@article{747, abstract = {Bradykinin (BK), a component of the kallikrein-kininogen-kinin system exerts multiple effects via B1 and B2 receptor activation. In the cardiovascular system, bradykinin has cardioprotective and vasodilator properties. We investigated the effect of BK on cardiac-projecting neurons of nucleus ambiguus, a key site for the parasympathetic cardiac regulation. BK produced a dose-dependent increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Pretreatment with HOE140, a B2 receptor antagonist, but not with R715, a B1 receptor antagonist, abolished the response to BK. A selective B2 receptor agonist, but not a B1 receptor agonist, elicited an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ similarly to BK. Inhibition of N-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels with ω-conotoxin GVIA had no effect on the Ca2+ signal produced by BK, while pretreatment with ω-conotoxin MVIIC, a blocker of P/Q-type of Ca2+ channels, significantly diminished the effect of BK. Pretreatment with xestospongin C and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, antagonists of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors, abolished the response to BK. Inhibition of ryanodine receptors reduced the BK-induced Ca2+ increase, while disruption of lysosomal Ca2+ stores with bafilomycin A1 did not affect the response. BK produced a dose-dependent depolarization of nucleus ambiguus neurons, which was prevented by the B2 receptor antagonist. In vivo studies indicate that microinjection of BK into nucleus ambiguus elicited bradycardia in conscious rats via B2 receptors. In summary, in cardiac vagal neurons of nucleus ambiguus, BK activates B2 receptors promoting Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum, and membrane depolarization; these effects are translated in vivo by bradycardia.}, author = {Brǎiloiu, Eugen and Mcguire, Matthew and Shuler, Shadaria and Deliu, Elena and Barr, Jeffrey and Abood, Mary and Brailoiu, Gabriela}, issn = {03064522}, journal = {Neuroscience}, pages = {23 -- 32}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Modulation of cardiac vagal tone by bradykinin acting on nucleus ambiguus}}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.034}, volume = {365}, year = {2017}, } @article{749, abstract = {Synaptotagmin 7 (Syt7) is thought to be a Ca2+ sensor that mediates asynchronous transmitter release and facilitation at synapses. However, Syt7 is strongly expressed in fast-spiking, parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons, and the output synapses of these neurons produce only minimal asynchronous release and show depression rather than facilitation. To resolve this apparent contradiction, we examined the effects of genetic elimination of Syt7 on synaptic transmission at the GABAergic basket cell (BC)-Purkinje cell (PC) synapse in cerebellum. Our results indicate that at the BC-PC synapse, Syt7 contributes to asynchronous release, pool replenishment, and facilitation. In combination, these three effects ensure efficient transmitter release during high-frequency activity and guarantee frequency independence of inhibition. Our results identify a distinct function of Syt7: ensuring the efficiency of high-frequency inhibitory synaptic transmission}, author = {Chen, Chong and Satterfield, Rachel and Young, Samuel and Jonas, Peter M}, issn = {22111247}, journal = {Cell Reports}, number = {8}, pages = {2082 -- 2089}, publisher = {Cell Press}, title = {{Triple function of Synaptotagmin 7 ensures efficiency of high-frequency transmission at central GABAergic synapses}}, doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.122}, volume = {21}, year = {2017}, } @article{751, abstract = {The basement membrane (BM) is a thin layer of extracellular matrix (ECM) beneath nearly all epithelial cell types that is critical for cellular and tissue function. It is composed of numerous components conserved among all bilaterians [1]; however, it is unknown how all of these components are generated and subsequently constructed to form a fully mature BM in the living animal. Although BM formation is thought to simply involve a process of self-assembly [2], this concept suffers from a number of logistical issues when considering its construction in vivo. First, incorporation of BM components appears to be hierarchical [3-5], yet it is unclear whether their production during embryogenesis must also be regulated in a temporal fashion. Second, many BM proteins are produced not only by the cells residing on the BM but also by surrounding cell types [6-9], and it is unclear how large, possibly insoluble protein complexes [10] are delivered into the matrix. Here we exploit our ability to live image and genetically dissect de novo BM formation during Drosophila development. This reveals that there is a temporal hierarchy of BM protein production that is essential for proper component incorporation. Furthermore, we show that BM components require secretion by migrating macrophages (hemocytes) during their developmental dispersal, which is critical for embryogenesis. Indeed, hemocyte migration is essential to deliver a subset of ECM components evenly throughout the embryo. This reveals that de novo BM construction requires a combination of both production and distribution logistics allowing for the timely delivery of core components.