[{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931","publisher":"IOP Publishing","year":"2017","type":"journal_article","author":[{"full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","last_name":"Matthee","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720"},{"full_name":"Sobral, D.","first_name":"D.","last_name":"Sobral"},{"last_name":"Boone","first_name":"F.","full_name":"Boone, F."},{"last_name":"Röttgering","full_name":"Röttgering, H.","first_name":"H."},{"last_name":"Schaerer","first_name":"D.","full_name":"Schaerer, D."},{"first_name":"M.","full_name":"Girard, M.","last_name":"Girard"},{"last_name":"Pallottini","first_name":"A.","full_name":"Pallottini, A."},{"first_name":"L.","full_name":"Vallini, L.","last_name":"Vallini"},{"first_name":"A.","full_name":"Ferrara, A.","last_name":"Ferrara"},{"last_name":"Darvish","full_name":"Darvish, B.","first_name":"B."},{"last_name":"Mobasher","first_name":"B.","full_name":"Mobasher, B."}],"oa":1,"_id":"11518","date_published":"2017-12-21T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2022-07-07T08:48:04Z","article_number":"145","acknowledgement":"We thank the referee for their constructive comments, which have helped improve the quality and clarity of this work. We thank Raffaella Schneider for comments on an earlier version of this paper. We thank Leindert Boogaard, Steven Bos, Rychard Bouwens, and Renske Smit for discussions. J.M. acknowledges the support of a Huygens PhD fellowship from Leiden University. D.S. acknowledges financial support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific research (NWO) through a Veni fellowship and from Lancaster University through an Early Career Internal Grant A100679. A.F. acknowledges support from the ERC Advanced Grant INTERSTELLAR H2020/740120. B.D. acknowledges financial support from NASA through the Astrophysics Data Analysis Program (ADAP), grant number NNX12AE20G. Based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 294.A-5018. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2015.1.00122.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA), and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ.","article_processing_charge":"No","extern":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","dark ages","reionization","first stars – galaxies: formation – galaxies: high-redshift – galaxies: ISM – galaxies: kinematics and dynamics"],"intvolume":"       851","month":"12","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0004-637X"],"eissn":["1538-4357"]},"article_type":"original","volume":851,"date_updated":"2022-08-18T10:23:35Z","status":"public","publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Preprint","day":"21","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We present spectroscopic follow-up observations of CR7 with ALMA, targeted at constraining the infrared (IR) continuum and [C II]158 mm line-emission at high spatial resolution matched to the HST/WFC3 imaging. CR7 is a luminous Lyα emitting galaxy at z = 6.6 that consists of three separated UV-continuum components. Our observations reveal several well-separated components of [C II] emission. The two most luminous components in [C II] coincide with the brightest UV components (A and B), blueshifted by »150 km s−1 with respect to the\r\npeak of Lyα emission. Other [C II] components are observed close to UV clumps B and C and are blueshifted by »300 and ≈80 km s−1 with respect to the systemic redshift. We do not detect FIR continuum emission due to dust with a 3σ limiting luminosity LIR T L d 35 K 3.1 10 = <´ 10 ( ) . This allows us to mitigate uncertainties in the dust-corrected SFR and derive SFRs for the three UV clumps A, B, and C of 28, 5, and 7 M yr−1. All clumps have [C II] luminosities consistent within the scatter observed in the local relation between SFR and L[ ] C II , implying that strong Lyα emission does not necessarily anti-correlate with [C II] luminosity. Combining\r\nour measurements with the literature, we show that galaxies with blue UV slopes have weaker [C II] emission at fixed SFR, potentially due to their lower metallicities and/or higher photoionization. Comparison with hydrodynamical simulations suggests that CR7ʼs clumps have metallicities of 0.1 Z Z 0.2 < < . The observed ISM structure of CR7 indicates that we are likely witnessing the build up of a central galaxy in the early universe through complex accretion of satellites."}],"citation":{"mla":"Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “ALMA Reveals Metals yet No Dust within Multiple Components in CR7.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 851, no. 2, 145, IOP Publishing, 2017, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931\">10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931</a>.","ista":"Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Boone F, Röttgering H, Schaerer D, Girard M, Pallottini A, Vallini L, Ferrara A, Darvish B, Mobasher B. 2017. ALMA reveals metals yet no dust within multiple components in CR7. The Astrophysical Journal. 851(2), 145.","short":"J.J. Matthee, D. Sobral, F. Boone, H. Röttgering, D. Schaerer, M. Girard, A. Pallottini, L. Vallini, A. Ferrara, B. Darvish, B. Mobasher, The Astrophysical Journal 851 (2017).","apa":"Matthee, J. J., Sobral, D., Boone, F., Röttgering, H., Schaerer, D., Girard, M., … Mobasher, B. (2017). ALMA reveals metals yet no dust within multiple components in CR7. