---
_id: '11518'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "We present spectroscopic follow-up observations of CR7 with ALMA, targeted
    at constraining the infrared (IR) continuum and [C II]158 mm line-emission at
    high spatial resolution matched to the HST/WFC3 imaging. CR7 is a luminous Lyα
    emitting galaxy at z = 6.6 that consists of three separated UV-continuum components.
    Our observations reveal several well-separated components of [C II] emission.
    The two most luminous components in [C II] coincide with the brightest UV components
    (A and B), blueshifted by »150 km s−1 with respect to the\r\npeak of Lyα emission.
    Other [C II] components are observed close to UV clumps B and C and are blueshifted
    by »300 and ≈80 km s−1 with respect to the systemic redshift. We do not detect
    FIR continuum emission due to dust with a 3σ limiting luminosity LIR T L d 35
    K 3.1 10 = <´ 10 ( ) . This allows us to mitigate uncertainties in the dust-corrected
    SFR and derive SFRs for the three UV clumps A, B, and C of 28, 5, and 7 M yr−1.
    All clumps have [C II] luminosities consistent within the scatter observed in
    the local relation between SFR and L[ ] C II , implying that strong Lyα emission
    does not necessarily anti-correlate with [C II] luminosity. Combining\r\nour measurements
    with the literature, we show that galaxies with blue UV slopes have weaker [C
    II] emission at fixed SFR, potentially due to their lower metallicities and/or
    higher photoionization. Comparison with hydrodynamical simulations suggests that
    CR7ʼs clumps have metallicities of 0.1 Z Z 0.2 < < . The observed ISM structure
    of CR7 indicates that we are likely witnessing the build up of a central galaxy
    in the early universe through complex accretion of satellites."
acknowledgement: 'We thank the referee for their constructive comments, which have
  helped improve the quality and clarity of this work. We thank Raffaella Schneider
  for comments on an earlier version of this paper. We thank Leindert Boogaard, Steven
  Bos, Rychard Bouwens, and Renske Smit for discussions. J.M. acknowledges the support
  of a Huygens PhD fellowship from Leiden University. D.S. acknowledges financial
  support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific research (NWO) through
  a Veni fellowship and from Lancaster University through an Early Career Internal
  Grant A100679. A.F. acknowledges support from the ERC Advanced Grant INTERSTELLAR
  H2020/740120. B.D. acknowledges financial support from NASA through the Astrophysics
  Data Analysis Program (ADAP), grant number NNX12AE20G. Based on observations made
  with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 294.A-5018.
  This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2015.1.00122.S. ALMA
  is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA), and NINS (Japan),
  together with NRC (Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea),
  in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated
  by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ.'
article_number: '145'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Jorryt J
  full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
  id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
  last_name: Matthee
  orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: D.
  full_name: Sobral, D.
  last_name: Sobral
- first_name: F.
  full_name: Boone, F.
  last_name: Boone
- first_name: H.
  full_name: Röttgering, H.
  last_name: Röttgering
- first_name: D.
  full_name: Schaerer, D.
  last_name: Schaerer
- first_name: M.
  full_name: Girard, M.
  last_name: Girard
- first_name: A.
  full_name: Pallottini, A.
  last_name: Pallottini
- first_name: L.
  full_name: Vallini, L.
  last_name: Vallini
- first_name: A.
  full_name: Ferrara, A.
  last_name: Ferrara
- first_name: B.
  full_name: Darvish, B.
  last_name: Darvish
- first_name: B.
  full_name: Mobasher, B.
  last_name: Mobasher
citation:
  ama: Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Boone F, et al. ALMA reveals metals yet no dust within
    multiple components in CR7. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2017;851(2). doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931">10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931</a>
  apa: Matthee, J. J., Sobral, D., Boone, F., Röttgering, H., Schaerer, D., Girard,
    M., … Mobasher, B. (2017). ALMA reveals metals yet no dust within multiple components
    in CR7. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931</a>
  chicago: Matthee, Jorryt J, D. Sobral, F. Boone, H. Röttgering, D. Schaerer, M.
