@inproceedings{1379,
  abstract     = {We investigate the complexity of finding an embedded non-orientable surface of Euler genus g in a triangulated 3-manifold. This problem occurs both as a natural question in low-dimensional topology, and as a first non-trivial instance of embeddability of complexes into 3-manifolds. We prove that the problem is NP-hard, thus adding to the relatively few hardness results that are currently known in 3-manifold topology. In addition, we show that the problem lies in NP when the Euler genus g is odd, and we give an explicit algorithm in this case.},
  author       = {Burton, Benjamin and De Mesmay, Arnaud N and Wagner, Uli},
  location     = {Medford, MA, USA},
  pages        = {24.1 -- 24.15},
  publisher    = {Schloss Dagstuhl- Leibniz-Zentrum fur Informatik GmbH, Dagstuhl Publishing},
  title        = {{Finding non-orientable surfaces in 3-manifolds}},
  doi          = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2016.24},
  volume       = {51},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1380,
  abstract     = {We consider higher-dimensional versions of Kannan and Lipton's Orbit Problem - determining whether a target vector space V may be reached from a starting point x under repeated applications of a linear transformation A. Answering two questions posed by Kannan and Lipton in the 1980s, we show that when V has dimension one, this problem is solvable in polynomial time, and when V has dimension two or three, the problem is in NPRP.},
  author       = {Chonev, Ventsislav K and Ouaknine, Joël and Worrell, James},
  journal      = {Journal of the ACM},
  number       = {3},
  publisher    = {ACM},
  title        = {{On the complexity of the orbit problem}},
  doi          = {10.1145/2857050},
  volume       = {63},
  year         = {2016},
}

@inproceedings{1381,
  abstract     = {Motivated by Tverberg-type problems in topological combinatorics and by classical results about embeddings (maps without double points), we study the question whether a finite simplicial complex K can be mapped into double-struck Rd without higher-multiplicity intersections. We focus on conditions for the existence of almost r-embeddings, i.e., maps f : K → double-struck Rd such that f(σ1) ∩ ⋯ ∩ f(σr) = ∅ whenever σ1, ..., σr are pairwise disjoint simplices of K. Generalizing the classical Haefliger-Weber embeddability criterion, we show that a well-known necessary deleted product condition for the existence of almost r-embeddings is sufficient in a suitable r-metastable range of dimensions: If rd ≥ (r + 1) dim K + 3, then there exists an almost r-embedding K → double-struck Rd if and only if there exists an equivariant map (K)Δ r → Sr Sd(r-1)-1, where (K)Δ r is the deleted r-fold product of K, the target Sd(r-1)-1 is the sphere of dimension d(r - 1) - 1, and Sr is the symmetric group. This significantly extends one of the main results of our previous paper (which treated the special case where d = rk and dim K = (r - 1)k for some k ≥ 3), and settles an open question raised there.},
  author       = {Mabillard, Isaac and Wagner, Uli},
  location     = {Medford, MA, USA},
  pages        = {51.1 -- 51.12},
  publisher    = {Schloss Dagstuhl- Leibniz-Zentrum fur Informatik GmbH},
  title        = {{Eliminating higher-multiplicity intersections, II. The deleted product criterion in the r-metastable range}},
  doi          = {10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2016.51},
  volume       = {51},
  year         = {2016},
}

@inproceedings{1386,
  abstract     = {We consider nondeterministic probabilistic programs with the most basic liveness property of termination. We present efficient methods for termination analysis of nondeterministic probabilistic programs with polynomial guards and assignments. Our approach is through synthesis of polynomial ranking supermartingales, that on one hand significantly generalizes linear ranking supermartingales and on the other hand is a counterpart of polynomial ranking-functions for proving termination of nonprobabilistic programs. The approach synthesizes polynomial ranking-supermartingales through Positivstellensatz's, yielding an efficient method which is not only sound, but also semi-complete over a large subclass of programs. We show experimental results to demonstrate that our approach can handle several classical programs with complex polynomial guards and assignments, and can synthesize efficient quadratic ranking-supermartingales when a linear one does not exist even for simple affine programs.},
  author       = {Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Fu, Hongfei and Goharshady, Amir},
  location     = {Toronto, Canada},
  pages        = {3 -- 22},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{Termination analysis of probabilistic programs through Positivstellensatz's}},
  doi          = {10.1007/978-3-319-41528-4_1},
  volume       = {9779},
  year         = {2016},
}

@inproceedings{1389,
  abstract     = {The continuous evolution of a wide variety of systems, including continous-time Markov chains and linear hybrid automata, can be
described in terms of linear differential equations. In this paper we study the decision problem of whether the solution x(t) of a system of linear differential equations dx/dt = Ax reaches a target halfspace infinitely often. This recurrent reachability problem can