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931</a>","ama":"Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Boone F, et al. ALMA reveals metals yet no dust within multiple components in CR7. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. 2017;851(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931\">10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931</a>","chicago":"Matthee, Jorryt J, D. Sobral, F. Boone, H. Röttgering, D. Schaerer, M. Girard, A. Pallottini, et al. “ALMA Reveals Metals yet No Dust within Multiple Components in CR7.” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. IOP Publishing, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931\">https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931</a>.","ieee":"J. J. Matthee <i>et al.</i>, “ALMA reveals metals yet no dust within multiple components in CR7,” <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>, vol. 851, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2017."},"arxiv":1,"issue":"2","scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.06569"}],"publication":"The Astrophysical Journal","external_id":{"arxiv":["1709.06569"]},"title":"ALMA reveals metals yet no dust within multiple components in CR7"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1093/mnras/stx1366","publisher":"Oxford University Press","year":"2017","type":"journal_article","author":[{"first_name":"O. J.","full_name":"Turner, O. J.","last_name":"Turner"},{"first_name":"M.","full_name":"Cirasuolo, M.","last_name":"Cirasuolo"},{"last_name":"Harrison","first_name":"C. M.","full_name":"Harrison, C. M."},{"last_name":"McLure","first_name":"R. J.","full_name":"McLure, R. J."},{"full_name":"Dunlop, J. S.","first_name":"J. S.","last_name":"Dunlop"},{"full_name":"Swinbank, A. M.","first_name":"A. M.","last_name":"Swinbank"},{"last_name":"Johnson","full_name":"Johnson, H. L.","first_name":"H. L."},{"last_name":"Sobral","first_name":"D.","full_name":"Sobral, D."},{"full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","last_name":"Matthee","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X"},{"first_name":"R. M.","full_name":"Sharples, R. M.","last_name":"Sharples"}],"oa":1,"_id":"11573","date_published":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","date_created":"2022-07-13T10:03:01Z","acknowledgement":"We wish to thank the anonymous referee for their comments, which have improved the quality and clarity of this work. OJT acknowledges the financial support of the Science and Technology Facilities Council through a studentship award. MC and OJT acknowledge the KMOS team and all the personnel of the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope for outstanding support during the KMOS GTO observations. CMH, AMS and RMS acknowledge the Science and Technology Facilities Council through grant code ST/L00075X/1. RJM acknowledges the support of the European Research Council via the award of a Consolidator Grant (PI: McLure). JSD acknowledges the support of the European Research Council via the award of an Advanced Grant (PI J. Dunlop), and the contribution of the EC FP7 SPACE project ASTRODEEP (Ref.No: 312725). AMS acknowledges the Leverhulme Foundation. JM acknowledges the support of a Huygens PhD fellowship from Leiden University. DS acknowledges financial support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific research (NWO) through a Veni fellowship and from FCT through an FCT Investigator Starting Grant and Start-up Grant (IF/01154/2012/CP0189/CT0010). This work is based on observations taken by the CANDELS Multi-Cycle Treasury Program with the NASA/ESA HST, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. This work is based on observations taken by the 3D HST Treasury Program (GO 12177 and 12328) with the NASA/ESA HST, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555. Based on data obtained with the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope, Paranal, Chile, under Large Program 185.A-0791, and made available by the VUDS team at the CESAM data centre, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, France. Based on observations obtained at the Very Large Telescope of the European Southern Observatory. Programme IDs: 092.A 0399(A), 093.A-0122(A,B), 094.A-0214(A,B),095.A0680(A,B),096.A-0315(A,B,C).","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","extern":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","galaxies: evolution","galaxies: high-redshift","galaxies: kinematics and dynamics"],"intvolume":"       471","month":"10","quality_controlled":"1","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0035-8711"],"eissn":["1365-2966"]},"volume":471,"article_type":"original","date_updated":"2022-08-19T08:07:31Z","status":"public","publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Preprint","page":"1280-1320","day":"01","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We present dynamical measurements from the KMOS (K-band multi-object spectrograph) Deep Survey (KDS), which comprises 77 typical star-forming galaxies at z ≃ 3.5 in the mass range 9.0 < log (M⋆/M⊙) < 10.5. These measurements constrain the internal dynamics, the intrinsic velocity dispersions (σint) and rotation velocities (VC) of galaxies in the high-redshift Universe. The mean velocity dispersion of the galaxies in our sample is σint=70.8+3.3−3.1kms−1⁠, revealing that the increasing average σint with increasing redshift, reported for z ≲ 2, continues out to z ≃ 3.5. Only 36 ± 8 per cent of our galaxies are rotation-dominated (VC/σint > 1), with the sample average VC/σint value much smaller than at lower redshift. After carefully selecting comparable star-forming samples at multiple epochs, we find that the rotation-dominated fraction evolves with redshift with a z−0.2 dependence. The rotation-dominated KDS galaxies show no clear offset from the local rotation velocity–stellar mass (i.e. VC–M⋆) relation, although a smaller fraction of the galaxies are on the relation due to the increase in the dispersion-dominated fraction. These observations are consistent with a simple equilibrium model picture, in which random motions are boosted in high-redshift galaxies by a combination of the increasing gas fractions, accretion efficiency, specific star formation rate and stellar feedback and which may provide significant pressure support against gravity on the galactic disc scale."}],"arxiv":1,"citation":{"apa":"Turner, O. J., Cirasuolo, M., Harrison, C. M., McLure, R. J., Dunlop, J. S., Swinbank, A. M., … Sharples, R. M. (2017). The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) – I. Dynamical measurements of typical star-forming galaxies at z ≃ 3.5. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1366\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1366</a>","ista":"Turner OJ, Cirasuolo M, Harrison CM, McLure RJ, Dunlop JS, Swinbank AM, Johnson HL, Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Sharples RM. 2017. The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) – I. Dynamical measurements of typical star-forming galaxies at z ≃ 3.5. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471(2), 1280–1320.","short":"O.J. Turner, M. Cirasuolo, C.M. Harrison, R.J. McLure, J.S. Dunlop, A.M. Swinbank, H.L. Johnson, D. Sobral, J.J. Matthee, R.M. Sharples, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 471 (2017) 1280–1320.","mla":"Turner, O. J., et al. “The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) – I. Dynamical Measurements of Typical Star-Forming Galaxies at z ≃ 3.5.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 471, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2017, pp. 1280–320, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1366\">10.1093/mnras/stx1366</a>.","ama":"Turner OJ, Cirasuolo M, Harrison CM, et al. The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) – I. Dynamical measurements of typical star-forming galaxies at z ≃ 3.5. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2017;471(2):1280-1320. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1366\">10.1093/mnras/stx1366</a>","chicago":"Turner, O. J., M. Cirasuolo, C. M. Harrison, R. J. McLure, J. S. Dunlop, A. M. Swinbank, H. L. Johnson, D. Sobral, Jorryt J Matthee, and R. M. Sharples. “The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) – I. Dynamical Measurements of Typical Star-Forming Galaxies at z ≃ 3.5.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2017. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1366\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1366</a>.","ieee":"O. J. Turner <i>et al.</i>, “The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) – I. Dynamical measurements of typical star-forming galaxies at z ≃ 3.5,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 471, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 1280–1320, 2017."},"issue":"2","scopus_import":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.06263"}],"publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","external_id":{"arxiv":["1704.06263"]},"title":"The KMOS Deep Survey (KDS) – I. Dynamical measurements of typical star-forming galaxies at z ≃ 3.5"},{"day":"21","publication_status":"published","oa_version":"Preprint","page":"2695-2704","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We have observed a sample of typical z ∼ 1 star-forming galaxies, selected from the HiZELS survey, with the new K-band Multi-Object Spectrograph (KMOS) near-infrared, multi-integral field unit instrument on the Very Large Telescope (VLT), in order to obtain their dynamics and metallicity gradients. The majority of our galaxies have a metallicity gradient consistent with being flat or negative (i.e. higher metallicity cores than outskirts). Intriguingly, we find a trend between metallicity gradient and specific star formation rate (sSFR), such that galaxies with a high sSFR tend to have relatively metal poor centres, a result which is strengthened when combined with data sets from the literature. This result appears to explain the discrepancies reported between different high-redshift studies and varying claims for evolution. From a galaxy evolution perspective, the trend we see would mean that a galaxy's sSFR is governed by the amount of metal-poor gas that can be funnelled into its core, triggered either by merging or through efficient accretion. In fact, merging may play a significant role as it is the starburst galaxies at all epochs, which have the more positive metallicity gradients. Our results may help to explain the origin of the fundamental metallicity relation, in which galaxies at a fixed mass are observed to have lower metallicities at higher star formation rates, especially if the metallicity is measured in an aperture encompassing only the central regions of the galaxy. Finally, we note that this study demonstrates the power of KMOS as an efficient instrument for large-scale resolved galaxy surveys."