@article{6596, abstract = {It is well known that many problems in image recovery, signal processing, and machine learning can be modeled as finding zeros of the sum of maximal monotone and Lipschitz continuous monotone operators. Many papers have studied forward-backward splitting methods for finding zeros of the sum of two monotone operators in Hilbert spaces. Most of the proposed splitting methods in the literature have been proposed for the sum of maximal monotone and inverse-strongly monotone operators in Hilbert spaces. In this paper, we consider splitting methods for finding zeros of the sum of maximal monotone operators and Lipschitz continuous monotone operators in Banach spaces. We obtain weak and strong convergence results for the zeros of the sum of maximal monotone and Lipschitz continuous monotone operators in Banach spaces. Many already studied problems in the literature can be considered as special cases of this paper.}, author = {Shehu, Yekini}, issn = {1420-9012}, journal = {Results in Mathematics}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{Convergence results of forward-backward algorithms for sum of monotone operators in Banach spaces}}, doi = {10.1007/s00025-019-1061-4}, volume = {74}, year = {2019}, } @article{6601, abstract = {There is increasing evidence that both mechanical and biochemical signals play important roles in development and disease. The development of complex organisms, in particular, has been proposed to rely on the feedback between mechanical and biochemical patterning events. This feedback occurs at the molecular level via mechanosensation but can also arise as an emergent property of the system at the cellular and tissue level. In recent years, dynamic changes in tissue geometry, flow, rheology, and cell fate specification have emerged as key platforms of mechanochemical feedback loops in multiple processes. Here, we review recent experimental and theoretical advances in understanding how these feedbacks function in development and disease.}, author = {Hannezo, Edouard B and Heisenberg, Carl-Philipp J}, issn = {00928674}, journal = {Cell}, number = {1}, pages = {12--25}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Mechanochemical feedback loops in development and disease}}, doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.052}, volume = {178}, year = {2019}, } @article{6607, abstract = {Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with respect to its genetic and molecular basis and to patients´ outcome. Clinical, cytogenetic, and mutational data are used to classify patients into risk groups with different survival, however, within-group heterogeneity is still an issue. Here, we used a robust likelihood-based survival modeling approach and publicly available gene expression data to identify a minimal number of genes whose combined expression values were prognostic of overall survival. The resulting gene expression signature (4-GES) consisted of 4 genes (SOCS2, IL2RA, NPDC1, PHGDH), predicted patient survival as an independent prognostic parameter in several cohorts of AML patients (total, 1272 patients), and further refined prognostication based on the European Leukemia Net classification. An oncogenic role of the top scoring gene in this signature, SOCS2, was investigated using MLL-AF9 and Flt3-ITD/NPM1c driven mouse models of AML. SOCS2 promoted leukemogenesis as well as the abundance, quiescence, and activity of AML stem cells. Overall, the 4-GES represents a highly discriminating prognostic parameter in AML, whose clinical applicability is greatly enhanced by its small number of genes. The newly established role of SOCS2 in leukemia aggressiveness and stemness raises the possibility that the signature might even be exploitable therapeutically.}, author = {Nguyen, Chi Huu and Glüxam, Tobias and Schlerka, Angela and Bauer, Katharina and Grandits, Alexander M. and Hackl, Hubert and Dovey, Oliver and Zöchbauer-Müller, Sabine and Cooper, Jonathan L. and Vassiliou, George S. and Stoiber, Dagmar and Wieser, Rotraud and Heller, Gerwin}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, title = {{SOCS2 is part of a highly prognostic 4-gene signature in AML and promotes disease aggressiveness}}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-019-45579-0}, volume = {9}, year = {2019}, } @article{6608, abstract = {We use the canonical bases produced by the tri-partition algorithm in (Edelsbrunner and Ölsböck, 2018) to open and close holes in a polyhedral complex, K. In a concrete application, we consider the Delaunay mosaic of a finite set, we let K be an Alpha complex, and we use the persistence diagram of the distance function to guide the hole opening and closing operations. The dependences between the holes define a partial order on the cells in K that characterizes what can and what cannot be constructed using the operations. The relations in this partial order reveal structural information about the underlying filtration of complexes beyond what is expressed by the persistence diagram.