}, author = {Matsubayashi, Yutaka and Louani, Adam and Dragu, Anca and Sanchez Sanchez, Besaiz and Serna Morales, Eduardo and Yolland, Lawrence and György, Attila and Vizcay, Gema and Fleck, Roland and Heddleston, John and Chew, Teng and Siekhaus, Daria E and Stramer, Brian}, issn = {09609822}, journal = {Current Biology}, number = {22}, pages = {3526 -- 3534e.4}, publisher = {Cell Press}, title = {{A moving source of matrix components is essential for De Novo basement membrane formation}}, doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.001}, volume = {27}, year = {2017}, } @article{7733, abstract = {Sections PDFPDF Tools Share Abstract Background: Gene discovery has provided remarkable biological insights into amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). One challenge for clinical application of genetic testing is critical evaluation of the significance of reported variants. Methods: We use whole exome sequencing (WES) to develop a clinically relevant approach to identify a subset of ALS patients harboring likely pathogenic mutations. In parallel, we assess if DNA methylation can be used to screen for pathogenicity of novel variants since a methylation signature has been shown to associate with the pathogenic C9orf72 expansion, but has not been explored for other ALS mutations. Australian patients identified with ALS‐relevant variants were cross‐checked with population databases and case reports to critically assess whether they were “likely causal,” “uncertain significance,” or “unlikely causal.” Results: Published ALS variants were identified in >10% of patients; however, in only 3% of patients (4/120) could these be confidently considered pathogenic (in SOD1 and TARDBP). We found no evidence for a differential DNA methylation signature in these mutation carriers. Conclusions: The use of WES in a typical ALS clinic demonstrates a critical approach to variant assessment with the capability to combine cohorts to enhance the largely unknown genetic basis of ALS.}, author = {Garton, Fleur C. and Benyamin, Beben and Zhao, Qiongyi and Liu, Zhijun and Gratten, Jacob and Henders, Anjali K. and Zhang, Zong-Hong and Edson, Janette and Furlong, Sarah and Morgan, Sarah and Heggie, Susan and Thorpe, Kathryn and Pfluger, Casey and Mather, Karen A. and Sachdev, Perminder S. and McRae, Allan F. and Robinson, Matthew Richard and Shah, Sonia and Visscher, Peter M. and Mangelsdorf, Marie and Henderson, Robert D. and Wray, Naomi R. and McCombe, Pamela A.}, issn = {2324-9269}, journal = {Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine}, number = {4}, pages = {418--428}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Whole exome sequencing and DNA methylation analysis in a clinical amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cohort}}, doi = {10.1002/mgg3.302}, volume = {5}, year = {2017}, } @article{7755, abstract = {We give a bird's-eye view of the plastic deformation of crystals aimed at the statistical physics community, as well as a broad introduction to the statistical theories of forced rigid systems aimed at the plasticity community. Memory effects in magnets, spin glasses, charge density waves, and dilute colloidal suspensions are discussed in relation to the onset of plastic yielding in crystals. Dislocation avalanches and complex dislocation tangles are discussed via a brief introduction to the renormalization group and scaling. Analogies to emergent scale invariance in fracture, jamming, coarsening, and a variety of depinning transitions are explored. Dislocation dynamics in crystals challenge nonequilibrium statistical physics. Statistical physics provides both cautionary tales of subtle memory effects in nonequilibrium systems and systematic tools designed to address complex scale-invariant behavior on multiple length scales and timescales.}, author = {Sethna, James P. and Bierbaum, Matthew K. and Dahmen, Karin A. and Goodrich, Carl Peter and Greer, Julia R. and Hayden, Lorien X. and Kent-Dobias, Jaron P. and Lee, Edward D. and Liarte, Danilo B. and Ni, Xiaoyue and Quinn, Katherine N. and Raju, Archishman and Rocklin, D. Zeb and Shekhawat, Ashivni and Zapperi, Stefano}, issn = {1531-7331}, journal = {Annual Review of Materials Research}, pages = {217--246}, publisher = {Annual Reviews}, title = {{Deformation of crystals: Connections with statistical physics}}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-matsci-070115-032036}, volume = {47}, year = {2017}, } @inproceedings{787, abstract = {Population protocols are a popular model of distributed computing, in which randomly-interacting agents with little computational power cooperate to jointly perform computational tasks. Inspired by developments in molecular computation, and in particular DNA computing, recent