equivalently be formulated as the following Infinite Zeros Problem: does a real-valued function f:R≥0 --> R satisfying a given linear
differential equation have infinitely many zeros? Our main decidability result is that if the differential equation has order at most 7, then the Infinite Zeros Problem is decidable. On the other hand, we show that a decision procedure for the Infinite Zeros Problem at order 9 (and above) would entail a major breakthrough in Diophantine Approximation, specifically an algorithm for computing the Lagrange constants of arbitrary real algebraic numbers to arbitrary precision.},
  author       = {Chonev, Ventsislav K and Ouaknine, Joël and Worrell, James},
  booktitle    = {LICS '16},
  location     = {New York, NY, USA},
  pages        = {515 -- 524},
  publisher    = {IEEE},
  title        = {{On recurrent reachability for continuous linear dynamical systems}},
  doi          = {10.1145/2933575.2934548},
  year         = {2016},
}

@inproceedings{1391,
  abstract     = {We present an extension to the quantifier-free theory of integer arrays which allows us to express counting. The properties expressible in Array Folds Logic (AFL) include statements such as "the first array cell contains the array length," and "the array contains equally many minimal and maximal elements." These properties cannot be expressed in quantified fragments of the theory of arrays, nor in the theory of concatenation. Using reduction to counter machines, we show that the satisfiability problem of AFL is PSPACE-complete, and with a natural restriction the complexity decreases to NP. We also show that adding either universal quantifiers or concatenation leads to undecidability.
AFL contains terms that fold a function over an array. We demonstrate that folding, a well-known concept from functional languages, allows us to concisely summarize loops that count over arrays, which occurs frequently in real-life programs. We provide a tool that can discharge proof obligations in AFL, and we demonstrate on practical examples that our decision procedure can solve a broad range of problems in symbolic testing and program verification.},
  author       = {Daca, Przemyslaw and Henzinger, Thomas A and Kupriyanov, Andrey},
  location     = {Toronto, Canada},
  pages        = {230 -- 248},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{Array folds logic}},
  doi          = {10.1007/978-3-319-41540-6_13},
  volume       = {9780},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1394,
  abstract     = {The solution space of genome-scale models of cellular metabolism provides a map between physically
viable flux configurations and cellular metabolic phenotypes described, at the most basic level, by the
corresponding growth rates. By sampling the solution space of E. coliʼs metabolic network, we show
that empirical growth rate distributions recently obtained in experiments at single-cell resolution can
be explained in terms of a trade-off between the higher fitness of fast-growing phenotypes and the
higher entropy of slow-growing ones. Based on this, we propose a minimal model for the evolution of
a large bacterial population that captures this trade-off. The scaling relationships observed in
experiments encode, in such frameworks, for the same distance from the maximum achievable growth
rate, the same degree of growth rate maximization, and/or the same rate of phenotypic change. Being
grounded on genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions, these results allow for multiple
implications and extensions in spite of the underlying conceptual simplicity.},
  author       = {De Martino, Daniele and Capuani, Fabrizio and De Martino, Andrea},
  journal      = {Physical Biology},
  number       = {3},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing Ltd.},
  title        = {{Growth against entropy in bacterial metabolism: the phenotypic trade-off behind empirical growth rate distributions in E. coli}},
  doi          = {10.1088/1478-3975/13/3/036005},
  volume       = {13},
  year         = {2016},
}

@phdthesis{1396,
  abstract     = {CA3 pyramidal neurons are thought to pay a key role in memory storage and pattern completion by activity-dependent synaptic plasticity between CA3-CA3 recurrent excitatory synapses. To examine the induction rules of synaptic plasticity at CA3-CA3 synapses, we performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in acute hippocampal slices from rats (postnatal 21-24 days) at room temperature. Compound excitatory postsynaptic potentials (ESPSs) were recorded by tract stimulation in stratum oriens in the presence of 10 µM gabazine. High-frequency stimulation (HFS) induced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP). Although LTP by HFS did not requier postsynaptic spikes, it was blocked by Na+-channel blockers suggesting that local active processes (e.g.) dendritic spikes) may contribute to LTP induction without requirement of a somatic action potential (AP). We next examined the properties of spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) at CA3-CA3 synapses. Unexpectedly, low-frequency pairing of EPSPs and backpropagated action potentialy (bAPs) induced LTP, independent of temporal order. The STDP