---
_id: '11505'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Contact. This paper presents the results obtained with the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic
    Explorer (MUSE) at the ESO Very Large Telescope on the faint end of the Lyman-alpha
    luminosity function (LF) based on deep observations of four lensing clusters.
    The goal of our project is to set strong constraints on the relative contribution
    of the Lyman-alpha emitter (LAE) population to cosmic reionization.\r\n\r\nAims.
    The precise aim of the present study is to further constrain the abundance of
    LAEs by taking advantage of the magnification provided by lensing clusters to
    build a blindly selected sample of galaxies which is less biased than current
    blank field samples in redshift and luminosity. By construction, this sample of
    LAEs is complementary to those built from deep blank fields, whether observed
    by MUSE or by other facilities, and makes it possible to determine the shape of
    the LF at fainter levels, as well as its evolution with redshift.\r\n\r\nMethods.
    We selected a sample of 156 LAEs with redshifts between 2.9 ≤ z ≤ 6.7 and magnification-corrected
    luminosities in the range 39 ≲ log LLyα [erg s−1] ≲43. To properly take into account
    the individual differences in detection conditions between the LAEs when computing
    the LF, including lensing configurations, and spatial and spectral morphologies,
    the non-parametric 1/Vmax method was adopted. The price to pay to benefit from
    magnification is a reduction of the effective volume of the survey, together with
    a more complex analysis procedure to properly determine the effective volume Vmax
    for each galaxy. In this paper we present a complete procedure for the determination
    of the LF based on IFU detections in lensing clusters. This procedure, including
    some new methods for masking, effective volume integration and (individual) completeness
    determinations, has been fully automated when possible, and it can be easily generalized
    to the analysis of IFU observations in blank fields.\r\n\r\nResults. As a result
    of this analysis, the Lyman-alpha LF has been obtained in four different redshift
    bins: 2.9 <  z <  6, 7, 2.9 <  z <  4.0, 4.0 <  z <  5.0, and 5.0 <  z <  6.7
    with constraints down to log LLyα = 40.5. From our data only, no significant evolution
    of LF mean slope can be found. When performing a Schechter analysis also including
    data from the literature to complete the present sample towards the brightest
    luminosities, a steep faint end slope was measured varying from α = −1.69−0.08+0.08
    to α = −1.87−0.12+0.12 between the lowest and the highest redshift bins.\r\n\r\nConclusions.
    The contribution of the LAE population to the star formation rate density at z ∼ 6
    is ≲50% depending on the luminosity limit considered, which is of the same order
    as the Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) contribution. The evolution of the LAE contribution
    with redshift depends on the assumed escape fraction of Lyman-alpha photons, and
    appears to slightly increase with increasing redshift when this fraction is conservatively
    set to one. Depending on the intersection between the LAE/LBG populations, the
    contribution of the observed galaxies to the ionizing flux may suffice to keep
    the universe ionized at z ∼ 6."
acknowledgement: We thank the anonymous referee for their critical review and useful
  suggestions. This work has been carried out thanks to the support of the OCEVU Labex
  (ANR-11-LABX-0060) and the A*MIDEX project (ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02) funded by the “Investissements
  d’Avenir” French government programme managed by the ANR. Partially funded by the
  ERC starting grant CALENDS (JR, VP, BC, JM), the Agence Nationale de la recherche
  bearing the reference ANR-13-BS05-0010-02 (FOGHAR), and the “Programme National
  de Cosmologie and Galaxies” (PNCG) of CNRS/INSU, France. GdV, RP, JR, GM, JM, BC,
  and VP also acknowledge support by the Programa de Cooperacion Cientifica – ECOS
  SUD Program C16U02. NL acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
  under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant
  agreement No 669253), ABD acknowledges support from the ERC advanced grant “Cosmic
  Gas”. LW acknowledges support by the Competitive Fund of the Leibniz Association
  through grant SAW-2015-AIP-2, and TG acknowledges support from the European Research
  Council under grant agreement ERC-stg-757258 (TRIPLE).. Based on observations made
  with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme IDs 060.A-9345,
  094.A-0115, 095.A-0181, 096.A-0710, 097.A0269, 100.A-0249, and 294.A-5032. Also
  based on observations obtained with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, retrieved
  from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science
  Institute (STScI). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research
  in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. This research made use of Astropy,
  a community-developed core Python package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration 2013).