algorithmic work has focused on the complexity of solving simple yet fundamental tasks in the population model, such as leader election (which requires convergence to a single agent in a special "leader" state), and majority (in which agents must converge to a decision as to which of two possible initial states had higher initial count). Known results point towards an inherent trade-off between the time complexity of such algorithms, and the space complexity, i.e. size of the memory available to each agent. In this paper, we explore this trade-off and provide new upper and lower bounds for majority and leader election. First, we prove a unified lower bound, which relates the space available per node with the time complexity achievable by a protocol: for instance, our result implies that any protocol solving either of these tasks for n agents using O(log log n) states must take (n=polylogn) expected time. This is the first result to characterize time complexity for protocols which employ super-constant number of states per node, and proves that fast, poly-logarithmic running times require protocols to have relatively large space costs. On the positive side, we give algorithms showing that fast, poly-logarithmic convergence time can be achieved using O(log2 n) space per node, in the case of both tasks. Overall, our results highlight a time complexity separation between O(log log n) and (log2 n) state space size for both majority and leader election in population protocols, and introduce new techniques, which should be applicable more broadly.}, author = {Alistarh, Dan-Adrian and Aspnes, James and Eisenstat, David and Rivest, Ronald and Gelashvili, Rati}, pages = {2560 -- 2579}, publisher = {SIAM}, title = {{Time-space trade-offs in population protocols}}, doi = {doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611974782.169}, year = {2017}, } @inproceedings{788, abstract = {In contrast to electronic computation, chemical computation is noisy and susceptible to a variety of sources of error, which has prevented the construction of robust complex systems. To be effective, chemical algorithms must be designed with an appropriate error model in mind. Here we consider the model of chemical reaction networks that preserve molecular count (population protocols), and ask whether computation can be made robust to a natural model of unintended “leak” reactions. Our definition of leak is motivated by both the particular spurious behavior seen when implementing chemical reaction networks with DNA strand displacement cascades, as well as the unavoidable side reactions in any implementation due to the basic laws of chemistry. We develop a new “Robust Detection” algorithm for the problem of fast (logarithmic time) single molecule detection, and prove that it is robust to this general model of leaks. Besides potential applications in single molecule detection, the error-correction ideas developed here might enable a new class of robust-by-design chemical algorithms. Our analysis is based on a non-standard hybrid argument, combining ideas from discrete analysis of population protocols with classic Markov chain techniques.}, author = {Alistarh, Dan-Adrian and Dudek, Bartłomiej and Kosowski, Adrian and Soloveichik, David and Uznański, Przemysław}, pages = {155 -- 171}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{Robust detection in leak-prone population protocols}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-66799-7_11}, volume = {10467 LNCS}, year = {2017}, } @inproceedings{791, abstract = {Consider the following random process: we are given n queues, into which elements of increasing labels are inserted uniformly at random. To remove an element, we pick two queues at random, and remove the element of lower label (higher priority) among the two. The cost of a removal is the rank of the label removed, among labels still present in any of the queues, that is, the distance from the optimal choice at each step. Variants of this strategy are prevalent in state-of-the-art concurrent priority queue implementations. Nonetheless, it is not known whether such implementations provide any rank guarantees, even in a sequential model. We answer this question, showing that this strategy provides surprisingly strong guarantees: Although the single-choice process, where we always insert and remove from a single randomly chosen queue, has degrading cost, going to infinity as we increase the number of steps, in the two choice process, the expected rank of a removed element is O(n) while the expected worst-case cost is O(n log n). These bounds are tight, and hold irrespective of the number of steps for which we run the process. The argument is based on a new technical connection between "heavily loaded" balls-into-bins processes and priority scheduling. Our analytic results inspire a new concurrent priority queue implementation, which improves upon the state of the art in terms of practical performance.