@article{1246,
  abstract     = {Near-field imaging is a powerful tool to investigate the complex structure of light at the nanoscale. Recent advances in near-field imaging have indicated the possibility for the complete reconstruction of both electric and magnetic components of the evanescent field. Here we study the electro-magnetic field structure of surface plasmon polariton waves propagating along subwavelength gold nanowires by performing phase- and polarization-resolved near-field microscopy in collection mode. By applying the optical reciprocity theorem, we describe the signal collected by the probe as an overlap integral of the nanowire's evanescent field and the probe's response function. As a result, we find that the probe's sensitivity to the magnetic field is approximately equal to its sensitivity to the electric field. Through rigorous modeling of the nanowire mode as well as the aperture probe response function, we obtain a good agreement between experimentally measured signals and a numerical model. Our findings provide a better understanding of aperture-based near-field imaging of the nanoscopic plasmonic and photonic structures and are helpful for the interpretation of future near-field experiments.},
  author       = {Kabakova, Irina and De Hoogh, Anouk and Van Der Wel, Ruben and Wulf, Matthias and Le Feber, Boris and Kuipers, Laurens},
  journal      = {Scientific Reports},
  publisher    = {Nature Publishing Group},
  title        = {{Imaging of electric and magnetic fields near plasmonic nanowires}},
  doi          = {10.1038/srep22665},
  volume       = {6},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1247,
  abstract     = {The shaping of organs in plants depends on the intercellular flow of the phytohormone auxin, of which the directional signaling is determined by the polar subcellular localization of PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin transport proteins. Phosphorylation dynamics of PIN proteins are affected by the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and the PINOID kinase, which act antagonistically to mediate their apical-basal polar delivery. Here, we identified the ROTUNDA3 (RON3) protein as a regulator of the PP2A phosphatase activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. The RON3 gene was map-based cloned starting from the ron3-1 leaf mutant and found to be a unique, plant-specific gene coding for a protein with high and dispersed proline content. The ron3-1 and ron3-2 mutant phenotypes [i.e., reduced apical dominance, primary root length, lateral root emergence, and growth; increased ectopic stages II, IV, and V lateral root primordia; decreased auxin maxima in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-treated root apical meristems; hypergravitropic root growth and response; increased IAA levels in shoot apices; and reduced auxin accumulation in root meristems] support a role for RON3 in auxin biology. The affinity-purified PP2A complex with RON3 as bait suggested that RON3 might act in PIN transporter trafficking. Indeed, pharmacological interference with vesicle trafficking processes revealed that single ron3-2 and double ron3-2 rcn1 mutants have altered PIN polarity and endocytosis in specific cells. Our data indicate that RON3 contributes to auxin-mediated development by playing a role in PIN recycling and polarity establishment through regulation of the PP2A complex activity.},
  author       = {Karampelias, Michael and Neyt, Pia and De Groeve, Steven and Aesaert, Stijn and Coussens, Griet and Rolčík, Jakub and Bruno, Leonardo and De Winne, Nancy and Van Minnebruggen, Annemie and Van Montagu, Marc and Ponce, Maria and Micol, José and Friml, Jirí and De Jaeger, Geert and Van Lijsebettens, Mieke},
  journal      = {PNAS},
  number       = {10},
  pages        = {2768 -- 2773},
  publisher    = {National Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{ROTUNDA3 function in plant development by phosphatase 2A-mediated regulation of auxin transporter recycling}},
  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.1501343112},
  volume       = {113},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1248,
  abstract     = {Life depends as much on the flow of information as on the flow of energy. Here we review the many efforts to make this intuition precise. Starting with the building blocks of information theory, we explore examples where it has been possible to measure, directly, the flow of information in biological networks, or more generally where information-theoretic ideas have been used to guide the analysis of experiments. Systems of interest range from single molecules (the sequence diversity in families of proteins) to groups of organisms (the distribution of velocities in flocks of birds), and all scales in between. Many of these analyses are motivated by the idea that biological systems may have evolved to optimize the gathering and representation of information, and we review the experimental evidence for this optimization, again across a wide range of scales.},