curve was symmetric and broad, with a half-width of ~150 ms. Consistent with these specific STDP induction properties, post-presynaptic sequences led to a supralinear summation of spine [Ca2+] transients. Furthermore, in autoassociative network models, storage and recall was substantially more robust with symmetric than with asymmetric STDP rules. In conclusion, we found associative forms of LTP at CA3-CA3 recurrent collateral synapses with distinct induction rules. LTP induced by HFS may be associated with dendritic spikes. In contrast, low frequency pairing of pre- and postsynaptic activity induced LTP only if EPSP-AP were temporally very close. Together, these induction mechanisms of synaptiic plasticity may contribute to memory storage in the CA3-CA3 microcircuit at different ranges of activity.},
  author       = {Mishra, Rajiv Kumar},
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  pages        = {83},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Synaptic plasticity rules at CA3-CA3 recurrent synapses in hippocampus}},
  year         = {2016},
}

@phdthesis{1398,
  abstract     = {Hybrid zones represent evolutionary laboratories, where recombination brings together alleles in combinations which have not previously been tested by selection. This provides an excellent opportunity to test the effect of molecular variation on fitness, and how this variation is able to spread through populations in a natural context. The snapdragon Antirrhinum majus is polymorphic in the wild for two loci controlling the distribution of yellow and magenta floral pigments. Where the yellow A. m. striatum and the magenta A. m. pseudomajus meet along a valley in the Spanish Pyrenees they form a stable hybrid zone Alleles at these loci recombine to give striking transgressive variation for flower colour. The sharp transition in phenotype over ~1km implies strong selection maintaining the hybrid zone. An indirect assay of pollinator visitation in the field found that pollinators forage in a positive-frequency dependent manner on Antirrhinum, matching previous data on fruit set. Experimental arrays and paternity analysis of wild-pollinated seeds demonstrated assortative mating for pigmentation alleles, and that pollinator behaviour alone is sufficient to explain this pattern. Selection by pollinators should be sufficiently strong to maintain the hybrid zone, although other mechanisms may be at work. At a broader scale I examined evolutionary transitions between yellow and anthocyanin pigmentation in the tribe Antirrhinae, and found that selection has acted strate that pollinators are a major determinant of reproductive success and mating patterns in wild Antirrhinum.},
  author       = {Ellis, Thomas},
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  pages        = {130},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{The role of pollinator-mediated selection in the maintenance of a flower color polymorphism in an Antirrhinum majus hybrid zone}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:TH_526 },
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{14010,
  abstract     = {We report measurements of energy-dependent attosecond photoionization delays between the two outer-most valence shells of N2O and H2O. The combination of single-shot signal referencing with the use of different metal foils to filter the attosecond pulse train enables us to extract delays from congested spectra. Remarkably large delays up to 160 as are observed in N2O, whereas the delays in H2O are all smaller than 50 as in the photon-energy range of 20-40 eV. These results are interpreted by developing a theory of molecular photoionization delays. The long delays measured in N2O are shown to reflect the population of molecular shape resonances that trap the photoelectron for a duration of up to ∼110 as. The unstructured continua of H2O result in much smaller delays at the same photon energies. Our experimental and theoretical methods make the study of molecular attosecond photoionization dynamics accessible.},
  author       = {Huppert, Martin and Jordan, Inga and Baykusheva, Denitsa Rangelova and von Conta, Aaron and Wörner, Hans Jakob},
  issn         = {1079-7114},
  journal      = {Physical Review Letters},
  keywords     = {General Physics and Astronomy},
  number       = {9},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{Attosecond delays in molecular photoionization}},
  doi          = {10.1103/physrevlett.117.093001},
  volume       = {117},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{14012,
  abstract     = {Monochromatization of high-harmonic sources has opened fascinating perspectives regarding time-resolved photoemission from all phases of matter. Such studies have invariably involved the use of spectral filters or spectrally dispersive optical components that are inherently lossy and technically complex. Here we present a new technique for the spectral selection of near-threshold harmonics and their spatial separation from the driving beams without any optical elements. We discover the existence of a narrow phase-matching gate resulting from the combination of the non-collinear generation geometry in an extended medium, atomic resonances and absorption. Our technique offers a filter contrast of up to 104 for the selected harmonics against the adjacent ones and offers multiple temporally synchronized beamlets in a single unified scheme. We demonstrate the selective generation of 133, 80 or 56 nm femtosecond pulses from a 400-nm driver, which is specific to the target gas. These results open new pathways towards phase-sensitive multi-pulse spectroscopy in the vacuum- and extreme-ultraviolet, and frequency-selective output coupling from enhancement cavities.},
