---
_id: '11521'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'The cosmic ionizing emissivity from star-forming galaxies has long been anchored
to UV luminosity functions. Here, we introduce an emissivity framework based on
Lyα emitters (LAEs), which naturally hones in on the subset of galaxies responsible
for the ionizing background due to the intimate connection between production
and escape of Lyα and LyC photons. Using constraints on the escape fractions of
bright LAEs (LLyα > 0.2L*) at z ≈ 2 obtained from resolved Lyα profiles, and arguing
for their redshift-invariance, we show that: (i) quasars and LAEs together reproduce
the relatively flat emissivity at z ≈ 2–6, which is non-trivial given the strong
evolution in both the star formation density and quasar number density at these
epochs and (ii) LAEs produce late and rapid reionization between z ≈ 6−9 under
plausible assumptions. Within this framework, the >10 × rise in the UV population-averaged
fesc between z ≈ 3–7 naturally arises due to the same phenomena that drive the
growing LAE fraction with redshift. Generally, a LAE dominated emissivity yields
a peak in the distribution of the ionizing budget with UV luminosity as reported
in latest simulations. Using our adopted parameters (fesc=50 per cent, ξion
= 1025.9 Hz erg−1 for half the bright LAEs), a highly ionizing minority of galaxies
with MUV < −17 accounts for the entire ionizing budget from star-forming galaxies.
Rapid flashes of LyC from such rare galaxies produce a ‘disco’ ionizing background.
We conclude proposing tests to further develop our suggested Lyα-anchored formalism.'
acknowledgement: We thank an anonymous referee for an encouraging and constructive
report that helped improving the quality of this work. We acknowledge illuminating
conversations with Xiaohan Wu, Chris Cain, Anna-Christina Eilers, Simon Lilly and
Ruari Mackenzie. RPN gratefully acknowledges an Ashford Fellowship granted by Harvard
University. MG was supported by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51409.
PO acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation through the SNSF
Professorship grant 190079. GP acknowledges support from the Netherlands Research
School for Astronomy (NOVA). MH is fellow of the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation.
DE is supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) through Astronomy &
Astrophysics grant AST-1909198. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish
National Research Foundation under grant No. 140. RA acknowledges support from Fondecyt
Regular Grant 1202007. ST is supported by the 2021 Research Fund 1.210134.01 of
UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology). MLl acknowledges support
from the ANID/Scholarship Program/Doctorado Nacional/2019-21191036. JC acknowledges
support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, project PID2019-107408GB-C43
(ESTALLIDOS) and from Gobierno de Canarias through EU FEDER funding, project PID2020010050.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Rohan P.
full_name: Naidu, Rohan P.
last_name: Naidu
- first_name: Gabriele
full_name: Pezzulli, Gabriele
last_name: Pezzulli
- first_name: Max
full_name: Gronke, Max
last_name: Gronke
- first_name: David
full_name: Sobral, David
last_name: Sobral
- first_name: Pascal A.
full_name: Oesch, Pascal A.
last_name: Oesch
- first_name: Matthew
full_name: Hayes, Matthew
last_name: Hayes
- first_name: Dawn
full_name: Erb, Dawn
last_name: Erb
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Schaerer, Daniel
last_name: Schaerer
- first_name: Ricardo
full_name: Amorín, Ricardo
last_name: Amorín
- first_name: Sandro
full_name: Tacchella, Sandro
last_name: Tacchella
- first_name: Ana Paulino-Afonso
full_name: Ana Paulino-Afonso, Ana Paulino-Afonso
last_name: Ana Paulino-Afonso
- first_name: Mario
full_name: Llerena, Mario
last_name: Llerena
- first_name: João
full_name: Calhau, João
last_name: Calhau
- first_name: Huub
full_name: Röttgering, Huub
last_name: Röttgering
citation:
ama: 'Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Pezzulli G, et al. (Re)Solving reionization with Lyα:
How bright Lyα emitters account for the z ≈ 2 − 8 cosmic ionizing background.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2022;512(4):5960-5977.
doi:10.1093/mnras/stac801'
apa: 'Matthee, J. J., Naidu, R. P., Pezzulli, G., Gronke, M., Sobral, D., Oesch,
P. A., … Röttgering, H. (2022). (Re)Solving reionization with Lyα: How bright
Lyα emitters account for the z ≈ 2 − 8 cosmic ionizing background. Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac801'
chicago: 'Matthee, Jorryt J, Rohan P. Naidu, Gabriele Pezzulli, Max Gronke, David
Sobral, Pascal A. Oesch, Matthew Hayes, et al. “(Re)Solving Reionization with
Lyα: How Bright Lyα Emitters Account for the z ≈ 2 − 8 Cosmic Ionizing Background.”
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press,
2022. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac801.'
ieee: 'J. J. Matthee et al., “(Re)Solving reionization with Lyα: How bright
Lyα emitters account for the z ≈ 2 − 8 cosmic ionizing background,” Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 512, no. 4. Oxford University
Press, pp. 5960–5977, 2022.'
ista: 'Matthee JJ, Naidu RP, Pezzulli G, Gronke M, Sobral D, Oesch PA, Hayes M,
Erb D, Schaerer D, Amorín R, Tacchella S, Ana Paulino-Afonso AP-A, Llerena M,
Calhau J, Röttgering H. 2022. (Re)Solving reionization with Lyα: How bright Lyα
emitters account for the z ≈ 2 − 8 cosmic ionizing background. Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Society. 512(4), 5960–5977.'
mla: 'Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “(Re)Solving Reionization with Lyα: How Bright
Lyα Emitters Account for the z ≈ 2 − 8 Cosmic Ionizing Background.” Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 512, no. 4, Oxford University
Press, 2022, pp. 5960–77, doi:10.1093/mnras/stac801.'
short: J.J. Matthee, R.P. Naidu, G. Pezzulli, M. Gronke, D. Sobral, P.A. Oesch,
M. Hayes, D. Erb, D. Schaerer, R. Amorín, S. Tacchella, A.P.-A. Ana Paulino-Afonso,
M. Llerena, J. Calhau, H. Röttgering, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society 512 (2022) 5960–5977.
date_created: 2022-07-07T09:21:30Z
date_published: 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-18T10:42:47Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/stac801
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2110.11967'
intvolume: ' 512'
issue: '4'
keyword:
- 'galaxies: high-redshift'
- intergalactic medium
- 'cosmology: observations'
- dark ages
- reionization
- first stars
- 'ultraviolet: galaxies'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.11967
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 5960-5977
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-2966
issn:
- 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: '(Re)Solving reionization with Lyα: How bright Lyα emitters account for the
z ≈ 2 − 8 cosmic ionizing background'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 512
year: '2022'
...
---
_id: '11522'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The decline in abundance of Lyman-α (Lyα) emitting galaxies at z ≳ 6 is a
powerful and commonly used probe to constrain the progress of cosmic reionization.
We use the CODAII simulation, which is a radiation hydrodynamic simulation featuring
a box of ∼94 comoving Mpc side length, to compute the Lyα transmission properties
of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at z ∼ 5.8 to 7. Our results mainly confirm
previous studies, i.e. we find a declining Lyα transmission with redshift and
a large sightline-to-sightline variation. However, motivated by the recent discovery
of blue Lyα peaks at high redshift, we also analyse the IGM transmission on the
blue side, which shows a rapid decline at z ≳ 6 of the blue transmission. This
low transmission can be attributed not only to the presence of neutral regions
but also to the residual neutral hydrogen within ionized regions, for which a
density even as low as nHI∼10−9cm−3 (sometimes combined with kinematic effects)
leads to a significantly reduced visibility. Still, we find that ∼1 per cent of
sightlines towards M1600AB ∼ −21 galaxies at z ∼ 7 are transparent enough to allow
a transmission of a blue Lyα peak. We discuss our results in the context of the
interpretation of observations.
acknowledgement: The authors thank the referee for constructive feedback that improved
the outcome of this study. We are grateful to Antoinette Songaila Cowie for sharing
the ‘NEPLA4’ spectrum with us. This research has made use of NASA’s Astrophysics
Data System, and many open source projects such as trident (Hummels et al. 2017),
IPython (Pérez & Granger 2007), SciPy (Virtanen et al. 2019), NumPy (Walt et al.
2011), matplotlib (Hunter 2007), pandas (McKinney 2010), and the yt-project (Turk
et al. 2011). MG was supported by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant
HST-HF2-51409 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated
by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under
contract NAS5-26555. MG acknowledges support from NASA grants HST-GO-15643.017,
and HST-AR15797.001 as well as XSEDE grant TG-AST180036. CAM acknowledges support
by NASA Headquarters through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51413.001-A.
PRS was supported in part by U.S. NSF grant AST-1009799, NASA grant NNX11AE09G,
and supercomputer resources from NSF XSEDE grant TG AST090005 and the Texas Advanced
Computing Center (TACC) at The University of Texas at Austin. JM acknowledges a
Zwicky Prize Fellowship from ETH Zurich. GY acknowledges financial support by MICIU/FEDER
under project grant PGC2018-094975-C21. SEIB acknowledges funding from the European
Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme (grant agreement No. 669253). ITI was supported by the Science and Technology
Facilities Council [grants ST/I000976/1, ST/F002858/1, ST/P000525/1, and ST/T000473/1];
and The Southeast Physics Network (SEPNet). KA was supported by NRF2016R1D1A1B04935414
and NRF-2016R1A5A1013277. KA also appreciates APCTP for its hospitality during completion
of this work. PO acknowledges support from the French ANR funded project ORAGE (ANR-14-CE33-0016).
ND and DA acknowledge funding from the French ANR for project ANR-12-JS05- 0001
(EMMA). The CoDa II simulation was performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory/Oak
Ridge Leadership Computing Facility on the Titan supercomputer (INCITE 2016 award
AST031). Processing was performed on the Eos and Rhea clusters. Resolution study
simulations were performed on Piz Daint at the Swiss National Supercomputing Center
(PRACE Tier 0 award, project id pr37). The authors would like to acknowledge the
High Performance Computing center of the University of Strasbourg for supporting
this work by providing scientific support and access to computing resources. Part
of the computing resources were funded by the Equipex EquipMeso project (Programme
Investissements d’Avenir) and the CPER Alsacalcul/Big Data.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Max
full_name: Gronke, Max
last_name: Gronke
- first_name: Pierre
full_name: Ocvirk, Pierre
last_name: Ocvirk
- first_name: Charlotte
full_name: Mason, Charlotte
last_name: Mason
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Sarah E I
full_name: Bosman, Sarah E I
last_name: Bosman
- first_name: Jenny G
full_name: Sorce, Jenny G
last_name: Sorce
- first_name: Joseph
full_name: Lewis, Joseph
last_name: Lewis
- first_name: Kyungjin
full_name: Ahn, Kyungjin
last_name: Ahn
- first_name: Dominique
full_name: Aubert, Dominique
last_name: Aubert
- first_name: Taha
full_name: Dawoodbhoy, Taha
last_name: Dawoodbhoy
- first_name: Ilian T
full_name: Iliev, Ilian T
last_name: Iliev
- first_name: Paul R
full_name: Shapiro, Paul R
last_name: Shapiro
- first_name: Gustavo
full_name: Yepes, Gustavo
last_name: Yepes
citation:
ama: Gronke M, Ocvirk P, Mason C, et al. Lyman-α transmission properties of the
intergalactic medium in the CoDaII simulation. Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society. 2021;508(3):3697-3709. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2762
apa: Gronke, M., Ocvirk, P., Mason, C., Matthee, J. J., Bosman, S. E. I., Sorce,
J. G., … Yepes, G. (2021). Lyman-α transmission properties of the intergalactic
medium in the CoDaII simulation. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2762
chicago: Gronke, Max, Pierre Ocvirk, Charlotte Mason, Jorryt J Matthee, Sarah E
I Bosman, Jenny G Sorce, Joseph Lewis, et al. “Lyman-α Transmission Properties
of the Intergalactic Medium in the CoDaII Simulation.” Monthly Notices of the
Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2762.
ieee: M. Gronke et al., “Lyman-α transmission properties of the intergalactic
medium in the CoDaII simulation,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society, vol. 508, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 3697–3709, 2021.
ista: Gronke M, Ocvirk P, Mason C, Matthee JJ, Bosman SEI, Sorce JG, Lewis J, Ahn
K, Aubert D, Dawoodbhoy T, Iliev IT, Shapiro PR, Yepes G. 2021. Lyman-α transmission
properties of the intergalactic medium in the CoDaII simulation. Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Society. 508(3), 3697–3709.
mla: Gronke, Max, et al. “Lyman-α Transmission Properties of the Intergalactic Medium
in the CoDaII Simulation.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
vol. 508, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2021, pp. 3697–709, doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2762.
short: M. Gronke, P. Ocvirk, C. Mason, J.J. Matthee, S.E.I. Bosman, J.G. Sorce,
J. Lewis, K. Ahn, D. Aubert, T. Dawoodbhoy, I.T. Iliev, P.R. Shapiro, G. Yepes,
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 508 (2021) 3697–3709.
date_created: 2022-07-07T09:30:21Z
date_published: 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-18T10:45:56Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/stab2762
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2004.14496'
intvolume: ' 508'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- dark ages
- reionization
- first stars
- intergalactic medium
- 'galaxies: formation'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.14496
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 3697-3709
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-2966
issn:
- 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Lyman-α transmission properties of the intergalactic medium in the CoDaII simulation
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 508
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '11523'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We present the first results from the X-SHOOTER Lyman α survey at z = 2 (XLS-z2).