}, author = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Ölsböck, Katharina}, journal = {Computer Aided Geometric Design}, pages = {1--15}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Holes and dependences in an ordered complex}}, doi = {10.1016/j.cagd.2019.06.003}, volume = {73}, year = {2019}, } @article{6609, abstract = {Mechanical systems facilitate the development of a hybrid quantum technology comprising electrical, optical, atomic and acoustic degrees of freedom1, and entanglement is essential to realize quantum-enabled devices. Continuous-variable entangled fields—known as Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) states—are spatially separated two-mode squeezed states that can be used for quantum teleportation and quantum communication2. In the optical domain, EPR states are typically generated using nondegenerate optical amplifiers3, and at microwave frequencies Josephson circuits can serve as a nonlinear medium4,5,6. An outstanding goal is to deterministically generate and distribute entangled states with a mechanical oscillator, which requires a carefully arranged balance between excitation, cooling and dissipation in an ultralow noise environment. Here we observe stationary emission of path-entangled microwave radiation from a parametrically driven 30-micrometre-long silicon nanostring oscillator, squeezing the joint field operators of two thermal modes by 3.40 decibels below the vacuum level. The motion of this micromechanical system correlates up to 50 photons per second per hertz, giving rise to a quantum discord that is robust with respect to microwave noise7. Such generalized quantum correlations of separable states are important for quantum-enhanced detection8 and provide direct evidence of the non-classical nature of the mechanical oscillator without directly measuring its state9. This noninvasive measurement scheme allows to infer information about otherwise inaccessible objects, with potential implications for sensing, open-system dynamics and fundamental tests of quantum gravity. In the future, similar on-chip devices could be used to entangle subsystems on very different energy scales, such as microwave and optical photons.}, author = {Barzanjeh, Shabir and Redchenko, Elena and Peruzzo, Matilda and Wulf, Matthias and Lewis, Dylan and Arnold, Georg M and Fink, Johannes M}, journal = {Nature}, pages = {480--483}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, title = {{Stationary entangled radiation from micromechanical motion}}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-019-1320-2}, volume = {570}, year = {2019}, } @article{6611, abstract = {Cell polarity is crucial for the coordinated development of all multicellular organisms. In plants, this is exemplified by the PIN-FORMED (PIN) efflux carriers of the phytohormone auxin: The polar subcellular localization of the PINs is instructive to the directional intercellular auxin transport, and thus to a plethora of auxin-regulated growth and developmental processes. Despite its importance, the regulation of PIN polar subcellular localization remains poorly understood. Here, we have employed advanced live-cell imaging techniques to study the roles of microtubules and actin microfilaments in the establishment of apical polar localization of PIN2 in the epidermis of the Arabidopsis root meristem. We report that apical PIN2 polarity requires neither intact actin microfilaments nor microtubules, suggesting that the primary spatial cue for polar PIN distribution is likely independent of cytoskeleton-guided endomembrane trafficking.}, author = {Glanc, Matous and Fendrych, Matyas and Friml, Jiří}, journal = {Biomolecules}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, title = {{PIN2 polarity establishment in arabidopsis in the absence of an intact cytoskeleton}}, doi = {10.3390/biom9060222}, volume = {9}, year = {2019}, } @article{6617, abstract = {The effective large-scale properties of materials with random heterogeneities on a small scale are typically determined by the method of representative volumes: a sample of the random material is chosen—the representative volume—and its effective properties are computed by the cell formula. Intuitively, for a fixed sample size it should be possible to increase the accuracy of the method by choosing a material sample which captures the statistical properties of the material particularly well; for example, for a composite material consisting of two constituents, one would select a representative volume in which the volume fraction of the constituents matches closely with their volume fraction in the overall material. Inspired by similar attempts in materials science, Le Bris, Legoll and Minvielle have designed a selection approach for representative volumes which performs remarkably well in numerical examples of linear materials with moderate contrast. In the present work, we provide a rigorous analysis of this selection approach for representative volumes in the context of stochastic homogenization of linear elliptic equations. In particular, we prove that the method essentially never performs worse than a random selection of the material sample and may perform much better if the selection criterion for the material samples is chosen suitably.