@article{8737, abstract = {Mitochondrial complex I couples NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreduction to proton pumping by an unknown mechanism. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of ovine complex I in five different conditions, including turnover, at resolutions up to 2.3 to 2.5 angstroms. Resolved water molecules allowed us to experimentally define the proton translocation pathways. Quinone binds at three positions along the quinone cavity, as does the inhibitor rotenone that also binds within subunit ND4. Dramatic conformational changes around the quinone cavity couple the redox reaction to proton translocation during open-to-closed state transitions of the enzyme. In the induced deactive state, the open conformation is arrested by the ND6 subunit. We propose a detailed molecular coupling mechanism of complex I, which is an unexpected combination of conformational changes and electrostatic interactions.}, author = {Kampjut, Domen and Sazanov, Leonid A}, issn = {10959203}, journal = {Science}, number = {6516}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, title = {{The coupling mechanism of mammalian respiratory complex I}}, doi = {10.1126/science.abc4209}, volume = {370}, year = {2020}, } @article{8740, abstract = {In vitro work revealed that excitatory synaptic inputs to hippocampal inhibitory interneurons could undergo Hebbian, associative, or non-associative plasticity. Both behavioral and learning-dependent reorganization of these connections has also been demonstrated by measuring spike transmission probabilities in pyramidal cell-interneuron spike cross-correlations that indicate monosynaptic connections. Here we investigated the activity-dependent modification of these connections during exploratory behavior in rats by optogenetically inhibiting pyramidal cell and interneuron subpopulations. Light application and associated firing alteration of pyramidal and interneuron populations led to lasting changes in pyramidal-interneuron connection weights as indicated by spike transmission changes. Spike transmission alterations were predicted by the light-mediated changes in the number of pre- and postsynaptic spike pairing events and by firing rate changes of interneurons but not pyramidal cells. This work demonstrates the presence of activity-dependent associative and non-associative reorganization of pyramidal-interneuron connections triggered by the optogenetic modification of the firing rate and spike synchrony of cells.}, author = {Gridchyn, Igor and Schönenberger, Philipp and O'Neill, Joseph and Csicsvari, Jozsef L}, issn = {2050084X}, journal = {eLife}, publisher = {eLife Sciences Publications}, title = {{Optogenetic inhibition-mediated activity-dependent modification of CA1 pyramidal-interneuron connections during behavior}}, doi = {10.7554/eLife.61106}, volume = {9}, year = {2020}, } @article{8741, abstract = {In ecology, climate and other fields, (sub)systems have been identified that can transition into a qualitatively different state when a critical threshold or tipping point in a driving process is crossed. An understanding of those tipping elements is of great interest given the increasing influence of humans on the biophysical Earth system. Complex interactions exist between tipping elements, e.g. physical mechanisms connect subsystems of the climate system. Based on earlier work on such coupled nonlinear systems, we systematically assessed the qualitative long-term behaviour of interacting tipping elements. We developed an understanding of the consequences of interactions on the tipping behaviour allowing for tipping cascades to emerge under certain conditions. The (narrative) application of these qualitative results to real-world examples of interacting tipping elements indicates that tipping cascades with profound consequences may occur: the interacting Greenland ice sheet and thermohaline ocean circulation might tip before the tipping points of the isolated subsystems are crossed. The eutrophication of the first lake in a lake chain might propagate through the following lakes without a crossing of their individual critical nutrient input levels. The possibility of emerging cascading tipping dynamics calls for the development of a unified theory of interacting tipping elements and the quantitative analysis of interacting real-world tipping elements.}, author = {Klose, Ann Kristin and Karle, Volker and Winkelmann, Ricarda and Donges, Jonathan F.}, issn = {20545703}, journal = {Royal Society Open Science}, number = {6}, publisher = {The Royal Society}, title = {{Emergence of cascading dynamics in interacting tipping elements of ecology and climate: Cascading dynamics in tipping elements}}, doi = {10.1098/rsos.200599}, volume = {7}, year = {2020}, } @article{8744, abstract = {Understanding the conformational sampling of translation-arrested ribosome nascent chain complexes is key to understand co-translational folding. Up to now, coupling of cysteine oxidation, disulfide bond formation and structure formation in nascent chains has remained elusive. Here, we investigate the eye-lens protein γB-crystallin in the ribosomal exit tunnel. Using mass spectrometry, theoretical simulations, dynamic nuclear polarization-enhanced solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and cryo-electron microscopy, we show that thiol groups of cysteine residues undergo S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation and form non-native disulfide bonds. Thus, covalent modification chemistry occurs already prior to nascent chain release as the ribosome exit tunnel provides sufficient space even for disulfide bond formation which can guide protein folding.