XLS-z2 is a deep spectroscopic survey of 35 Lyman α emitters (LAEs) utilizing
≈90 h of exposure time with Very Large Telescope/X-SHOOTER and covers rest-frame
Ly α to H α emission with R ≈ 4000. We present the sample selection, the observations,
and the data reduction. Systemic redshifts are measured from rest-frame optical
lines for 33/35 sources. In the stacked spectrum, our LAEs are characterized by
an interstellar medium with little dust, a low metallicity, and a high ionization
state. The ionizing sources are young hot stars that power strong emission lines
in the optical and high-ionization lines in the ultraviolet (UV). The LAEs exhibit
clumpy UV morphologies and have outflowing kinematics with blueshifted Si II absorption,
a broad [O III] component, and a red-skewed Ly α line. Typically, 30 per cent
of the Ly α photons escape, of which one quarter on the blue side of the systemic
velocity. A fraction of Ly α photons escape directly at the systemic suggesting
clear channels enabling an ≈10 per cent escape of ionizing photons, consistent
with an inference based on Mg II. A combination of a low effective H I column
density, a low dust content, and young starburst determines whether a star-forming
galaxy is observed as an LAE. The first is possibly related to outflows and/or
a fortunate viewing angle, while we find that the latter two in LAEs are typical
for their stellar mass of 109 M⊙.
acknowledgement: "We thank the referee for constructive comments and suggestions.
We thank Dawn Erb, Ruari Mackenzie, Ivan Oteo, Ryan Sanders, and Johannes Zabl for
useful discussions and suggestions. It is a pleasure to thank the ESO User Support,
in particular Giacomo Beccari, Carlo Manara, John Pritchard, Marina Rejkuba, and
Lowell Tacconi-Garman for assistance in the preparation and execution of the observations.
Based on observations obtained with the VLT, programs 084.A-0303, 088.A-0672, 091.A-0413,
091.A-0546, 092.A0774, 097.A-0153, 098.A-0819, 099.A-0758, 099.A-0254, 101.B0779,
and 102.A-0652. Based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes
at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under ESO programme ID 179.A-2005 and on data
products produced by CALET and the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit on behalf of
the UltraVISTA consortium. Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA HST through
programs 9133, 9367, 11694, and 12471, and obtained from the Hubble Legacy Archive,
which is a collaboration between the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI/NASA),
the Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility (ST-ECF/ESA), and the Canadian
Astronomy Data Centre (CADC/NRC/CSA). This work is based on observations taken by
the CANDELS Multi-Cycle Treasury Program with the NASA/ESA HST, which is operated
by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract
NAS5-26555. MG was supported by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51409
and acknowledges support from HST grants\r\nHST-GO-15643.017-A, HST-AR-15039.003-A,
and XSEDE grant TG-AST180036. GP acknowledges support from the Netherlands Research
School for Astronomy (NOVA). RA acknowledges the support of ANID FONDECYT Regular
Grant 1202007. We gratefully acknowledge the PYTHON programming language, its NUMPY,
MATPLOTLIB, SCIPY, LMFIT (Jones et al. 2001; Hunter 2007; van der Walt, Colbert
& Varoquaux 2011), PANDAS (McKinney 2010), and ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration 2013)
packages, and the TOPCAT analysis tool (Taylor 2013). Dedicated to the memory of
A. C. J.Matthee (1953–2020)."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: David
full_name: Sobral, David
last_name: Sobral
- first_name: Matthew
full_name: Hayes, Matthew
last_name: Hayes
- first_name: Gabriele
full_name: Pezzulli, Gabriele
last_name: Pezzulli
- first_name: Max
full_name: Gronke, Max
last_name: Gronke
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Schaerer, Daniel
last_name: Schaerer
- first_name: Rohan P
full_name: Naidu, Rohan P
last_name: Naidu
- first_name: Huub
full_name: Röttgering, Huub
last_name: Röttgering
- first_name: João
full_name: Calhau, João
last_name: Calhau
- first_name: Ana
full_name: Paulino-Afonso, Ana
last_name: Paulino-Afonso
- first_name: Sérgio
full_name: Santos, Sérgio
last_name: Santos
- first_name: Ricardo
full_name: Amorín, Ricardo
last_name: Amorín
citation:
ama: 'Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Hayes M, et al. The X-SHOOTER Lyman α survey at z =
2 (XLS-z2) I: What makes a galaxy a Lyman α emitter? Monthly Notices of the
Royal Astronomical Society. 2021;505(1):1382-1412. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1304'
apa: 'Matthee, J. J., Sobral, D., Hayes, M., Pezzulli, G., Gronke, M., Schaerer,
D., … Amorín, R. (2021). The X-SHOOTER Lyman α survey at z = 2 (XLS-z2) I: What
makes a galaxy a Lyman α emitter? Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1304'
chicago: 'Matthee, Jorryt J, David Sobral, Matthew Hayes, Gabriele Pezzulli, Max
Gronke, Daniel Schaerer, Rohan P Naidu, et al. “The X-SHOOTER Lyman α Survey at
z = 2 (XLS-Z2) I: What Makes a Galaxy a Lyman α Emitter?” Monthly Notices of
the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1304.'
ieee: 'J. J. Matthee et al., “The X-SHOOTER Lyman α survey at z = 2 (XLS-z2)
I: What makes a galaxy a Lyman α emitter?,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society, vol. 505, no. 1. Oxford University Press, pp. 1382–1412, 2021.'
ista: 'Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Hayes M, Pezzulli G, Gronke M, Schaerer D, Naidu RP,
Röttgering H, Calhau J, Paulino-Afonso A, Santos S, Amorín R. 2021. The X-SHOOTER
Lyman α survey at z = 2 (XLS-z2) I: What makes a galaxy a Lyman α emitter? Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 505(1), 1382–1412.'
mla: 'Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “The X-SHOOTER Lyman α Survey at z = 2 (XLS-Z2)
I: What Makes a Galaxy a Lyman α Emitter?” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society, vol. 505, no. 1, Oxford University Press, 2021, pp. 1382–412, doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1304.'
short: J.J. Matthee, D. Sobral, M. Hayes, G. Pezzulli, M. Gronke, D. Schaerer, R.P.
Naidu, H. Röttgering, J. Calhau, A. Paulino-Afonso, S. Santos, R. Amorín, Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 505 (2021) 1382–1412.
date_created: 2022-07-07T09:33:39Z
date_published: 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-18T10:49:00Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/stab1304
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2102.07779'
intvolume: ' 505'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'galaxies: formation'
- 'galaxies: ISM'
- 'galaxies: starburst'
- dark ages
- reionization
- first stars
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.07779
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 1382-1412
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-2966
issn:
- 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The X-SHOOTER Lyman α survey at z = 2 (XLS-z2) I: What makes a galaxy a Lyman
α emitter?'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 505
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '11503'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Context. The Lyα emitter (LAE) fraction, XLAE, is a potentially powerful
probe of the evolution of the intergalactic neutral hydrogen gas fraction. However,
uncertainties in the measurement of XLAE are still under debate.\r\nAims. Thanks
to deep data obtained with the integral field spectrograph Multi Unit Spectroscopic
Explorer (MUSE), we can measure the evolution of the LAE fraction homogeneously
over a wide redshift range of z ≈ 3–6 for UV-faint galaxies (down to UV magnitudes
of M1500 ≈ −17.75). This is a significantly fainter range than in former studies
(M1500 ≤ −18.75) and it allows us to probe the bulk of the population of high-redshift
star-forming galaxies.\r\nMethods. We constructed a UV-complete photometric-redshift
sample following UV luminosity functions and measured the Lyα emission with MUSE
using the latest (second) data release from the MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey.\r\nResults.
We derived the redshift evolution of XLAE for M1500 ∈ [ − 21.75; −17.75] for the
first time with a equivalent width range EW(Lyα) ≥ 65 Å and found low values of
XLAE ≲ 30% at z ≲ 6. The best-fit linear relation is XLAE = 0.07+0.06−0.03z −
0.22+0.12−0.24. For M1500 ∈ [ − 20.25; −18.75] and EW(Lyα) ≥ 25 Å, our XLAE values
are consistent with those in the literature within 1σ at z ≲ 5, but our median
values are systematically lower than reported values over the whole redshift range.
In addition, we do not find a significant dependence of XLAE on M1500 for EW(Lyα)
≥ 50 Å at z ≈ 3–4, in contrast with previous work. The differences in XLAE mainly
arise from selection biases for Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) in the literature:
UV-faint LBGs are more easily selected if they have strong Lyα emission, hence
XLAE is biased towards higher values when those samples are used.\r\nConclusions.
Our results suggest either a lower increase of XLAE towards z ≈ 6 than previously
suggested, or even a turnover of XLAE at z ≈ 5.5, which may be the signature of
a late or patchy reionization process. We compared our results with predictions
from a cosmological galaxy evolution model. We find that a model with a bursty
star formation (SF) can reproduce our observed LAE fractions much better than
models where SF is a smooth function of time."
acknowledgement: We thank the anonymous referee for constructive comments and suggestions.
We would like to express our gratitude to Stephane De Barros and Pablo Arrabal Haro
for kindly providing their data plotted in Figs. 1, 2, and 8. We are grateful to
Kazuhiro Shimasaku, Masami Ouchi, Rieko Momose, Daniel Schaerer, Hidenobu Yajima,
Taku Okamura, Makoto Ando, and Hinako Goto for giving insightful comments and suggestions.
This work is based on observations taken by VLT, which is operated by European Southern
Observatory. This research made use of Astropy (http://www.astropy.org), which is
a community-developed core Python package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration 2013,
2018), MARZ, MPDAF, and matplotlib (Hunter 2007). H.K. acknowledges support from
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through the JSPS Research Fellowship
for Young Scientists and Overseas Challenge Program for Young Researchers. AV acknowledges
support from the ERC starting grant 757258-TRIPLE and the SNF Professorship 176808-TRIPLE.
