":"The F5 (2n = 34) and FM2 (2n = 44-46) chromosome races of the Sceloporus grammicus complex form a parapatric hybrid zone in the Mexican state of Hidalgo, characterized by steep concordant clines among three diagnostic chromosome markers across a straight-line distance of about 2 km. Here, we show that this zone is actually structured into local patches in which hybridization extends over an extremely irregular front. The distribution of hybrid-index (HI) scores across the transect reveals some hybridization at almost all localities mapped in a central 7 km x 3 km area. Pooling the central samples produces both a strong heterozygote deficit for all diagnostic markers and strong linkage disequilibria between all pairwise combinations of these (unlinked) markers. Moreover, a highly significant association exists between the habitat on which each individual was caught and its karyotype (F5 chromosomes are more likely to be found on oak). Analysis of genotype frequencies over a range of spatial scales shows that there is no significant heterozygote deficit or habitat association within local areas of less than about 200 m; however, there is significant linkage disequilibrium over the smallest scales (R = D (pquv)1/2 = 0.29, support limits, 0.18-0.36) over 100 m. These patterns suggest that lizards mate and choose habitats randomly within local patches. This conclusion is supported by mark-recapture estimates of dispersal (≈ 80 m in a generation) and by inference of matings from embryo and maternal karyotypes. Closer examination of the two-dimensional pattern reveals a convoluted cline for all three markers, with a width of 830 m (support limits 770 m-930 m). This cline width, combined with the strength of local linkage disequilibrium, implies a dispersal rate of σ = 160 m in a generation and an effective selection pressure of 30% on each chromosome marker. The proportion of inviable embryos is greater in females from the center of the hybrid zone; this is caused by effects associated with both karyotype and location. The hybrid zone is likely to be maintained by selection against chromosomal heterozygotes, by other kinds of selection against hybrids, and by selection adapting the chromosome races to different habitats. The structure of the contact may be caused by both random drift and by selection in relation to habitat.","lang":"eng"}],"oa":1,"page":"9 - 36","external_id":{"pmid":["28593667"]},"title":"The genetic structure of a mosaic hybrid zone between two chromosome races of the Sceloporus grammicus complex (Sauria, Phrynosomatidae) in central Mexico","volume":49,"status":"public","day":"01","author":[{"first_name":"Jack","last_name":"Sites","full_name":"Sites, Jack"},{"first_name":"Nicholas H","id":"4880FE40-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","last_name":"Barton","orcid":"0000-0002-8548-5240","full_name":"Barton, Nicholas H"},{"full_name":"Reed, Kent","first_name":"Kent","last_name":"Reed"}],"date_created":"2018-12-11T12:08:06Z","oa_version":"Published Version","publication":"Evolution","issue":"1","_id":"4297","article_processing_charge":"No","type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","user_id":"ea97e931-d5af-11eb-85d4-e6957dddbf17","date_updated":"2022-06-13T09:24:40Z","publist_id":"1779","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","article_type":"original","month":"02","date_published":"1995-02-01T00:00:00Z","scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb05955.x"}]}]