    Girard, A. Pallottini, et al. “ALMA Reveals Metals yet No Dust within Multiple
    Components in CR7.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing, 2017. <a
    href="https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931</a>.
  ieee: J. J. Matthee <i>et al.</i>, “ALMA reveals metals yet no dust within multiple
    components in CR7,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 851, no. 2. IOP Publishing,
    2017.
  ista: Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Boone F, Röttgering H, Schaerer D, Girard M, Pallottini
    A, Vallini L, Ferrara A, Darvish B, Mobasher B. 2017. ALMA reveals metals yet
    no dust within multiple components in CR7. The Astrophysical Journal. 851(2),
    145.
  mla: Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “ALMA Reveals Metals yet No Dust within Multiple
    Components in CR7.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 851, no. 2, 145, IOP
    Publishing, 2017, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931">10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931</a>.
  short: J.J. Matthee, D. Sobral, F. Boone, H. Röttgering, D. Schaerer, M. Girard,
    A. Pallottini, L. Vallini, A. Ferrara, B. Darvish, B. Mobasher, The Astrophysical
    Journal 851 (2017).
date_created: 2022-07-07T08:48:04Z
date_published: 2017-12-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-18T10:23:35Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1709.06569'
intvolume: '       851'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- dark ages
- reionization
- 'first stars – galaxies: formation – galaxies: high-redshift – galaxies: ISM – galaxies:
  kinematics and dynamics'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.06569
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1538-4357
  issn:
  - 0004-637X
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: ALMA reveals metals yet no dust within multiple components in CR7
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 851
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '11573'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We present dynamical measurements from the KMOS (K-band multi-object spectrograph)
    Deep Survey (KDS), which comprises 77 typical star-forming galaxies at z ≃ 3.5
    in the mass range 9.0 < log (M⋆/M⊙) < 10.5. These measurements constrain the internal
    dynamics, the intrinsic velocity dispersions (σint) and rotation velocities (VC)
    of galaxies in the high-redshift Universe. The mean velocity dispersion of the
    galaxies in our sample is σint=70.8+3.3−3.1kms−1⁠, revealing that the increasing
    average σint with increasing redshift, reported for z ≲ 2, continues out to z
    ≃ 3.5. Only 36 ± 8 per cent of our galaxies are rotation-dominated (VC/σint >
    1), with the sample average VC/σint value much smaller than at lower redshift.
    After carefully selecting comparable star-forming samples at multiple epochs,
    we find that the rotation-dominated fraction evolves with redshift with a z−0.2
    dependence. The rotation-dominated KDS galaxies show no clear offset from the
    local rotation velocity–stellar mass (i.e. VC–M⋆) relation, although a smaller
    fraction of the galaxies are on the relation due to the increase in the dispersion-dominated
    fraction. These observations are consistent with a simple equilibrium model picture,
    in which random motions are boosted in high-redshift galaxies by a combination
    of the increasing gas fractions, accretion efficiency, specific star formation
    rate and stellar feedback and which may provide significant pressure support against
    gravity on the galactic disc scale.
acknowledgement: 'We wish to thank the anonymous referee for their comments, which
  have improved the quality and clarity of this work. OJT acknowledges the financial
  support of the Science and Technology Facilities Council through a studentship award.
  MC and OJT acknowledge the KMOS team and all the personnel of the European Southern
  Observatory Very Large Telescope for outstanding support during the KMOS GTO observations.
  CMH, AMS and RMS acknowledge the Science and Technology Facilities Council through
  grant code ST/L00075X/1. RJM acknowledges the support of the European Research Council
  via the award of a Consolidator Grant (PI: McLure). JSD acknowledges the support
  of the European Research Council via the award of an Advanced Grant (PI J. Dunlop),
  and the contribution of the EC FP7 SPACE project ASTRODEEP (Ref.No: 312725). AMS
  acknowledges the Leverhulme Foundation. JM acknowledges the support of a Huygens
  PhD fellowship from Leiden University. DS acknowledges financial support from the
  Netherlands Organization for Scientific research (NWO) through a Veni fellowship
  and from FCT through an FCT Investigator Starting Grant and Start-up Grant (IF/01154/2012/CP0189/CT0010).
  This work is based on observations taken by the CANDELS Multi-Cycle Treasury Program
  with the NASA/ESA HST, which is operated by the Association of Universities for
  Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. This work is based
  on observations taken by the 3D HST Treasury Program (GO 12177 and 12328) with the
  NASA/ESA HST, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research
  in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Based on data obtained with
  the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope, Paranal, Chile, under Large
  Program 185.A-0791, and made available by the VUDS team at the CESAM data centre,
  Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, France. Based on observations obtained
  at the Very Large Telescope of the European Southern Observatory. Programme IDs:
  092.A 0399(A), 093.A-0122(A,B), 094.A-0214(A,B),095.A0680(A,B),096.A-0315(A,B,C).'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: O. J.