This work was supported by the project FOGHAR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche,
ANR-13-BS05-0010-02). JB acknowledges support from the ORAGE project from the Agence
Nationale de la Recherche under grant ANR-14-CE33-0016-03. JR acknowledges support
from the ERC starting grant 336736-CALENDS. T. H. acknowledges supports by the Grant-inAid
for Scientic Research 19J01620.
article_number: A12
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Haruka
full_name: Kusakabe, Haruka
last_name: Kusakabe
- first_name: Jérémy
full_name: Blaizot, Jérémy
last_name: Blaizot
- first_name: Thibault
full_name: Garel, Thibault
last_name: Garel
- first_name: Anne
full_name: Verhamme, Anne
last_name: Verhamme
- first_name: Roland
full_name: Bacon, Roland
last_name: Bacon
- first_name: Johan
full_name: Richard, Johan
last_name: Richard
- first_name: Takuya
full_name: Hashimoto, Takuya
last_name: Hashimoto
- first_name: Hanae
full_name: Inami, Hanae
last_name: Inami
- first_name: Simon
full_name: Conseil, Simon
last_name: Conseil
- first_name: Bruno
full_name: Guiderdoni, Bruno
last_name: Guiderdoni
- first_name: Alyssa B.
full_name: Drake, Alyssa B.
last_name: Drake
- first_name: Edmund
full_name: Christian Herenz, Edmund
last_name: Christian Herenz
- first_name: Joop
full_name: Schaye, Joop
last_name: Schaye
- first_name: Pascal
full_name: Oesch, Pascal
last_name: Oesch
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Raffaella
full_name: Anna Marino, Raffaella
last_name: Anna Marino
- first_name: Kasper
full_name: Borello Schmidt, Kasper
last_name: Borello Schmidt
- first_name: Roser
full_name: Pelló, Roser
last_name: Pelló
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Maseda, Michael
last_name: Maseda
- first_name: Floriane
full_name: Leclercq, Floriane
last_name: Leclercq
- first_name: Josephine
full_name: Kerutt, Josephine
last_name: Kerutt
- first_name: Guillaume
full_name: Mahler, Guillaume
last_name: Mahler
citation:
ama: 'Kusakabe H, Blaizot J, Garel T, et al. The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey:
XIV. Evolution of the Lyα emitter fraction from z = 3 to z = 6. Astronomy &
Astrophysics. 2020;638. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201937340'
apa: 'Kusakabe, H., Blaizot, J., Garel, T., Verhamme, A., Bacon, R., Richard, J.,
… Mahler, G. (2020). The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey: XIV. Evolution of
the Lyα emitter fraction from z = 3 to z = 6. Astronomy & Astrophysics.
EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937340'
chicago: 'Kusakabe, Haruka, Jérémy Blaizot, Thibault Garel, Anne Verhamme, Roland
Bacon, Johan Richard, Takuya Hashimoto, et al. “The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field
Survey: XIV. Evolution of the Lyα Emitter Fraction from z = 3 to z = 6.” Astronomy
& Astrophysics. EDP Sciences, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937340.'
ieee: 'H. Kusakabe et al., “The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey: XIV.
Evolution of the Lyα emitter fraction from z = 3 to z = 6,” Astronomy &
Astrophysics, vol. 638. EDP Sciences, 2020.'
ista: 'Kusakabe H, Blaizot J, Garel T, Verhamme A, Bacon R, Richard J, Hashimoto
T, Inami H, Conseil S, Guiderdoni B, Drake AB, Christian Herenz E, Schaye J, Oesch
P, Matthee JJ, Anna Marino R, Borello Schmidt K, Pelló R, Maseda M, Leclercq F,
Kerutt J, Mahler G. 2020. The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey: XIV. Evolution
of the Lyα emitter fraction from z = 3 to z = 6. Astronomy & Astrophysics.
638, A12.'
mla: 'Kusakabe, Haruka, et al. “The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey: XIV. Evolution
of the Lyα Emitter Fraction from z = 3 to z = 6.” Astronomy & Astrophysics,
vol. 638, A12, EDP Sciences, 2020, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201937340.'
short: H. Kusakabe, J. Blaizot, T. Garel, A. Verhamme, R. Bacon, J. Richard, T.
Hashimoto, H. Inami, S. Conseil, B. Guiderdoni, A.B. Drake, E. Christian Herenz,
J. Schaye, P. Oesch, J.J. Matthee, R. Anna Marino, K. Borello Schmidt, R. Pelló,
M. Maseda, F. Leclercq, J. Kerutt, G. Mahler, Astronomy & Astrophysics 638
(2020).
date_created: 2022-07-06T09:50:48Z
date_published: 2020-06-03T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-19T09:35:20Z
day: '03'
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201937340
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2003.12083'
intvolume: ' 638'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'dark ages / reionization / first stars / early Universe / cosmology: observations
/ galaxies: evolution / galaxies: high-redshift / intergalactic medium'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.12083
month: '06'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1432-0746
issn:
- 0004-6361
publication_status: published
publisher: EDP Sciences
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey: XIV. Evolution of the Lyα emitter
fraction from z = 3 to z = 6'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 638
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '11529'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: CR7 is among the most luminous Ly α emitters (LAEs) known at z = 6.6 and consists
of at least three UV components that are surrounded by Ly α emission. Previous
studies have suggested that it may host an extreme ionizing source. Here, we present
deep integral field spectroscopy of CR7 with VLT/Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer
(MUSE). We measure extended emission with a similar halo scale length as typical
LAEs at z ≈ 5. CR7’s Ly α halo is clearly elongated along the direction connecting
the multiple components, likely tracing the underlying gas distribution. The Ly α
emission originates almost exclusively from the brightest UV component, but we
also identify a faint kinematically distinct Ly α emitting region nearby a fainter
component. Combined with new near-infrared data, the MUSE data show that the rest-frame
Ly α equivalent width (EW) is ≈100 Å. This is a factor 4 higher than the EW measured
in low-redshift analogues with carefully matched Ly α profiles (and thus arguably
H I column density), but this EW can plausibly be explained by star formation.
Alternative scenarios requiring active galactic nucleus (AGN) powering are also
disfavoured by the narrower and steeper Ly α spectrum and much smaller IR to UV
ratio compared to obscured AGN in other Ly α blobs. CR7’s Ly α emission, while
extremely luminous, resembles the emission in more common LAEs at lower redshifts
very well and is likely powered by a young metal-poor starburst.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Gabriele
full_name: Pezzulli, Gabriele
last_name: Pezzulli
- first_name: Ruari
full_name: Mackenzie, Ruari
last_name: Mackenzie
- first_name: Sebastiano
full_name: Cantalupo, Sebastiano
last_name: Cantalupo
- first_name: Haruka
full_name: Kusakabe, Haruka
last_name: Kusakabe
- first_name: Floriane
full_name: Leclercq, Floriane
last_name: Leclercq
- first_name: David
full_name: Sobral, David
last_name: Sobral
- first_name: Johan
full_name: Richard, Johan
last_name: Richard
- first_name: Lutz
full_name: Wisotzki, Lutz
last_name: Wisotzki
- first_name: Simon
full_name: Lilly, Simon
last_name: Lilly
- first_name: Leindert
full_name: Boogaard, Leindert
last_name: Boogaard
- first_name: Raffaella
full_name: Marino, Raffaella
last_name: Marino
- first_name: Michael
full_name: Maseda, Michael
last_name: Maseda
- first_name: Themiya
full_name: Nanayakkara, Themiya
last_name: Nanayakkara
citation:
ama: 'Matthee JJ, Pezzulli G, Mackenzie R, et al. The nature of CR7 revealed with
MUSE: A young starburst powering extended Ly α emission at z = 6.6. Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2020;498(2):3043-3059. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2550'
apa: 'Matthee, J. J., Pezzulli, G., Mackenzie, R., Cantalupo, S., Kusakabe, H.,
Leclercq, F., … Nanayakkara, T. (2020). The nature of CR7 revealed with MUSE:
A young starburst powering extended Ly α emission at z = 6.6. Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2550'
chicago: 'Matthee, Jorryt J, Gabriele Pezzulli, Ruari Mackenzie, Sebastiano Cantalupo,
Haruka Kusakabe, Floriane Leclercq, David Sobral, et al. “The Nature of CR7 Revealed
with MUSE: A Young Starburst Powering Extended Ly α Emission at z = 6.6.” Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2550.'
ieee: 'J. J. Matthee et al., “The nature of CR7 revealed with MUSE: A young
starburst powering extended Ly α emission at z = 6.6,” Monthly Notices of the
Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 498, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp.
3043–3059, 2020.'
ista: 'Matthee JJ, Pezzulli G, Mackenzie R, Cantalupo S, Kusakabe H, Leclercq F,
Sobral D, Richard J, Wisotzki L, Lilly S, Boogaard L, Marino R, Maseda M, Nanayakkara
T. 2020. The nature of CR7 revealed with MUSE: A young starburst powering extended
Ly α emission at z = 6.6. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 498(2),
3043–3059.'
mla: 'Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “The Nature of CR7 Revealed with MUSE: A Young
Starburst Powering Extended Ly α Emission at z = 6.6.” Monthly Notices of the
Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 498, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2020,
pp. 3043–59, doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2550.'
short: J.J. Matthee, G. Pezzulli, R. Mackenzie, S. Cantalupo, H. Kusakabe, F. Leclercq,
D. Sobral, J. Richard, L. Wisotzki, S. Lilly, L. Boogaard, R. Marino, M. Maseda,
T. Nanayakkara, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 498 (2020) 3043–3059.
date_created: 2022-07-07T10:36:01Z
date_published: 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-18T11:04:05Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa2550
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '2008.01731'
intvolume: ' 498'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'galaxies: evolution'
- 'galaxies: high-redshift'
- dark ages
- reionization
- first stars
- 'cosmology: observations'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.01731
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 3043-3059
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-2966
issn:
- 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The nature of CR7 revealed with MUSE: A young starburst powering extended
Ly α emission at z = 6.6'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 498
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '11534'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: The observed properties of the Lyman-α (Ly α) emission line are a powerful
probe of neutral gas in and around galaxies. We present spatially resolved Ly α
spectroscopy with VLT/MUSE targeting VR7, a UV-luminous galaxy at z = 6.532 with
moderate Ly α equivalent width (EW0 ≈ 38 Å). These data are combined with deep
resolved [CII]158μm spectroscopy obtained with ALMA and UV imaging from HST and
we also detect UV continuum with MUSE. Ly α emission is clearly detected with
S/N ≈ 40 and FWHM of 374 km s−1. Ly α and [C II] are similarly extended beyond
the UV, with effective radius reff = 2.1 ± 0.2 kpc for a single exponential model
or reff,Lyα,halo=3.45+1.08−0.87 kpc when measured jointly with the UV continuum.
The Ly α profile is broader and redshifted with respect to the [C II] line (by
213 km s−1), but there are spatial variations that are qualitatively similar in
both lines and coincide with resolved UV components. This suggests that the emission
originates from two components with plausibly different H I column densities.
We place VR7 in the context of other galaxies at similar and lower redshift. The
Ly α halo scale length is similar at different redshifts and velocity shifts with
respect to the systemic are typically smaller. Overall, we find little indications
of a more neutral vicinity at higher redshift. This means that the local (∼10 kpc)
neutral gas conditions that determine the observed Ly α properties in VR7 resemble
the conditions in post-reionization galaxies.
acknowledgement: 'We thank the referee for their suggestions and constructive comments
that helped to improve the presentation of our results. Based on observations obtained
with the Very Large Telescope, program 99.A-0462. Based on observations made with
the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute,
which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy,
Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with program
#14699. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2017.1.01451.S.
ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA), and NINS
(Japan), together with NRC (Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan) and KASI (Republic
of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory
is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ. MG acknowledges support from NASA grant
NNX17AK58G. GP and SC gratefully acknowledge support from Swiss National Science
Foundation grant PP00P2 163824. BD acknowledges financial support from the National
Science Foundation, grant number 1716907. We have benefited greatly from the public
available programming language PYTHON, including the NUMPY, MATPLOTLIB, SCIPY (Jones
et al. 2001; Hunter 2007; van der Walt, Colbert & Varoquaux 2011) and ASTROPY (Astropy
Collaboration 2013) packages, the astronomical imaging tools SEXTRACTOR, SWARP,
and SCAMP (Bertin & Arnouts 1996; Bertin 2006, 2010) and the TOPCAT analysis tool
(Taylor 2013).'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: David
full_name: Sobral, David
last_name: Sobral
- first_name: Max
full_name: Gronke, Max
last_name: Gronke
- first_name: Gabriele
full_name: Pezzulli, Gabriele
last_name: Pezzulli
- first_name: Sebastiano
full_name: Cantalupo, Sebastiano
last_name: Cantalupo
- first_name: Huub
full_name: Röttgering, Huub
last_name: Röttgering
- first_name: Behnam
full_name: Darvish, Behnam
last_name: Darvish
- first_name: Sérgio
full_name: Santos, Sérgio
last_name: Santos
citation:
ama: Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Gronke M, et al. Resolved Lyman-α properties of a luminous
Lyman-break galaxy in a large ionized bubble at z = 6.53 . Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2020;492(2):1778-1790. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3554
apa: Matthee, J. J., Sobral, D., Gronke, M., Pezzulli, G., Cantalupo, S., Röttgering,
H., … Santos, S. (2020). Resolved Lyman-α properties of a luminous Lyman-break
galaxy in a large ionized bubble at z = 6.53 . Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3554
chicago: Matthee, Jorryt J, David Sobral, Max Gronke, Gabriele Pezzulli, Sebastiano
Cantalupo, Huub Röttgering, Behnam Darvish, and Sérgio Santos. “Resolved Lyman-α
Properties of a Luminous Lyman-Break Galaxy in a Large Ionized Bubble at z = 6.53
.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University
Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3554.
ieee: J. J. Matthee et al., “Resolved Lyman-α properties of a luminous Lyman-break
galaxy in a large ionized bubble at z = 6.53 ,” Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society, vol. 492, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp. 1778–1790,
2020.
ista: Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Gronke M, Pezzulli G, Cantalupo S, Röttgering H, Darvish
B, Santos S. 2020. Resolved Lyman-α properties of a luminous Lyman-break galaxy
in a large ionized bubble at z = 6.53 . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society. 492(2), 1778–1790.
mla: Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “Resolved Lyman-α Properties of a Luminous Lyman-Break
Galaxy in a Large Ionized Bubble at z = 6.53 .” Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society, vol. 492, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2020, pp.
1778–90, doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3554.
short: J.J. Matthee, D. Sobral, M. Gronke, G. Pezzulli, S. Cantalupo, H. Röttgering,
B. Darvish, S. Santos, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 492 (2020)
1778–1790.
date_created: 2022-07-07T12:21:36Z
date_published: 2020-02-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-18T11:29:53Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/stz3554
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1909.06376'
intvolume: ' 492'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'galaxies: evolution'
- 'galaxies: high-redshift'
- dark ages
- reionization
- first stars
- 'cosmology: observations'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.06376
month: '02'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 1778-1790
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-2966
issn:
- 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Resolved Lyman-α properties of a luminous Lyman-break galaxy in a large ionized
bubble at z = 6.53 '
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 492
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '11505'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "Contact. This paper presents the results obtained with the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic
Explorer (MUSE) at the ESO Very Large Telescope on the faint end of the Lyman-alpha
luminosity function (LF) based on deep observations of four lensing clusters.
The goal of our project is to set strong constraints on the relative contribution
of the Lyman-alpha emitter (LAE) population to cosmic reionization.\r\n\r\nAims.
The precise aim of the present study is to further constrain the abundance of
LAEs by taking advantage of the magnification provided by lensing clusters to
build a blindly selected sample of galaxies which is less biased than current
blank field samples in redshift and luminosity. By construction, this sample of
LAEs is complementary to those built from deep blank fields, whether observed
by MUSE or by other facilities, and makes it possible to determine the shape of
the LF at fainter levels, as well as its evolution with redshift.\r\n\r\nMethods.
We selected a sample of 156 LAEs with redshifts between 2.9 ≤ z ≤ 6.7 and magnification-corrected
luminosities in the range 39 ≲ log LLyα [erg s−1] ≲43. To properly take into account
the individual differences in detection conditions between the LAEs when computing
the LF, including lensing configurations, and spatial and spectral morphologies,
the non-parametric 1/Vmax method was adopted. The price to pay to benefit from
magnification is a reduction of the effective volume of the survey, together with
a more complex analysis procedure to properly determine the effective volume Vmax
for each galaxy. In this paper we present a complete procedure for the determination
of the LF based on IFU detections in lensing clusters. This procedure, including
some new methods for masking, effective volume integration and (individual) completeness
determinations, has been fully automated when possible, and it can be easily generalized
to the analysis of IFU observations in blank fields.\r\n\r\nResults. As a result
of this analysis, the Lyman-alpha LF has been obtained in four different redshift
bins: 2.9 < z < 6, 7, 2.9 < z < 4.0, 4.0 < z < 5.0, and 5.0 < z < 6.7
with constraints down to log LLyα = 40.5. From our data only, no significant evolution
of LF mean slope can be found. When performing a Schechter analysis also including
data from the literature to complete the present sample towards the brightest
luminosities, a steep faint end slope was measured varying from α = −1.69−0.08+0.08
to α = −1.87−0.12+0.12 between the lowest and the highest redshift bins.\r\n\r\nConclusions.
The contribution of the LAE population to the star formation rate density at z ∼ 6
is ≲50% depending on the luminosity limit considered, which is of the same order
as the Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) contribution. The evolution of the LAE contribution
with redshift depends on the assumed escape fraction of Lyman-alpha photons, and
appears to slightly increase with increasing redshift when this fraction is conservatively
set to one. Depending on the intersection between the LAE/LBG populations, the
contribution of the observed galaxies to the ionizing flux may suffice to keep
the universe ionized at z ∼ 6."
acknowledgement: We thank the anonymous referee for their critical review and useful
suggestions. This work has been carried out thanks to the support of the OCEVU Labex
(ANR-11-LABX-0060) and the A*MIDEX project (ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02) funded by the “Investissements
d’Avenir” French government programme managed by the ANR. Partially funded by the
ERC starting grant CALENDS (JR, VP, BC, JM), the Agence Nationale de la recherche
bearing the reference ANR-13-BS05-0010-02 (FOGHAR), and the “Programme National
de Cosmologie and Galaxies” (PNCG) of CNRS/INSU, France. GdV, RP, JR, GM, JM, BC,
and VP also acknowledge support by the Programa de Cooperacion Cientifica – ECOS
SUD Program C16U02. NL acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant
agreement No 669253), ABD acknowledges support from the ERC advanced grant “Cosmic
Gas”. LW acknowledges support by the Competitive Fund of the Leibniz Association
through grant SAW-2015-AIP-2, and TG acknowledges support from the European Research
Council under grant agreement ERC-stg-757258 (TRIPLE).. Based on observations made
with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme IDs 060.A-9345,
094.A-0115, 095.A-0181, 096.A-0710, 097.A0269, 100.A-0249, and 294.A-5032. Also
based on observations obtained with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, retrieved
from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) at the Space Telescope Science
Institute (STScI). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research
in Astronomy, Inc. under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. This research made use of Astropy,
a community-developed core Python package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration 2013).
All plots in this paper were created using Matplotlib (Hunter 2007).
article_number: A3
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: G.
full_name: de La Vieuville, G.
last_name: de La Vieuville
- first_name: D.
full_name: Bina, D.
last_name: Bina
- first_name: R.
full_name: Pello, R.
last_name: Pello
- first_name: G.
full_name: Mahler, G.
last_name: Mahler
- first_name: J.
full_name: Richard, J.
last_name: Richard
- first_name: A. B.
full_name: Drake, A. B.
last_name: Drake
- first_name: E. C.
full_name: Herenz, E. C.
last_name: Herenz
- first_name: F. E.
full_name: Bauer, F. E.
last_name: Bauer
- first_name: B.
full_name: Clément, B.
last_name: Clément
- first_name: D.
full_name: Lagattuta, D.
last_name: Lagattuta
- first_name: N.
full_name: Laporte, N.
last_name: Laporte
- first_name: J.
full_name: Martinez, J.
last_name: Martinez
- first_name: V.
full_name: Patrício, V.
last_name: Patrício
- first_name: L.
full_name: Wisotzki, L.
last_name: Wisotzki
- first_name: J.
full_name: Zabl, J.
last_name: Zabl
- first_name: R. J.
full_name: Bouwens, R. J.
last_name: Bouwens
- first_name: T.
full_name: Contini, T.
last_name: Contini
- first_name: T.
full_name: Garel, T.
last_name: Garel
- first_name: B.
full_name: Guiderdoni, B.
last_name: Guiderdoni
- first_name: R. A.
full_name: Marino, R. A.
last_name: Marino
- first_name: M. V.
full_name: Maseda, M. V.
last_name: Maseda
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: J.
full_name: Schaye, J.
last_name: Schaye
- first_name: G.
full_name: Soucail, G.
last_name: Soucail
citation:
ama: de La Vieuville G, Bina D, Pello R, et al. Faint end of the z ∼ 3–7 luminosity
function of Lyman-alpha emitters behind lensing clusters observed with MUSE. Astronomy
& Astrophysics. 2019;628. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834471
apa: de La Vieuville, G., Bina, D., Pello, R., Mahler, G., Richard, J., Drake, A.
B., … Soucail, G. (2019). Faint end of the z ∼ 3–7 luminosity function of Lyman-alpha
emitters behind lensing clusters observed with MUSE. Astronomy & Astrophysics.
EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834471
chicago: La Vieuville, G. de, D. Bina, R. Pello, G. Mahler, J. Richard, A. B. Drake,
E. C. Herenz, et al. “Faint End of the z ∼ 3–7 Luminosity Function of Lyman-Alpha
Emitters behind Lensing Clusters Observed with MUSE.” Astronomy & Astrophysics.
EDP Sciences, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834471.
ieee: G. de La Vieuville et al., “Faint end of the z ∼ 3–7 luminosity function
of Lyman-alpha emitters behind lensing clusters observed with MUSE,” Astronomy
& Astrophysics, vol. 628. EDP Sciences, 2019.
ista: de La Vieuville G, Bina D, Pello R, Mahler G, Richard J, Drake AB, Herenz
EC, Bauer FE, Clément B, Lagattuta D, Laporte N, Martinez J, Patrício V, Wisotzki
L, Zabl J, Bouwens RJ, Contini T, Garel T, Guiderdoni B, Marino RA, Maseda MV,
Matthee JJ, Schaye J, Soucail G. 2019. Faint end of the z ∼ 3–7 luminosity function
of Lyman-alpha emitters behind lensing clusters observed with MUSE. Astronomy
& Astrophysics. 628, A3.
mla: de La Vieuville, G., et al. “Faint End of the z ∼ 3–7 Luminosity Function of
Lyman-Alpha Emitters behind Lensing Clusters Observed with MUSE.” Astronomy
& Astrophysics, vol. 628, A3, EDP Sciences, 2019, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834471.
short: G. de La Vieuville, D. Bina, R. Pello, G. Mahler, J. Richard, A.B. Drake,
E.C. Herenz, F.E. Bauer, B. Clément, D. Lagattuta, N. Laporte, J. Martinez, V.
Patrício, L. Wisotzki, J. Zabl, R.J. Bouwens, T. Contini, T. Garel, B. Guiderdoni,
R.A. Marino, M.V. Maseda, J.J. Matthee, J. Schaye, G. Soucail, Astronomy &
Astrophysics 628 (2019).
date_created: 2022-07-06T10:09:36Z
date_published: 2019-07-25T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-19T09:36:31Z
day: '25'
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201834471
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1905.13696'
intvolume: ' 628'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'gravitational lensing: strong / galaxies: high-redshift / dark ages'
- reionization
- 'first stars / galaxies: clusters: general / galaxies: luminosity function'
- mass function
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.13696
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1432-0746
issn:
- 0004-6361
publication_status: published
publisher: EDP Sciences
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Faint end of the z ∼ 3–7 luminosity function of Lyman-alpha emitters behind
lensing clusters observed with MUSE
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 628
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '11541'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We present new Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/WFC3 observations and re-analyse
VLT data to unveil the continuum, variability, and rest-frame ultraviolet (UV)
lines of the multiple UV clumps of the most luminous Lyα emitter at z = 6.6, CR7
(COSMOS Redshift 7). Our re-reduced, flux-calibrated X-SHOOTER spectra of CR7
reveal an He II emission line in observations obtained along the major axis of
Lyα emission with the best seeing conditions. He II is spatially offset by ≈+0.8
arcsec from the peak of Lyα emission, and it is found towards clump B. Our WFC3
grism spectra detects the UV continuum of CR7’s clump A, yielding a power law
with β=−2.5+0.6−0.7 and MUV=−21.87+0.25−0.20. No significant variability is found
for any of the UV clumps on their own, but there is tentative (≈2.2 σ) brightening
of CR7 in F110W as a whole from 2012 to 2017. HST grism data fail to robustly
detect rest-frame UV lines in any of the clumps, implying fluxes ≲2×10−17 erg s−1 cm−2
(3σ). We perform CLOUDY modelling to constrain the metallicity and the ionizing
nature of CR7. CR7 seems to be actively forming stars without any clear active
galactic nucleus activity in clump A, consistent with a metallicity of ∼0.05–0.2 Z⊙.