}, author = {Schulte, Linda and Mao, Jiafei and Reitz, Julian and Sreeramulu, Sridhar and Kudlinzki, Denis and Hodirnau, Victor-Valentin and Meier-Credo, Jakob and Saxena, Krishna and Buhr, Florian and Langer, Julian D. and Blackledge, Martin and Frangakis, Achilleas S. and Glaubitz, Clemens and Schwalbe, Harald}, issn = {2041-1723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, keywords = {General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Cysteine oxidation and disulfide formation in the ribosomal exit tunnel}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-19372-x}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, } @article{8746, abstract = {Research in the field of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) has progressed tremendously, mostly because of their exceptional optoelectronic properties. Core@shell NCs, in which one or more inorganic layers overcoat individual NCs, recently received significant attention due to their remarkable optical characteristics. Reduced Auger recombination, suppressed blinking, and enhanced carrier multiplication are among the merits of core@shell NCs. Despite their importance in device development, the influence of the shell and the surface modification of the core@shell NC assemblies on the charge carrier transport remains a pertinent research objective. Type-II PbTe@PbS core@shell NCs, in which exclusive electron transport was demonstrated, still exhibit instability of their electron ransport. Here, we demonstrate the enhancement of electron transport and stability in PbTe@PbS core@shell NC assemblies using iodide as a surface passivating ligand. The combination of the PbS shelling and the use of the iodide ligand contributes to the addition of one mobile electron for each core@shell NC. Furthermore, both electron mobility and on/off current modulation ratio values of the core@shell NC field-effect transistor are steady with the usage of iodide. Excellent stability in these exclusively electron-transporting core@shell NCs paves the way for their utilization in electronic devices. }, author = {Miranti, Retno and Septianto, Ricky Dwi and Ibáñez, Maria and Kovalenko, Maksym V. and Matsushita, Nobuhiro and Iwasa, Yoshihiro and Bisri, Satria Zulkarnaen}, issn = {1077-3118}, journal = {Applied Physics Letters}, number = {17}, publisher = {AIP Publishing}, title = {{Electron transport in iodide-capped core@shell PbTe@PbS colloidal nanocrystal solids}}, doi = {10.1063/5.0025965}, volume = {117}, year = {2020}, } @inproceedings{8750, abstract = {Efficiently handling time-triggered and possibly nondeterministic switches for hybrid systems reachability is a challenging task. In this paper we present an approach based on conservative set-based enclosure of the dynamics that can handle systems with uncertain parameters and inputs, where the uncertainties are bound to given intervals. The method is evaluated on the plant model of an experimental electro-mechanical braking system with periodic controller. In this model, the fast-switching controller dynamics requires simulation time scales of the order of nanoseconds. Accurate set-based computations for relatively large time horizons are known to be expensive. However, by appropriately decoupling the time variable with respect to the spatial variables, and enclosing the uncertain parameters using interval matrix maps acting on zonotopes, we show that the computation time can be lowered to 5000 times faster with respect to previous works. This is a step forward in formal verification of hybrid systems because reduced run-times allow engineers to introduce more expressiveness in their models with a relatively inexpensive computational cost.}, author = {Forets, Marcelo and Freire, Daniel and Schilling, Christian}, booktitle = {18th ACM-IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for System Design}, isbn = {9781728191485}, location = {Virtual Conference}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {{Efficient reachability analysis of parametric linear hybrid systems with time-triggered transitions}}, doi = {10.1109/MEMOCODE51338.2020.9314994}, year = {2020}, } @article{8755, abstract = {The superconducting circuit community has recently discovered the promising potential of superinductors. These circuit elements have a characteristic impedance exceeding the resistance quantum RQ ≈ 6.45 kΩ which leads to a suppression of ground state charge fluctuations. Applications include the realization of hardware protected qubits for fault tolerant quantum computing, improved