@article{11592, abstract = {We compare recent experimental results [Science 375, 528 (2022)] of the superfluid unitary Fermi gas near the critical temperature with a thermodynamic model based on the elementary excitations of the system. We find good agreement between experimental data and our theory for several quantities such as first sound, second sound, and superfluid fraction. We also show that mode mixing between first and second sound occurs. Finally, we characterize the response amplitude to a density perturbation: Close to the critical temperature both first and second sound can be excited through a density perturbation, whereas at lower temperatures only the first sound mode exhibits a significant response.}, author = {Bighin, Giacomo and Cappellaro, Alberto and Salasnich, L.}, issn = {2469-9934}, journal = {Physical Review A}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Unitary Fermi superfluid near the critical temperature: Thermodynamics and sound modes from elementary excitations}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.105.063329}, volume = {105}, year = {2022}, } @article{11593, abstract = {A drawing of a graph on a surface is independently even if every pair of nonadjacent edges in the drawing crosses an even number of times. The Z2 -genus of a graph G is the minimum g such that G has an independently even drawing on the orientable surface of genus g. An unpublished result by Robertson and Seymour implies that for every t, every graph of sufficiently large genus contains as a minor a projective t×t grid or one of the following so-called t -Kuratowski graphs: K3,t, or t copies of K5 or K3,3 sharing at most two common vertices. We show that the Z2-genus of graphs in these families is unbounded in t; in fact, equal to their genus. Together, this implies that the genus of a graph is bounded from above by a function of its Z2-genus, solving a problem posed by Schaefer and Štefankovič, and giving an approximate version of the Hanani–Tutte theorem on orientable surfaces. We also obtain an analogous result for Euler genus and Euler Z2-genus of graphs.}, author = {Fulek, Radoslav and Kynčl, Jan}, issn = {1432-0444}, journal = {Discrete and Computational Geometry}, pages = {425--447}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{The Z2-Genus of Kuratowski minors}}, doi = {10.1007/s00454-022-00412-w}, volume = {68}, year = {2022}, } @article{11601, abstract = {We present the third and final data release of the K2 Galactic Archaeology Program (K2 GAP) for Campaigns C1–C8 and C10–C18. We provide asteroseismic radius and mass coefficients, κR and κM, for ∼19,000 red giant stars, which translate directly to radius and mass given a temperature. As such, K2 GAP DR3 represents the largest asteroseismic sample in the literature to date. K2 GAP DR3 stellar parameters are calibrated to be on an absolute parallactic scale based on Gaia DR2, with red giant branch and red clump evolutionary state classifications provided via a machine-learning approach. Combining these stellar parameters with GALAH DR3 spectroscopy, we determine asteroseismic ages with precisions of ∼20%–30% and compare age-abundance relations to Galactic chemical evolution models among both low- and high-α populations for α, light, iron-peak, and neutron-capture elements. We confirm recent indications in the literature of both increased Ba production at late Galactic times as well as significant contributions to r-process enrichment from prompt sources associated with, e.g., core-collapse supernovae. With an eye toward other Galactic archeology applications, we characterize K2 GAP DR3 uncertainties and completeness using injection tests, suggesting that K2 GAP DR3 is largely unbiased in mass/age, with uncertainties of 2.9% (stat.) ± 0.1% (syst.) and 6.7% (stat.) ± 0.3% (syst.) in κR and κM for red giant branch stars and 4.7% (stat.) ± 0.3% (syst.) and 11% (stat.) ± 0.9% (syst.) for red clump stars. We also identify percent-level asteroseismic systematics, which are likely related to the time baseline of the underlying data, and which therefore should be considered in TESS asteroseismic analysis.}, author = {Zinn, Joel C. and Stello, Dennis and Elsworth, Yvonne and García, Rafael A. and Kallinger, Thomas and Mathur, Savita and Mosser, Benoît and Hon, Marc and Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle and Jones, Caitlin and Reyes, Claudia and Sharma, Sanjib and Schönrich, Ralph and Warfield, Jack T. and Luger, Rodrigo and Vanderburg, Andrew and Kobayashi, Chiaki and Pinsonneault, Marc H. and Johnson, Jennifer A. and Huber, Daniel and Buder, Sven and Joyce, Meridith and Bland-Hawthorn, Joss and Casagrande, Luca and Lewis, Geraint F. and Miglio, Andrea and Nordlander, Thomas and Davies, Guy R. and Silva, Gayandhi De and Chaplin, William J. and Silva Aguirre, Victor}, issn = {1538-4357}, journal = {The Astrophysical Journal}, keywords = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{The K2 Galactic Archaeology Program data release 3: Age-abundance patterns in C1–C8 and C10–C18}}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ac2c83}, volume = {926}, year = {2022}, } @article{11602, abstract = {During the survey phase of the Kepler mission, several thousand stars were observed in short cadence, allowing for the detection of solar-like oscillations in more than 500 main-sequence and subgiant stars. These detections showed the power of asteroseismology in determining fundamental stellar parameters. However, the Kepler Science Office discovered an issue in the calibration that affected half of the store of short-cadence data, leading to a new data release (DR25) with corrections on the light curves. In this work, we re-analyzed the one-month time series of the Kepler survey phase to search for solar-like oscillations that might have been missed when using the previous data release. We studied the seismic parameters of 99 stars, among which there are 46 targets with new reported solar-like oscillations, increasing, by around 8%, the known sample of solar-like stars with an asteroseismic analysis of the short-cadence data from this mission. The majority of these stars have mid- to high-resolution spectroscopy publicly available with the LAMOST and APOGEE surveys, respectively, as well as precise Gaia parallaxes. We computed the masses and radii using seismic scaling relations and we find that this new sample features massive stars (above 1.2 M⊙ and up to 2 M⊙) and subgiants. We determined the granulation parameters and amplitude of the modes, which agree with the scaling relations derived for dwarfs and subgiants. The stars studied here are slightly fainter than the previously known sample of main-sequence and subgiants with asteroseismic detections. We also studied the surface rotation and magnetic activity levels of those stars. Our sample of 99 stars has similar levels of activity compared to the previously known sample and is in the same range as the Sun between the minimum and maximum of its activity cycle. We find that for seven stars, a possible blend could be the reason for the non-detection with the early data release. Finally, we compared the radii obtained from the scaling relations with the Gaia ones and we find that the Gaia radii are overestimated by 4.4%, on average, compared to the seismic radii, with a scatter of 12.3% and a decreasing trend according to the evolutionary stage. In addition, for homogeneity purposes, we re-analyzed the DR25 of the main-sequence and subgiant stars with solar-like oscillations that were previously detected and, as a result, we provide the global seismic parameters for a total of 525 stars.}, author = {Mathur, S. and García, R. A. and Breton, S. and Santos, A. R. G. and Mosser, B. and Huber, D. and Sayeed, M. and Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle and Chontos, A.}, issn = {1432-0746}, journal = {Astronomy & Astrophysics}, keywords = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, title = {{Detections of solar-like oscillations in dwarfs and subgiants with Kepler DR25 short-cadence data}}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202141168}, volume = {657}, year = {2022}, } @article{11621, abstract = {Context. Asteroseismology has revealed small core-to-surface rotation contrasts in stars in the whole Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. This is the signature of strong transport of angular momentum (AM) in stellar interiors. One of the plausible candidates to efficiently carry AM is magnetic fields with various topologies that could be present in stellar radiative zones. Among them, strong axisymmetric azimuthal (toroidal) magnetic fields have received a lot of interest. Indeed, if they are subject to the so-called Tayler instability, the accompanying triggered Maxwell stresses can transport AM efficiently. In addition, the electromotive force induced by the fluctuations of magnetic and velocity fields could potentially sustain a dynamo action that leads to the regeneration of the initial strong axisymmetric azimuthal magnetic field. Aims. The key question we aim to answer is whether we can detect signatures of these deep strong azimuthal magnetic fields. The only way to answer this question is asteroseismology, and the best laboratories of study are intermediate-mass and massive stars with external radiative envelopes. Most of these are rapid rotators during their main sequence. Therefore, we have to study stellar pulsations propagating in stably stratified, rotating, and potentially strongly magnetised radiative zones, namely magneto-gravito-inertial (MGI) waves. Methods. We generalise the traditional approximation of rotation (TAR) by simultaneously taking general axisymmetric differential rotation and azimuthal magnetic fields into account. Both the Coriolis acceleration and the Lorentz force are therefore treated in a non-perturbative way. Using this new formalism, we derive the asymptotic properties of MGI waves and their period spacings. Results. We find that toroidal