Component C or an interclump component between B and C may host a high ionization
source. Our results highlight the need for spatially resolved information to study
the formation and assembly of early galaxies.
acknowledgement: We thank the anonymous reviewer for the numerous detailed comments
that led us to greatly improve the quality, extent, and statistical robustness of
this work. DS acknowledges financial support from the Netherlands Organisation for
Scientific research through a Veni fellowship. JM acknowledges the support of a
Huygens PhD fellowship from Leiden University. AF acknowledges support from the
ERC Advanced Grant INTERSTELLAR H2020/740120. BD acknowledges financial support
from NASA through the Astrophysics Data Analysis Program, grant number NNX12AE20G
and the National Science Foundation, grant number 1716907. We are thankful for several
discussions and constructive comments from Johannes Zabl, Eros Vanzella, Bo Milvang-Jensen,
Henry McCracken, Max Gronke, Mark Dijkstra, Richard Ellis, and Nicolas Laporte.
We also thank Umar Burhanudin and Izzy Garland for taking part in the XGAL internship
in Lancaster and for exploring the HST grism data independently. Based on observations
obtained with HST/WFC3 programs 12578, 14495, and 14596. Based on observations of
the National Japanese Observatory with the Suprime-Cam on the Subaru telescope (S14A-086)
on the big island of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced
at TERAPIX available at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre as part of the Canada–France–Hawaii
Telescope Legacy Survey, a collaborative project of NRC and CNRS. Based on data
products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory
under ESO programme IDs 294.A-5018, 294.A-5039, 092.A 0786, 093.A-0561, 097.A0043,
097.A-0943, 098.A-0819, 298.A-5012, and 179.A-2005, and on data products produced
by TERAPIX and the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit on behalf of the UltraVISTA consortium.
The authors acknowledge the award of service time (SW2014b20) on the William Herschel
Telescope (WHT). WHT and its service programme are operated on the island of La
Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos
of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. This research was supported by the
Munich Institute for Astro- and Particle Physics of the DFG cluster of excellence
‘Origin and Structure of the Universe’. We have benefitted immensely from the public
available programming language PYTHON, including NUMPY and SCIPY (Jones et al. 2001;
Van Der Walt, Colbert & Varoquaux 2011), MATPLOTLIB (Hunter 2007), ASTROPY (Astropy
Collaboration et al. 2013), and the TOPCAT analysis program (Taylor 2013). This
research has made use of the VizieR catalogue access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France.
All data used for this paper are publicly available, and we make all reduced data
available with the refereed paper.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: David
full_name: Sobral, David
last_name: Sobral
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Gabriel
full_name: Brammer, Gabriel
last_name: Brammer
- first_name: Andrea
full_name: Ferrara, Andrea
last_name: Ferrara
- first_name: Lara
full_name: Alegre, Lara
last_name: Alegre
- first_name: Huub
full_name: Röttgering, Huub
last_name: Röttgering
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Schaerer, Daniel
last_name: Schaerer
- first_name: Bahram
full_name: Mobasher, Bahram
last_name: Mobasher
- first_name: Behnam
full_name: Darvish, Behnam
last_name: Darvish
citation:
ama: Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Brammer G, et al. On the nature and physical conditions
of the luminous Ly α emitter CR7 and its rest-frame UV components. Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2019;482(2):2422-2441. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2779
apa: Sobral, D., Matthee, J. J., Brammer, G., Ferrara, A., Alegre, L., Röttgering,
H., … Darvish, B. (2019). On the nature and physical conditions of the luminous
Ly α emitter CR7 and its rest-frame UV components. Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2779
chicago: Sobral, David, Jorryt J Matthee, Gabriel Brammer, Andrea Ferrara, Lara
Alegre, Huub Röttgering, Daniel Schaerer, Bahram Mobasher, and Behnam Darvish.
“On the Nature and Physical Conditions of the Luminous Ly α Emitter CR7 and Its
Rest-Frame UV Components.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Oxford University Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2779.
ieee: D. Sobral et al., “On the nature and physical conditions of the luminous
Ly α emitter CR7 and its rest-frame UV components,” Monthly Notices of the
Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 482, no. 2. Oxford University Press, pp.
2422–2441, 2019.
ista: Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Brammer G, Ferrara A, Alegre L, Röttgering H, Schaerer
D, Mobasher B, Darvish B. 2019. On the nature and physical conditions of the luminous
Ly α emitter CR7 and its rest-frame UV components. Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society. 482(2), 2422–2441.
mla: Sobral, David, et al. “On the Nature and Physical Conditions of the Luminous
Ly α Emitter CR7 and Its Rest-Frame UV Components.” Monthly Notices of the
Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 482, no. 2, Oxford University Press, 2019,
pp. 2422–41, doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2779.
short: D. Sobral, J.J. Matthee, G. Brammer, A. Ferrara, L. Alegre, H. Röttgering,
D. Schaerer, B. Mobasher, B. Darvish, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society 482 (2019) 2422–2441.
date_created: 2022-07-08T10:40:05Z
date_published: 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-19T06:49:36Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/sty2779
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1710.08422'
intvolume: ' 482'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'galaxies: evolution'
- 'galaxies: high-redshift'
- 'galaxies: ISM'
- 'cosmology: observations'
- dark ages
- reionization
- first stars
- early Universe
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.08422
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 2422-2441
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-2966
issn:
- 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: On the nature and physical conditions of the luminous Ly α emitter CR7 and
its rest-frame UV components
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 482
year: '2019'
...
---
_id: '11508'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: Distant luminous Lyman-α emitters (LAEs) are excellent targets for spectroscopic
observations of galaxies in the epoch of reionisation (EoR). We present deep high-resolution
(R = 5000) VLT/X-shooter observations, along with an extensive collection of photometric
data of COLA1, a proposed double peaked LAE at z = 6.6. We rule out the possibility
that COLA1’s emission line is an [OII] doublet at z = 1.475 on the basis of i)
the asymmetric red line-profile and flux ratio of the peaks (blue/red=0.31 ± 0.03)
and ii) an unphysical [OII]/Hα ratio ([OII]/Hα > 22). We show that COLA1’s observed
B-band flux is explained by a faint extended foreground LAE, for which we detect
Lyα and [OIII] at z = 2.142. We thus conclude that COLA1 is a real double-peaked
LAE at z = 6.593, the first discovered at z > 6. COLA1 is UV luminous (M1500 = −21.6 ± 0.3),
has a high equivalent width (EW0,Lyα = 120−40+50 Å) and very compact Lyα emission
(r50,Lyα = 0.33−0.04+0.07 kpc). Relatively weak inferred Hβ+[OIII] line-emission
from Spitzer/IRAC indicates an extremely low metallicity of Z < 1/20 Z⊙ or reduced
strength of nebular lines due to high escape of ionising photons. The small Lyα
peak separation of 220 ± 20 km s−1 implies a low HI column density and an ionising
photon escape fraction of ≈15 − 30%, providing the first direct evidence that
such galaxies contribute actively to the reionisation of the Universe at z > 6.
Based on simple estimates, we find that COLA1 could have provided just enough
photons to reionise its own ≈0.3 pMpc (2.3 cMpc) bubble, allowing the blue Lyα
line to be observed. However, we also discuss alternative scenarios explaining
the detected double peaked nature of COLA1. Our results show that future high-resolution
observations of statistical samples of double peaked LAEs at z > 5 are a promising
probe of the occurrence of ionised regions around galaxies in the EoR.
acknowledgement: JM acknowledges the award of a Huygens PhD fellowship from Leiden
University. MG acknowledges support from NASA grant NNX17AK58G. APA, PhD::SPACE
fellow, acknowledges support from the FCT through the fellowship PD/BD/52706/2014.
Based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory
under programme IDs 294.A-5018, 098.A-0819, 099.A-0254 and 0100.A-0213. We are grateful
for the excellent data-sets from the COSMOS and UltraVISTA survey teams. This research
was supported by the Munich Institute for Astro- and Particle Physics (MIAPP) of
the DFG cluster of excellence “Origin and Structure of the Universe”. We thank the
referee for their comments that improved the paper. We also thank Christoph Behrens,
Len Cowie, Koki Kakiichi, Peter Laursen, Charlotte Mason, Eros Vanzella, Lewis Weinberger
and Johannes Zabl for discussions. We have benefited from the public available programming
language Python, including the numpy, matplotlib, scipy and astropy packages (Hunter
2007; Astropy Collaboration 2013), the astronomical imaging tools Swarp (Bertin
2010) and ds9 and the Topcat analysis tool (Taylor 2013).
article_number: A136
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: David
full_name: Sobral, David
last_name: Sobral
- first_name: Max
full_name: Gronke, Max
last_name: Gronke
- first_name: Ana
full_name: Paulino-Afonso, Ana
last_name: Paulino-Afonso
- first_name: Mauro
full_name: Stefanon, Mauro
last_name: Stefanon
- first_name: Huub
full_name: Röttgering, Huub
last_name: Röttgering
citation:
ama: 'Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Gronke M, Paulino-Afonso A, Stefanon M, Röttgering H.
Confirmation of double peaked Lyα emission at z = 6.593: Witnessing a galaxy directly
contributing to the reionisation of the universe. Astronomy & Astrophysics.
2018;619. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833528'
apa: 'Matthee, J. J., Sobral, D., Gronke, M., Paulino-Afonso, A., Stefanon, M.,
& Röttgering, H. (2018). Confirmation of double peaked Lyα emission at z =
6.593: Witnessing a galaxy directly contributing to the reionisation of the universe.
Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833528'
chicago: 'Matthee, Jorryt J, David Sobral, Max Gronke, Ana Paulino-Afonso, Mauro
Stefanon, and Huub Röttgering. “Confirmation of Double Peaked Lyα Emission at
z = 6.593: Witnessing a Galaxy Directly Contributing to the Reionisation of the
Universe.” Astronomy & Astrophysics. EDP Sciences, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833528.'
ieee: 'J. J. Matthee, D. Sobral, M. Gronke, A. Paulino-Afonso, M. Stefanon, and
H. Röttgering, “Confirmation of double peaked Lyα emission at z = 6.593: Witnessing
a galaxy directly contributing to the reionisation of the universe,” Astronomy
& Astrophysics, vol. 619. EDP Sciences, 2018.'
ista: 'Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Gronke M, Paulino-Afonso A, Stefanon M, Röttgering
H. 2018. Confirmation of double peaked Lyα emission at z = 6.593: Witnessing a
galaxy directly contributing to the reionisation of the universe. Astronomy &
Astrophysics. 619, A136.'
mla: 'Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “Confirmation of Double Peaked Lyα Emission at
z = 6.593: Witnessing a Galaxy Directly Contributing to the Reionisation of the
Universe.” Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 619, A136, EDP Sciences,
2018, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833528.'
short: J.J. Matthee, D. Sobral, M. Gronke, A. Paulino-Afonso, M. Stefanon, H. Röttgering,
Astronomy & Astrophysics 619 (2018).
date_created: 2022-07-06T11:14:23Z
date_published: 2018-11-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-07-19T09:32:08Z
day: '19'
doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833528
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1805.11621'
intvolume: ' 619'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'galaxies: high-redshift / galaxies: formation / dark ages / reionization / first
stars / techniques: spectroscopic / intergalactic medium'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.11621
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
publication: Astronomy & Astrophysics
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1432-0746
issn:
- 0004-6361
publication_status: published
publisher: EDP Sciences
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Confirmation of double peaked Lyα emission at z = 6.593: Witnessing a galaxy
directly contributing to the reionisation of the universe'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 619
year: '2018'
...
