---
_id: '11521'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'The cosmic ionizing emissivity from star-forming galaxies has long been anchored
    to UV luminosity functions. Here, we introduce an emissivity framework based on
    Lyα emitters (LAEs), which naturally hones in on the subset of galaxies responsible
    for the ionizing background due to the intimate connection between production
    and escape of Lyα and LyC photons. Using constraints on the escape fractions of
    bright LAEs (LLyα > 0.2L*) at z ≈ 2 obtained from resolved Lyα profiles, and arguing
    for their redshift-invariance, we show that: (i) quasars and LAEs together reproduce
    the relatively flat emissivity at z ≈ 2–6, which is non-trivial given the strong
    evolution in both the star formation density and quasar number density at these
    epochs and (ii) LAEs produce late and rapid reionization between z ≈ 6−9 under
    plausible assumptions. Within this framework, the >10 × rise in the UV population-averaged
    fesc between z ≈ 3–7 naturally arises due to the same phenomena that drive the
    growing LAE fraction with redshift. Generally, a LAE dominated emissivity yields
    a peak in the distribution of the ionizing budget with UV luminosity as reported
    in latest simulations. Using our adopted parameters (⁠fesc=50 per cent⁠, ξion
    = 1025.9 Hz erg−1 for half the bright LAEs), a highly ionizing minority of galaxies
    with MUV < −17 accounts for the entire ionizing budget from star-forming galaxies.
    Rapid flashes of LyC from such rare galaxies produce a ‘disco’ ionizing background.
    We conclude proposing tests to further develop our suggested Lyα-anchored formalism.'
acknowledgement: We thank an anonymous referee for an encouraging and constructive
  report that helped improving the quality of this work. We acknowledge illuminating
  conversations with Xiaohan Wu, Chris Cain, Anna-Christina Eilers, Simon Lilly and
  Ruari Mackenzie. RPN gratefully acknowledges an Ashford Fellowship granted by Harvard
  University. MG was supported by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51409.
  PO acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation through the SNSF
  Professorship grant 190079. GP acknowledges support from the Netherlands Research
  School for Astronomy (NOVA). MH is fellow of the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation.
  DE is supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) through Astronomy &
  Astrophysics grant AST-1909198. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish
  National Research Foundation under grant No. 140. RA acknowledges support from Fondecyt
  Regular Grant 1202007. ST is supported by the 2021 Research Fund 1.210134.01 of
  UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology). MLl acknowledges support
  from the ANID/Scholarship Program/Doctorado Nacional/2019-21191036. JC acknowledges
  support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, project PID2019-107408GB-C43
  (ESTALLIDOS) and from Gobierno de Canarias through EU FEDER funding, project PID2020010050.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Jorryt J
  full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
  id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
  last_name: Matthee
  orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Rohan P.
  full_name: Naidu, Rohan P.
  last_name: Naidu
- first_name: Gabriele
  full_name: Pezzulli, Gabriele
  last_name: Pezzulli
- first_name: Max
  full_name: Gronke, Max
  last_name: Gronke
- first_name: David
  full_name: Sobral, David
  last_name: Sobral
- first_name: Pascal A.
  full_name: Oesch, Pascal A.
  last_name: Oesch
- first_name: Matthew
  full_name: Hayes, Matthew
  last_name: Hayes
- first_name: Dawn
  full_name: Erb, Dawn
  last_name: Erb
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Schaerer, Daniel
  last_name: Schaerer
- first_name: Ricardo
  full_name: Amorín, Ricardo
  last_name: Amorín
- first_name: Sandro
  full_name: Tacchella, Sandro
  last_name: Tacchella
- first_name: Ana Paulino-Afonso
  full_name: Ana Paulino-Afonso, Ana Paulino-Afonso
  last_name: Ana Paulino-Afonso
- first_name: Mario
  full_name: Llerena, Mario
  last_name: Llerena
- first_name: João
  full_name: Calhau, João
  last_name: Calhau
- first_name: Huub
  full_name: Röttgering, Huub
  last_name: Röttgering
citation:
  ama: 'Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Pezzulli G, et al. (Re)Solving reionization with Lyα:
    How bright Lyα emitters account for the z ≈ 2 − 8 cosmic ionizing background.