  author       = {Rajeev, Rajendran and Hellwagner, Johannes and Schumacher, Anne and Jordan, Inga and Huppert, Martin and Tehlar, Andres and Niraghatam, Bhargava Ram and Baykusheva, Denitsa Rangelova and Lin, Nan and von Conta, Aaron and Wörner, Hans Jakob},
  issn         = {2047-7538},
  journal      = {Light: Science & Applications},
  keywords     = {Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials},
  number       = {11},
  pages        = {e16170--e16170},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{In situ frequency gating and beam splitting of vacuum- and extreme-ultraviolet pulses}},
  doi          = {10.1038/lsa.2016.170},
  volume       = {5},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1408,
  abstract     = {The concept of well group in a special but important case captures homological properties of the zero set of a continuous map (Formula presented.) on a compact space K that are invariant with respect to perturbations of f. The perturbations are arbitrary continuous maps within (Formula presented.) distance r from f for a given (Formula presented.). The main drawback of the approach is that the computability of well groups was shown only when (Formula presented.) or (Formula presented.). Our contribution to the theory of well groups is twofold: on the one hand we improve on the computability issue, but on the other hand we present a range of examples where the well groups are incomplete invariants, that is, fail to capture certain important robust properties of the zero set. For the first part, we identify a computable subgroup of the well group that is obtained by cap product with the pullback of the orientation of (Formula presented.) by f. In other words, well groups can be algorithmically approximated from below. When f is smooth and (Formula presented.), our approximation of the (Formula presented.)th well group is exact. For the second part, we find examples of maps (Formula presented.) with all well groups isomorphic but whose perturbations have different zero sets. We discuss on a possible replacement of the well groups of vector valued maps by an invariant of a better descriptive power and computability status.},
  author       = {Franek, Peter and Krcál, Marek},
  journal      = {Discrete & Computational Geometry},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {126 -- 164},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{On computability and triviality of well groups}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00454-016-9794-2},
  volume       = {56},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1409,
  author       = {Abbott, Richard and Barton, Nicholas H and Good, Jeffrey},
  journal      = {Molecular Ecology},
  number       = {11},
  pages        = {2325 -- 2332},
  publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  title        = {{Genomics of hybridization and its evolutionary consequences}},
  doi          = {10.1111/mec.13685},
  volume       = {25},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1410,
  abstract     = {The pollen grains arise after meiosis of pollen mother cells within the anthers. A series of complex structural changes follows, generating mature pollen grains capable of performing the double fertilization of the female megasporophyte. Several signaling molecules, including hormones and lipids, have been involved in the regulation and appropriate control of pollen development. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phophate 5-kinases (PIP5K), which catalyze the biosynthesis of the phosphoinositide PtdIns(4,5)P2, are important for tip polar growth of root hairs and pollen tubes, embryo development, vegetative plant growth, and responses to the environment. Here, we report a role of PIP5Ks during microgametogenesis. PIP5K1 and PIP5K2 are expressed during early stages of pollen development and their transcriptional activity respond to auxin in pollen grains. Early male gametophytic lethality to certain grade was observed in both pip5k1-/- and pip5k2-/- single mutants. The number of pip5k mutant alleles is directly related to the frequency of aborted pollen grains suggesting the two genes are involved in the same function. Indeed PIP5K1 and PIP5K2 are functionally redundant since homozygous double mutants did not render viable pollen grains. The loss of function of PIP5K1 and PIP5K2results in defects in vacuole morphology in pollen at the later stages and epidermal root cells. Our results show that PIP5K1, PIP5K2 and phosphoinositide signaling are important cues for early developmental stages and vacuole formation during microgametogenesis.},
  author       = {Ugalde, José and Rodríguez Furlán, Cecilia and De Rycke, Riet and Norambuena, Lorena and Friml, Jirí and León, Gabriel and Tejos, Ricardo},
  journal      = {Plant Science},
  pages        = {10 -- 19},