---
_id: '11518'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: "We present spectroscopic follow-up observations of CR7 with ALMA, targeted
at constraining the infrared (IR) continuum and [C II]158 mm line-emission at
high spatial resolution matched to the HST/WFC3 imaging. CR7 is a luminous Lyα
emitting galaxy at z = 6.6 that consists of three separated UV-continuum components.
Our observations reveal several well-separated components of [C II] emission.
The two most luminous components in [C II] coincide with the brightest UV components
(A and B), blueshifted by »150 km s−1 with respect to the\r\npeak of Lyα emission.
Other [C II] components are observed close to UV clumps B and C and are blueshifted
by »300 and ≈80 km s−1 with respect to the systemic redshift. We do not detect
FIR continuum emission due to dust with a 3σ limiting luminosity LIR T L d 35
K 3.1 10 = <´ 10 ( ) . This allows us to mitigate uncertainties in the dust-corrected
SFR and derive SFRs for the three UV clumps A, B, and C of 28, 5, and 7 M yr−1.
All clumps have [C II] luminosities consistent within the scatter observed in
the local relation between SFR and L[ ] C II , implying that strong Lyα emission
does not necessarily anti-correlate with [C II] luminosity. Combining\r\nour measurements
with the literature, we show that galaxies with blue UV slopes have weaker [C
II] emission at fixed SFR, potentially due to their lower metallicities and/or
higher photoionization. Comparison with hydrodynamical simulations suggests that
CR7ʼs clumps have metallicities of 0.1 Z Z 0.2 < < . The observed ISM structure
of CR7 indicates that we are likely witnessing the build up of a central galaxy
in the early universe through complex accretion of satellites."
acknowledgement: 'We thank the referee for their constructive comments, which have
helped improve the quality and clarity of this work. We thank Raffaella Schneider
for comments on an earlier version of this paper. We thank Leindert Boogaard, Steven
Bos, Rychard Bouwens, and Renske Smit for discussions. J.M. acknowledges the support
of a Huygens PhD fellowship from Leiden University. D.S. acknowledges financial
support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific research (NWO) through
a Veni fellowship and from Lancaster University through an Early Career Internal
Grant A100679. A.F. acknowledges support from the ERC Advanced Grant INTERSTELLAR
H2020/740120. B.D. acknowledges financial support from NASA through the Astrophysics
Data Analysis Program (ADAP), grant number NNX12AE20G. Based on observations made
with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 294.A-5018.
This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2015.1.00122.S. ALMA
is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA), and NINS (Japan),
together with NRC (Canada) and NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea),
in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated
by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ.'
article_number: '145'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: D.
full_name: Sobral, D.
last_name: Sobral
- first_name: F.
full_name: Boone, F.
last_name: Boone
- first_name: H.
full_name: Röttgering, H.
last_name: Röttgering
- first_name: D.
full_name: Schaerer, D.
last_name: Schaerer
- first_name: M.
full_name: Girard, M.
last_name: Girard
- first_name: A.
full_name: Pallottini, A.
last_name: Pallottini
- first_name: L.
full_name: Vallini, L.
last_name: Vallini
- first_name: A.
full_name: Ferrara, A.
last_name: Ferrara
- first_name: B.
full_name: Darvish, B.
last_name: Darvish
- first_name: B.
full_name: Mobasher, B.
last_name: Mobasher
citation:
ama: Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Boone F, et al. ALMA reveals metals yet no dust within
multiple components in CR7. The Astrophysical Journal. 2017;851(2). doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931
apa: Matthee, J. J., Sobral, D., Boone, F., Röttgering, H., Schaerer, D., Girard,
M., … Mobasher, B. (2017). ALMA reveals metals yet no dust within multiple components
in CR7. The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931
chicago: Matthee, Jorryt J, D. Sobral, F. Boone, H. Röttgering, D. Schaerer, M.
Girard, A. Pallottini, et al. “ALMA Reveals Metals yet No Dust within Multiple
Components in CR7.” The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931.
ieee: J. J. Matthee et al., “ALMA reveals metals yet no dust within multiple
components in CR7,” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 851, no. 2. IOP Publishing,
2017.
ista: Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Boone F, Röttgering H, Schaerer D, Girard M, Pallottini
A, Vallini L, Ferrara A, Darvish B, Mobasher B. 2017. ALMA reveals metals yet
no dust within multiple components in CR7. The Astrophysical Journal. 851(2),
145.
mla: Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “ALMA Reveals Metals yet No Dust within Multiple
Components in CR7.” The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 851, no. 2, 145, IOP
Publishing, 2017, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931.
short: J.J. Matthee, D. Sobral, F. Boone, H. Röttgering, D. Schaerer, M. Girard,
A. Pallottini, L. Vallini, A. Ferrara, B. Darvish, B. Mobasher, The Astrophysical
Journal 851 (2017).
date_created: 2022-07-07T08:48:04Z
date_published: 2017-12-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-18T10:23:35Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa9931
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1709.06569'
intvolume: ' 851'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- dark ages
- reionization
- 'first stars – galaxies: formation – galaxies: high-redshift – galaxies: ISM – galaxies:
kinematics and dynamics'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.06569
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1538-4357
issn:
- 0004-637X
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: ALMA reveals metals yet no dust within multiple components in CR7
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 851
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '11564'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We study the production rate of ionizing photons of a sample of 588 Hα emitters
(HAEs) and 160 Lyman-α emitters (LAEs) at z = 2.2 in the COSMOS field in order
to assess the implied emissivity from galaxies, based on their ultraviolet (UV)
luminosity. By exploring the rest-frame Lyman Continuum (LyC) with GALEX/NUV data,
we find fesc < 2.8 (6.4) per cent through median (mean) stacking. By combining
the Hα luminosity density with intergalactic medium emissivity measurements from
absorption studies, we find a globally averaged 〈fesc〉 of 5.9+14.5−4.2 per cent
at z = 2.2 if we assume HAEs are the only source of ionizing photons. We find
similarly low values of the global 〈fesc〉 at z ≈ 3–5, also ruling out a high 〈fesc〉
at z < 5. These low escape fractions allow us to measure ξion, the number of produced
ionizing photons per unit UV luminosity, and investigate how this depends on galaxy
properties. We find a typical ξion ≈ 1024.77 ± 0.04 Hz erg−1 for HAEs and ξion
≈ 1025.14 ± 0.09 Hz erg−1 for LAEs. LAEs and low-mass HAEs at z = 2.2 show similar
values of ξion as typically assumed in the reionization era, while the typical
HAE is three times less ionizing. Due to an increasing ξion with increasing EW(Hα),
ξion likely increases with redshift. This evolution alone is fully in line with
the observed evolution of ξion between z ≈ 2 and 5, indicating a typical value
of ξion ≈ 1025.4 Hz erg−1 in the reionization era.
acknowledgement: "We thank the referee for the many helpful and constructive comments
which have significantly improved this paper. JM acknowledges the support of a Huygens
PhD fellowship from Leiden University. DS acknowledges financial support from the
Netherlands Organization for Scientific research (NWO) through a Veni fellowship
and from FCT through an FCT Investigator Starting Grant and Start-up Grant (IF/01154/2012/CP0189/CT0010).
PNB is grateful for support from the UK STFC via grant ST/M001229/1. IO acknowledges
support from the European Research Council in the form of the Advanced Investigator
Programme, 321302, COSMICISM. The authors thank Andreas Faisst, Michael Rutkowski
and Andreas Sandberg for answering questions related to this work and Daniel Schaerer
and Mark Dijkstra for discussions. We acknowledge the work that has been done by
both the COSMOS team in assembling such large, state-of-the-art multi-wavelength
data set, as this has been crucial for the results presented in this paper. We have
benefited greatly from the public available programming language PYTHON, including
the NUMPY, MATPLOTLIB, PYFITS, SCIPY (Jones et al. 2001; Hunter 2007; Van Der Walt,
Colbert & Varoquaux 2011) and ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013) packages,
the astronomical imaging tools SEXTRACTOR and SWARP (Bertin & Arnouts 1996;\r\nBertin
2010) and the TOPCAT analysis program (Taylor 2013)."
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: David
full_name: Sobral, David
last_name: Sobral
- first_name: Philip
full_name: Best, Philip
last_name: Best
- first_name: Ali Ahmad
full_name: Khostovan, Ali Ahmad
last_name: Khostovan
- first_name: Iván
full_name: Oteo, Iván
last_name: Oteo
- first_name: Rychard
full_name: Bouwens, Rychard
last_name: Bouwens
- first_name: Huub
full_name: Röttgering, Huub
last_name: Röttgering
citation:
ama: Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Best P, et al. The production and escape of Lyman-Continuum
radiation from star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2 and their redshift evolution. Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2017;465(3):3637-3655. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2973
apa: Matthee, J. J., Sobral, D., Best, P., Khostovan, A. A., Oteo, I., Bouwens,
R., & Röttgering, H. (2017). The production and escape of Lyman-Continuum
radiation from star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2 and their redshift evolution. Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2973
chicago: Matthee, Jorryt J, David Sobral, Philip Best, Ali Ahmad Khostovan, Iván
Oteo, Rychard Bouwens, and Huub Röttgering. “The Production and Escape of Lyman-Continuum
Radiation from Star-Forming Galaxies at z ∼ 2 and Their Redshift Evolution.” Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2973.
ieee: J. J. Matthee et al., “The production and escape of Lyman-Continuum
radiation from star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2 and their redshift evolution,” Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 465, no. 3. Oxford University
Press, pp. 3637–3655, 2017.
ista: Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Best P, Khostovan AA, Oteo I, Bouwens R, Röttgering
H. 2017. The production and escape of Lyman-Continuum radiation from star-forming
galaxies at z ∼ 2 and their redshift evolution. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society. 465(3), 3637–3655.
mla: Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “The Production and Escape of Lyman-Continuum Radiation
from Star-Forming Galaxies at z ∼ 2 and Their Redshift Evolution.” Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 465, no. 3, Oxford University
Press, 2017, pp. 3637–55, doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2973.
short: J.J. Matthee, D. Sobral, P. Best, A.A. Khostovan, I. Oteo, R. Bouwens, H.
Röttgering, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 465 (2017) 3637–3655.
date_created: 2022-07-12T12:12:14Z
date_published: 2017-03-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-19T07:53:04Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/stw2973
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1605.08782'
intvolume: ' 465'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'galaxies: evolution'
- 'galaxies: high-redshift'
- 'cosmology: observations'
- dark ages
- reionization
- first stars
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.08782
month: '03'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 3637-3655
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-2966
issn:
- 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: The production and escape of Lyman-Continuum radiation from star-forming galaxies
at z ∼ 2 and their redshift evolution
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 465
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '11572'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We present spectroscopic follow-up of candidate luminous Ly α emitters (LAEs)
at z = 5.7–6.6 in the SA22 field with VLT/X-SHOOTER. We confirm two new luminous
LAEs at z = 5.676 (SR6) and z = 6.532 (VR7), and also present HST follow-up of
both sources. These sources have luminosities LLy α ≈ 3 × 1043 erg s−1, very high
rest-frame equivalent widths of EW0 ≳ 200 Å and narrow Ly α lines (200–340 km s−1).
VR7 is the most UV-luminous LAE at z > 6.5, with M1500 = −22.5, even brighter
in the UV than CR7. Besides Ly α, we do not detect any other rest-frame UV lines
in the spectra of SR6 and VR7, and argue that rest-frame UV lines are easier to
observe in bright galaxies with low Ly α equivalent widths. We confirm that Ly α
line widths increase with Ly α luminosity at z = 5.7, while there are indications
that Ly α lines of faint LAEs become broader at z = 6.6, potentially due to reionization.