}, author = {Fischer, Julian L}, issn = {1432-0673}, journal = {Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis}, number = {2}, pages = {635–726}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{The choice of representative volumes in the approximation of effective properties of random materials}}, doi = {10.1007/s00205-019-01400-w}, volume = {234}, year = {2019}, } @article{6620, abstract = {This paper establishes an asymptotic formula with a power-saving error term for the number of rational points of bounded height on the singular cubic surface of ℙ3ℚ given by the following equation 𝑥0(𝑥21+𝑥22)−𝑥33=0 in agreement with the Manin-Peyre conjectures. }, author = {De La Bretèche, Régis and Destagnol, Kevin N and Liu, Jianya and Wu, Jie and Zhao, Yongqiang}, issn = {16747283}, journal = {Science China Mathematics}, number = {12}, pages = {2435–2446}, publisher = {Springer}, title = {{On a certain non-split cubic surface}}, doi = {10.1007/s11425-018-9543-8}, volume = {62}, year = {2019}, } @article{6621, abstract = {We read with great interest the recent work in PNAS by Bergero et al. (1) describing differences in male and female recombination patterns on the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) sex chromosome. We fully agree that recombination in males is largely confined to the ends of the sex chromosome. Bergero et al. interpret these results to suggest that our previous findings of population-level variation in the degree of sex chromosome differentiation in this species (2) are incorrect. However, we suggest that their results are entirely consistent with our previous report, and that their interpretation presents a false controversy.}, author = {Wright, Alison E. and Darolti, Iulia and Bloch, Natasha I. and Oostra, Vicencio and Sandkam, Benjamin A. and Buechel, Séverine D. and Kolm, Niclas and Breden, Felix and Vicoso, Beatriz and Mank, Judith E.}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {26}, pages = {12607--12608}, publisher = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, title = {{On the power to detect rare recombination events}}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1905555116}, volume = {116}, year = {2019}, } @article{6627, abstract = {Cortical microtubule arrays in elongating epidermal cells in both the root and stem of plants have the propensity of dynamic reorientations that are correlated with the activation or inhibition of growth. Factors regulating plant growth, among them the hormone auxin, have been recognized as regulators of microtubule array orientations. Some previous work in the field has aimed at elucidating the causal relationship between cell growth, the signaling of auxin or other growth-regulating factors, and microtubule array reorientations, with various conclusions. Here, we revisit this problem of causality with a comprehensive set of experiments in Arabidopsis thaliana, using the now available pharmacological and genetic tools. We use isolated, auxin-depleted hypocotyls, an experimental system allowing for full control of both growth and auxin signaling. We demonstrate that reorientation of microtubules is not directly triggered by an auxin signal during growth activation. Instead, reorientation is triggered by the activation of the growth process itself and is auxin-independent in its nature. We discuss these findings in the context of previous relevant work, including that on the mechanical regulation of microtubule array orientation.}, author = {Adamowski, Maciek and Li, Lanxin and Friml, Jiří}, issn = {1422-0067}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences}, number = {13}, publisher = {MDPI}, title = {{Reorientation of cortical microtubule arrays in the hypocotyl of arabidopsis thaliana is induced by the cell growth process and independent of auxin signaling}}, doi = {10.3390/ijms20133337}, volume = {20}, year = {2019}, } @inproceedings{6628, abstract = {Fejes Tóth [5] and Schneider [9] studied approximations of smooth convex hypersurfaces in Euclidean space by piecewise flat triangular meshes with a given number of vertices on the hypersurface that are optimal with respect to Hausdorff distance. They proved that this Hausdorff distance decreases inversely proportional with m 2/(d−1), where m is the number of vertices and d is the dimension of Euclidean space. Moreover the pro-portionality constant can be expressed in terms of the Gaussian curvature, an intrinsic quantity. In this short note, we prove the extrinsic nature of this constant for manifolds of sufficiently high codimension. We do so by constructing an family of isometric embeddings of the flat torus in Euclidean space.