  publisher    = {Elsevier},
  title        = {{Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases 1 and 2 are involved in the regulation of vacuole morphology during Arabidopsis thaliana pollen development}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.05.014},
  volume       = {250},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1411,
  abstract     = {We consider two systems (α1, …, αm) and (β1, …,βn) of simple curves drawn on a compact two-dimensional surface M with boundary. Each αi and each βj is either an arc meeting the boundary of M at its two endpoints, or a closed curve. The αi are pairwise disjoint except for possibly sharing endpoints, and similarly for the βj. We want to “untangle” the βj from the ai by a self-homeomorphism of M; more precisely, we seek a homeomorphism φ:M→M fixing the boundary of M pointwise such that the total number of crossings of the ai with the φ(βj) is as small as possible. This problem is motivated by an application in the algorithmic theory of embeddings and 3-manifolds. We prove that if M is planar, i.e., a sphere with h ≥ 0 boundary components (“holes”), then O(mn) crossings can be achieved (independently of h), which is asymptotically tight, as an easy lower bound shows. In general, for an arbitrary (orientable or nonorientable) surface M with h holes and of (orientable or nonorientable) genus g ≥ 0, we obtain an O((m + n)4) upper bound, again independent of h and g. The proofs rely, among other things, on a result concerning simultaneous planar drawings of graphs by Erten and Kobourov.},
  author       = {Matoušek, Jiří and Sedgwick, Eric and Tancer, Martin and Wagner, Uli},
  journal      = {Israel Journal of Mathematics},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {37 -- 79},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{Untangling two systems of noncrossing curves}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s11856-016-1294-9},
  volume       = {212},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1412,
  abstract     = {Combining high-resolution level set surface tracking with lower resolution physics is an inexpensive method for achieving highly detailed liquid animations. Unfortunately, the inherent resolution mismatch introduces several types of disturbing visual artifacts. We identify the primary sources of these artifacts and present simple, efficient, and practical solutions to address them. First, we propose an unconditionally stable filtering method that selectively removes sub-grid surface artifacts not seen by the fluid physics, while preserving fine detail in dynamic splashing regions. It provides comparable results to recent error-correction techniques at lower cost, without substepping, and with better scaling behavior. Second, we show how a modified narrow-band scheme can ensure accurate free surface boundary conditions in the presence of large resolution mismatches. Our scheme preserves the efficiency of the narrow-band methodology, while eliminating objectionable stairstep artifacts observed in prior work. Third, we demonstrate that the use of linear interpolation of velocity during advection of the high-resolution level set surface is responsible for visible grid-aligned kinks; we therefore advocate higher-order velocity interpolation, and show that it dramatically reduces this artifact. While these three contributions are orthogonal, our results demonstrate that taken together they efficiently address the dominant sources of visual artifacts arising with high-resolution embedded liquid surfaces; the proposed approach offers improved visual quality, a straightforward implementation, and substantially greater scalability than competing methods.},
  author       = {Goldade, Ryan and Batty, Christopher and Wojtan, Christopher J},
  journal      = {Computer Graphics Forum},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {233 -- 242},
  publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  title        = {{A practical method for high-resolution embedded liquid surfaces}},
  doi          = {10.1111/cgf.12826},
  volume       = {35},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1415,
  abstract     = {The Fluid Implicit Particle method (FLIP) for liquid simulations uses particles to reduce numerical dissipation and provide important visual cues for events like complex splashes and small-scale features near the liquid surface. Unfortunately, FLIP simulations can be computationally expensive, because they require a dense sampling of particles to fill the entire liquid volume. Furthermore, the vast majority of these FLIP particles contribute nothing to the fluid's visual appearance, especially for larger volumes of liquid. We present a method that only uses FLIP particles within a narrow band of the liquid surface, while efficiently representing the remaining inner volume on a regular grid. We show that a naïve realization of this idea introduces unstable and uncontrollable energy fluctuations, and we propose a novel coupling scheme between FLIP particles and regular grid which overcomes this problem. Our method drastically reduces the particle count and simulation times while yielding results that are nearly indistinguishable from regular FLIP simulations. Our approach is easy to integrate into any existing FLIP implementation.},