We find a large spread of up to 3 dex in UV luminosity for >L⋆ LAEs, but find
that the Ly α luminosity of the brightest LAEs is strongly related to UV luminosity
at z = 6.6. Under basic assumptions, we find that several LAEs at z ≈ 6–7 have
Ly α escape fractions ≳ 100 per cent, indicating bursty star formation histories,
alternative Ly α production mechanisms, or dust attenuating Ly α emission differently
than UV emission. Finally, we present a method to compute ξion, the production
efficiency of ionizing photons, and find that LAEs at z ≈ 6–7 have high values
of log10(ξion/Hz erg−1) ≈ 25.51 ± 0.09 that may alleviate the need for high Lyman-Continuum
escape fractions required for reionization.
acknowledgement: 'We thank the referee for a constructive report that has improved
the quality and clarity of this work. The authors thank Grecco Oyarzún for discussions.
JM acknowledges the support of a Huygens PhD fellowship from Leiden University.
DS acknowledges financial support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific
research (NWO) through a Veni fellowship and from Lancaster University through an
Early Career Internal Grant A100679. BD acknowledges financial support from NASA
through the Astrophysics Data Analysis Program (ADAP), grant number NNX12AE20G.
We thank Kasper Schmidt for providing measurements. Based on observations with the
W.M. Keck Observatory through programme C267D. The W.M. Keck Observatory is operated
as a scientific partnership amongst the California Institute of Technology, the
University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory
under programme IDs 097.A-0943, 294.A 5018 and 098.A-0819 and on data products produced
by TERAPIX and the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit on behalf of the UltraVISTA consortium.
The authors acknowledge the award of observing time (W16AN004) and of service time
(SW2014b20) on the William Herschel Telescope (WHT). WHT and its service programme
are operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the Spanish
Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias.
Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA HST, obtained (from the Data Archive)
at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of
Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These
observations are associated with programme #14699. We are grateful for the excellent
data sets from the COSMOS, UltraVISTA, SXDS, UDS and CFHTLS survey teams; without
these legacy surveys, this research would have been impossible. We have benefited
from the public available programming language PYTHON, including the NUMPY, MATPLOTLIB,
PYFITS, SCIPY and ASTROPY packages, the astronomical imaging tools SEXTRACTOR, SWARP
and SCAMP and the TOPCAT analysis tool (Taylor 2013).'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: David
full_name: Sobral, David
last_name: Sobral
- first_name: Behnam
full_name: Darvish, Behnam
last_name: Darvish
- first_name: Sérgio
full_name: Santos, Sérgio
last_name: Santos
- first_name: Bahram
full_name: Mobasher, Bahram
last_name: Mobasher
- first_name: Ana
full_name: Paulino-Afonso, Ana
last_name: Paulino-Afonso
- first_name: Huub
full_name: Röttgering, Huub
last_name: Röttgering
- first_name: Lara
full_name: Alegre, Lara
last_name: Alegre
citation:
ama: Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Darvish B, et al. Spectroscopic properties of luminous
Ly α emitters at z ≈ 6–7 and comparison to the Lyman-break population. Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2017;472(1):772-787. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2061
apa: Matthee, J. J., Sobral, D., Darvish, B., Santos, S., Mobasher, B., Paulino-Afonso,
A., … Alegre, L. (2017). Spectroscopic properties of luminous Ly α emitters at
z ≈ 6–7 and comparison to the Lyman-break population. Monthly Notices of the
Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2061
chicago: Matthee, Jorryt J, David Sobral, Behnam Darvish, Sérgio Santos, Bahram
Mobasher, Ana Paulino-Afonso, Huub Röttgering, and Lara Alegre. “Spectroscopic
Properties of Luminous Ly α Emitters at z ≈ 6–7 and Comparison to the Lyman-Break
Population.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford
University Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2061.
ieee: J. J. Matthee et al., “Spectroscopic properties of luminous Ly α emitters
at z ≈ 6–7 and comparison to the Lyman-break population,” Monthly Notices of
the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 472, no. 1. Oxford University Press,
pp. 772–787, 2017.
ista: Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Darvish B, Santos S, Mobasher B, Paulino-Afonso A, Röttgering
H, Alegre L. 2017. Spectroscopic properties of luminous Ly α emitters at z ≈ 6–7
and comparison to the Lyman-break population. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society. 472(1), 772–787.
mla: Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “Spectroscopic Properties of Luminous Ly α Emitters
at z ≈ 6–7 and Comparison to the Lyman-Break Population.” Monthly Notices of
the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 472, no. 1, Oxford University Press,
2017, pp. 772–87, doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2061.
short: J.J. Matthee, D. Sobral, B. Darvish, S. Santos, B. Mobasher, A. Paulino-Afonso,
H. Röttgering, L. Alegre, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 472
(2017) 772–787.
date_created: 2022-07-13T09:47:39Z
date_published: 2017-11-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-19T08:05:37Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/stx2061
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1706.06591'
intvolume: ' 472'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'galaxies: evolution – galaxies: high-redshift'
- dark ages
- reionization
- first stars
- 'cosmology: observations'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.06591
month: '11'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 772-787
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-2966
issn:
- 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Spectroscopic properties of luminous Ly α emitters at z ≈ 6–7 and comparison
to the Lyman-break population
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 472
year: '2017'
...
---
_id: '11574'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: We present new results from the widest narrow-band survey search for Lyα emitters
at z = 5.7, just after reionization. We survey a total of 7 deg2 spread over the
COSMOS, UDS and SA22 fields. We find over 11 000 line emitters, out of which 514
are robust Lyα candidates at z = 5.7 within a volume of 6.3 × 106 Mpc3. Our Lyα
emitters span a wide range in Lyα luminosities, from faint to bright (LLyα ∼ 1042.5–44
erg s−1) and rest-frame equivalent widths (EW0 ∼ 25–1000 Å) in a single, homogeneous
data set. By combining all our fields, we find that the faint end slope of the
z = 5.7 Lyα luminosity function is very steep, with α=−2.3+0.4−0.3. We also present
an updated z = 6.6 Lyα luminosity function, based on comparable volumes and obtained
with the same methods, which we directly compare with that at z = 5.7. We find
a significant decline of the number density of faint Lyα emitters from z = 5.7
to 6.6 (by 0.5 ± 0.1 dex), but no evolution at the bright end/no evolution in
L*. Faint Lyα emitters at z = 6.6 show much more extended haloes than those at
z = 5.7, suggesting that neutral Hydrogen plays an important role, increasing
the scattering and leading to observations missing faint Lyα emission within the
epoch of reionization. Altogether, our results suggest that we are observing patchy
reionization which happens first around the brightest Lyα emitters, allowing the
number densities of those sources to remain unaffected by the increase of neutral
Hydrogen fraction from z ∼ 5 to 7.
acknowledgement: 'We thank the anonymous referee for useful and constructive comments
and suggestions which greatly improved the quality and clarity of our work. The
authors acknowledge financial support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific
research (NWO) through a Veni fellowship. SS and DS acknowledge funding from FCT
through an FCT Investigator Starting Grant and Start-up Grant (IF/01154/2012/CP0189/CT0010).
SS also acknowledges support from FCT through the research grants UID/FIS/04434/2013
and PTDC/FIS-AST/2194/2012. JM acknowledges a Huygens PhD fellowship from Leiden
University. Based on observations with the Subaru Telescope (Program IDs: S05B-027,
S06A-025, S06B-010, S07A-013, S07B-008, S08B-008, S09A-017, S14A-086). Based on
observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under
programme ID 294.A-5018. Based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/Megacam,
a joint project of CFHT and CEA/IRFU, at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT)
which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut
National des Science de l’Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
(CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data
products produced at TERAPIX available at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre as
part of the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey, a collaborative project
of NRC and CNRS. Based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes
at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under ESO programme ID 179.A-2005 and on data
products produced by TERAPIX and the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit on behalf of
the UltraVISTA consortium. We are grateful to the CFHTLS, COSMOS-UltraVISTA, UKIDSS,
SXDF and COSMOS survey teams. Without these legacy surveys, this research would
have been impossible. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant
cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the
indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to
conduct and explore observations from this mountain. Finally, the authors acknowledge
the unique value of the publicly available programming language PYTHON, including
the NUMPY, PYFITS, MATPLOTLIB, SCIPY and ASTROPY (Astropy Collaboration et al.'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Sérgio
full_name: Santos, Sérgio
last_name: Santos
- first_name: David
full_name: Sobral, David
last_name: Sobral
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
citation:
ama: 'Santos S, Sobral D, Matthee JJ. The Lyα luminosity function at z= 5.7–6.6
and the steep drop of the faint end: Implications for reionization. Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2016;463(2):1678-1691. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2076'
apa: 'Santos, S., Sobral, D., & Matthee, J. J. (2016). The Lyα luminosity function
at z= 5.7–6.6 and the steep drop of the faint end: Implications for reionization.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2076'
chicago: 'Santos, Sérgio, David Sobral, and Jorryt J Matthee. “The Lyα Luminosity
Function at Z= 5.7–6.6 and the Steep Drop of the Faint End: Implications for Reionization.”
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press,
2016. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2076.'
ieee: 'S. Santos, D. Sobral, and J. J. Matthee, “The Lyα luminosity function at
z= 5.7–6.6 and the steep drop of the faint end: Implications for reionization,”
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 463, no. 2. Oxford
University Press, pp. 1678–1691, 2016.'
ista: 'Santos S, Sobral D, Matthee JJ. 2016. The Lyα luminosity function at z= 5.7–6.6
and the steep drop of the faint end: Implications for reionization. Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Society. 463(2), 1678–1691.'
mla: 'Santos, Sérgio, et al. “The Lyα Luminosity Function at Z= 5.7–6.6 and the
Steep Drop of the Faint End: Implications for Reionization.” Monthly Notices
of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 463, no. 2, Oxford University Press,
2016, pp. 1678–91, doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2076.'
short: S. Santos, D. Sobral, J.J. Matthee, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society 463 (2016) 1678–1691.
date_created: 2022-07-13T10:08:20Z
date_published: 2016-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-19T08:09:54Z
day: '01'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/stw2076
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1606.07435'
intvolume: ' 463'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'galaxies: high-redshift'
- 'galaxies: luminosity function'
- mass function
- 'cosmology: observations'
- dark ages
- reionization
- first stars
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.07435
month: '12'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 1678-1691
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-2966
issn:
- 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'The Lyα luminosity function at z= 5.7–6.6 and the steep drop of the faint
end: Implications for reionization'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 463
year: '2016'
...
---
_id: '11519'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Faint Lyα emitters become increasingly rarer toward the reionization epoch
(z ∼ 6–7). However, observations from a very large (∼5 deg2) Lyα narrow-band survey
at z = 6.6 show that this is not the case for the most luminous emitters, capable
of ionizing their own local bubbles. Here we present follow-up observations of
the two most luminous Lyα candidates in the COSMOS field: “MASOSA” and “CR7.”
We used X-SHOOTER, SINFONI, and FORS2 on the Very Large Telescope, and DEIMOS
on Keck, to confirm both candidates beyond any doubt. We find redshifts of z =
6.541 and z = 6.604 for “MASOSA” and “CR7,” respectively. MASOSA has a strong
detection in Lyα with a line width of 386 ± 30 km s−1 (FWHM) and with very high
EW0 (>200 Å), but undetected in the continuum, implying very low stellar mass
and a likely young, metal-poor stellar population. “CR7,” with an observed Lyα
luminosity of 1043.92±0.05 erg s−1 is the most luminous Lyα emitter ever found
at z > 6 and is spatially extended (∼16 kpc). “CR7” reveals a narrow Lyα line
with 266 ± 15 km s−1 FWHM, being detected in the near-infrared (NIR) (rest-frame
UV; β = −2.3 ± 0.1) and in IRAC/Spitzer. We detect a narrow He II 1640 Å emission
line (6σ, FWHM = 130 ± 30 km s−1 ) in CR7 which can explain the clear excess seen
in the J-band photometry (EW0 ∼ 80 Å). We find no other emission lines from the
UV to the NIR in our X-SHOOTER spectra (He II/O III] 1663 Å > 3 and He II/C III]
1908 Å > 2.5). We conclude that CR7 is best explained by a combination of a PopIII-like
population, which dominates the rest-frame UV and the nebular emission, and a
more normal stellar population, which presumably dominates the mass. Hubble Space
Telescope/WFC3 observations show that the light is indeed spatially separated
between a very blue component, coincident with Lyα and He II emission, and two
red components (∼5 kpc away), which dominate the mass. Our findings are consistent
with theoretical predictions of a PopIII wave, with PopIII star formation migrating
away from the original sites of star formation.'
acknowledgement: We thank the anonymous reviewer for useful and constructive comments
and suggestions which greatly improved the quality and clarity of our work. D.S.
acknowledges financial support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific
research (NWO) through a Veni fellowship, from FCT through a FCT Investigator Starting
Grant and Start-up Grant (IF/01154/2012/CP0189/CT0010), from FCT grant UID/FIS/04434/2013,
and from LSF and LKBF. J.M. acknowledges the award of a Huygens PhD fellowship.
