@article{7182,
  abstract     = {During infection pathogens secrete small molecules, termed effectors, to manipulate and control the interaction with their specific hosts. Both the pathogen and the plant are under high selective pressure to rapidly adapt and co-evolve in what is usually referred to as molecular arms race. Components of the host’s immune system form a network that processes information about molecules with a foreign origin and damage-associated signals, integrating them with developmental and abiotic cues to adapt the plant’s responses. Both in the case of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors and leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases interaction networks have been extensively characterized. However, little is known on whether pathogenic effectors form complexes to overcome plant immunity and promote disease. Ustilago maydis, a biotrophic fungal pathogen that infects maize plants, produces effectors that target hubs in the immune network of the host cell. Here we assess the capability of U. maydis effector candidates to interact with each other, which may play a crucial role during the infection process. Using a systematic yeast-two-hybrid approach and based on a preliminary pooled screen, we selected 63 putative effectors for one-on-one matings with a library of nearly 300 effector candidates. We found that 126 of these effector candidates interacted either with themselves or other predicted effectors. Although the functional relevance of the observed interactions remains elusive, we propose that the observed abundance in complex formation between effectors adds an additional level of complexity to effector research and should be taken into consideration when studying effector evolution and function. Based on this fundamental finding, we suggest various scenarios which could evolutionarily drive the formation and stabilization of an effector interactome.},
  author       = {Alcântara, André and Bosch, Jason and Nazari, Fahimeh and Hoffmann, Gesa and Gallei, Michelle C and Uhse, Simon and Darino, Martin A. and Olukayode, Toluwase and Reumann, Daniel and Baggaley, Laura and Djamei, Armin},
  issn         = {1664462X},
  journal      = {Frontiers in Plant Science},
  number       = {11},
  publisher    = {Frontiers},
  title        = {{Systematic Y2H screening reveals extensive effector-complex formation}},
  doi          = {10.3389/fpls.2019.01437},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2019},
}

@inproceedings{7183,
  abstract     = {A probabilistic vector addition system with states (pVASS) is a finite state Markov process augmented with non-negative integer counters that can be incremented or decremented during each state transition, blocking any behaviour that would cause a counter to decrease below zero. The pVASS can be used as abstractions of probabilistic programs with many decidable properties. The use of pVASS as abstractions requires the presence of nondeterminism in the model. In this paper, we develop techniques for checking fast termination of pVASS with nondeterminism. That is, for every initial configuration of size n, we consider the worst expected number of transitions needed to reach a configuration with some counter negative (the expected termination time). We show that the problem whether the asymptotic expected termination time is linear is decidable in polynomial time for a certain natural class of pVASS with nondeterminism. Furthermore, we show the following dichotomy: if the asymptotic expected termination time is not linear, then it is at least quadratic, i.e., in Ω(n2).},
  author       = {Brázdil, Tomás and Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Kucera, Antonín and Novotný, Petr and Velan, Dominik},
  booktitle    = {International Symposium on Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis},
  isbn         = {9783030317836},
  issn         = {16113349},
  location     = {Taipei, Taiwan},
  pages        = {462--478},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Deciding fast termination for probabilistic VASS with nondeterminism}},
  doi          = {10.1007/978-3-030-31784-3_27},
  volume       = {11781},
  year         = {2019},
}