    <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2022;512(4):5960-5977.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac801">10.1093/mnras/stac801</a>'
  apa: 'Matthee, J. J., Naidu, R. P., Pezzulli, G., Gronke, M., Sobral, D., Oesch,
    P. A., … Röttgering, H. (2022). (Re)Solving reionization with Lyα: How bright
    Lyα emitters account for the z ≈ 2 − 8 cosmic ionizing background. <i>Monthly
    Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac801">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac801</a>'
  chicago: 'Matthee, Jorryt J, Rohan P. Naidu, Gabriele Pezzulli, Max Gronke, David
    Sobral, Pascal A. Oesch, Matthew Hayes, et al. “(Re)Solving Reionization with
    Lyα: How Bright Lyα Emitters Account for the z ≈ 2 − 8 Cosmic Ionizing Background.”
    <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press,
    2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac801">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac801</a>.'
  ieee: 'J. J. Matthee <i>et al.</i>, “(Re)Solving reionization with Lyα: How bright
    Lyα emitters account for the z ≈ 2 − 8 cosmic ionizing background,” <i>Monthly
    Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 512, no. 4. Oxford University
    Press, pp. 5960–5977, 2022.'
  ista: 'Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Pezzulli G, Gronke M, Sobral D, Oesch PA, Hayes M,
    Erb D, Schaerer D, Amorín R, Tacchella S, Ana Paulino-Afonso AP-A, Llerena M,
    Calhau J, Röttgering H. 2022. (Re)Solving reionization with Lyα: How bright Lyα
    emitters account for the z ≈ 2 − 8 cosmic ionizing background. Monthly Notices
    of the Royal Astronomical Society. 512(4), 5960–5977.'
  mla: 'Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “(Re)Solving Reionization with Lyα: How Bright
    Lyα Emitters Account for the z ≈ 2 − 8 Cosmic Ionizing Background.” <i>Monthly
    Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 512, no. 4, Oxford University
    Press, 2022, pp. 5960–77, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac801">10.1093/mnras/stac801</a>.'
  short: J.J. Matthee, R.P. Naidu, G. Pezzulli, M. Gronke, D. Sobral, P.A. Oesch,
    M. Hayes, D. Erb, D. Schaerer, R. Amorín, S. Tacchella, A.P.-A. Ana Paulino-Afonso,
    M. Llerena, J. Calhau, H. Röttgering, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
    Society 512 (2022) 5960–5977.
date_created: 2022-07-07T09:21:30Z
date_published: 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-18T10:42:47Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/stac801
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2110.11967'
intvolume: '       512'
issue: '4'
keyword:
- 'galaxies: high-redshift'
- intergalactic medium
- 'cosmology: observations'
- dark ages
- reionization
- first stars
- 'ultraviolet: galaxies'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.11967
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 5960-5977
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1365-2966
  issn:
  - 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: '(Re)Solving reionization with Lyα: How bright Lyα emitters account for the
  z ≈ 2 − 8 cosmic ionizing background'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 512
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '11498'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) emission lines probe electron densities, gas-phase
    abundances, metallicities, and ionization parameters of the emitting star-forming
    galaxies and their environments. The strongest main UV emission line, Lyα, has
    been instrumental in advancing the general knowledge of galaxy formation in the
    early universe. However, observing Lyα emission becomes increasingly challenging
    at z ≳ 6 when the neutral hydrogen fraction of the circumgalactic and intergalactic
    media increases. Secondary weaker UV emission lines provide important alternative
    methods for studying galaxy properties at high redshift. We present a large sample
    of rest-frame UV emission line sources at intermediate redshift for calibrating
    and exploring the connection between secondary UV lines and the emitting galaxies’
    physical properties and their Lyα emission. The sample of 2052 emission line sources
    with 1.5 < z < 6.4 was collected from integral field data from the MUSE-Wide and
    MUSE-Deep surveys taken as part of Guaranteed Time Observations. The objects were
    selected through untargeted source detection (i.e., no preselection of sources
    as in dedicated spectroscopic campaigns) in the three-dimensional MUSE data cubes.