  full_name: Turner, O. J.
  last_name: Turner
- first_name: M.
  full_name: Cirasuolo, M.
  last_name: Cirasuolo
- first_name: C. M.
  full_name: Harrison, C. M.
  last_name: Harrison
- first_name: R. J.
  full_name: McLure, R. J.
  last_name: McLure
- first_name: J. S.
  full_name: Dunlop, J. S.
  last_name: Dunlop
- first_name: A. M.
  full_name: Swinbank, A. M.
  last_name: Swinbank
- first_name: H. L.
  full_name: Johnson, H. L.
  last_name: Johnson
- first_name: D.
  full_name: Sobral, D.
  last_name: Sobral
- first_name: Jorryt J
  full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
  id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
  last_name: Matthee
  orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: R. M.
  full_name: Sharples, R. M.
  last_name: Sharples
citation:
  ama: Turner OJ, Cirasuolo M, Harrison CM, et al. The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) – I.
    Dynamical measurements of typical star-forming galaxies at z ≃ 3.5. <i>Monthly
    Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2017;471(2):1280-1320. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1366">10.1093/mnras/stx1366</a>
  apa: Turner, O. J., Cirasuolo, M., Harrison, C. M., McLure, R. J., Dunlop, J. S.,
    Swinbank, A. M., … Sharples, R. M. (2017). The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) – I. Dynamical
    measurements of typical star-forming galaxies at z ≃ 3.5. <i>Monthly Notices of
    the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1366">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1366</a>
  chicago: Turner, O. J., M. Cirasuolo, C. M. Harrison, R. J. McLure, J. S. Dunlop,
    A. M. Swinbank, H. L. Johnson, D. Sobral, Jorryt J Matthee, and R. M. Sharples.
    “The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) – I. Dynamical Measurements of Typical Star-Forming
    Galaxies at z ≃ 3.5.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>.
    Oxford University Press, 2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1366">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1366</a>.
  ieee: O. J. Turner <i>et al.</i>, “The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) – I. Dynamical measurements
    of typical star-forming galaxies at z ≃ 3.5,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal
    Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 471, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 1280–1320,
    2017.
  ista: Turner OJ, Cirasuolo M, Harrison CM, McLure RJ, Dunlop JS, Swinbank AM, Johnson
    HL, Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Sharples RM. 2017. The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) – I. Dynamical
    measurements of typical star-forming galaxies at z ≃ 3.5. Monthly Notices of the
    Royal Astronomical Society. 471(2), 1280–1320.
  mla: Turner, O. J., et al. “The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) – I. Dynamical Measurements
    of Typical Star-Forming Galaxies at z ≃ 3.5.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal
    Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 471, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2017, pp.
    1280–320, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1366">10.1093/mnras/stx1366</a>.
  short: O.J. Turner, M. Cirasuolo, C.M. Harrison, R.J. McLure, J.S. Dunlop, A.M.
    Swinbank, H.L. Johnson, D. Sobral, J.J. Matthee, R.M. Sharples, Monthly Notices
    of the Royal Astronomical Society 471 (2017) 1280–1320.
date_created: 2022-07-13T10:03:01Z
date_published: 2017-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-19T08:07:31Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/stx1366
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1704.06263'
intvolume: '       471'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'galaxies: evolution'
- 'galaxies: high-redshift'
- 'galaxies: kinematics and dynamics'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.06263
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 1280-1320
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1365-2966
  issn:
  - 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) – I. Dynamical measurements of typical star-forming
  galaxies at z ≃ 3.5
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 471
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '11582'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We have observed a sample of typical z ∼ 1 star-forming galaxies, selected
    from the HiZELS survey, with the new K-band Multi-Object Spectrograph (KMOS) near-infrared,
    multi-integral field unit instrument on the Very Large Telescope (VLT), in order
    to obtain their dynamics and metallicity gradients. The majority of our galaxies
    have a metallicity gradient consistent with being flat or negative (i.e. higher
    metallicity cores than outskirts). Intriguingly, we find a trend between metallicity
    gradient and specific star formation rate (sSFR), such that galaxies with a high
    sSFR tend to have relatively metal poor centres, a result which is strengthened
    when combined with data sets from the literature. This result appears to explain
    the discrepancies reported between different high-redshift studies and varying
    claims for evolution. From a galaxy evolution perspective, the trend we see would
    mean that a galaxy's sSFR is governed by the amount of metal-poor gas that can
    be funnelled into its core, triggered either by merging or through efficient accretion.
