---
_id: '11584'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Observations show that star-forming galaxies reside on a tight 3D plane between
    mass, gas-phase metallicity, and star formation rate (SFR), which can be explained
    by the interplay between metal-poor gas inflows, SFR and outflows. However, different
    metals are released on different time-scales, which may affect the slope of this
    relation. Here, we use central, star-forming galaxies with Mstar = 109.0–10.5
    M⊙ from the EAGLE hydrodynamical simulation to examine 3D relations between mass,
    SFR, and chemical enrichment using absolute and relative C, N, O, and Fe abundances.
    We show that the scatter is smaller when gas-phase α-enhancement is used rather
    than metallicity. A similar plane also exists for stellar α-enhancement, implying
    that present-day specific SFRs are correlated with long time-scale star formation
    histories. Between z = 0 and 1, the α-enhancement plane is even more insensitive
    to redshift than the plane using metallicity. However, it evolves at z > 1 due
    to lagging iron yields. At fixed mass, galaxies with higher SFRs have star formation
    histories shifted towards late times, are more α-enhanced, and this α-enhancement
    increases with redshift as observed. These findings suggest that relations between
    physical properties inferred from observations may be affected by systematic variations
    in α-enhancements.
acknowledgement: We thank the anonymous referee for their constructive comments. JM
  acknowledges the support of a Huygens PhD fellowship from Leiden University. We
  thank Jarle Brinchmann, Rob Crain and David Sobral for discussions. We acknowledge
  the use of the TOPCAT software (Taylor 2013) for assisting in rapid exploration
  of multidimensional data sets and the use of PYTHON and its NUMPY, MATPLOTLIB, and
  PANDAS packages.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Jorryt J
  full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
  id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
  last_name: Matthee
  orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Joop
  full_name: Schaye, Joop
  last_name: Schaye
citation:
  ama: 'Matthee JJ, Schaye J. Star-forming galaxies are predicted to lie on a fundamental
    plane of mass, star formation rate, and α-enhancement. <i>Monthly Notices of the
    Royal Astronomical Society: Letters</i>. 2018;479(1):L34-L39. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/sly093">10.1093/mnrasl/sly093</a>'
  apa: 'Matthee, J. J., &#38; Schaye, J. (2018). Star-forming galaxies are predicted
    to lie on a fundamental plane of mass, star formation rate, and α-enhancement.
    <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters</i>. Oxford University
    Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/sly093">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/sly093</a>'
  chicago: 'Matthee, Jorryt J, and Joop Schaye. “Star-Forming Galaxies Are Predicted
    to Lie on a Fundamental Plane of Mass, Star Formation Rate, and α-Enhancement.”
    <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters</i>. Oxford University
    Press, 2018. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/sly093">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/sly093</a>.'
  ieee: 'J. J. Matthee and J. Schaye, “Star-forming galaxies are predicted to lie
    on a fundamental plane of mass, star formation rate, and α-enhancement,” <i>Monthly
    Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters</i>, vol. 479, no. 1. Oxford
    University Press, pp. L34–L39, 2018.'
  ista: 'Matthee JJ, Schaye J. 2018. Star-forming galaxies are predicted to lie on
    a fundamental plane of mass, star formation rate, and α-enhancement. Monthly Notices
    of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 479(1), L34–L39.'
  mla: 'Matthee, Jorryt J., and Joop Schaye. “Star-Forming Galaxies Are Predicted
    to Lie on a Fundamental Plane of Mass, Star Formation Rate, and α-Enhancement.”
    <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters</i>, vol. 479, no.
    1, Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. L34–39, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/sly093">10.1093/mnrasl/sly093</a>.'
  short: 'J.J. Matthee, J. Schaye, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society:
    Letters 479 (2018) L34–L39.'
date_created: 2022-07-14T12:49:47Z
date_published: 2018-09-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-19T08:35:45Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/mnrasl/sly093
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1802.06786'
intvolume: '       479'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'galaxies: abundances'
- 'galaxies: evolution'
- 'galaxies: formation'
- 'galaxies: star formation'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.06786
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: L34 - L39
publication: 'Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters'
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1745-3933
  issn:
  - 1745-3925
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Star-forming galaxies are predicted to lie on a fundamental plane of mass,
  star formation rate, and α-enhancement
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 479
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '11582'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We have observed a sample of typical z ∼ 1 star-forming galaxies, selected
    from the HiZELS survey, with the new K-band Multi-Object Spectrograph (KMOS) near-infrared,
    multi-integral field unit instrument on the Very Large Telescope (VLT), in order
    to obtain their dynamics and metallicity gradients. The majority of our galaxies
    have a metallicity gradient consistent with being flat or negative (i.e. higher
    metallicity cores than outskirts). Intriguingly, we find a trend between metallicity
    gradient and specific star formation rate (sSFR), such that galaxies with a high
    sSFR tend to have relatively metal poor centres, a result which is strengthened
    when combined with data sets from the literature. This result appears to explain
    the discrepancies reported between different high-redshift studies and varying
    claims for evolution. From a galaxy evolution perspective, the trend we see would
    mean that a galaxy's sSFR is governed by the amount of metal-poor gas that can
    be funnelled into its core, triggered either by merging or through efficient accretion.