    We searched optimally extracted one-dimensional spectra of the full sample for
    UV emission features via emission line template matching, resulting in a sample
    of more than 100 rest-frame UV emission line detections. We show that the detection
    efficiency of (non-Lyα) UV emission lines increases with survey depth, and that
    the emission line strength of He IIλ1640 Å, [O III] λ1661 + O III] λ1666, and
    [Si III] λ1883 + Si III] λ1892 correlate with the strength of [C III] λ1907 +
    C III] λ1909. The rest-frame equivalent width (EW0) of [C III] λ1907 + C III]
    λ1909 is found to be roughly 0.22 ± 0.18 of EW0(Lyα). We measured the velocity
    offsets of resonant emission lines with respect to systemic tracers. For C IVλ1548
    + C IVλ1551 we find that ΔvC IV ≲ 250 km s−1, whereas ΔvLyα falls in the range
    of 250−500 km s−1 which is in agreement with previous results from the literature.
    The electron density ne measured from [Si III] λ1883 + Si III] λ1892 and [C III]
    λ1907 + C III] λ1909 line flux ratios is generally < 105 cm−3 and the gas-phase
    abundance is below solar at 12 + log10(O/H)≈8. Lastly, we used “PhotoIonization
    Model Probability Density Functions” to infer physical parameters of the full
    sample and individual systems based on photoionization model parameter grids and
    observational constraints from our UV emission line searches. This reveals that
    the UV line emitters generally have ionization parameter log10(U) ≈ −2.5 and metal
    mass fractions that scatter around Z ≈ 10−2, that is Z ≈ 0.66 Z⊙. Value-added
    catalogs of the full sample of MUSE objects studied in this work and a collection
    of UV line emitters from the literature are provided with this paper.
acknowledgement: 'We would like to thank Charlotte Mason for useful discussions and
  for providing the data for the curves shown in Fig. 13 and Dawn Erb for providing
  the observational data for the comparison sample studied by Steidel et al. (2014),
  also shown in Fig. 13. This work has been supported by the BMBF grant 05A14BAC and
  we acknowledge support by the Competitive Fund of the Leibniz Association through
  grant SAW-2015-AIP-2. AF acknowledges the support from grant PRIN MIUR2017-20173ML3WW_001.
  JS acknowledges the support from Vici grant 639.043.409 from the Dutch Research
  Council (NWO). GM received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
  and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No MARACAS
  – DLV-896778. This paper is based on observations collected at the European Organisation
  for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO programmes 094.A-0289(B),
  095.A-0010(A), 096.A-0045(A), 096.A-0045(B), 094.A-0205, 095.A-0240, 096.A-0090,
  097.A-0160, and 098.A-0017. This paper also makes use of observations made with
  the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope obtained at STScI. This research made use of
  the following programs and open-source packages for Python and we are thankful to
  their developers: DS9 (Joye & Mandel 2003), Astropy (Astropy Collaboration 2013,
  2018), APLpy (Robitaille & Bressert 2012), iPython (Pérez & Granger 2007), numpy
  (van der Walt et al. 2011), matplotlib (Hunter 2007), and SciPy (Jones et al. 2001).'
article_number: A80
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: K. B.
  full_name: Schmidt, K. B.
  last_name: Schmidt
- first_name: J.
  full_name: Kerutt, J.
  last_name: Kerutt
- first_name: L.
  full_name: Wisotzki, L.
  last_name: Wisotzki
- first_name: T.
  full_name: Urrutia, T.
  last_name: Urrutia
- first_name: A.
  full_name: Feltre, A.
  last_name: Feltre
- first_name: M. V.
  full_name: Maseda, M. V.
  last_name: Maseda
- first_name: T.
  full_name: Nanayakkara, T.
  last_name: Nanayakkara
- first_name: R.
  full_name: Bacon, R.
  last_name: Bacon
- first_name: L. A.
  full_name: Boogaard, L. A.
  last_name: Boogaard
- first_name: S.
  full_name: Conseil, S.
  last_name: Conseil
- first_name: T.
  full_name: Contini, T.
  last_name: Contini
- first_name: E. C.
  full_name: Herenz, E. C.
  last_name: Herenz
- first_name: W.
  full_name: Kollatschny, W.
  last_name: Kollatschny
- first_name: M.
  full_name: Krumpe, M.
  last_name: Krumpe
- first_name: F.
  full_name: Leclercq, F.