@phdthesis{7186,
  abstract     = {Tissue morphogenesis in developmental or physiological processes is regulated by molecular
and mechanical signals. While the molecular signaling cascades are increasingly well
described, the mechanical signals affecting tissue shape changes have only recently been
studied in greater detail. To gain more insight into the mechanochemical and biophysical
basis of an epithelial spreading process (epiboly) in early zebrafish development, we studied
cell-cell junction formation and actomyosin network dynamics at the boundary between
surface layer epithelial cells (EVL) and the yolk syncytial layer (YSL). During zebrafish epiboly,
the cell mass sitting on top of the yolk cell spreads to engulf the yolk cell by the end of
gastrulation. It has been previously shown that an actomyosin ring residing within the YSL
pulls on the EVL tissue through a cable-constriction and a flow-friction motor, thereby
dragging the tissue vegetal wards. Pulling forces are likely transmitted from the YSL
actomyosin ring to EVL cells; however, the nature and formation of the junctional structure
mediating this process has not been well described so far. Therefore, our main aim was to
determine the nature, dynamics and potential function of the EVL-YSL junction during this
epithelial tissue spreading. Specifically, we show that the EVL-YSL junction is a
mechanosensitive structure, predominantly made of tight junction (TJ) proteins. The process
of TJ mechanosensation depends on the retrograde flow of non-junctional, phase-separated
Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein clusters towards the EVL-YSL boundary. Interestingly, we
could demonstrate that ZO-1 is present in a non-junctional pool on the surface of the yolk
cell, and ZO-1 undergoes a phase separation process that likely renders the protein
responsive to flows. These flows are directed towards the junction and mediate proper
tension-dependent recruitment of ZO-1. Upon reaching the EVL-YSL junction ZO-1 gets
incorporated into the junctional pool mediated through its direct actin-binding domain.
When the non-junctional pool and/or ZO-1 direct actin binding is absent, TJs fail in their
proper mechanosensitive responses resulting in slower tissue spreading. We could further
demonstrate that depletion of ZO proteins within the YSL results in diminished actomyosin
ring formation. This suggests that a mechanochemical feedback loop is at work during
zebrafish epiboly: ZO proteins help in proper actomyosin ring formation and actomyosin
contractility and flows positively influence ZO-1 junctional recruitment. Finally, such a
mesoscale polarization process mediated through the flow of phase-separated protein
clusters might have implications for other processes such as immunological synapse
formation, C. elegans zygote polarization and wound healing.},
  author       = {Schwayer, Cornelia},
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  pages        = {107},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Mechanosensation of tight junctions depends on ZO-1 phase separation and flow}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:7186},
  year         = {2019},
}

@article{7190,
  abstract     = {We investigate the ground-state energy of a one-dimensional Fermi gas with two bosonic impurities. We consider spinless fermions with no fermion-fermion interactions. The fermion-impurity and impurity-impurity interactions are modeled with Dirac delta functions. First, we study the case where impurity and fermion have equal masses, and the impurity-impurity two-body interaction is identical to the fermion-impurity interaction, such that the system is solvable with the Bethe ansatz. For attractive interactions, we find that the energy of the impurity-impurity subsystem is below the energy of the bound state that exists without the Fermi gas. We interpret this as a manifestation of attractive boson-boson interactions induced by the fermionic medium, and refer to the impurity-impurity subsystem as an in-medium bound state. For repulsive interactions, we find no in-medium bound states. Second, we construct an effective model to describe these interactions, and compare its predictions to the exact solution. We use this effective model to study nonintegrable systems with unequal masses and/or potentials. We discuss parameter regimes for which impurity-impurity attraction induced by the Fermi gas can lead to the formation of in-medium bound states made of bosons that repel each other in the absence of the Fermi gas.},
  author       = {Huber, D. and Hammer, H.-W. and Volosniev, Artem},
  issn         = {2643-1564},
  journal      = {Physical Review Research},
  number       = {3},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{In-medium bound states of two bosonic impurities in a one-dimensional Fermi gas}},
  doi          = {10.1103/physrevresearch.1.033177},
  volume       = {1},
  year         = {2019},
}

@article{7197,
  abstract     = {During bacterial cell division, the tubulin-homolog FtsZ forms a ring-like structure at the center of the cell. This Z-ring not only organizes the division machinery, but treadmilling of FtsZ filaments was also found to play a key role in distributing proteins at the division site. What regulates the architecture, dynamics and stability of the Z-ring is currently unknown, but FtsZ-associated proteins are known to play an important role. Here, using an in vitro reconstitution approach, we studied how the well-conserved protein ZapA affects FtsZ treadmilling and filament organization into large-scale patterns. Using high-resolution fluorescence microscopy and quantitative image analysis, we found that ZapA cooperatively increases the spatial order of the filament network, but binds only transiently to FtsZ filaments and has no effect on filament length and treadmilling velocity. Together, our data provides a model for how FtsZ-associated proteins can increase the precision and stability of the bacterial cell division machinery in a switch-like manner.},
  author       = {Dos Santos Caldas, Paulo R and Lopez Pelegrin, Maria D and Pearce, Daniel J. G. and Budanur, Nazmi B and Brugués, Jan and Loose, Martin},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Cooperative ordering of treadmilling filaments in cytoskeletal networks of FtsZ and its crosslinker ZapA}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-019-13702-4},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2019},
}