  author       = {Ferstl, Florian and Ando, Ryoichi and Wojtan, Christopher J and Westermann, Rüdiger and Thuerey, Nils},
  journal      = {Computer Graphics Forum},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {225 -- 232},
  publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  title        = {{Narrow band FLIP for liquid simulations}},
  doi          = {10.1111/cgf.12825},
  volume       = {35},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1416,
  abstract     = {Anisotropic dipole-dipole interactions between ultracold dipolar fermions break the symmetry of the Fermi surface and thereby deform it. Here we demonstrate that such a Fermi surface deformation induces a topological phase transition - the so-called Lifshitz transition - in the regime accessible to present-day experiments. We describe the impact of the Lifshitz transition on observable quantities such as the Fermi surface topology, the density-density correlation function, and the excitation spectrum of the system. The Lifshitz transition in ultracold atoms can be controlled by tuning the dipole orientation and, in contrast to the transition studied in crystalline solids, is completely interaction driven.},
  author       = {Van Loon, Erik and Katsnelson, Mikhail and Chomaz, Lauriane and Lemeshko, Mikhail},
  journal      = {Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics},
  number       = {19},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{Interaction-driven Lifshitz transition with dipolar fermions in optical lattices}},
  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevB.93.195145},
  volume       = {93},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1417,
  abstract     = {Plant development mediated by the phytohormone auxin depends on tightly controlled cellular auxin levels at its target tissue that are largely established by intercellular and intracellular auxin transport mediated by PIN auxin transporters. Among the eight members of the Arabidopsis PIN family, PIN6 is the least characterized candidate. In this study we generated functional, fluorescent protein-tagged PIN6 proteins and performed comprehensive analysis of their subcellular localization and also performed a detailed functional characterization of PIN6 and its developmental roles. The localization study of PIN6 revealed a dual localization at the plasma membrane (PM) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Transport and metabolic profiling assays in cultured cells and Arabidopsis strongly suggest that PIN6 mediates both auxin transport across the PM and intracellular auxin homeostasis, including the regulation of free auxin and auxin conjugates levels. As evidenced by the loss- and gain-of-function analysis, the complex function of PIN6 in auxin transport and homeostasis is required for auxin distribution during lateral and adventitious root organogenesis and for progression of these developmental processes. These results illustrate a unique position of PIN6 within the family of PIN auxin transporters and further add complexity to the developmentally crucial process of auxin transport.},
  author       = {Simon, Sibu and Skůpa, Petr and Viaene, Tom and Zwiewka, Marta and Tejos, Ricardo and Klíma, Petr and Čarná, Mária and Rolčík, Jakub and De Rycke, Riet and Moreno, Ignacio and Dobrev, Petre and Orellana, Ariel and Zažímalová, Eva and Friml, Jirí},
  journal      = {New Phytologist},
  number       = {1},
  pages        = {65 -- 74},
  publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  title        = {{PIN6 auxin transporter at endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane mediates auxin homeostasis and organogenesis in Arabidopsis}},
  doi          = {10.1111/nph.14019},
  volume       = {211},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1420,
  abstract     = {Selection, mutation, and random drift affect the dynamics of allele frequencies and consequently of quantitative traits. While the macroscopic dynamics of quantitative traits can be measured, the underlying allele frequencies are typically unobserved. Can we understand how the macroscopic observables evolve without following these microscopic processes? This problem has been studied previously by analogy with statistical mechanics: the allele frequency distribution at each time point is approximated by the stationary form, which maximizes entropy. We explore the limitations of this method when mutation is small (4Nμ < 1) so that populations are typically close to fixation, and we extend the theory in this regime to account for changes in mutation strength. We consider a single diallelic locus either under directional selection or with overdominance and then generalize to multiple unlinked biallelic loci with unequal effects. We find that the maximum-entropy approximation is remarkably accurate, even when mutation and selection change rapidly. },
  author       = {Bod'ová, Katarína and Tkacik, Gasper and Barton, Nicholas H},
  journal      = {Genetics},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {1523 -- 1548},
  publisher    = {Genetics Society of America},
  title        = {{A general approximation for the dynamics of quantitative traits}},
  doi          = {10.1534/genetics.115.184127},
  volume       = {202},
  year         = {2016},
}