  author       = {Tkacik, Gasper and Bialek, William},
  journal      = {Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics},
  pages        = {89 -- 117},
  publisher    = {Annual Reviews},
  title        = {{Information processing in living systems}},
  doi          = {10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031214-014803},
  volume       = {7},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1249,
  abstract     = {Actin and myosin assemble into a thin layer of a highly dynamic network underneath the membrane of eukaryotic cells. This network generates the forces that drive cell- and tissue-scale morphogenetic processes. The effective material properties of this active network determine large-scale deformations and other morphogenetic events. For example, the characteristic time of stress relaxation (the Maxwell time τM) in the actomyosin sets the timescale of large-scale deformation of the cortex. Similarly, the characteristic length of stress propagation (the hydrodynamic length λ) sets the length scale of slow deformations, and a large hydrodynamic length is a prerequisite for long-ranged cortical flows. Here we introduce a method to determine physical parameters of the actomyosin cortical layer in vivo directly from laser ablation experiments. For this we investigate the cortical response to laser ablation in the one-cell-stage Caenorhabditis elegans embryo and in the gastrulating zebrafish embryo. These responses can be interpreted using a coarse-grained physical description of the cortex in terms of a two-dimensional thin film of an active viscoelastic gel. To determine the Maxwell time τM, the hydrodynamic length λ, the ratio of active stress ζΔμ, and per-area friction γ, we evaluated the response to laser ablation in two different ways: by quantifying flow and density fields as a function of space and time, and by determining the time evolution of the shape of the ablated region. Importantly, both methods provide best-fit physical parameters that are in close agreement with each other and that are similar to previous estimates in the two systems. Our method provides an accurate and robust means for measuring physical parameters of the actomyosin cortical layer. It can be useful for investigations of actomyosin mechanics at the cellular-scale, but also for providing insights into the active mechanics processes that govern tissue-scale morphogenesis.},
  author       = {Saha, Arnab and Nishikawa, Masatoshi and Behrndt, Martin and Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J and Julicher, Frank and Grill, Stephan},
  journal      = {Biophysical Journal},
  number       = {6},
  pages        = {1421 -- 1429},
  publisher    = {Biophysical Society},
  title        = {{Determining physical properties of the cell cortex}},
  doi          = {10.1016/j.bpj.2016.02.013},
  volume       = {110},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1250,
  abstract     = {In bacteria, replicative aging manifests as a difference in growth or survival between the two cells emerging from division. One cell can be regarded as an aging mother with a decreased potential for future survival and division, the other as a rejuvenated daughter. Here, we aimed at investigating some of the processes involved in aging in the bacterium Escherichia coli, where the two types of cells can be distinguished by the age of their cell poles. We found that certain changes in the regulation of the carbohydrate metabolism can affect aging. A mutation in the carbon storage regulator gene, csrA, leads to a dramatically shorter replicative lifespan; csrA mutants stop dividing once their pole exceeds an age of about five divisions. These old-pole cells accumulate glycogen at their old cell poles; after their last division, they do not contain a chromosome, presumably because of spatial exclusion by the glycogen aggregates. The new-pole daughters produced by these aging mothers are born young; they only express the deleterious phenotype once their pole is old. These results demonstrate how manipulations of nutrient allocation can lead to the exclusion of the chromosome and limit replicative lifespan in E. coli, and illustrate how mutations can have phenotypic effects that are specific for cells with old poles. This raises the question how bacteria can avoid the accumulation of such mutations in their genomes over evolutionary times, and how they can achieve the long replicative lifespans that have recently been reported.},
  author       = {Boehm, Alex and Arnoldini, Markus and Bergmiller, Tobias and Röösli, Thomas and Bigosch, Colette and Ackermann, Martin},
  journal      = {PLoS Genetics},
  number       = {4},
  publisher    = {Public Library of Science},
  title        = {{Genetic manipulation of glycogen allocation affects replicative lifespan in E coli}},
  doi          = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1005974},
  volume       = {12},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1251,