@article{72,
  abstract     = {We consider the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) with non-random initial condition having density ρ on ℤ− and λ on ℤ+, and a second class particle initially at the origin. For ρ<λ, there is a shock and the second class particle moves with speed 1−λ−ρ. For large time t, we show that the position of the second class particle fluctuates on a t1/3 scale and determine its limiting law. We also obtain the limiting distribution of the number of steps made by the second class particle until time t.},
  author       = {Ferrari, Patrick and Ghosal, Promit and Nejjar, Peter},
  issn         = {0246-0203},
  journal      = {Annales de l'institut Henri Poincare (B) Probability and Statistics},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {1203--1225},
  publisher    = {Institute of Mathematical Statistics},
  title        = {{Limit law of a second class particle in TASEP with non-random initial condition}},
  doi          = {10.1214/18-AIHP916},
  volume       = {55},
  year         = {2019},
}

@article{7200,
  abstract     = {Recent scanning tunneling microscopy experiments in NbN thin disordered superconducting films found an emergent inhomogeneity at the scale of tens of nanometers. This inhomogeneity is mirrored by an apparent dimensional crossover in the paraconductivity measured in transport above the superconducting critical temperature Tc. This behavior was interpreted in terms of an anomalous diffusion of fluctuating Cooper pairs that display a quasiconfinement (i.e., a slowing down of their diffusive dynamics) on length scales shorter than the inhomogeneity identified by tunneling experiments. Here, we assume this anomalous diffusive behavior of fluctuating Cooper pairs and calculate the effect of these fluctuations on the electron density of states above Tc. We find that the density of states is substantially suppressed up to temperatures well above Tc. This behavior, which is closely reminiscent of a pseudogap, only arises from the anomalous diffusion of fluctuating Cooper pairs in the absence of stable preformed pairs, setting the stage for an intermediate behavior between the two common paradigms in the superconducting-insulator transition, namely, the localization of Cooper pairs (the so-called bosonic scenario) and the breaking of Cooper pairs into unpaired electrons due to strong disorder (the so-called fermionic scenario).},
  author       = {Brighi, Pietro and Grilli, Marco and Leridon, Brigitte and Caprara, Sergio},
  issn         = {2469-9969},
  journal      = {Physical Review B},
  number       = {17},
  publisher    = {American Physical Society},
  title        = {{Effect of anomalous diffusion of fluctuating Cooper pairs on the density of states of superconducting NbN thin films}},
  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevB.100.174518},
  volume       = {100},
  year         = {2019},
}

@inproceedings{7201,
  abstract     = {Applying machine learning techniques to the quickly growing data in science and industry requires highly-scalable algorithms. Large datasets are most commonly processed "data parallel" distributed across many nodes. Each node's contribution to the overall gradient is summed using a global allreduce. This allreduce is the single communication and thus scalability bottleneck for most machine learning workloads. We observe that frequently, many gradient values are (close to) zero, leading to sparse of sparsifyable communications. To exploit this insight, we analyze, design, and implement a set of communication-efficient protocols for sparse input data, in conjunction with efficient machine learning algorithms which can leverage these primitives. Our communication protocols generalize standard collective operations, by allowing processes to contribute arbitrary sparse input data vectors. Our generic communication library, SparCML1, extends MPI to support additional features, such as non-blocking (asynchronous) operations and low-precision data representations. As such, SparCML and its techniques will form the basis of future highly-scalable machine learning frameworks.},
  author       = {Renggli, Cedric and Ashkboos, Saleh and Aghagolzadeh, Mehdi and Alistarh, Dan-Adrian and Hoefler, Torsten},
  booktitle    = {International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, SC},
  isbn         = {9781450362290},
  issn         = {21674337},
  location     = {Denver, CO, Unites States},
  publisher    = {ACM},
  title        = {{SparCML: High-performance sparse communication for machine learning}},
  doi          = {10.1145/3295500.3356222},
  year         = {2019},
}