}, author = {Alistarh, Dan-Adrian and Kopinsky, Justin and Li, Jerry and Nadiradze, Giorgi}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing}, isbn = {978-145034992-5}, location = {Washington, WA, USA}, pages = {283 -- 292}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {{The power of choice in priority scheduling}}, doi = {10.1145/3087801.3087810}, volume = {Part F129314}, year = {2017}, } @article{792, abstract = {The chaotic dynamics of low-dimensional systems, such as Lorenz or Rössler flows, is guided by the infinity of periodic orbits embedded in their strange attractors. Whether this is also the case for the infinite-dimensional dynamics of Navier–Stokes equations has long been speculated, and is a topic of ongoing study. Periodic and relative periodic solutions have been shown to be involved in transitions to turbulence. Their relevance to turbulent dynamics – specifically, whether periodic orbits play the same role in high-dimensional nonlinear systems like the Navier–Stokes equations as they do in lower-dimensional systems – is the focus of the present investigation. We perform here a detailed study of pipe flow relative periodic orbits with energies and mean dissipations close to turbulent values. We outline several approaches to reduction of the translational symmetry of the system. We study pipe flow in a minimal computational cell at Re=2500, and report a library of invariant solutions found with the aid of the method of slices. Detailed study of the unstable manifolds of a sample of these solutions is consistent with the picture that relative periodic orbits are embedded in the chaotic saddle and that they guide the turbulent dynamics.}, author = {Budanur, Nazmi B and Short, Kimberly and Farazmand, Mohammad and Willis, Ashley and Cvitanović, Predrag}, issn = {00221120}, journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics}, pages = {274 -- 301}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, title = {{Relative periodic orbits form the backbone of turbulent pipe flow}}, doi = {10.1017/jfm.2017.699}, volume = {833}, year = {2017}, } @article{793, abstract = {Let P be a finite point set in the plane. A cordinary triangle in P is a subset of P consisting of three non-collinear points such that each of the three lines determined by the three points contains at most c points of P . Motivated by a question of Erdös, and answering a question of de Zeeuw, we prove that there exists a constant c > 0such that P contains a c-ordinary triangle, provided that P is not contained in the union of two lines. Furthermore, the number of c-ordinary triangles in P is Ω(| P |). }, author = {Fulek, Radoslav and Mojarrad, Hossein and Naszódi, Márton and Solymosi, József and Stich, Sebastian and Szedlák, May}, issn = {09257721}, journal = {Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications}, pages = {28 -- 31}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{On the existence of ordinary triangles}}, doi = {10.1016/j.comgeo.2017.07.002}, volume = {66}, year = {2017}, } @article{794, abstract = {We show that c-planarity is solvable in quadratic time for flat clustered graphs with three clusters if the combinatorial embedding of the underlying graph is fixed. In simpler graph-theoretical terms our result can be viewed as follows. Given a graph G with the vertex set partitioned into three parts embedded on a 2-sphere, our algorithm decides if we can augment G by adding edges without creating an edge-crossing so that in the resulting spherical graph the vertices of each part induce a connected sub-graph. We proceed by a reduction to the problem of testing the existence of a perfect matching in planar bipartite graphs. We formulate our result in a slightly more general setting of cyclic clustered graphs, i.e., the simple graph obtained by contracting each cluster, where we disregard loops and multi-edges, is a cycle.}, author = {Fulek, Radoslav}, journal = {Computational Geometry: Theory and Applications}, pages = {1 -- 13}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{C-planarity of embedded cyclic c-graphs}}, doi = {10.1016/j.comgeo.2017.06.016}, volume = {66}, year = {2017}, } @article{795, abstract = {We introduce a common generalization of the strong Hanani–Tutte theorem and the weak Hanani–Tutte theorem: if a graph G has a drawing D in the plane where every pair of independent edges crosses an even number of times, then G has a planar drawing preserving the rotation of each vertex whose incident edges cross each other evenly in D. The theorem is implicit in the proof of the strong Hanani–Tutte theorem by Pelsmajer, Schaefer and Štefankovič. We give a new, somewhat simpler proof.