coupling to small dipole moment objects and defining a new quantum metrology standard for the ampere. In this work we refute the widespread notion that superinductors can only be implemented based on kinetic inductance, i.e. using disordered superconductors or Josephson junction arrays. We present modeling, fabrication and characterization of 104 planar aluminum coil resonators with a characteristic impedance up to 30.9 kΩ at 5.6 GHz and a capacitance down to ≤ 1 fF, with lowloss and a power handling reaching 108 intra-cavity photons. Geometric superinductors are free of uncontrolled tunneling events and offer high reproducibility, linearity and the ability to couple magnetically - properties that significantly broaden the scope of future quantum circuits. }, author = {Peruzzo, Matilda and Trioni, Andrea and Hassani, Farid and Zemlicka, Martin and Fink, Johannes M}, issn = {23317019}, journal = {Physical Review Applied}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Surpassing the resistance quantum with a geometric superinductor}}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.044055}, volume = {14}, year = {2020}, } @article{8758, abstract = {We consider various modeling levels for spatially homogeneous chemical reaction systems, namely the chemical master equation, the chemical Langevin dynamics, and the reaction-rate equation. Throughout we restrict our study to the case where the microscopic system satisfies the detailed-balance condition. The latter allows us to enrich the systems with a gradient structure, i.e. the evolution is given by a gradient-flow equation. We present the arising links between the associated gradient structures that are driven by the relative entropy of the detailed-balance steady state. The limit of large volumes is studied in the sense of evolutionary Γ-convergence of gradient flows. Moreover, we use the gradient structures to derive hybrid models for coupling different modeling levels.}, author = {Maas, Jan and Mielke, Alexander}, issn = {15729613}, journal = {Journal of Statistical Physics}, number = {6}, pages = {2257--2303}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Modeling of chemical reaction systems with detailed balance using gradient structures}}, doi = {10.1007/s10955-020-02663-4}, volume = {181}, year = {2020}, } @misc{8761, author = {Guseinov, Ruslan}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Supplementary data for "Computational design of cold bent glass façades"}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:8761}, year = {2020}, } @article{8765, abstract = {This paper introduces a simple method for simulating highly anisotropic elastoplastic material behaviors like the dissolution of fibrous phenomena (splintering wood, shredding bales of hay) and materials composed of large numbers of irregularly‐shaped bodies (piles of twigs, pencils, or cards). We introduce a simple transformation of the anisotropic problem into an equivalent isotropic one, and we solve this new “fictitious” isotropic problem using an existing simulator based on the material point method. Our approach results in minimal changes to existing simulators, and it allows us to re‐use popular isotropic plasticity models like the Drucker‐Prager yield criterion instead of inventing new anisotropic plasticity models for every phenomenon we wish to simulate.}, author = {Schreck, Camille and Wojtan, Christopher J}, issn = {1467-8659}, journal = {Computer Graphics Forum}, keywords = {Computer Networks and Communications}, number = {2}, pages = {89--99}, publisher = {Wiley}, title = {{A practical method for animating anisotropic elastoplastic materials}}, doi = {10.1111/cgf.13914}, volume = {39}, year = {2020}, } @article{8767, abstract = {Resources are rarely distributed uniformly within a population. Heterogeneity in the concentration of a drug, the quality of breeding sites, or wealth can all affect evolutionary dynamics. In this study, we represent a collection of properties affecting the fitness at a given location using a color. A green node is rich in resources while a red node is poorer. More colors can represent a broader spectrum of resource qualities. For a population evolving according to the birth-death Moran model, the first question we address is which structures, identified by graph connectivity and graph coloring, are evolutionarily equivalent. We prove that all properly two-colored, undirected, regular graphs are evolutionarily equivalent (where “properly colored” means that no two neighbors have the same color). We then compare the effects of background heterogeneity on properly two-colored graphs to those with alternative schemes in which the colors are permuted. Finally, we discuss dynamic coloring as a model for spatiotemporal resource fluctuations, and we illustrate that random dynamic colorings often diminish the effects of background heterogeneity relative to a proper two-coloring.}, author = {Kaveh, Kamran and McAvoy, Alex and Chatterjee, Krishnendu and Nowak, Martin A.