  abstract     = {Plant growth and architecture is regulated by the polar distribution of the hormone auxin. Polarity and flexibility of this process is provided by constant cycling of auxin transporter vesicles along actin filaments, coordinated by a positive auxinactin feedback loop. Both polar auxin transport and vesicle cycling are inhibited by synthetic auxin transport inhibitors, such as 1-Nnaphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), counteracting the effect of auxin; however, underlying targets and mechanisms are unclear. Using NMR, we map the NPA binding surface on the Arabidopsis thaliana ABCB chaperone TWISTED DWARF1 (TWD1).We identify ACTIN7 as a relevant, although likely indirect, TWD1 interactor, and show TWD1-dependent regulation of actin filament organization and dynamics and that TWD1 is required for NPA-mediated actin cytoskeleton remodeling. The TWD1-ACTIN7 axis controls plasma membrane presence of efflux transporters, and as a consequence act7 and twd1 share developmental and physiological phenotypes indicative of defects in auxin transport. These can be phenocopied by NPA treatment or by chemical actin (de)stabilization. We provide evidence that TWD1 determines downstreamlocations of auxin efflux transporters by adjusting actin filament debundling and dynamizing processes and mediating NPA action on the latter. This function appears to be evolutionary conserved since TWD1 expression in budding yeast alters actin polarization and cell polarity and provides NPA sensitivity.},
  author       = {Zhu, Jinsheng and Bailly, Aurélien and Zwiewka, Marta and Sovero, Valpuri and Di Donato, Martin and Ge, Pei and Oehri, Jacqueline and Aryal, Bibek and Hao, Pengchao and Linnert, Miriam and Burgardt, Noelia and Lücke, Christian and Weiwad, Matthias and Michel, Max and Weiergräber, Oliver and Pollmann, Stephan and Azzarello, Elisa and Mancuso, Stefano and Ferro, Noel and Fukao, Yoichiro and Hoffmann, Céline and Wedlich Söldner, Roland and Friml, Jirí and Thomas, Clément and Geisler, Markus},
  journal      = {Plant Cell},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {930 -- 948},
  publisher    = {American Society of Plant Biologists},
  title        = {{TWISTED DWARF1 mediates the action of auxin transport inhibitors on actin cytoskeleton dynamics}},
  doi          = {10.1105/tpc.15.00726},
  volume       = {28},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1252,
  abstract     = {We study the homomorphism induced in homology by a closed correspondence between topological spaces, using projections from the graph of the correspondence to its domain and codomain. We provide assumptions under which the homomorphism induced by an outer approximation of a continuous map coincides with the homomorphism induced in homology by the map. In contrast to more classical results we do not require that the projection to the domain have acyclic preimages. Moreover, we show that it is possible to retrieve correct homological information from a correspondence even if some data is missing or perturbed. Finally, we describe an application to combinatorial maps that are either outer approximations of continuous maps or reconstructions of such maps from a finite set of data points.},
  author       = {Harker, Shaun and Kokubu, Hiroshi and Mischaikow, Konstantin and Pilarczyk, Pawel},
  issn         = {1088-6826},
  journal      = {Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {1787 -- 1801},
  publisher    = {American Mathematical Society},
  title        = {{Inducing a map on homology from a correspondence}},
  doi          = {10.1090/proc/12812},
  volume       = {144},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1253,
  abstract     = {This article provides an introduction to the role of microRNAs in the nervous system and outlines their potential involvement in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, which is hypothesized to arise owing to environmental factors and genetic predisposition.},
  author       = {Tsai, Lihuei and Siegert, Sandra},
  issn         = {2168-622X},
  journal      = {JAMA Psychiatry},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {409 -- 410},
  publisher    = {American Medical Association},
  title        = {{How MicroRNAs Are involved in splitting the mind}},
  doi          = {10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.3144},
  volume       = {73},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1254,
  abstract     = {We use rigorous numerical techniques to compute a lower bound for the exponent of expansivity outside a neighborhood of the critical point for thousands of intervals of parameter values in the quadratic family. We first compute a radius of the critical neighborhood outside which the map is uniformly expanding. This radius is taken as small as possible, yet large enough for our numerical procedure to succeed in proving that the expansivity exponent outside this neighborhood is positive. Then, for each of the intervals, we compute a lower bound for this expansivity exponent, valid for all the parameters in that interval. We illustrate and study the distribution of the radii and the expansivity exponents. The results of our computations are mathematically rigorous. The source code of the software and the results of the computations are made publicly available at http://www.pawelpilarczyk.com/quadratic/.},