magnetic fields induce a shift in the period spacings of gravity (g) and Rossby (r) modes. An equatorial azimuthal magnetic field with an amplitude of the order of 105 G leads to signatures that are detectable in period spacings for high-radial-order g and r modes in γ Doradus (γ Dor) and slowly pulsating B (SPB) stars. More complex hemispheric configurations are more difficult to observe, particularly when they are localised out of the propagation region of MGI modes, which can be localised in an equatorial belt. Conclusions. The magnetic TAR, which takes into account toroidal magnetic fields in a non-perturbative way, is derived. This new formalism allows us to assess the effects of the magnetic field in γ Dor and SPB stars on g and r modes. We find that these effects should be detectable for equatorial fields thanks to modern space photometry using observations from Kepler, TESS CVZ, and PLATO.}, author = {Dhouib, H. and Mathis, S. and Bugnet, Lisa Annabelle and Van Reeth, T. and Aerts, C.}, issn = {1432-0746}, journal = {Astronomy & Astrophysics}, keywords = {Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) / waves / stars, rotation / stars: magnetic field / stars, oscillations / methods}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, title = {{Detecting deep axisymmetric toroidal magnetic fields in stars: The traditional approximation of rotation for differentially rotating deep spherical shells with a general azimuthal magnetic field}}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202142956}, volume = {661}, year = {2022}, } @phdthesis{11626, abstract = {Plant growth and development is well known to be both, flexible and dynamic. The high capacity for post-embryonic organ formation and tissue regeneration requires tightly regulated intercellular communication and coordinated tissue polarization. One of the most important drivers for patterning and polarity in plant development is the phytohormone auxin. Auxin has the unique characteristic to establish polarized channels for its own active directional cell to cell transport. This fascinating phenomenon is called auxin canalization. Those auxin transport channels are characterized by the expression and polar, subcellular localization of PIN auxin efflux carriers. PIN proteins have the ability to dynamically change their localization and auxin itself can affect this by interfering with trafficking. Most of the underlying molecular mechanisms of canalization still remain enigmatic. What is known so far is that canonical auxin signaling is indispensable but also other non-canonical signaling components are thought to play a role. In order to shed light into the mysteries auf auxin canalization this study revisits the branches of auxin signaling in detail. Further a new auxin analogue, PISA, is developed which triggers auxin-like responses but does not directly activate canonical transcriptional auxin signaling. We revisit the direct auxin effect on PIN trafficking where we found that, contradictory to previous observations, auxin is very specifically promoting endocytosis of PIN2 but has no overall effect on endocytosis. Further, we evaluate which cellular processes related to PIN subcellular dynamics are involved in the establishment of auxin conducting channels and the formation of vascular tissue. We are re-evaluating the function of AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN 1 (ABP1) and provide a comprehensive picture about its developmental phneotypes and involvement in auxin signaling and canalization. Lastly, we are focusing on the crosstalk between the hormone strigolactone (SL) and auxin and found that SL is interfering with essentially all processes involved in auxin canalization in a non-transcriptional manner. Lastly we identify a new way of SL perception and signaling which is emanating from mitochondria, is independent of canonical SL signaling and is modulating primary root growth.}, author = {Gallei, Michelle C}, isbn = {978-3-99078-019-0}, issn = {2663-337X}, pages = {248}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Auxin and strigolactone non-canonical signaling regulating development in Arabidopsis thaliana}}, doi = {10.15479/at:ista:11626}, year = {2022}, } @article{11636, abstract = {In [3], Poonen and Slavov recently developed a novel approach to Bertini irreducibility theorems over an arbitrary field, based on random hyperplane slicing. In this paper, we extend their work by proving an analogous bound for the dimension of the exceptional locus in the setting of linear subspaces of higher codimensions.