@article{7202,
  abstract     = {The cerebral cortex contains multiple areas with distinctive cytoarchitectonical patterns, but the cellular mechanisms underlying the emergence of this diversity remain unclear. Here, we have investigated the neuronal output of individual progenitor cells in the developing mouse neocortex using a combination of methods that together circumvent the biases and limitations of individual approaches. Our experimental results indicate that progenitor cells generate pyramidal cell lineages with a wide range of sizes and laminar configurations. Mathematical modelling indicates that these outcomes are compatible with a stochastic model of cortical neurogenesis in which progenitor cells undergo a series of probabilistic decisions that lead to the specification of very heterogeneous progenies. Our findings support a mechanism for cortical neurogenesis whose flexibility would make it capable to generate the diverse cytoarchitectures that characterize distinct neocortical areas.},
  author       = {Llorca, Alfredo and Ciceri, Gabriele and Beattie, Robert J and Wong, Fong Kuan and Diana, Giovanni and Serafeimidou-Pouliou, Eleni and Fernández-Otero, Marian and Streicher, Carmen and Arnold, Sebastian J. and Meyer, Martin and Hippenmeyer, Simon and Maravall, Miguel and Marín, Oscar},
  issn         = {2050084X},
  journal      = {eLife},
  publisher    = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  title        = {{A stochastic framework of neurogenesis underlies the assembly of neocortical cytoarchitecture}},
  doi          = {10.7554/eLife.51381},
  volume       = {8},
  year         = {2019},
}

@article{7210,
  abstract     = {The rate of biological evolution depends on the fixation probability and on the fixation time of new mutants. Intensive research has focused on identifying population structures that augment the fixation probability of advantageous mutants. But these amplifiers of natural selection typically increase fixation time. Here we study population structures that achieve a tradeoff between fixation probability and time. First, we show that no amplifiers can have an asymptotically lower absorption time than the well-mixed population. Then we design population structures that substantially augment the fixation probability with just a minor increase in fixation time. Finally, we show that those structures enable higher effective rate of evolution than the well-mixed population provided that the rate of generating advantageous mutants is relatively low. Our work sheds light on how population structure affects the rate of evolution. Moreover, our structures could be useful for lab-based, medical, or industrial applications of evolutionary optimization.},
  author       = {Tkadlec, Josef and Pavlogiannis, Andreas and Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Nowak, Martin A.},
  issn         = {2399-3642},
  journal      = {Communications Biology},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Population structure determines the tradeoff between fixation probability and fixation time}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s42003-019-0373-y},
  volume       = {2},
  year         = {2019},
}

@article{7214,
  abstract     = {Background: Many cancer genomes are extensively rearranged with highly aberrant chromosomal karyotypes. Structural and copy number variations in cancer genomes can be determined via abnormal mapping of sequenced reads to the reference genome. Recently it became possible to reconcile both of these types of large-scale variations into a karyotype graph representation of the rearranged cancer genomes. Such a representation, however, does not directly describe the linear and/or circular structure of the underlying rearranged cancer chromosomes, thus limiting possible analysis of cancer genomes somatic evolutionary process as well as functional genomic changes brought by the large-scale genome rearrangements.

Results: Here we address the aforementioned limitation by introducing a novel methodological framework for recovering rearranged cancer chromosomes from karyotype graphs. For a cancer karyotype graph we formulate an Eulerian Decomposition Problem (EDP) of finding a collection of linear and/or circular rearranged cancer chromosomes that are determined by the graph. We derive and prove computational complexities for several variations of the EDP. We then demonstrate that Eulerian decomposition of the cancer karyotype graphs is not always unique and present the Consistent Contig Covering Problem (CCCP) of recovering unambiguous cancer contigs from the cancer karyotype graph, and describe a novel algorithm CCR capable of solving CCCP in polynomial time. We apply CCR on a prostate cancer dataset and demonstrate that it is capable of consistently recovering large cancer contigs even when underlying cancer genomes are highly rearranged.