  last_name: Leclercq
- first_name: G.
  full_name: Mahler, G.
  last_name: Mahler
- first_name: Jorryt J
  full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
  id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
  last_name: Matthee
  orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: V.
  full_name: Mauerhofer, V.
  last_name: Mauerhofer
- first_name: J.
  full_name: Richard, J.
  last_name: Richard
- first_name: J.
  full_name: Schaye, J.
  last_name: Schaye
citation:
  ama: Schmidt KB, Kerutt J, Wisotzki L, et al. Recovery and analysis of rest-frame
    UV emission lines in 2052 galaxies observed with MUSE at 1.5 &#60; z &#60; 6.4.
    <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>. 2021;654. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140876">10.1051/0004-6361/202140876</a>
  apa: Schmidt, K. B., Kerutt, J., Wisotzki, L., Urrutia, T., Feltre, A., Maseda,
    M. V., … Schaye, J. (2021). Recovery and analysis of rest-frame UV emission lines
    in 2052 galaxies observed with MUSE at 1.5 &#60; z &#60; 6.4. <i>Astronomy &#38;
    Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140876">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140876</a>
  chicago: Schmidt, K. B., J. Kerutt, L. Wisotzki, T. Urrutia, A. Feltre, M. V. Maseda,
    T. Nanayakkara, et al. “Recovery and Analysis of Rest-Frame UV Emission Lines
    in 2052 Galaxies Observed with MUSE at 1.5 &#60; z &#60; 6.4.” <i>Astronomy &#38;
    Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140876">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140876</a>.
  ieee: K. B. Schmidt <i>et al.</i>, “Recovery and analysis of rest-frame UV emission
    lines in 2052 galaxies observed with MUSE at 1.5 &#60; z &#60; 6.4,” <i>Astronomy
    &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 654. EDP Sciences, 2021.
  ista: Schmidt KB, Kerutt J, Wisotzki L, Urrutia T, Feltre A, Maseda MV, Nanayakkara
    T, Bacon R, Boogaard LA, Conseil S, Contini T, Herenz EC, Kollatschny W, Krumpe
    M, Leclercq F, Mahler G, Matthee JJ, Mauerhofer V, Richard J, Schaye J. 2021.
    Recovery and analysis of rest-frame UV emission lines in 2052 galaxies observed
    with MUSE at 1.5 &#60; z &#60; 6.4. Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics. 654, A80.
  mla: Schmidt, K. B., et al. “Recovery and Analysis of Rest-Frame UV Emission Lines
    in 2052 Galaxies Observed with MUSE at 1.5 &#60; z &#60; 6.4.” <i>Astronomy &#38;
    Astrophysics</i>, vol. 654, A80, EDP Sciences, 2021, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140876">10.1051/0004-6361/202140876</a>.