}, author = {Vegter, Gert and Wintraecken, Mathijs}, booktitle = {The 31st Canadian Conference in Computational Geometry}, location = {Edmonton, Canada}, pages = {275--279}, title = {{The extrinsic nature of the Hausdorff distance of optimal triangulations of manifolds}}, year = {2019}, } @article{6632, abstract = {We consider a two-component Bose gas in two dimensions at a low temperature with short-range repulsive interaction. In the coexistence phase where both components are superfluid, interspecies interactions induce a nondissipative drag between the two superfluid flows (Andreev-Bashkin effect). We show that this behavior leads to a modification of the usual Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition in two dimensions. We extend the renormalization of the superfluid densities at finite temperature using the renormalization-group approach and find that the vortices of one component have a large influence on the superfluid properties of the other, mediated by the nondissipative drag. The extended BKT flow equations indicate that the occurrence of the vortex unbinding transition in one of the components can induce the breakdown of superfluidity also in the other, leading to a locking phenomenon for the critical temperatures of the two gases.}, author = {Karle, Volker and Defenu, Nicolò and Enss, Tilman}, issn = {24699934}, journal = {Physical Review A}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Coupled superfluidity of binary Bose mixtures in two dimensions}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.99.063627}, volume = {99}, year = {2019}, } @article{6634, abstract = {In this paper we prove several new results around Gromov's waist theorem. We give a simple proof of Vaaler's theorem on sections of the unit cube using the Borsuk-Ulam-Crofton technique, consider waists of real and complex projective spaces, flat tori, convex bodies in Euclidean space; and establish waist-type results in terms of the Hausdorff measure.}, author = {Akopyan, Arseniy and Hubard, Alfredo and Karasev, Roman}, journal = {Topological Methods in Nonlinear Analysis}, number = {2}, pages = {457--490}, publisher = {Akademicka Platforma Czasopism}, title = {{Lower and upper bounds for the waists of different spaces}}, doi = {10.12775/TMNA.2019.008}, volume = {53}, year = {2019}, } @article{6637, abstract = {The environment changes constantly at various time scales and, in order to survive, species need to keep adapting. Whether these species succeed in avoiding extinction is a major evolutionary question. Using a multilocus evolutionary model of a mutation‐limited population adapting under strong selection, we investigate the effects of the frequency of environmental fluctuations on adaptation. Our results rely on an “adaptive‐walk” approximation and use mathematical methods from evolutionary computation theory to investigate the interplay between fluctuation frequency, the similarity of environments, and the number of loci contributing to adaptation. First, we assume a linear additive fitness function, but later generalize our results to include several types of epistasis. We show that frequent environmental changes prevent populations from reaching a fitness peak, but they may also prevent the large fitness loss that occurs after a single environmental change. Thus, the population can survive, although not thrive, in a wide range of conditions. Furthermore, we show that in a frequently changing environment, the similarity of threats that a population faces affects the level of adaptation that it is able to achieve. We check and supplement our analytical results with simulations.}, author = {Trubenova, Barbora and Krejca, Martin and Lehre, Per Kristian and Kötzing, Timo}, journal = {Evolution}, number = {7}, pages = {1356--1374}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{Surfing on the seascape: Adaptation in a changing environment}}, doi = {10.1111/evo.13784}, volume = {73}, year = {2019}, } @article{6638, abstract = {The crossing number of a graph G is the least number of crossings over all possible drawings of G. We present a structural characterization of graphs with crossing number one.}, author = {Silva, André and Arroyo Guevara, Alan M and Richter, Bruce and Lee, Orlando}, issn = {0012-365X}, journal = {Discrete Mathematics}, number = {11}, pages = {3201--3207}, publisher = {Elsevier}, title = {{Graphs with at most one crossing}}, doi = {10.1016/j.disc.2019.06.031}, volume = {342}, year = {2019}, } @inproceedings{6642, abstract = {We present a thermodynamically based approach to the design of models for viscoelastic fluids with stress diffusion effect. In particular, we show how to add a stress diffusion term to some standard viscoelastic rate-type models (Giesekus, FENE-P, Johnson–Segalman, Phan-Thien–Tanner and Bautista–Manero–Puig) so that the resulting models with the added stress diffusion term are thermodynamically consistent in the sense that they obey the first and the second law of thermodynamics. We point out the potential applications of the provided thermodynamical background in the study of flows of fluids described by the proposed models.