}, author = {Kmentt, Philip and Shute, Alec L}, issn = {10902465}, journal = {Finite Fields and their Applications}, number = {10}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{The Bertini irreducibility theorem for higher codimensional slices}}, doi = {10.1016/j.ffa.2022.102085}, volume = {83}, year = {2022}, } @article{11637, abstract = {The ability to detect and respond to acute oxygen (O2) shortages is indispensable to aerobic life. The molecular mechanisms and circuits underlying this capacity are poorly understood. Here, we characterize the behavioral responses of feeding Caenorhabditis elegans to approximately 1% O2. Acute hypoxia triggers a bout of turning maneuvers followed by a persistent switch to rapid forward movement as animals seek to avoid and escape hypoxia. While the behavioral responses to 1% O2 closely resemble those evoked by 21% O2, they have distinct molecular and circuit underpinnings. Disrupting phosphodiesterases (PDEs), specific G proteins, or BBSome function inhibits escape from 1% O2 due to increased cGMP signaling. A primary source of cGMP is GCY-28, the ortholog of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptor. cGMP activates the protein kinase G EGL-4 and enhances neuroendocrine secretion to inhibit acute responses to 1% O2. Triggering a rise in cGMP optogenetically in multiple neurons, including AIA interneurons, rapidly and reversibly inhibits escape from 1% O2. Ca2+ imaging reveals that a 7% to 1% O2 stimulus evokes a Ca2+ decrease in several neurons. Defects in mitochondrial complex I (MCI) and mitochondrial complex I (MCIII), which lead to persistently high reactive oxygen species (ROS), abrogate acute hypoxia responses. In particular, repressing the expression of isp-1, which encodes the iron sulfur protein of MCIII, inhibits escape from 1% O2 without affecting responses to 21% O2. Both genetic and pharmacological up-regulation of mitochondrial ROS increase cGMP levels, which contribute to the reduced hypoxia responses. Our results implicate ROS and precise regulation of intracellular cGMP in the modulation of acute responses to hypoxia by C. elegans.}, author = {Zhao, Lina and Fenk, Lorenz A. and Nilsson, Lars and Amin-Wetzel, Niko Paresh and Ramirez, Nelson and De Bono, Mario and Chen, Changchun}, issn = {1545-7885}, journal = {PLoS Biology}, number = {6}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, title = {{ROS and cGMP signaling modulate persistent escape from hypoxia in Caenorhabditis elegans}}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.3001684}, volume = {20}, year = {2022}, } @article{11638, abstract = {Statistical inference is central to many scientific endeavors, yet how it works remains unresolved. Answering this requires a quantitative understanding of the intrinsic interplay between statistical models, inference methods, and the structure in the data. To this end, we characterize the efficacy of direct coupling analysis (DCA)—a highly successful method for analyzing amino acid sequence data—in inferring pairwise interactions from samples of ferromagnetic Ising models on random graphs. Our approach allows for physically motivated exploration of qualitatively distinct data regimes separated by phase transitions. We show that inference quality depends strongly on the nature of data-generating distributions: optimal accuracy occurs at an intermediate temperature where the detrimental effects from macroscopic order and thermal noise are minimal. Importantly our results indicate that DCA does not always outperform its local-statistics-based predecessors; while DCA excels at low temperatures, it becomes inferior to simple correlation thresholding at virtually all temperatures when data are limited. Our findings offer insights into the regime in which DCA operates so successfully, and more broadly, how inference interacts with the structure in the data.}, author = {Ngampruetikorn, Vudtiwat and Sachdeva, Vedant and Torrence, Johanna and Humplik, Jan and Schwab, David J. and Palmer, Stephanie E.}, issn = {2643-1564}, journal = {Physical Review Research}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Inferring couplings in networks across order-disorder phase transitions}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.023240}, volume = {4}, year = {2022}, } @article{11639, abstract = {We study the list decodability of different ensembles of codes over the real alphabet under the assumption of an omniscient adversary. It is a well-known result that when the source and the adversary have power constraints P and N respectively, the list decoding capacity is equal to 1/2logP/N. Random spherical codes achieve constant list sizes, and the goal of the present paper is to obtain a better understanding of the smallest achievable list size as a function of the gap to capacity. We show a reduction from arbitrary codes to spherical codes, and derive a lower bound on the list size of typical random spherical codes. We also give an upper bound on the list size achievable using nested Construction-A lattices and infinite Construction-A lattices. We then define and study a class of infinite constellations that generalize Construction-A lattices and prove upper and lower bounds for the same. Other goodness properties such as packing goodness and AWGN goodness of infinite constellations are proved along the way. Finally, we consider random lattices sampled from the Haar distribution and show that if a certain conjecture that originates in analytic number theory is true, then the list size grows as a polynomial function of the gap-to-capacity.