  author       = {Golmakani, Ali and Luzzatto, Stefano and Pilarczyk, Pawel},
  journal      = {Experimental Mathematics},
  number       = {2},
  pages        = {116 -- 124},
  publisher    = {Taylor and Francis},
  title        = {{Uniform expansivity outside a critical neighborhood in the quadratic family}},
  doi          = {10.1080/10586458.2015.1048011},
  volume       = {25},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1255,
  abstract     = {Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule 1 (Dscam1) has widereaching and vital neuronal functions although the role it plays in insect and crustacean immunity is less well understood. In this study, we combine different approaches to understand the roles that Dscam1 plays in fitness-related contexts in two model insect species. Contrary to our expectations, we found no short-term modulation of Dscam1 gene expression after haemocoelic or oral bacterial exposure in Tribolium castaneum, or after haemocoelic bacterial exposure in Drosophila melanogaster. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated Dscam1 knockdown and subsequent bacterial exposure did not reduce T. castaneum survival. However, Dscam1 knockdown in larvae resulted in adult locomotion defects, as well as dramatically reduced fecundity in males and females. We suggest that Dscam1 does not always play a straightforward role in immunity, but strongly influences behaviour and fecundity. This study takes a step towards understanding more about the role of this intriguing gene from different phenotypic perspectives.},
  author       = {Peuß, Robert and Wensing, Kristina and Woestmann, Luisa and Eggert, Hendrik and Milutinovic, Barbara and Sroka, Marlene and Scharsack, Jörn and Kurtz, Joachim and Armitage, Sophie},
  journal      = {Royal Society Open Science},
  number       = {4},
  publisher    = {Royal Society, The},
  title        = {{Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule 1: Testing for a role in insect immunity, behaviour and reproduction}},
  doi          = {10.1098/rsos.160138},
  volume       = {3},
  year         = {2016},
}

@inproceedings{1256,
  abstract     = {Simulink is widely used for model driven development (MDD) of industrial software systems. Typically, the Simulink based development is initiated from Stateflow modeling, followed by simulation, validation and code generation mapped to physical execution platforms. However, recent industrial trends have raised the demands of rigorous verification on safety-critical applications, which is unfortunately challenging for Simulink. In this paper, we present an approach to bridge the Stateflow based model driven development and a well- defined rigorous verification. First, we develop a self- contained toolkit to translate Stateflow model into timed automata, where major advanced modeling features in Stateflow are supported. Taking advantage of the strong verification capability of Uppaal, we can not only find bugs in Stateflow models which are missed by Simulink Design Verifier, but also check more important temporal properties. Next, we customize a runtime verifier for the generated nonintrusive VHDL and C code of Stateflow model for monitoring. The major strength of the customization is the flexibility to collect and analyze runtime properties with a pure software monitor, which opens more opportunities for engineers to achieve high reliability of the target system compared with the traditional act that only relies on Simulink Polyspace. We incorporate these two parts into original Stateflow based MDD seamlessly. In this way, safety-critical properties are both verified at the model level, and at the consistent system implementation level with physical execution environment in consideration. We apply our approach on a train controller design, and the verified implementation is tested and deployed on a real hardware platform.},
  author       = {Jiang, Yu and Yang, Yixiao and Liu, Han and Kong, Hui and Gu, Ming and Sun, Jiaguang and Sha, Lui},
  location     = {Vienna, Austria},
  publisher    = {IEEE},
  title        = {{From stateflow simulation to verified implementation: A verification approach and a real-time train controller design}},
  doi          = {10.1109/RTAS.2016.7461337},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1257,
  abstract     = {We consider products of random matrices that are small, independent identically distributed perturbations of a fixed matrix (Formula presented.). Focusing on the eigenvalues of (Formula presented.) of a particular size we obtain a limit to a SDE in a critical scaling. Previous results required (Formula presented.) to be a (conjugated) unitary matrix so it could not have eigenvalues of different modulus. From the result we can also obtain a limit SDE for the Markov process given by the action of the random products on the flag manifold. Applying the result to random Schrödinger operators we can improve some results by Valko and Virag showing GOE statistics for the rescaled eigenvalue process of a sequence of Anderson models on long boxes. In particular, we solve a problem posed in their work.},