Conclusions: CCR can recover rearranged cancer contigs from karyotype graphs thereby addressing existing limitation in inferring chromosomal structures of rearranged cancer genomes and advancing our understanding of both patient/cancer-specific as well as the overall genetic instability in cancer.},
  author       = {Aganezov, Sergey and Zban, Ilya and Aksenov, Vitalii and Alexeev, Nikita and Schatz, Michael C.},
  issn         = {14712105},
  journal      = {BMC Bioinformatics},
  publisher    = {BMC},
  title        = {{Recovering rearranged cancer chromosomes from karyotype graphs}},
  doi          = {10.1186/s12859-019-3208-4},
  volume       = {20},
  year         = {2019},
}

@article{7225,
  abstract     = {This is a literature teaching resource review for biologically inspired microfluidics courses
or exploring the diverse applications of microfluidics. The structure is around key papers and model
organisms. While courses gradually change over time, a focus remains on understanding how
microfluidics has developed as well as what it can and cannot do for researchers. As a primary
starting point, we cover micro-fluid mechanics principles and microfabrication of devices. A variety
of applications are discussed using model prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms from the set
of bacteria (Escherichia coli), trypanosomes (Trypanosoma brucei), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae),
slime molds (Physarum polycephalum), worms (Caenorhabditis elegans), flies (Drosophila melangoster),
plants (Arabidopsis thaliana), and mouse immune cells (Mus musculus). Other engineering and
biochemical methods discussed include biomimetics, organ on a chip, inkjet, droplet microfluidics,
biotic games, and diagnostics. While we have not yet reached the end-all lab on a chip,
microfluidics can still be used effectively for specific applications.},
  author       = {Merrin, Jack},
  issn         = {23065354},
  journal      = {Bioengineering},
  number       = {4},
  publisher    = {MDPI},
  title        = {{Frontiers in microfluidics, a teaching resource review}},
  doi          = {10.3390/bioengineering6040109},
  volume       = {6},
  year         = {2019},
}

@article{7226,
  author       = {Jaksic, Vojkan and Seiringer, Robert},
  issn         = {00222488},
  journal      = {Journal of Mathematical Physics},
  number       = {12},
  publisher    = {AIP Publishing},
  title        = {{Introduction to the Special Collection: International Congress on Mathematical Physics (ICMP) 2018}},
  doi          = {10.1063/1.5138135},
  volume       = {60},
  year         = {2019},
}

@inproceedings{7230,
  abstract     = {Simple drawings of graphs are those in which each pair of edges share at most one point, either a common endpoint or a proper crossing. In this paper we study the problem of extending a simple drawing D(G) of a graph G by inserting a set of edges from the complement of G into D(G) such that the result is a simple drawing. In the context of rectilinear drawings, the problem is trivial. For pseudolinear drawings, the existence of such an extension follows from Levi’s enlargement lemma. In contrast, we prove that deciding if a given set of edges can be inserted into a simple drawing is NP-complete. Moreover, we show that the maximization version of the problem is APX-hard. We also present a polynomial-time algorithm for deciding whether one edge uv can be inserted into D(G) when {u,v} is a dominating set for the graph G.},
  author       = {Arroyo Guevara, Alan M and Derka, Martin and Parada, Irene},
  booktitle    = {27th International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization},
  isbn         = {978-3-0303-5801-3},
  issn         = {1611-3349},
  location     = {Prague, Czech Republic},
  pages        = {230--243},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Extending simple drawings}},
  doi          = {10.1007/978-3-030-35802-0_18},
  volume       = {11904},
  year         = {2019},
}