}, author = {Zhang, Yihan and Vatedka, Shashank}, issn = {1557-9654}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Information Theory}, number = {12}, pages = {7753--7786}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {{List decoding random Euclidean codes and Infinite constellations}}, doi = {10.1109/TIT.2022.3189542}, volume = {68}, year = {2022}, } @article{11640, abstract = {Spatially explicit population genetic models have long been developed, yet have rarely been used to test hypotheses about the spatial distribution of genetic diversity or the genetic divergence between populations. Here, we use spatially explicit coalescence simulations to explore the properties of the island and the two-dimensional stepping stone models under a wide range of scenarios with spatio-temporal variation in deme size. We avoid the simulation of genetic data, using the fact that under the studied models, summary statistics of genetic diversity and divergence can be approximated from coalescence times. We perform the simulations using gridCoal, a flexible spatial wrapper for the software msprime (Kelleher et al., 2016, Theoretical Population Biology, 95, 13) developed herein. In gridCoal, deme sizes can change arbitrarily across space and time, as well as migration rates between individual demes. We identify different factors that can cause a deviation from theoretical expectations, such as the simulation time in comparison to the effective deme size and the spatio-temporal autocorrelation across the grid. Our results highlight that FST, a measure of the strength of population structure, principally depends on recent demography, which makes it robust to temporal variation in deme size. In contrast, the amount of genetic diversity is dependent on the distant past when Ne is large, therefore longer run times are needed to estimate Ne than FST. Finally, we illustrate the use of gridCoal on a real-world example, the range expansion of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) since the last glacial maximum, using different degrees of spatio-temporal variation in deme size.}, author = {Szep, Eniko and Trubenova, Barbora and Csilléry, Katalin}, issn = {1755-0998}, journal = {Molecular Ecology Resources}, number = {8}, pages = {2941--2955}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Using gridCoal to assess whether standard population genetic theory holds in the presence of spatio-temporal heterogeneity in population size}}, doi = {10.1111/1755-0998.13676}, volume = {22}, year = {2022}, } @article{11648, abstract = {Progress in structural membrane biology has been significantly accelerated by the ongoing 'Resolution Revolution' in cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM). In particular, structure determination by single particle analysis has evolved into the most powerful method for atomic model building of multisubunit membrane protein complexes. This has created an ever increasing demand in cryo-EM machine time, which to satisfy is in need of new and affordable cryo electron microscopes. Here, we review our experience in using the JEOL CRYO ARM 200 prototype for the structure determination by single particle analysis of three different multisubunit membrane complexes: the Thermus thermophilus V-type ATPase VO complex, the Thermosynechococcus elongatus photosystem I monomer and the flagellar motor LP-ring from Salmonella enterica.}, author = {Gerle, Christoph and Kishikawa, Jun-ichi and Yamaguchi, Tomoko and Nakanishi, Atsuko and Çoruh, Mehmet Orkun and Makino, Fumiaki and Miyata, Tomoko and Kawamoto, Akihiro and Yokoyama, Ken and Namba, Keiichi and Kurisu, Genji and Kato, Takayuki}, issn = {2050-5701}, journal = {Microscopy}, keywords = {Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Instrumentation, Structural Biology}, number = {5}, pages = {249--261}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{Structures of multisubunit membrane complexes with the CRYO ARM 200}}, doi = {10.1093/jmicro/dfac037}, volume = {71}, year = {2022}, } @misc{11653, abstract = {Eurasian brine shrimp (genus Artemia) have closely related sexual and asexual lineages of parthenogenetic females, which produce rare males at low frequencies. Although they are known to have ZW chromosomes, these are not well characterized, and it is unclear whether they are shared across the clade. Furthermore, the underlying genetic architecture of the transmission of asexuality, which can occur when rare males mate with closely related sexual females, is not well understood. We produced a chromosome-level assembly for the sexual Eurasian species A. sinica and characterized in detail the pair of sex chromosomes of this species. We combined this new assembly with short-read genomic data for the sexual species A. sp. Kazakhstan and several asexual lineages of A. parthenogenetica, allowing us to perform an in-depth characterization of sex-chromosome evolution across the genus. We identified a small differentiated region of the ZW pair that is shared by all sexual and asexual lineages, supporting the shared ancestry of the sex chromosomes. We also inferred that recombination suppression has spread to larger sections of the chromosome independently in the American and Eurasian lineages. Finally, we took advantage of a rare male, which we backcrossed to sexual females, to explore the genetic basis of asexuality. Our results suggest that parthenogenesis is likely partly controlled by a locus on the Z chromosome, highlighting the interplay between sex determination and asexuality.