}],"status":"public","date_updated":"2022-08-19T08:27:25Z","publication":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","title":"A relationship between specific star formation rate and metallicity gradient within z ∼ 1 galaxies from KMOS-HiZELS","external_id":{"arxiv":["1407.1047"]},"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.1047"}],"scopus_import":"1","issue":"3","citation":{"ama":"Stott JP, Sobral D, Swinbank AM, et al. A relationship between specific star formation rate and metallicity gradient within z ∼ 1 galaxies from KMOS-HiZELS. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2014;443(3):2695-2704. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1343\">10.1093/mnras/stu1343</a>","ista":"Stott JP, Sobral D, Swinbank AM, Smail I, Bower R, Best PN, Sharples RM, Geach JE, Matthee JJ. 2014. A relationship between specific star formation rate and metallicity gradient within z ∼ 1 galaxies from KMOS-HiZELS. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 443(3), 2695–2704.","short":"J.P. Stott, D. Sobral, A.M. Swinbank, I. Smail, R. Bower, P.N. Best, R.M. Sharples, J.E. Geach, J.J. Matthee, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 443 (2014) 2695–2704.","mla":"Stott, John P., et al. “A Relationship between Specific Star Formation Rate and Metallicity Gradient within z ∼ 1 Galaxies from KMOS-HiZELS.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 443, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2014, pp. 2695–704, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1343\">10.1093/mnras/stu1343</a>.","apa":"Stott, J. P., Sobral, D., Swinbank, A. M., Smail, I., Bower, R., Best, P. N., … Matthee, J. J. (2014). A relationship between specific star formation rate and metallicity gradient within z ∼ 1 galaxies from KMOS-HiZELS. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1343\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1343</a>","ieee":"J. P. Stott <i>et al.</i>, “A relationship between specific star formation rate and metallicity gradient within z ∼ 1 galaxies from KMOS-HiZELS,” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 443, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 2695–2704, 2014.","chicago":"Stott, John P., David Sobral, A. M. Swinbank, Ian Smail, Richard Bower, Philip N. Best, Ray M. Sharples, James E. Geach, and Jorryt J Matthee. “A Relationship between Specific Star Formation Rate and Metallicity Gradient within z ∼ 1 Galaxies from KMOS-HiZELS.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press, 2014. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1343\">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1343</a>."},"arxiv":1,"date_published":"2014-09-21T00:00:00Z","author":[{"last_name":"Stott","full_name":"Stott, John P.","first_name":"John P."},{"last_name":"Sobral","full_name":"Sobral, David","first_name":"David"},{"first_name":"A. M.","full_name":"Swinbank, A. M.","last_name":"Swinbank"},{"full_name":"Smail, Ian","first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Smail"},{"first_name":"Richard","full_name":"Bower, Richard","last_name":"Bower"},{"first_name":"Philip N.","full_name":"Best, Philip N.","last_name":"Best"},{"last_name":"Sharples","full_name":"Sharples, Ray M.","first_name":"Ray M."},{"last_name":"Geach","full_name":"Geach, James E.","first_name":"James E."},{"last_name":"Matthee","id":"7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720","orcid":"0000-0003-2871-127X","full_name":"Matthee, Jorryt J","first_name":"Jorryt J"}],"_id":"11582","oa":1,"type":"journal_article","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stu1343","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"year":"2014","publisher":"Oxford University Press","volume":443,"article_type":"original","month":"09","publication_identifier":{"eissn":["1365-2966"],"issn":["0035-8711"]},"quality_controlled":"1","user_id":"2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87","extern":"1","article_processing_charge":"No","intvolume":"       443","keyword":["Space and Planetary Science","Astronomy and Astrophysics","galaxies: abundances","galaxies: evolution","galaxies: kinematics and dynamics"],"date_created":"2022-07-14T12:16:10Z","acknowledgement":"First, we acknowledge the referee for their comments, which have improved the clarity of this paper. JPS and IRS acknowledge support from STFC (ST/I001573/1). IRS also acknowledges support from the ERC Advanced Investigator programme DUSTYGAL and a Royal Society/Wolfson Merit Award. DS acknowledges financial support from NWO through a Veni fellowship and from FCT through the award of an FCT-IF starting grant. PNB acknowledges STFC for financial support."}]