}, author = {Fulek, Radoslav and Kynčl, Jan and Pálvölgyi, Dömötör}, issn = {10778926}, journal = {Electronic Journal of Combinatorics}, number = {3}, publisher = {International Press}, title = {{Unified Hanani Tutte theorem}}, doi = {10.37236/6663}, volume = {24}, year = {2017}, } @article{796, abstract = {We present the fabrication and characterization of an aluminum transmon qubit on a silicon-on-insulator substrate. Key to the qubit fabrication is the use of an anhydrous hydrofluoric vapor process which selectively removes the lossy silicon oxide buried underneath the silicon device layer. For a 5.6 GHz qubit measured dispersively by a 7.1 GHz resonator, we find T1 = 3.5 μs and T∗2 = 2.2 μs. This process in principle permits the co-fabrication of silicon photonic and mechanical elements, providing a route towards chip-scale integration of electro-opto-mechanical transducers for quantum networking of superconducting microwave quantum circuits. The additional processing steps are compatible with established fabrication techniques for aluminum transmon qubits on silicon.}, author = {Keller, Andrew J and Dieterle, Paul and Fang, Michael and Berger, Brett and Fink, Johannes M and Painter, Oskar}, issn = {00036951}, journal = {Applied Physics Letters}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, title = {{Al transmon qubits on silicon on insulator for quantum device integration}}, doi = {10.1063/1.4994661}, volume = {111}, year = {2017}, } @article{798, abstract = {Nonreciprocal circuit elements form an integral part of modern measurement and communication systems. Mathematically they require breaking of time-reversal symmetry, typically achieved using magnetic materials and more recently using the quantum Hall effect, parametric permittivity modulation or Josephson nonlinearities. Here we demonstrate an on-chip magnetic-free circulator based on reservoir-engineered electromechanic interactions. Directional circulation is achieved with controlled phase-sensitive interference of six distinct electro-mechanical signal conversion paths. The presented circulator is compact, its silicon-on-insulator platform is compatible with both superconducting qubits and silicon photonics, and its noise performance is close to the quantum limit. With a high dynamic range, a tunable bandwidth of up to 30 MHz and an in situ reconfigurability as beam splitter or wavelength converter, it could pave the way for superconducting qubit processors with multiplexed on-chip signal processing and readout.}, author = {Barzanjeh, Shabir and Wulf, Matthias and Peruzzo, Matilda and Kalaee, Mahmoud and Dieterle, Paul and Painter, Oskar and Fink, Johannes M}, issn = {20411723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, title = {{Mechanical on chip microwave circulator}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-017-01304-x}, volume = {8}, year = {2017}, } @inbook{7980, abstract = {In this part, the use of polysaccharides, either directly through composite approaches, or by carbonization will be described. In many cases, materials are obtained which are competitive in terms of capacitance and cycle lifetime. In this part, the use of polysaccharides, either directly through composite approaches, or by carbonization will be described. In many cases, materials are obtained which are competitive in terms of capacitance and cycle lifetime. The following part will focus mainly on cellulosic composites with conductive polymers since cellulose is most abundant and therefore has attracted much more research interest in this field whereas in the second part also other polysaccharides, such as chitin, xylans, alginates, pectins, dextrans and caragenaans have been used in carbonization experiments.}, author = {Yee Liew, Soon and Thielemans, Wim and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander and Spirk, Stefan}, booktitle = {Polysaccharide Based Supercapacitors}, editor = {Yee Liew, Soon and Thielemans, Wim and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander and Spirk, Stefan}, isbn = {9783319507538}, issn = {2191-5407}, pages = {15--53}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Polysaccharides in supercapacitors}}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-50754-5_2}, year = {2017}, } @article{7981, abstract = {Aprotische Natrium‐O2‐Batterien basieren auf der reversiblen Bildung und Auflösung von Natriumsuperoxid (NaO2) während des Zellbetriebs. Nebenreaktionen des Elektrolyten und der Elektrode mit dem stark nukleophilen und basischen NaO2 führen zu mangelhafter Zyklenstabilität. Seine Reaktivität allein kann die Nebenreaktionen und schlechte Reversibilität jedoch nicht schlüssig erklären. Hier wird gezeigt, dass Singulett‐Sauerstoff (1O2) in allen Phasen des Betriebs entsteht und eine Hauptursache für Nebenreaktionen ist. 1O2 wurde in situ und ex situ mit einem 1O2‐Fänger detektiert, der schnell und selektiv ein Addukt mit 1O2 bildet. Mechanistisch betrachtet entsteht 1O2 entweder durch protonenunterstützte Disproportionierung von Superoxid während des Entladens, Lagerns und Ladens unter ca. 3.3 V oder durch direkte elektrochemische 1O2‐Entwicklung über ca. 3.3 V. Spuren von Wasser ermöglichen hohe Kapazitäten, beschleunigen aber auch Nebenreaktionen. Daher muss das hochreaktive 1O2 unbedingt kontrolliert werden, um die Zelle reversibel zu betreiben.