}, author = {Elkrewi, Marwan N}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Data from Elkrewi, Khauratovich, Toups et al. 2022, "ZW sex-chromosome evolution and contagious parthenogenesis in Artemia brine shrimp"}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:11653}, year = {2022}, } @article{11658, abstract = {The depth of a cell in an arrangement of n (non-vertical) great-spheres in Sd is the number of great-spheres that pass above the cell. We prove Euler-type relations, which imply extensions of the classic Dehn–Sommerville relations for convex polytopes to sublevel sets of the depth function, and we use the relations to extend the expressions for the number of faces of neighborly polytopes to the number of cells of levels in neighborly arrangements.}, author = {Biswas, Ranita and Cultrera di Montesano, Sebastiano and Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Saghafian, Morteza}, journal = {Leibniz International Proceedings on Mathematics}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Depth in arrangements: Dehn–Sommerville–Euler relations with applications}}, year = {2022}, } @article{11660, abstract = {We characterize critical points of 1-dimensional maps paired in persistent homology geometrically and this way get elementary proofs of theorems about the symmetry of persistence diagrams and the variation of such maps. In particular, we identify branching points and endpoints of networks as the sole source of asymmetry and relate the cycle basis in persistent homology with a version of the stable marriage problem. Our analysis provides the foundations of fast algorithms for maintaining collections of interrelated sorted lists together with their persistence diagrams. }, author = {Biswas, Ranita and Cultrera di Montesano, Sebastiano and Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Saghafian, Morteza}, journal = {LIPIcs}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{A window to the persistence of 1D maps. I: Geometric characterization of critical point pairs}}, year = {2022}, } @misc{11686, abstract = {Maternally inherited Wolbachia transinfections are being introduced into natural mosquito populations to reduce the transmission of dengue, Zika and other arboviruses. Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility provides a frequency-dependent reproductive advantage to infected females that can spread transinfections within and among populations. However, because transinfections generally reduce host fitness, they tend to spread within populations only after their frequency exceeds a critical threshold. This produces bistability with stable equilibrium frequencies at both 0 and 1, analogous to the bistability produced by underdominance between alleles or karyotypes and by population dynamics under Allee effects. Here, we analyze how stochastic frequency variation produced by finite population size can facilitate the local spread of variants with bistable dynamics into areas where invasion is unexpected from deterministic models. Our exemplar is the establishment of wMel Wolbachia in the Aedes aegypti population of Pyramid Estates (PE), a small community in far north Queensland, Australia. In 2011, wMel was stably introduced into Gordonvale, separated from PE by barriers to Ae. aegypti dispersal. After nearly six years during which wMel was observed only at low frequencies in PE, corresponding to an apparent equilibrium between immigration and selection, wMel rose to fixation by 2018. Using analytic approximations and statistical analyses, we demonstrate that the observed fixation of wMel at PE is consistent with both stochastic transition past an unstable threshold frequency and deterministic transformation produced by steady immigration at a rate just above the threshold required for deterministic invasion. The indeterminacy results from a delicate balance of parameters needed to produce the delayed transition observed. Our analyses suggest that once Wolbachia transinfections are established locally through systematic introductions, stochastic “threshold crossing” is likely to only minimally enhance spatial spread, providing a local ratchet that slightly – but systematically – aids area-wide transformation of disease-vector populations in heterogeneous landscapes.