}, issn = {1553-7358}, journal = {PLOS Computational Biology}, keywords = {Ecology, Modelling and Simulation, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Genetics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Molecular Biology, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience}, number = {11}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, title = {{The Moran process on 2-chromatic graphs}}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008402}, volume = {16}, year = {2020}, } @article{8769, abstract = {One of the hallmarks of quantum statistics, tightly entwined with the concept of topological phases of matter, is the prediction of anyons. Although anyons are predicted to be realized in certain fractional quantum Hall systems, they have not yet been unambiguously detected in experiment. Here we introduce a simple quantum impurity model, where bosonic or fermionic impurities turn into anyons as a consequence of their interaction with the surrounding many-particle bath. A cloud of phonons dresses each impurity in such a way that it effectively attaches fluxes or vortices to it and thereby converts it into an Abelian anyon. The corresponding quantum impurity model, first, provides a different approach to the numerical solution of the many-anyon problem, along with a concrete perspective of anyons as emergent quasiparticles built from composite bosons or fermions. More importantly, the model paves the way toward realizing anyons using impurities in crystal lattices as well as ultracold gases. In particular, we consider two heavy electrons interacting with a two-dimensional lattice crystal in a magnetic field, and show that when the impurity-bath system is rotated at the cyclotron frequency, impurities behave as anyons as a consequence of the angular momentum exchange between the impurities and the bath. A possible experimental realization is proposed by identifying the statistics parameter in terms of the mean-square distance of the impurities and the magnetization of the impurity-bath system, both of which are accessible to experiment. Another proposed application is impurities immersed in a two-dimensional weakly interacting Bose gas.}, author = {Yakaboylu, Enderalp and Ghazaryan, Areg and Lundholm, D. and Rougerie, N. and Lemeshko, Mikhail and Seiringer, Robert}, issn = {2469-9969}, journal = {Physical Review B}, number = {14}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, title = {{Quantum impurity model for anyons}}, doi = {10.1103/physrevb.102.144109}, volume = {102}, year = {2020}, } @article{8787, abstract = {Breakdown of vascular barriers is a major complication of inflammatory diseases. Anucleate platelets form blood-clots during thrombosis, but also play a crucial role in inflammation. While spatio-temporal dynamics of clot formation are well characterized, the cell-biological mechanisms of platelet recruitment to inflammatory micro-environments remain incompletely understood. Here we identify Arp2/3-dependent lamellipodia formation as a prominent morphological feature of immune-responsive platelets. Platelets use lamellipodia to scan for fibrin(ogen) deposited on the inflamed vasculature and to directionally spread, to polarize and to govern haptotactic migration along gradients of the adhesive ligand. Platelet-specific abrogation of Arp2/3 interferes with haptotactic repositioning of platelets to microlesions, thus impairing vascular sealing and provoking inflammatory microbleeding. During infection, haptotaxis promotes capture of bacteria and prevents hematogenic dissemination, rendering platelets gate-keepers of the inflamed microvasculature. Consequently, these findings identify haptotaxis as a key effector function of immune-responsive platelets.}, author = {Nicolai, Leo and Schiefelbein, Karin and Lipsky, Silvia and Leunig, Alexander and Hoffknecht, Marie and Pekayvaz, Kami and Raude, Ben and Marx, Charlotte and Ehrlich, Andreas and Pircher, Joachim and Zhang, Zhe and Saleh, Inas and Marel, Anna-Kristina and Löf, Achim and Petzold, Tobias and Lorenz, Michael and Stark, Konstantin and Pick, Robert and Rosenberger, Gerhild and Weckbach, Ludwig and Uhl, Bernd and Xia, Sheng and Reichel, Christoph Andreas and Walzog, Barbara and Schulz, Christian and Zheden, Vanessa and Bender, Markus and Li, Rong and Massberg, Steffen and Gärtner, Florian R}, issn = {20411723}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, title = {{Vascular surveillance by haptotactic blood platelets in inflammation and infection}}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-19515-0}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, } @article{8789, abstract = {Cooperation is a ubiquitous and beneficial behavioural trait despite being prone to exploitation by free-riders. Hence, cooperative populations are prone to invasions by selfish individuals. However, a population consisting of only free-riders typically does not survive. Thus, cooperators and free-riders often coexist in some proportion. An evolutionary version of a Snowdrift Game proved its efficiency in analysing this phenomenon. However, what if the system has already reached its stable state but was perturbed due to a change in environmental conditions? Then, individuals may have to re-learn their effective strategies. To address this, we consider behavioural mistakes in strategic choice execution, which we refer to as incompetence. Parametrising the propensity to make such mistakes allows for a mathematical description of learning. We compare strategies based on their relative strategic advantage relying on both fitness and learning factors. When strategies are learned at distinct rates, allowing learning according to a prescribed order is optimal. Interestingly, the strategy with the lowest strategic advantage should be learnt first if we are to optimise fitness over the learning path. Then, the differences between strategies are balanced out in order to minimise the effect of behavioural uncertainty.