}, author = {Schafzahl, Lukas and Mahne, Nika and Schafzahl, Bettina and Wilkening, Martin and Slugovc, Christian and Borisov, Sergey M. and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander}, issn = {0044-8249}, journal = {Angewandte Chemie}, number = {49}, pages = {15934--15938}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Singulett-Sauerstoff in der aprotischen Natrium-O2-Batterie}}, doi = {10.1002/ange.201709351}, volume = {129}, year = {2017}, } @article{7982, abstract = {Beyond-intercalation batteries promise a step-change in energy storage compared to intercalation-based lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries. However, only performance metrics that include all cell components and operation parameters can tell whether a true advance over intercalation batteries has been achieved.}, author = {Freunberger, Stefan Alexander}, issn = {2058-7546}, journal = {Nature Energy}, number = {7}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{True performance metrics in beyond-intercalation batteries}}, doi = {10.1038/nenergy.2017.91}, volume = {2}, year = {2017}, } @article{7986, author = {Mahne, Nika and Schafzahl, Bettina and Leypold, Christian and Leypold, Mario and Grumm, Sandra and Leitgeb, Anita and Strohmeier, Gernot A. and Wilkening, Martin and Fontaine, Olivier and Kramer, Denis and Slugovc, Christian and Borisov, Sergey M. and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander}, issn = {2058-7546}, journal = {Nature Energy}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Singlet oxygen generation as a major cause for parasitic reactions during cycling of aprotic lithium–oxygen batteries}}, doi = {10.1038/nenergy.2017.36}, volume = {2}, year = {2017}, } @article{799, abstract = {Membrane traffic at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) is crucial for correctly distributing various membrane proteins to their destination. Polarly localized auxin efflux proteins, including PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1), are dynamically transported between the endosomes and the plasma membrane (PM) in the plant cells. The intracellular trafficking of PIN1 protein is sensitive to a fungal toxin brefeldin A (BFA), which is known to inhibit guanine-nucleotide exchange factors for ADP ribosylation factors (ARF GEFs) such as GNOM. However, the molecular details of the BFA-sensitive trafficking pathway have not been revealed fully. In a previous study, we have identified an Arabidopsis mutant BFA-visualized endocytic trafficking defective 3 (ben3) which exhibited reduced sensitivity to BFA in terms of BFA-induced intracellular PIN1 agglomeration. Here, we show that BEN3 encodes a member of BIG family ARF GEFs, BIG2. Fluorescent proteins tagged BEN3/BIG2 co-localized with markers for TGN / early endosome (EE). Inspection of conditionally induced de novo synthesized PIN1 confirmed that its secretion to the PM is BFA-sensitive and established BEN3/BIG2 as a crucial component of this BFA action at the level of TGN/EE. Furthermore, ben3 mutation alleviated BFA-induced agglomeration of another TGN-localized ARF GEF BEN1/MIN7. Taken together our results suggest that BEN3/BIG2 is an ARF GEF component, which confers BFA sensitivity to the TGN/EE in Arabidopsis.}, author = {Kitakura, Saeko and Adamowski, Maciek and Matsuura, Yuki and Santuari, Luca and Kouno, Hirotaka and Arima, Kohei and Hardtke, Christian and Friml, Jirí and Kakimoto, Tatsuo and Tanaka, Hirokazu}, issn = {00320781}, journal = {Plant and Cell Physiology}, number = {10}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, title = {{BEN3/BIG2 ARF GEF is involved in brefeldin a-sensitive trafficking at the trans-Golgi network/early endosome in Arabidopsis thaliana}}, doi = {10.1093/pcp/pcx118}, volume = {58}, year = {2017}, } @article{800, abstract = {Gamma oscillations (30–150 Hz) in neuronal networks are associated with the processing and recall of information. We measured local field potentials in the dentate gyrus of freely moving mice and found that gamma activity occurs in bursts, which are highly heterogeneous in their spatial extensions, ranging from focal to global coherent events. Synaptic communication among perisomatic-inhibitory interneurons (PIIs) is thought to play an important role in the generation of hippocampal gamma patterns. However, how neuronal circuits can generate synchronous oscillations at different spatial scales is unknown. We analyzed paired recordings in dentate gyrus slices and show that synaptic signaling at interneuron-interneuron synapses is distance dependent. Synaptic strength declines whereas the duration of inhibitory signals increases with axonal distance among interconnected PIIs. Using neuronal network modeling, we show that distance-dependent inhibition generates multiple highly synchronous focal gamma bursts allowing the network to process complex inputs in parallel in flexibly organized neuronal centers.}, author = {Strüber, Michael and Sauer, Jonas and Jonas, Peter M and Bartos, Marlene}, issn = {20411723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, title = {{Distance-dependent inhibition facilitates focality of gamma oscillations in the dentate gyrus}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-017-00936-3}, volume = {8}, year = {2017}, }