}, author = {Turelli, Michael and Barton, Nicholas H}, keywords = {Biological sciences}, publisher = {Dryad}, title = {{Wolbachia frequency data from: Why did the Wolbachia transinfection cross the road? Drift, deterministic dynamics and disease control}}, doi = {10.25338/B81931}, year = {2022}, } @misc{11695, abstract = {Data underlying the figures in the publication "The chemistry of Cu3N and Cu3PdN nanocrystals" }, author = {Parvizian, Mahsa and Duran Balsa, Alejandra and Pokratath, Rohan and Kalha, Curran and Lee, Seungho and Van den Eynden, Dietger and Ibáñez, Maria and Regoutz, Anna and De Roo, Jonathan}, publisher = {Zenodo}, title = {{Data for "The chemistry of Cu3N and Cu3PdN nanocrystals"}}, doi = {10.5281/ZENODO.6542908}, year = {2022}, } @article{11700, abstract = {This paper contains two contributions in the study of optimal transport on metric graphs. Firstly, we prove a Benamou–Brenier formula for the Wasserstein distance, which establishes the equivalence of static and dynamical optimal transport. Secondly, in the spirit of Jordan–Kinderlehrer–Otto, we show that McKean–Vlasov equations can be formulated as gradient flow of the free energy in the Wasserstein space of probability measures. The proofs of these results are based on careful regularisation arguments to circumvent some of the difficulties arising in metric graphs, namely, branching of geodesics and the failure of semi-convexity of entropy functionals in the Wasserstein space.}, author = {Erbar, Matthias and Forkert, Dominik L and Maas, Jan and Mugnolo, Delio}, issn = {1556-181X}, journal = {Networks and Heterogeneous Media}, number = {5}, pages = {687--717}, publisher = {American Institute of Mathematical Sciences}, title = {{Gradient flow formulation of diffusion equations in the Wasserstein space over a metric graph}}, doi = {10.3934/nhm.2022023}, volume = {17}, year = {2022}, } @article{11701, abstract = {In this paper we develop a new approach to nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations with Gaussian noise. Our aim is to provide an abstract framework which is applicable to a large class of SPDEs and includes many important cases of nonlinear parabolic problems which are of quasi- or semilinear type. This first part is on local existence and well-posedness. A second part in preparation is on blow-up criteria and regularization. Our theory is formulated in an Lp-setting, and because of this we can deal with nonlinearities in a very efficient way. Applications to several concrete problems and their quasilinear variants are given. This includes Burgers' equation, the Allen–Cahn equation, the Cahn–Hilliard equation, reaction–diffusion equations, and the porous media equation. The interplay of the nonlinearities and the critical spaces of initial data leads to new results and insights for these SPDEs. The proofs are based on recent developments in maximal regularity theory for the linearized problem for deterministic and stochastic evolution equations. In particular, our theory can be seen as a stochastic version of the theory of critical spaces due to Prüss–Simonett–Wilke (2018). Sharp weighted time-regularity allow us to deal with rough initial values and obtain instantaneous regularization results. The abstract well-posedness results are obtained by a combination of several sophisticated splitting and truncation arguments.}, author = {Agresti, Antonio and Veraar, Mark}, issn = {1361-6544}, journal = {Nonlinearity}, number = {8}, pages = {4100--4210}, publisher = {IOP Publishing}, title = {{Nonlinear parabolic stochastic evolution equations in critical spaces Part I. Stochastic maximal regularity and local existence}}, doi = {10.1088/1361-6544/abd613}, volume = {35}, year = {2022}, } @article{11702, abstract = {When Mendel’s work was rediscovered in 1900, and extended to establish classical genetics, it was initially seen in opposition to Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection on continuous variation, as represented by the biometric research program that was the foundation of quantitative genetics. As Fisher, Haldane, and Wright established a century ago, Mendelian inheritance is exactly what is needed for natural selection to work efficiently. Yet, the synthesis remains unfinished. We do not understand why sexual reproduction and a fair meiosis predominate in eukaryotes, or how far these are responsible for their diversity and complexity. Moreover, although quantitative geneticists have long known that adaptive variation is highly polygenic, and that this is essential for efficient selection, this is only now becoming appreciated by molecular biologists—and we still do not have a good framework for understanding polygenic variation or diffuse function.}, author = {Barton, Nicholas H}, issn = {1091-6490}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {30}, publisher = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, title = {{The "New Synthesis"}}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2122147119}, volume = {119}, year = {2022}, }