  short: K.B. Schmidt, J. Kerutt, L. Wisotzki, T. Urrutia, A. Feltre, M.V. Maseda,
    T. Nanayakkara, R. Bacon, L.A. Boogaard, S. Conseil, T. Contini, E.C. Herenz,
    W. Kollatschny, M. Krumpe, F. Leclercq, G. Mahler, J.J. Matthee, V. Mauerhofer,
    J. Richard, J. Schaye, Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics 654 (2021).
date_created: 2022-07-06T08:49:03Z
date_published: 2021-10-15T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-19T09:34:36Z
day: '15'
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202140876
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2108.01713'
intvolume: '       654'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'ultraviolet: galaxies / galaxies: high-redshift / galaxies: ISM / ISM: lines and
  bands / methods: observational / techniques: imaging spectroscopy'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.01713
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1432-0746
  issn:
  - 0004-6361
publication_status: published
publisher: EDP Sciences
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Recovery and analysis of rest-frame UV emission lines in 2052 galaxies observed
  with MUSE at 1.5 < z < 6.4
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 654
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '11501'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We investigated the ultraviolet (UV) spectral properties of faint Lyman-α
    emitters (LAEs) in the redshift range 2.9 ≤ z ≤ 4.6, and we provide material to
    prepare future observations of the faint Universe. We used data from the MUSE
    Hubble Ultra Deep Survey to construct mean rest-frame spectra of continuum-faint
    (median MUV of −18 and down to MUV of −16), low stellar mass (median value of
    108.4 M⊙ and down to 107 M⊙) LAEs at redshift z ≳ 3. We computed various averaged
    spectra of LAEs, subsampled on the basis of their observational (e.g., Lyα strength,
    UV magnitude and spectral slope) and physical (e.g., stellar mass and star-formation
    rate) properties. We searched for UV spectral features other than Lyα, such as
    higher ionization nebular emission lines and absorption features. We successfully
    observed the O III]λ1666 and [C III]λ1907+C III]λ1909 collisionally excited emission
    lines and the He IIλ1640 recombination feature, as well as the resonant C IVλλ1548,1551
    doublet either in emission or P-Cygni. We compared the observed spectral properties
    of the different mean spectra and find the emission lines to vary with the observational
    and physical properties of the LAEs. In particular, the mean spectra of LAEs with
    larger Lyα equivalent widths, fainter UV magnitudes, bluer UV spectral slopes,
    and lower stellar masses show the strongest nebular emission. The line ratios
    of these lines are similar to those measured in the spectra of local metal-poor
    galaxies, while their equivalent widths are weaker compared to the handful of
    extreme values detected in individual spectra of z >  2 galaxies. This suggests
    that weak UV features are likely ubiquitous in high z, low-mass, and faint LAEs.
    We publicly released the stacked spectra, as they can serve as empirical templates
    for the design of future observations, such as those with the James Webb Space
    Telescope and the Extremely Large Telescope.
acknowledgement: 'We thank Margherita Talia, Stéphane Charlot, Adele Plat and Alba
  Vidal-García for helpful discussions. This work is supported by the ERC advanced
  grant 339659-MUSICOS (R. Bacon). AF acknowledges the support from grant PRIN MIUR
  2017 20173ML3WW. MVM and JP would like to thank the Leiden/ESA Astrophysics Program
  for Summer Students (LEAPS) for funding at the outset of this project. FL, HK, and
  AV acknowledge support from the ERC starting grant ERC-757258-TRIPLE. TH was supported
  by Leading Initiative for Excellent Young Researchers, MEXT, Japan. JB acknowledges
  support by FCT/MCTES through national funds by the grant UID/FIS/04434/2019, UIDB/04434/2020
  and UIDP/04434/2020 and through the Investigador FCT Contract No. IF/01654/2014/CP1215/CT0003.
  HI acknowledges support from JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP19K23462. We would also
  like to thank the organizers and participants of the Leiden Lorentz Center workshop:
  Revolutionary Spectroscopy of Today as a Springboard to Webb. This work made use
  of several open source python packages: NUMPY (van der Walt et al. 2011), MATPLOTLIB
  (Hunter 2007), ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration 2013) and MPDAF (MUSE Python Data
  Analysis Framework, Piqueras et al. 2019).'
article_number: A118
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Anna
  full_name: Feltre, Anna
  last_name: Feltre
- first_name: Michael V.
  full_name: Maseda, Michael V.
  last_name: Maseda
- first_name: Roland
  full_name: Bacon, Roland
  last_name: Bacon
- first_name: Jayadev
  full_name: Pradeep, Jayadev
  last_name: Pradeep
- first_name: Floriane
  full_name: Leclercq, Floriane
  last_name: Leclercq
- first_name: Haruka
  full_name: Kusakabe, Haruka
  last_name: Kusakabe
- first_name: Lutz
  full_name: Wisotzki, Lutz
  last_name: Wisotzki
- first_name: Takuya
  full_name: Hashimoto, Takuya
  last_name: Hashimoto
- first_name: Kasper B.
  full_name: Schmidt, Kasper B.
  last_name: Schmidt
- first_name: Jeremy
  full_name: Blaizot, Jeremy
  last_name: Blaizot
- first_name: Jarle
  full_name: Brinchmann, Jarle
  last_name: Brinchmann
- first_name: Leindert
  full_name: Boogaard, Leindert
  last_name: Boogaard
- first_name: Sebastiano
  full_name: Cantalupo, Sebastiano
  last_name: Cantalupo
- first_name: David
  full_name: Carton, David
  last_name: Carton
- first_name: Hanae
  full_name: Inami, Hanae
  last_name: Inami
- first_name: Wolfram
  full_name: Kollatschny, Wolfram
  last_name: Kollatschny
- first_name: Raffaella A.