@inproceedings{7231,
  abstract     = {Piecewise Barrier Tubes (PBT) is a new technique for flowpipe overapproximation for nonlinear systems with polynomial dynamics, which leverages a combination of barrier certificates. PBT has advantages over traditional time-step based methods in dealing with those nonlinear dynamical systems in which there is a large difference in speed between trajectories, producing an overapproximation that is time independent. However, the existing approach for PBT is not efficient due to the application of interval methods for enclosure-box computation, and it can only deal with continuous dynamical systems without uncertainty. In this paper, we extend the approach with the ability to handle both continuous and hybrid dynamical systems with uncertainty that can reside in parameters and/or noise. We also improve the efficiency of the method significantly, by avoiding the use of interval-based methods for the enclosure-box computation without loosing soundness. We have developed a C++ prototype implementing the proposed approach and we evaluate it on several benchmarks. The experiments show that our approach is more efficient and precise than other methods in the literature.},
  author       = {Kong, Hui and Bartocci, Ezio and Jiang, Yu and Henzinger, Thomas A},
  booktitle    = {17th International Conference on Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems},
  isbn         = {978-3-0302-9661-2},
  issn         = {1611-3349},
  location     = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
  pages        = {123--141},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Piecewise robust barrier tubes for nonlinear hybrid systems with uncertainty}},
  doi          = {10.1007/978-3-030-29662-9_8},
  volume       = {11750},
  year         = {2019},
}

@article{7275,
  abstract     = {Aprotic alkali metal–oxygen batteries require reversible formation of metal superoxide or peroxide on cycling. Severe parasitic reactions cause poor rechargeability, efficiency, and cycle life and have been shown to be caused by singlet oxygen (1O2) that forms at all stages of cycling. However, its formation mechanism remains unclear. We show that disproportionation of superoxide, the product or intermediate on discharge and charge, to peroxide and oxygen is responsible for 1O2 formation. While the overall reaction is driven by the stability of peroxide and thus favored by stronger Lewis acidic cations such as Li+, the 1O2 fraction is enhanced by weak Lewis acids such as organic cations. Concurrently, the metal peroxide yield drops with increasing 1O2. The results explain a major parasitic pathway during cell cycling and the growing severity in K–, Na–, and Li–O2 cells based on the growing propensity for disproportionation. High capacities and rates with peroxides are now realized to require solution processes, which form peroxide or release O2via disproportionation. The results therefore establish the central dilemma that disproportionation is required for high capacity but also responsible for irreversible reactions. Highly reversible cell operation requires hence finding reaction routes that avoid disproportionation.},
  author       = {Mourad, Eléonore and Petit, Yann K. and Spezia, Riccardo and Samojlov, Aleksej and Summa, Francesco F. and Prehal, Christian and Leypold, Christian and Mahne, Nika and Slugovc, Christian and Fontaine, Olivier and Brutti, Sergio and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander},
  issn         = {1754-5692},
  journal      = {Energy & Environmental Science},
  number       = {8},
  pages        = {2559--2568},
  publisher    = {RSC},
  title        = {{Singlet oxygen from cation driven superoxide disproportionation and consequences for aprotic metal–O2 batteries}},
  doi          = {10.1039/c9ee01453e},
  volume       = {12},
  year         = {2019},
}

@article{7276,
  abstract     = {Singlet oxygen (1O2) causes a major fraction of the parasitic chemistry during the cycling of non‐aqueous alkali metal‐O2 batteries and also contributes to interfacial reactivity of transition‐metal oxide intercalation compounds. We introduce DABCOnium, the mono alkylated form of 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), as an efficient 1O2 quencher with an unusually high oxidative stability of ca. 4.2 V vs. Li/Li+. Previous quenchers are strongly Lewis basic amines with too low oxidative stability. DABCOnium is an ionic liquid, non‐volatile, highly soluble in the electrolyte, stable against superoxide and peroxide, and compatible with lithium metal. The electrochemical stability covers the required range for metal–O2 batteries and greatly reduces 1O2 related parasitic chemistry as demonstrated for the Li–O2 cell.},
  author       = {Petit, Yann K. and Leypold, Christian and Mahne, Nika and Mourad, Eléonore and Schafzahl, Lukas and Slugovc, Christian and Borisov, Sergey M. and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander},
  issn         = {1433-7851},
  journal      = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition},
  number       = {20},
  pages        = {6535--6539},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{DABCOnium: An efficient and high-voltage stable singlet oxygen quencher for metal-O2 cells}},
  doi          = {10.1002/anie.201901869},
  volume       = {58},
  year         = {2019},
}