  All plots in this paper were created using Matplotlib (Hunter 2007).
article_number: A3
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: G.
  full_name: de La Vieuville, G.
  last_name: de La Vieuville
- first_name: D.
  full_name: Bina, D.
  last_name: Bina
- first_name: R.
  full_name: Pello, R.
  last_name: Pello
- first_name: G.
  full_name: Mahler, G.
  last_name: Mahler
- first_name: J.
  full_name: Richard, J.
  last_name: Richard
- first_name: A. B.
  full_name: Drake, A. B.
  last_name: Drake
- first_name: E. C.
  full_name: Herenz, E. C.
  last_name: Herenz
- first_name: F. E.
  full_name: Bauer, F. E.
  last_name: Bauer
- first_name: B.
  full_name: Clément, B.
  last_name: Clément
- first_name: D.
  full_name: Lagattuta, D.
  last_name: Lagattuta
- first_name: N.
  full_name: Laporte, N.
  last_name: Laporte
- first_name: J.
  full_name: Martinez, J.
  last_name: Martinez
- first_name: V.
  full_name: Patrício, V.
  last_name: Patrício
- first_name: L.
  full_name: Wisotzki, L.
  last_name: Wisotzki
- first_name: J.
  full_name: Zabl, J.
  last_name: Zabl
- first_name: R. J.
  full_name: Bouwens, R. J.
  last_name: Bouwens
- first_name: T.
  full_name: Contini, T.
  last_name: Contini
- first_name: T.
  full_name: Garel, T.
  last_name: Garel
- first_name: B.
  full_name: Guiderdoni, B.
  last_name: Guiderdoni
- first_name: R. A.
  full_name: Marino, R. A.
  last_name: Marino
- first_name: M. V.
  full_name: Maseda, M. V.
  last_name: Maseda
- first_name: Jorryt J
  full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
  id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
  last_name: Matthee
  orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: J.
  full_name: Schaye, J.
  last_name: Schaye
- first_name: G.
  full_name: Soucail, G.
  last_name: Soucail
citation:
  ama: de La Vieuville G, Bina D, Pello R, et al. Faint end of the z ∼ 3–7 luminosity
    function of Lyman-alpha emitters behind lensing clusters observed with MUSE. <i>Astronomy
    &#38; Astrophysics</i>. 2019;628. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834471">10.1051/0004-6361/201834471</a>
  apa: de La Vieuville, G., Bina, D., Pello, R., Mahler, G., Richard, J., Drake, A.
    B., … Soucail, G. (2019). Faint end of the z ∼ 3–7 luminosity function of Lyman-alpha
    emitters behind lensing clusters observed with MUSE. <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>.
    EDP Sciences. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834471">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834471</a>
  chicago: La Vieuville, G. de, D. Bina, R. Pello, G. Mahler, J. Richard, A. B. Drake,
    E. C. Herenz, et al. “Faint End of the z ∼ 3–7 Luminosity Function of Lyman-Alpha
    Emitters behind Lensing Clusters Observed with MUSE.” <i>Astronomy &#38; Astrophysics</i>.
    EDP Sciences, 2019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834471">https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834471</a>.
  ieee: G. de La Vieuville <i>et al.</i>, “Faint end of the z ∼ 3–7 luminosity function
    of Lyman-alpha emitters behind lensing clusters observed with MUSE,” <i>Astronomy
    &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 628. EDP Sciences, 2019.
  ista: de La Vieuville G, Bina D, Pello R, Mahler G, Richard J, Drake AB, Herenz
    EC, Bauer FE, Clément B, Lagattuta D, Laporte N, Martinez J, Patrício V, Wisotzki
    L, Zabl J, Bouwens RJ, Contini T, Garel T, Guiderdoni B, Marino RA, Maseda MV,
    Matthee JJ, Schaye J, Soucail G. 2019. Faint end of the z ∼ 3–7 luminosity function
    of Lyman-alpha emitters behind lensing clusters observed with MUSE. Astronomy
    &#38; Astrophysics. 628, A3.
  mla: de La Vieuville, G., et al. “Faint End of the z ∼ 3–7 Luminosity Function of
    Lyman-Alpha Emitters behind Lensing Clusters Observed with MUSE.” <i>Astronomy
    &#38; Astrophysics</i>, vol. 628, A3, EDP Sciences, 2019, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834471">10.1051/0004-6361/201834471</a>.
  short: G. de La Vieuville, D. Bina, R. Pello, G. Mahler, J. Richard, A.B. Drake,
    E.C. Herenz, F.E. Bauer, B. Clément, D. Lagattuta, N. Laporte, J. Martinez, V.
    Patrício, L. Wisotzki, J. Zabl, R.J. Bouwens, T. Contini, T. Garel, B. Guiderdoni,
    R.A. Marino, M.V. Maseda, J.J. Matthee, J. Schaye, G. Soucail, Astronomy &#38;
    Astrophysics 628 (2019).
date_created: 2022-07-06T10:09:36Z
date_published: 2019-07-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-19T09:36:31Z
day: '25'
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201834471
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1905.13696'
intvolume: '       628'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'gravitational lensing: strong / galaxies: high-redshift / dark ages'
- reionization
- 'first stars / galaxies: clusters: general / galaxies: luminosity function'
- mass function
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.13696
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1432-0746
  issn:
  - 0004-6361
publication_status: published
publisher: EDP Sciences
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Faint end of the z ∼ 3–7 luminosity function of Lyman-alpha emitters behind
  lensing clusters observed with MUSE
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 628
year: '2019'
...