    In fact, merging may play a significant role as it is the starburst galaxies at
    all epochs, which have the more positive metallicity gradients. Our results may
    help to explain the origin of the fundamental metallicity relation, in which galaxies
    at a fixed mass are observed to have lower metallicities at higher star formation
    rates, especially if the metallicity is measured in an aperture encompassing only
    the central regions of the galaxy. Finally, we note that this study demonstrates
    the power of KMOS as an efficient instrument for large-scale resolved galaxy surveys.
acknowledgement: First, we acknowledge the referee for their comments, which have
  improved the clarity of this paper. JPS and IRS acknowledge support from STFC (ST/I001573/1).
  IRS also acknowledges support from the ERC Advanced Investigator programme DUSTYGAL
  and a Royal Society/Wolfson Merit Award. DS acknowledges financial support from
  NWO through a Veni fellowship and from FCT through the award of an FCT-IF starting
  grant. PNB acknowledges STFC for financial support.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: John P.
  full_name: Stott, John P.
  last_name: Stott
- first_name: David
  full_name: Sobral, David
  last_name: Sobral
- first_name: A. M.
  full_name: Swinbank, A. M.
  last_name: Swinbank
- first_name: Ian
  full_name: Smail, Ian
  last_name: Smail
- first_name: Richard
  full_name: Bower, Richard
  last_name: Bower
- first_name: Philip N.
  full_name: Best, Philip N.
  last_name: Best
- first_name: Ray M.
  full_name: Sharples, Ray M.
  last_name: Sharples
- first_name: James E.
  full_name: Geach, James E.
  last_name: Geach
- first_name: Jorryt J
  full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
  id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
  last_name: Matthee
  orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
citation:
  ama: Stott JP, Sobral D, Swinbank AM, et al. A relationship between specific star
    formation rate and metallicity gradient within z ∼ 1 galaxies from KMOS-HiZELS.
    <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2014;443(3):2695-2704.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1343">10.1093/mnras/stu1343</a>
  apa: Stott, J. P., Sobral, D., Swinbank, A. M., Smail, I., Bower, R., Best, P. N.,
    … Matthee, J. J. (2014). A relationship between specific star formation rate and
    metallicity gradient within z ∼ 1 galaxies from KMOS-HiZELS. <i>Monthly Notices
    of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1343">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1343</a>
  chicago: Stott, John P., David Sobral, A. M. Swinbank, Ian Smail, Richard Bower,
    Philip N. Best, Ray M. Sharples, James E. Geach, and Jorryt J Matthee. “A Relationship
    between Specific Star Formation Rate and Metallicity Gradient within z ∼ 1 Galaxies
    from KMOS-HiZELS.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford
    University Press, 2014. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1343">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1343</a>.
  ieee: J. P. Stott <i>et al.</i>, “A relationship between specific star formation
    rate and metallicity gradient within z ∼ 1 galaxies from KMOS-HiZELS,” <i>Monthly
    Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 443, no. 3. Oxford University
    Press, pp. 2695–2704, 2014.
  ista: Stott JP, Sobral D, Swinbank AM, Smail I, Bower R, Best PN, Sharples RM, Geach
    JE, Matthee JJ. 2014. A relationship between specific star formation rate and
    metallicity gradient within z ∼ 1 galaxies from KMOS-HiZELS. Monthly Notices of
    the Royal Astronomical Society. 443(3), 2695–2704.
  mla: Stott, John P., et al. “A Relationship between Specific Star Formation Rate
    and Metallicity Gradient within z ∼ 1 Galaxies from KMOS-HiZELS.” <i>Monthly Notices
    of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 443, no. 3, Oxford University Press,
    2014, pp. 2695–704, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1343">10.1093/mnras/stu1343</a>.
  short: J.P. Stott, D. Sobral, A.M. Swinbank, I. Smail, R. Bower, P.N. Best, R.M.
    Sharples, J.E. Geach, J.J. Matthee, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
    Society 443 (2014) 2695–2704.
date_created: 2022-07-14T12:16:10Z
date_published: 2014-09-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-19T08:27:25Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/stu1343
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1407.1047'
intvolume: '       443'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'galaxies: abundances'
- 'galaxies: evolution'
- 'galaxies: kinematics and dynamics'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.1047
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 2695-2704
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1365-2966
  issn:
  - 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A relationship between specific star formation rate and metallicity gradient
  within z ∼ 1 galaxies from KMOS-HiZELS
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 443
year: '2014'
...