}, author = {Kleshnina, Maria and Streipert, Sabrina and Filar, Jerzy and Chatterjee, Krishnendu}, issn = {22277390}, journal = {Mathematics}, number = {11}, publisher = {MDPI}, title = {{Prioritised learning in snowdrift-type games}}, doi = {10.3390/math8111945}, volume = {8}, year = {2020}, } @article{8790, abstract = {Reachability analysis aims at identifying states reachable by a system within a given time horizon. This task is known to be computationally expensive for linear hybrid systems. Reachability analysis works by iteratively applying continuous and discrete post operators to compute states reachable according to continuous and discrete dynamics, respectively. In this article, we enhance both of these operators and make sure that most of the involved computations are performed in low-dimensional state space. In particular, we improve the continuous-post operator by performing computations in high-dimensional state space only for time intervals relevant for the subsequent application of the discrete-post operator. Furthermore, the new discrete-post operator performs low-dimensional computations by leveraging the structure of the guard and assignment of a considered transition. We illustrate the potential of our approach on a number of challenging benchmarks.}, author = {Bogomolov, Sergiy and Forets, Marcelo and Frehse, Goran and Potomkin, Kostiantyn and Schilling, Christian}, issn = {19374151}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems}, number = {11}, pages = {4018--4029}, publisher = {IEEE}, title = {{Reachability analysis of linear hybrid systems via block decomposition}}, doi = {10.1109/TCAD.2020.3012859}, volume = {39}, year = {2020}, } @misc{8809, abstract = {When divergent populations are connected by gene flow, the establishment of complete reproductive isolation usually requires the joint action of multiple barrier effects. One example where multiple barrier effects are coupled consists of a single trait that is under divergent natural selection and also mediates assortative mating. Such multiple-effect traits can strongly reduce gene flow. However, there are few cases where patterns of assortative mating have been described quantitatively and their impact on gene flow has been determined. Two ecotypes of the coastal marine snail, Littorina saxatilis, occur in North Atlantic rocky-shore habitats dominated by either crab predation or wave action. There is evidence for divergent natural selection acting on size, and size-assortative mating has previously been documented. Here, we analyze the mating pattern in L. saxatilis with respect to size in intensively-sampled transects across boundaries between the habitats. We show that the mating pattern is mostly conserved between ecotypes and that it generates both assortment and directional sexual selection for small male size. Using simulations, we show that the mating pattern can contribute to reproductive isolation between ecotypes but the barrier to gene flow is likely strengthened more by sexual selection than by assortment.}, author = {Perini, Samuel and Rafajlovic, Marina and Westram, Anja M and Johannesson, Kerstin and Butlin, Roger}, publisher = {Dryad}, title = {{Data from: Assortative mating, sexual selection and their consequences for gene flow in Littorina}}, doi = {10.5061/dryad.qrfj6q5cn}, year = {2020}, } @unpublished{8813, abstract = {In mammals, chromatin marks at imprinted genes are asymmetrically inherited to control parentally-biased gene expression. This control is thought predominantly to involve parent-specific differentially methylated regions (DMR) in genomic DNA. However, neither parent-of-origin-specific transcription nor DMRs have been comprehensively mapped. We here address this by integrating transcriptomic and epigenomic approaches in mouse preimplantation embryos (blastocysts). Transcriptome-analysis identified 71 genes expressed with previously unknown parent-of-origin-specific expression in blastocysts (nBiX: novel blastocyst-imprinted expression). Uniparental expression of nBiX genes disappeared soon after implantation. Micro-whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (μWGBS) of individual uniparental blastocysts detected 859 DMRs. Only 18% of nBiXs were associated with a DMR, whereas 60% were associated with parentally-biased H3K27me3. This suggests a major role for Polycomb-mediated imprinting in blastocysts. Five nBiX-clusters contained at least one known imprinted gene, and five novel clusters contained exclusively nBiX-genes. These data suggest a complex program of stage-specific imprinting involving different tiers of regulation.