  full_name: Marino, Raffaella A.
  last_name: Marino
- first_name: Jorryt J
  full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
  id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
  last_name: Matthee
  orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Themiya
  full_name: Nanayakkara, Themiya
  last_name: Nanayakkara
- first_name: Johan
  full_name: Richard, Johan
  last_name: Richard
- first_name: Joop
  full_name: Schaye, Joop
  last_name: Schaye
- first_name: Laurence
  full_name: Tresse, Laurence
  last_name: Tresse
- first_name: Tanya
  full_name: Urrutia, Tanya
  last_name: Urrutia
- first_name: Anne
  full_name: Verhamme, Anne
  last_name: Verhamme
- first_name: Peter M.
  full_name: Weilbacher, Peter M.
  last_name: Weilbacher
citation:
  ama: 'Feltre A, Maseda MV, Bacon R, et al. The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey:
    XV. The mean rest-UV spectra of Lyα emitters at z &#62; 3. <i>Astronomy &#38;
    Astrophysics</i>. 2020;641. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038133">10.1051/0004-6361/202038133</a>'
  apa: 'Feltre, A., Maseda, M. V., Bacon, R., Pradeep, J., Leclercq, F., Kusakabe,
    H., … Weilbacher, P. M. (2020). The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey: XV. The
    mean rest-UV spectra of Lyα emitters at z &#62; 3. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>.
    EDP Sciences. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038133">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038133</a>'
  chicago: 'Feltre, Anna, Michael V. Maseda, Roland Bacon, Jayadev Pradeep, Floriane
    Leclercq, Haruka Kusakabe, Lutz Wisotzki, et al. “The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field
    Survey: XV. The Mean Rest-UV Spectra of Lyα Emitters at z &#62; 3.” <i>Astronomy
    &#38; Astrophysics</i>. EDP Sciences, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038133">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038133</a>.'
  ieee: 'A. Feltre <i>et al.</i>, “The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey: XV. The
    mean rest-UV spectra of Lyα emitters at z &#62; 3,” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>,
    vol. 641. EDP Sciences, 2020.'
  ista: 'Feltre A, Maseda MV, Bacon R, Pradeep J, Leclercq F, Kusakabe H, Wisotzki
    L, Hashimoto T, Schmidt KB, Blaizot J, Brinchmann J, Boogaard L, Cantalupo S,
    Carton D, Inami H, Kollatschny W, Marino RA, Matthee JJ, Nanayakkara T, Richard
    J, Schaye J, Tresse L, Urrutia T, Verhamme A, Weilbacher PM. 2020. The MUSE Hubble
    Ultra Deep Field Survey: XV. The mean rest-UV spectra of Lyα emitters at z &#62;
    3. Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics. 641, A118.'
  mla: 'Feltre, Anna, et al. “The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey: XV. The Mean
    Rest-UV Spectra of Lyα Emitters at z &#62; 3.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>,
    vol. 641, A118, EDP Sciences, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038133">10.1051/0004-6361/202038133</a>.'
  short: A. Feltre, M.V. Maseda, R. Bacon, J. Pradeep, F. Leclercq, H. Kusakabe, L.
    Wisotzki, T. Hashimoto, K.B. Schmidt, J. Blaizot, J. Brinchmann, L. Boogaard,
    S. Cantalupo, D. Carton, H. Inami, W. Kollatschny, R.A. Marino, J.J. Matthee,
    T. Nanayakkara, J. Richard, J. Schaye, L. Tresse, T. Urrutia, A. Verhamme, P.M.
    Weilbacher, Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics 641 (2020).
date_created: 2022-07-06T09:38:16Z
date_published: 2020-09-18T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-19T09:35:43Z
day: '18'
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202038133
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '2007.01878'
intvolume: '       641'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'galaxies: evolution / galaxies: high-redshift / ISM: lines and bands / ultraviolet:
  ISM / ultraviolet: galaxies'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.01878
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1432-0746
  issn:
  - 0004-6361
publication_status: published
publisher: EDP Sciences
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey: XV. The mean rest-UV spectra of Lyα
  emitters at z > 3'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 641
year: '2020'
...