@article{7280,
  abstract     = {Non-aqueous lithium-oxygen batteries cycle by forming lithium peroxide during discharge and oxidizing it during recharge. The significant problem of oxidizing the solid insulating lithium peroxide can greatly be facilitated by incorporating redox mediators that shuttle electron-holes between the porous substrate and lithium peroxide. Redox mediator stability is thus key for energy efficiency, reversibility, and cycle life. However, the gradual deactivation of redox mediators during repeated cycling has not conclusively been explained. Here, we show that organic redox mediators are predominantly decomposed by singlet oxygen that forms during cycling. Their reaction with superoxide, previously assumed to mainly trigger their degradation, peroxide, and dioxygen, is orders of magnitude slower in comparison. The reduced form of the mediator is markedly more reactive towards singlet oxygen than the oxidized form, from which we derive reaction mechanisms supported by density functional theory calculations. Redox mediators must thus be designed for stability against singlet oxygen.},
  author       = {Kwak, Won-Jin and Kim, Hun and Petit, Yann K. and Leypold, Christian and Nguyen, Trung Thien and Mahne, Nika and Redfern, Paul and Curtiss, Larry A. and Jung, Hun-Gi and Borisov, Sergey M. and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander and Sun, Yang-Kook},
  issn         = {2041-1723},
  journal      = {Nature Communications},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Deactivation of redox mediators in lithium-oxygen batteries by singlet oxygen}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-019-09399-0},
  volume       = {10},
  year         = {2019},
}

@article{7281,
  abstract     = {Li–O2 batteries are plagued by side reactions that cause poor rechargeability and efficiency. These reactions were recently revealed to be predominantly caused by singlet oxygen, which can be neutralized by chemical traps or physical quenchers. However, traps are irreversibly consumed and thus only active for a limited time, and so far identified quenchers lack oxidative stability to be suitable for typically required recharge potentials. Thus, reducing the charge potential within the stability limit of the quencher and/or finding more stable quenchers is required. Here, we show that dimethylphenazine as a redox mediator decreases the charge potential well within the stability limit of the quencher 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. The quencher can thus mitigate the parasitic reactions without being oxidatively decomposed. At the same time the quencher protects the redox mediator from singlet oxygen attack. The mutual conservation of the redox mediator and the quencher is rational for stable and effective Li–O2 batteries.},
  author       = {Kwak, Won-Jin and Freunberger, Stefan Alexander and Kim, Hun and Park, Jiwon and Nguyen, Trung Thien and Jung, Hun-Gi and Byon, Hye Ryung and Sun, Yang-Kook},
  issn         = {2155-5435},
  journal      = {ACS Catalysis},
  number       = {11},
  pages        = {9914--9922},
  publisher    = {ACS},
  title        = {{Mutual conservation of redox mediator and singlet oxygen quencher in Lithium–Oxygen batteries}},
  doi          = {10.1021/acscatal.9b01337},
  volume       = {9},
  year         = {2019},
}

@article{7282,
  abstract     = {Interphases that form on the anode surface of lithium-ion batteries are critical for performance and lifetime, but are poorly understood. Now, a decade-old misconception regarding a main component of the interphase has been revealed, which could potentially lead to improved devices.},
  author       = {Freunberger, Stefan Alexander},
  issn         = {1755-4330},
  journal      = {Nature Chemistry},
  number       = {9},
  pages        = {761--763},
  publisher    = {Springer Nature},
  title        = {{Interphase identity crisis}},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41557-019-0311-0},
  volume       = {11},
  year         = {2019},
}