}, author = {Dostalík, Mark and Pruša, Vít and Skrivan, Tomas}, booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings}, location = {Zlin, Czech Republic}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, title = {{On diffusive variants of some classical viscoelastic rate-type models}}, doi = {10.1063/1.5109493}, volume = {2107}, year = {2019}, } @inproceedings{6647, abstract = {The Tverberg theorem is one of the cornerstones of discrete geometry. It states that, given a set X of at least (d+1)(r-1)+1 points in R^d, one can find a partition X=X_1 cup ... cup X_r of X, such that the convex hulls of the X_i, i=1,...,r, all share a common point. In this paper, we prove a strengthening of this theorem that guarantees a partition which, in addition to the above, has the property that the boundaries of full-dimensional convex hulls have pairwise nonempty intersections. Possible generalizations and algorithmic aspects are also discussed. As a concrete application, we show that any n points in the plane in general position span floor[n/3] vertex-disjoint triangles that are pairwise crossing, meaning that their boundaries have pairwise nonempty intersections; this number is clearly best possible. A previous result of Alvarez-Rebollar et al. guarantees floor[n/6] pairwise crossing triangles. Our result generalizes to a result about simplices in R^d,d >=2.}, author = {Fulek, Radoslav and Gärtner, Bernd and Kupavskii, Andrey and Valtr, Pavel and Wagner, Uli}, booktitle = {35th International Symposium on Computational Geometry}, isbn = {9783959771047}, issn = {1868-8969}, location = {Portland, OR, United States}, pages = {38:1--38:13}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{The crossing Tverberg theorem}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPICS.SOCG.2019.38}, volume = {129}, year = {2019}, } @inproceedings{6648, abstract = {Various kinds of data are routinely represented as discrete probability distributions. Examples include text documents summarized by histograms of word occurrences and images represented as histograms of oriented gradients. Viewing a discrete probability distribution as a point in the standard simplex of the appropriate dimension, we can understand collections of such objects in geometric and topological terms. Importantly, instead of using the standard Euclidean distance, we look into dissimilarity measures with information-theoretic justification, and we develop the theory needed for applying topological data analysis in this setting. In doing so, we emphasize constructions that enable the usage of existing computational topology software in this context.}, author = {Edelsbrunner, Herbert and Virk, Ziga and Wagner, Hubert}, booktitle = {35th International Symposium on Computational Geometry}, isbn = {9783959771047}, location = {Portland, OR, United States}, pages = {31:1--31:14}, publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik}, title = {{Topological data analysis in information space}}, doi = {10.4230/LIPICS.SOCG.2019.31}, volume = {129}, year = {2019}, } @article{6650, abstract = {We propose a novel technique for the automatic design of molds to cast highly complex shapes. The technique generates composite, two-piece molds. Each mold piece is made up of a hard plastic shell and a flexible silicone part. Thanks to the thin, soft, and smartly shaped silicone part, which is kept in place by a hard plastic shell, we can cast objects of unprecedented complexity. An innovative algorithm based on a volumetric analysis defines the layout of the internal cuts in the silicone mold part. Our approach can robustly handle thin protruding features and intertwined topologies that have caused previous methods to fail. We compare our results with state of the art techniques, and we demonstrate the casting of shapes with extremely complex geometry.}, author = {Alderighi, Thomas and Malomo, Luigi and Giorgi, Daniela and Bickel, Bernd and Cignoni, Paolo and Pietroni, Nico}, issn = {0730-0301}, journal = {ACM Transactions on Graphics}, number = {4}, publisher = {ACM}, title = {{Volume-aware design of composite molds}}, doi = {10.1145/3306346.3322981}, volume = {38}, year = {2019}, } @article{6657, abstract = {In this article a model is described how Open Access definitions can be formed on the basis of objective criteria. The common Open Access definitions such as "gold" and "green" are not exactly defined. This becomes a problem as soon as one begins to measure Open Access, for example if the development of the Open Access share should be monitored. This was discussed in the working group on Open Access Monitoring of the AT2OA project and the present model was developed, which is based on 5 critics with 4 characteristics: location, licence, version, embargo and conditions of the Open Access publication are taken into account. In the meantime, the model has also been tested in practice using R scripts, and the initial results are quite promising.}, author = {Danowski, Patrick}, issn = {1022-2588}, journal = {Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare}, number = {1}, pages = {59--65}, publisher = {Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare}, title = {{An Austrian proposal for the classification of Open Access Tuples (COAT) - distinguish different open access types beyond colors}}, doi = {10.31263/voebm.v72i1.2276}, volume = {72}, year = {2019}, }