}, author = {Santini, Laura and Halbritter, Florian and Titz-Teixeira, Fabian and Suzuki, Toru and Asami, Maki and Ramesmayer, Julia and Ma, Xiaoyan and Lackner, Andreas and Warr, Nick and Pauler, Florian and Hippenmeyer, Simon and Laue, Ernest and Farlik, Matthias and Bock, Christoph and Beyer, Andreas and Perry, Anthony C. F. and Leeb, Martin}, booktitle = {bioRxiv}, publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory}, title = {{Novel imprints in mouse blastocysts are predominantly DNA methylation independent}}, doi = {10.1101/2020.11.03.366948}, year = {2020}, } @phdthesis{8822, abstract = {Self-organization is a hallmark of plant development manifested e.g. by intricate leaf vein patterns, flexible formation of vasculature during organogenesis or its regeneration following wounding. Spontaneously arising channels transporting the phytohormone auxin, created by coordinated polar localizations of PIN-FORMED 1 (PIN1) auxin exporter, provide positional cues for these as well as other plant patterning processes. To find regulators acting downstream of auxin and the TIR1/AFB auxin signaling pathway essential for PIN1 coordinated polarization during auxin canalization, we performed microarray experiments. Besides the known components of general PIN polarity maintenance, such as PID and PIP5K kinases, we identified and characterized a new regulator of auxin canalization, the transcription factor WRKY DNA-BINDING PROTEIN 23 (WRKY23). Next, we designed a subsequent microarray experiment to further uncover other molecular players, downstream of auxin-TIR1/AFB-WRKY23 involved in the regulation of auxin-mediated PIN repolarization. We identified a novel and crucial part of the molecular machinery underlying auxin canalization. The auxin-regulated malectin-type receptor-like kinase CAMEL and the associated leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase CANAR target and directly phosphorylate PIN auxin transporters. camel and canar mutants are impaired in PIN1 subcellular trafficking and auxin-mediated repolarization leading to defects in auxin transport, ultimately to leaf venation and vasculature regeneration defects. Our results describe the CAMEL-CANAR receptor complex, which is required for auxin feed-back on its own transport and thus for coordinated tissue polarization during auxin canalization.}, author = {Hajny, Jakub}, issn = {2663-337X}, pages = {249}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Identification and characterization of the molecular machinery of auxin-dependent canalization during vasculature formation and regeneration}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:8822}, year = {2020}, } @unpublished{8831, abstract = {Holes in planar Ge have high mobilities, strong spin-orbit interaction and electrically tunable g-factors, and are therefore emerging as a promising candidate for hybrid superconductorsemiconductor devices. This is further motivated by the observation of supercurrent transport in planar Ge Josephson Field effect transistors (JoFETs). A key challenge towards hybrid germanium quantum technology is the design of high quality interfaces and superconducting contacts that are robust against magnetic fields. By combining the assets of Al, which has a long superconducting coherence, and Nb, which has a significant superconducting gap, we form low-disordered JoFETs with large ICRN products that are capable of withstanding high magnetic fields. We furthermore demonstrate the ability of phase-biasing individual JoFETs opening up an avenue to explore topological superconductivity in planar Ge. The persistence of superconductivity in the reported hybrid devices beyond 1.8 T paves the way towards integrating spin qubits and proximity-induced superconductivity on the same chip.}, author = {Aggarwal, Kushagra and Hofmann, Andrea C and Jirovec, Daniel and Prieto Gonzalez, Ivan and Sammak, Amir and Botifoll, Marc and Marti-Sanchez, Sara and Veldhorst, Menno and Arbiol, Jordi and Scappucci, Giordano and Katsaros, Georgios}, booktitle = {arXiv}, title = {{Enhancement of proximity induced superconductivity in planar Germanium}}, year = {2020}, } @misc{8834, abstract = {This data collection contains the transport data for figures presented in the supplementary material of "Enhancement of Proximity Induced Superconductivity in Planar Germanium" by K. Aggarwal, et. al. The measurements were done using Labber Software and the data is stored in the hdf5 file format. The files can be opened using either the Labber Log Browser (https://labber.org/overview/) or Labber Python API (http://labber.org/online-doc/api/LogFile.html). }, author = {Katsaros, Georgios}, publisher = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria}, title = {{Enhancement of proximity induced superconductivity in planar Germanium}}, doi = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:8834}, year = {2020}, }