  author       = {Sadel, Christian and Virág, Bálint},
  journal      = {Communications in Mathematical Physics},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {881 -- 919},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{A central limit theorem for products of random matrices and GOE statistics for the Anderson model on long boxes}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s00220-016-2600-4},
  volume       = {343},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1259,
  abstract     = {We consider the Bogolubov–Hartree–Fock functional for a fermionic many-body system with two-body interactions. For suitable interaction potentials that have a strong enough attractive tail in order to allow for two-body bound states, but are otherwise sufficiently repulsive to guarantee stability of the system, we show that in the low-density limit the ground state of this model consists of a Bose–Einstein condensate of fermion pairs. The latter can be described by means of the Gross–Pitaevskii energy functional.},
  author       = {Bräunlich, Gerhard and Hainzl, Christian and Seiringer, Robert},
  journal      = {Mathematical Physics, Analysis and Geometry},
  number       = {2},
  publisher    = {Springer},
  title        = {{Bogolubov–Hartree–Fock theory for strongly interacting fermions in the low density limit}},
  doi          = {10.1007/s11040-016-9209-x},
  volume       = {19},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1260,
  abstract     = {In this work, the Gardner problem of inferring interactions and fields for an Ising neural network from given patterns under a local stability hypothesis is addressed under a dual perspective. By means of duality arguments, an integer linear system is defined whose solution space is the dual of the Gardner space and whose solutions represent mutually unstable patterns. We propose and discuss Monte Carlo methods in order to find and remove unstable patterns and uniformly sample the space of interactions thereafter. We illustrate the problem on a set of real data and perform ensemble calculation that shows how the emergence of phase dominated by unstable patterns can be triggered in a nonlinear discontinuous way.},
  author       = {De Martino, Daniele},
  journal      = {International Journal of Modern Physics C},
  number       = {6},
  publisher    = {World Scientific Publishing},
  title        = {{The dual of the space of interactions in neural network models}},
  doi          = {10.1142/S0129183116500674},
  volume       = {27},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1261,
  abstract     = {We consider a non-standard finite-volume discretization of a strongly non-linear fourth order diffusion equation on the d-dimensional cube, for arbitrary . The scheme preserves two important structural properties of the equation: the first is the interpretation as a gradient flow in a mass transportation metric, and the second is an intimate relation to a linear Fokker-Planck equation. Thanks to these structural properties, the scheme possesses two discrete Lyapunov functionals. These functionals approximate the entropy and the Fisher information, respectively, and their dissipation rates converge to the optimal ones in the discrete-to-continuous limit. Using the dissipation, we derive estimates on the long-time asymptotics of the discrete solutions. Finally, we present results from numerical experiments which indicate that our discretization is able to capture significant features of the complex original dynamics, even with a rather coarse spatial resolution.},
  author       = {Maas, Jan and Matthes, Daniel},
  journal      = {Nonlinearity},
  number       = {7},
  pages        = {1992 -- 2023},
  publisher    = {IOP Publishing Ltd.},
  title        = {{Long-time behavior of a finite volume discretization for a fourth order diffusion equation}},
  doi          = {10.1088/0951-7715/29/7/1992},
  volume       = {29},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{12613,