    In fact, merging may play a significant role as it is the starburst galaxies at
    all epochs, which have the more positive metallicity gradients. Our results may
    help to explain the origin of the fundamental metallicity relation, in which galaxies
    at a fixed mass are observed to have lower metallicities at higher star formation
    rates, especially if the metallicity is measured in an aperture encompassing only
    the central regions of the galaxy. Finally, we note that this study demonstrates
    the power of KMOS as an efficient instrument for large-scale resolved galaxy surveys.
acknowledgement: First, we acknowledge the referee for their comments, which have
  improved the clarity of this paper. JPS and IRS acknowledge support from STFC (ST/I001573/1).
  IRS also acknowledges support from the ERC Advanced Investigator programme DUSTYGAL
  and a Royal Society/Wolfson Merit Award. DS acknowledges financial support from
  NWO through a Veni fellowship and from FCT through the award of an FCT-IF starting
  grant. PNB acknowledges STFC for financial support.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: John P.
  full_name: Stott, John P.
  last_name: Stott
- first_name: David
  full_name: Sobral, David
  last_name: Sobral
- first_name: A. M.
  full_name: Swinbank, A. M.
  last_name: Swinbank
- first_name: Ian
  full_name: Smail, Ian
  last_name: Smail
- first_name: Richard
  full_name: Bower, Richard
  last_name: Bower
- first_name: Philip N.
  full_name: Best, Philip N.
  last_name: Best
- first_name: Ray M.
  full_name: Sharples, Ray M.
  last_name: Sharples
- first_name: James E.
  full_name: Geach, James E.
  last_name: Geach
- first_name: Jorryt J
  full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
  id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
  last_name: Matthee
  orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
citation:
  ama: Stott JP, Sobral D, Swinbank AM, et al. A relationship between specific star
    formation rate and metallicity gradient within z ∼ 1 galaxies from KMOS-HiZELS.
    <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. 2014;443(3):2695-2704.
    doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1343">10.1093/mnras/stu1343</a>
  apa: Stott, J. P., Sobral, D., Swinbank, A. M., Smail, I., Bower, R., Best, P. N.,
    … Matthee, J. J. (2014). A relationship between specific star formation rate and
    metallicity gradient within z ∼ 1 galaxies from KMOS-HiZELS. <i>Monthly Notices
    of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1343">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1343</a>
  chicago: Stott, John P., David Sobral, A. M. Swinbank, Ian Smail, Richard Bower,
    Philip N. Best, Ray M. Sharples, James E. Geach, and Jorryt J Matthee. “A Relationship
    between Specific Star Formation Rate and Metallicity Gradient within z ∼ 1 Galaxies
    from KMOS-HiZELS.” <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. Oxford
    University Press, 2014. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1343">https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1343</a>.
  ieee: J. P. Stott <i>et al.</i>, “A relationship between specific star formation
    rate and metallicity gradient within z ∼ 1 galaxies from KMOS-HiZELS,” <i>Monthly
    Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 443, no. 3. Oxford University
    Press, pp. 2695–2704, 2014.
  ista: Stott JP, Sobral D, Swinbank AM, Smail I, Bower R, Best PN, Sharples RM, Geach
    JE, Matthee JJ. 2014. A relationship between specific star formation rate and
    metallicity gradient within z ∼ 1 galaxies from KMOS-HiZELS. Monthly Notices of
    the Royal Astronomical Society. 443(3), 2695–2704.
  mla: Stott, John P., et al. “A Relationship between Specific Star Formation Rate
    and Metallicity Gradient within z ∼ 1 Galaxies from KMOS-HiZELS.” <i>Monthly Notices
    of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, vol. 443, no. 3, Oxford University Press,
    2014, pp. 2695–704, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu1343">10.1093/mnras/stu1343</a>.
  short: J.P. Stott, D. Sobral, A.M. Swinbank, I. Smail, R. Bower, P.N. Best, R.M.
    Sharples, J.E. Geach, J.J. Matthee, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
    Society 443 (2014) 2695–2704.
date_created: 2022-07-14T12:16:10Z
date_published: 2014-09-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-19T08:27:25Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/stu1343
extern: '1'
external_id:
  arxiv:
  - '1407.1047'
intvolume: '       443'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'galaxies: abundances'
- 'galaxies: evolution'
- 'galaxies: kinematics and dynamics'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.1047
month: '09'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 2695-2704
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1365-2966
  issn:
  - 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: A relationship between specific star formation rate and metallicity gradient
  within z ∼ 1 galaxies from KMOS-HiZELS
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 443
year: '2014'
...