  abstract     = {We use high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys to document the evolution of four ice cliffs on the debris-covered tongue of Lirung Glacier, Nepal, over one ablation season. Observations show that out of four cliffs, three different patterns of evolution emerge: (i) reclining cliffs that flatten during the ablation season; (ii) stable cliffs that maintain a self-similar geometry; and (iii) growing cliffs, expanding laterally. We use the insights from this unique data set to develop a 3-D model of cliff backwasting and evolution that is validated against observations and an independent data set of volume losses. The model includes ablation at the cliff surface driven by energy exchange with the atmosphere, reburial of cliff cells by surrounding debris, and the effect of adjacent ponds. The cliff geometry is updated monthly to account for the modifications induced by each of those processes. Model results indicate that a major factor affecting the survival of steep cliffs is the coupling with ponded water at its base, which prevents progressive flattening and possible disappearance of a cliff. The radial growth observed at one cliff is explained by higher receipts of longwave and shortwave radiation, calculated taking into account atmospheric fluxes, shading, and the emission of longwave radiation from debris surfaces. The model is a clear step forward compared to existing static approaches that calculate atmospheric melt over an invariant cliff geometry and can be used for long-term simulations of cliff evolution and to test existing hypotheses about cliffs' survival.},
  author       = {Buri, Pascal and Miles, Evan S. and Steiner, Jakob F. and Immerzeel, Walter W. and Wagnon, Patrick and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {2169-9011},
  journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface},
  keywords     = {Earth-Surface Processes, Geophysics},
  number       = {12},
  pages        = {2471--2493},
  publisher    = {American Geophysical Union},
  title        = {{A physically based 3‐D model of ice cliff evolution over debris‐covered glaciers}},
  doi          = {10.1002/2016jf004039},
  volume       = {121},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{12617,
  abstract     = {This study presents volume and mass changes of seven (five partially debris-covered, two debris-free) glaciers in the upper Langtang catchment in Nepal. We use a digital elevation model (DEM) from 1974 stereo Hexagon satellite data and seven DEMs derived from 2006–2015 stereo or tri-stereo satellite imagery (e.g., SPOT6/7). The availability of multiple independent DEM differences allows the identification of a robust signal and narrowing down of the uncertainty about recent volume changes. The volume changes calculated over several multiyear periods between 2006 and 2015 consistently indicate that glacier thinning has accelerated with respect to the period 1974–2006. We calculate an ensemble-mean elevation change rate of –0.45 ± 0.18 m a−1 for 2006–2015, while for the period 1974–2006 we compute a rate of −0.24 ± 0.08 m a−1. However, the behavior of glaciers in the study area is heterogeneous, and the presence or absence of debris does not seem to be a good predictor for mass balance trends. Debris-covered tongues have nonlinear thinning profiles, and we show that recent accelerations in thinning correlate with the presence of supraglacial cliffs and lakes. At stagnating glacier areas near the glacier front, however, thinning rates decreased with time or remained constant. The April 2015 Nepal earthquake triggered large avalanches in the study catchment. Analysis of two post-earthquake DEMs revealed that the avalanche deposit volumes remaining 6 months after the earthquake are negligible in comparison to 2006–2015 elevation changes. However, the deposits compensate about 40 % the mass loss of debris-covered tongues of 1 average year.},
  author       = {Ragettli, Silvan and Bolch, Tobias and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {1994-0424},
  journal      = {The Cryosphere},
  keywords     = {Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology},
  number       = {5},
  pages        = {2075--2097},
  publisher    = {Copernicus Publications},
  title        = {{Heterogeneous glacier thinning patterns over the last 40 years in Langtang Himal, Nepal}},
  doi          = {10.5194/tc-10-2075-2016},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{12618,
  abstract     = {Mountain ranges are the world’s natural water towers and provide water resources for millions of people. However, their hydrological balance and possible future changes in river flow remain poorly understood because of high meteorological variability, physical inaccessibility, and the complex interplay between climate, cryosphere, and hydrological processes. Here, we use a state-of-the art glacio-hydrological model informed by data from high-altitude observations and the latest climate change scenarios to quantify the climate change impact on water resources of two contrasting catchments vulnerable to changes in the cryosphere. The two study catchments are located in the Central Andes of Chile and in the Nepalese Himalaya in close vicinity of densely populated areas. Although both sites reveal a strong decrease in glacier area, they show a remarkably different hydrological response to projected climate change. In the Juncal catchment in Chile, runoff is likely to sharply decrease in the future and the runoff seasonality is sensitive to projected climatic changes. In the Langtang catchment in Nepal, future water availability is on the rise for decades to come with limited shifts between seasons. Owing to the high spatiotemporal resolution of the simulations and process complexity included in the modeling, the response times and the mechanisms underlying the variations in glacier area and river flow can be well constrained. The projections indicate that climate change adaptation in Central Chile should focus on dealing with a reduction in water availability, whereas in Nepal preparedness for flood extremes should be the policy priority.},
  author       = {Ragettli, Silvan and Immerzeel, Walter W. and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {1091-6490},
  journal      = {PNAS},
  keywords     = {Multidisciplinary},
  number       = {33},
  pages        = {9222--9227},
  publisher    = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  title        = {{Contrasting climate change impact on river flows from high-altitude catchments in the Himalayan and Andes Mountains}},
  doi          = {10.1073/pnas.1606526113},
  volume       = {113},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{12619,
  abstract     = {Mass losses originating from supraglacial ice cliffs at the lower tongues of debris-covered glaciers are a potentially large component of the mass balance, but have rarely been quantified. In this study, we develop a method to estimate ice cliff volume losses based on high-resolution topographic data derived from terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry. We apply our method to six cliffs monitored in May and October 2013 and 2014 using four different topographic datasets collected over the debris-covered Lirung Glacier of the Nepalese Himalayas. During the monsoon, the cliff mean backwasting rate was relatively consistent in 2013 (3.8 ± 0.3 cm w.e. d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) and more heterogeneous among cliffs in 2014 (3.1 ± 0.7 cm w.e. d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>), and the geometric variations between cliffs are larger. Their mean backwasting rate is significantly lower in winter (October 2013–May 2014), at 1.0 ± 0.3 cm w.e. d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. These results are consistent with estimates of cliff ablation from an energy-balance model developed in a previous study. The ice cliffs lose mass at rates six times higher than estimates of glacier-wide melt under debris, which seems to confirm that ice cliffs provide a large contribution to total glacier melt.},
  author       = {BRUN, FANNY and BURI, PASCAL and MILES, EVAN S. and WAGNON, PATRICK and STEINER, JAKOB and BERTHIER, ETIENNE and RAGETTLI, SILVAN and KRAAIJENBRINK, PHILIP and IMMERZEEL, WALTER W. and Pellicciotti, Francesca},
  issn         = {1727-5652},
  journal      = {Journal of Glaciology},
  keywords     = {Earth-Surface Processes},
  number       = {234},
  pages        = {684--695},
  publisher    = {Cambridge University Press},
  title        = {{Quantifying volume loss from ice cliffs on debris-covered glaciers using high-resolution terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry}},
  doi          = {10.1017/jog.2016.54},
  volume       = {62},
  year         = {2016},
}

@article{1262,
  abstract     = {Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) have contributed significantly to the current biodiversity crisis, leading to widespread epidemics and population loss. Owing to genetic variation in pathogen virulence, a complete understanding of species decline requires the accurate identification and characterization of EIDs. We explore this issue in the Western honeybee, where increasing mortality of populations in the Northern Hemisphere has caused major concern. Specifically, we investigate the importance of genetic identity of the main suspect in mortality, deformed wing virus (DWV), in driving honeybee loss. Using laboratory experiments and a systematic field survey, we demonstrate that an emerging DWV genotype (DWV-B) is more virulent than the established DWV genotype (DWV-A) and is widespread in the landscape. Furthermore, we show in a simple model that colonies infected with DWV-B collapse sooner than colonies infected with DWV-A. We also identify potential for rapid DWV evolution by revealing extensive genome-wide recombination in vivo. The emergence of DWV-B in naive honeybee populations, including via recombination with DWV-A, could be of significant ecological and economic importance. Our findings emphasize that knowledge of pathogen genetic identity and diversity is critical to understanding drivers of species decline.},
  author       = {Mcmahon, Dino and Natsopoulou, Myrsini and Doublet, Vincent and Fürst, Matthias and Weging, Silvio and Brown, Mark and Gogol Döring, Andreas and Paxton, Robert},
  journal      = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences},
  number       = {1833},
  publisher    = {Royal Society, The},
  title        = {{Elevated virulence of an emerging viral genotype as a driver of honeybee loss}},
  doi          = {10.1098/rspb.2016.0811},
  volume       = {283},
  year         = {2016},
}