H.R. acknowledges support from the ERC Advanced Investigator program NewClusters
321271. The authors thank Mark Dijkstra, Bhaskar Agarwal, Jarrett Johnson, Andrea
Ferrara, Jarle Brinchmann, Rebecca Bowler, George Becker, Emma Curtis-Lake, Milos
Milosavljevic, Raffaella Schneider, Paul Shapiro, and Erik Zackrisson for interesting,
stimulating and helpful discussions. The authors are extremely grateful to ESO for
the award of ESO DDT time (294.A-5018 and 294.A-5039) which allowed the spectroscopic
confirmation of both sources and the detailed investigation of their nature. Observations
are also based on data from W.M. Keck Observatory. The W.M. Keck Observatory is
operated as a scientific partnership of Caltech, the University of California and
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Based on observations obtained
with MegaPrime/Megacam, a joint project of CFHT and CEA/IRFU, at the Canada–France–Hawaii
Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada,
the Institut National des Science de lUnivers of the Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work is based
in part on data products produced at Terapix available at the Canadian Astronomy
Data Centre as part of the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey, a collaborative
project of NRC and CNRS. Based on data products from observations made with ESO
Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under ESO programme IDs 294.A-5018,
294.A-5039, and 179.A-2005, and on data products produced by TERAPIX and the Cambridge
Astronomy Survey Unit on behalf of the UltraVISTA consortium. The authors acknowledge
the award of service time (SW2014b20) on the William Herschel Telescope (WHT). WHT
and its service programme are operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton
Group in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de
Astrofisica de Canarias.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: David
full_name: Sobral, David
last_name: Sobral
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: Behnam
full_name: Darvish, Behnam
last_name: Darvish
- first_name: Daniel
full_name: Schaerer, Daniel
last_name: Schaerer
- first_name: Bahram
full_name: Mobasher, Bahram
last_name: Mobasher
- first_name: Huub
full_name: Röttgering, Huub
last_name: Röttgering
- first_name: Sérgio
full_name: Santos, Sérgio
last_name: Santos
- first_name: Shoubaneh
full_name: Hemmati, Shoubaneh
last_name: Hemmati
citation:
ama: 'Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Darvish B, et al. Evidence for PopIII-like stellar populations
in the most luminous Lyα emitters at the epoch of reionisation: Spectroscopic
confirmation. The Astrophysical Journal. 2015;808(2):139. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/808/2/139'
apa: 'Sobral, D., Matthee, J. J., Darvish, B., Schaerer, D., Mobasher, B., Röttgering,
H., … Hemmati, S. (2015). Evidence for PopIII-like stellar populations in the
most luminous Lyα emitters at the epoch of reionisation: Spectroscopic confirmation.
The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/808/2/139'
chicago: 'Sobral, David, Jorryt J Matthee, Behnam Darvish, Daniel Schaerer, Bahram
Mobasher, Huub Röttgering, Sérgio Santos, and Shoubaneh Hemmati. “Evidence for
PopIII-like Stellar Populations in the Most Luminous Lyα Emitters at the Epoch
of Reionisation: Spectroscopic Confirmation.” The Astrophysical Journal.
IOP Publishing, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/808/2/139.'
ieee: 'D. Sobral et al., “Evidence for PopIII-like stellar populations in
the most luminous Lyα emitters at the epoch of reionisation: Spectroscopic confirmation,”
The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 808, no. 2. IOP Publishing, p. 139, 2015.'
ista: 'Sobral D, Matthee JJ, Darvish B, Schaerer D, Mobasher B, Röttgering H, Santos
S, Hemmati S. 2015. Evidence for PopIII-like stellar populations in the most luminous
Lyα emitters at the epoch of reionisation: Spectroscopic confirmation. The Astrophysical
Journal. 808(2), 139.'
mla: 'Sobral, David, et al. “Evidence for PopIII-like Stellar Populations in the
Most Luminous Lyα Emitters at the Epoch of Reionisation: Spectroscopic Confirmation.”
The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 808, no. 2, IOP Publishing, 2015, p. 139,
doi:10.1088/0004-637X/808/2/139.'
short: D. Sobral, J.J. Matthee, B. Darvish, D. Schaerer, B. Mobasher, H. Röttgering,
S. Santos, S. Hemmati, The Astrophysical Journal 808 (2015) 139.
date_created: 2022-07-07T09:00:58Z
date_published: 2015-07-28T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-18T10:30:13Z
day: '28'
doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/808/2/139
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1504.01734'
intvolume: ' 808'
issue: '2'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- dark ages
- reionization
- 'first stars – early universe – galaxies: evolution'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1504.01734
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: '139'
publication: The Astrophysical Journal
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1538-4357
issn:
- 0004-637X
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'Evidence for PopIII-like stellar populations in the most luminous Lyα emitters
at the epoch of reionisation: Spectroscopic confirmation'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 808
year: '2015'
...
---
_id: '11583'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'Candidate galaxies at redshifts of z ∼ 10 are now being found in extremely
deep surveys, probing very small areas. As a consequence, candidates are very
faint, making spectroscopic confirmation practically impossible. In order to overcome
such limitations, we have undertaken the CF-HiZELS survey, which is a large-area,
medium-depth near-infrared narrow-band survey targeted at z = 8.8 Lyman α (Lyα)
emitters (LAEs) and covering 10 deg2 in part of the SSA22 field with the Canada–France–Hawaii
Telescope (CFHT). We surveyed a comoving volume of 4.7 × 106 Mpc3 to a Lyα luminosity
limit of 6.3 × 1043舁erg舁s−1. We look for Lyα candidates by applying the following
criteria: (i) clear emission-line source, (ii) no optical detections (ugriz from
CFHTLS), (iii) no visible detection in the optical stack (ugriz > 27), (iv) visually
checked reliable NBJ and J detections and (v) J − K ≤ 0. We compute photometric
redshifts and remove a significant amount of dusty lower redshift line-emitters
at z ∼ 1.4 or 2.2. A total of 13 Lyα candidates were found, of which two are marked
as strong candidates, but the majority have very weak constraints on their spectral
energy distributions. Using follow-up observations with SINFONI/VLT, we are able
to exclude the most robust candidates as LAEs. We put a strong constraint on the
Lyα luminosity function at z ∼ 9 and make realistic predictions for ongoing and
future surveys. Our results show that surveys for the highest redshift LAEs are
susceptible of multiple contaminations and that spectroscopic follow-up is absolutely
necessary.'
acknowledgement: We thank the anonymous referee for the comments and suggestions which
improved both the quality and clarity of this work. DS acknowledges financial support
from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) through a Veni fellowship.
IRS acknowledges support from STFC (ST/I001573/1), a Leverhulme Fellowship, the
ERC Advanced Investigator programme DUSTYGAL 321334 and a Royal Society/Wolfson
Merit Award. PNB acknowledges support from the Leverhulme Trust. JWK acknowledges
the support from the Creative Research Initiative Program, no. 2008- 0060544, of
the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Korean government
(MSIP). JPUF and BMJ acknowledge support from the ERC-StG grant EGGS-278202. The
Dark Cosmology Centre is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation. This
work is based in part on data obtained as part of the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey.
Based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of CFHT and
CEA/IRFU, at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the
National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Science de
l’Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France and
the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced at
Terapix available at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre as part of the Canada-France-Hawaii
Telescope Legacy Survey, a collaborative project of NRC and CNRS. This work was
only possible due to OPTICON/FP7 and the access that it granted to the CFHT telescope.
The authors also wish to acknowledge the CFHTLS and UKIDSS surveys for their excellent
legacy and complementary value – without such high-quality data sets, this research
would not have been possible.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
arxiv: 1
author:
- first_name: Jorryt J
full_name: Matthee, Jorryt J
id: 7439a258-f3c0-11ec-9501-9df22fe06720
last_name: Matthee
orcid: 0000-0003-2871-127X
- first_name: David
full_name: Sobral, David
last_name: Sobral
- first_name: A. M.
full_name: Swinbank, A. M.
last_name: Swinbank
- first_name: Ian
full_name: Smail, Ian
last_name: Smail
- first_name: P. N.
full_name: Best, P. N.
last_name: Best
- first_name: Jae-Woo
full_name: Kim, Jae-Woo
last_name: Kim
- first_name: Marijn
full_name: Franx, Marijn
last_name: Franx
- first_name: Bo
full_name: Milvang-Jensen, Bo
last_name: Milvang-Jensen
- first_name: Johan
full_name: Fynbo, Johan
last_name: Fynbo
citation:
ama: 'Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Swinbank AM, et al. A 10 deg2 Lyman α survey at z=8.8
with spectroscopic follow-up: Strong constraints on the luminosity function and
implications for other surveys. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
2014;440(3):2375-2387. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu392'
apa: 'Matthee, J. J., Sobral, D., Swinbank, A. M., Smail, I., Best, P. N., Kim,
J.-W., … Fynbo, J. (2014). A 10 deg2 Lyman α survey at z=8.8 with spectroscopic
follow-up: Strong constraints on the luminosity function and implications for
other surveys. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Oxford
University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu392'
chicago: 'Matthee, Jorryt J, David Sobral, A. M. Swinbank, Ian Smail, P. N. Best,
Jae-Woo Kim, Marijn Franx, Bo Milvang-Jensen, and Johan Fynbo. “A 10 Deg2 Lyman
α Survey at Z=8.8 with Spectroscopic Follow-up: Strong Constraints on the Luminosity
Function and Implications for Other Surveys.” Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society. Oxford University Press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu392.'
ieee: 'J. J. Matthee et al., “A 10 deg2 Lyman α survey at z=8.8 with spectroscopic
follow-up: Strong constraints on the luminosity function and implications for
other surveys,” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.
440, no. 3. Oxford University Press, pp. 2375–2387, 2014.'
ista: 'Matthee JJ, Sobral D, Swinbank AM, Smail I, Best PN, Kim J-W, Franx M, Milvang-Jensen
B, Fynbo J. 2014. A 10 deg2 Lyman α survey at z=8.8 with spectroscopic follow-up:
Strong constraints on the luminosity function and implications for other surveys.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 440(3), 2375–2387.'
mla: 'Matthee, Jorryt J., et al. “A 10 Deg2 Lyman α Survey at Z=8.8 with Spectroscopic
Follow-up: Strong Constraints on the Luminosity Function and Implications for
Other Surveys.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.
440, no. 3, Oxford University Press, 2014, pp. 2375–87, doi:10.1093/mnras/stu392.'
short: J.J. Matthee, D. Sobral, A.M. Swinbank, I. Smail, P.N. Best, J.-W. Kim, M.
Franx, B. Milvang-Jensen, J. Fynbo, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society 440 (2014) 2375–2387.
date_created: 2022-07-14T12:33:24Z
date_published: 2014-05-21T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2022-08-19T08:30:30Z
day: '21'
doi: 10.1093/mnras/stu392
extern: '1'
external_id:
arxiv:
- '1402.6697'
intvolume: ' 440'
issue: '3'
keyword:
- Space and Planetary Science
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- 'galaxies: evolution'
- 'galaxies: high-redshift'
- 'cosmology: observations'
- dark ages
- reionization
- first stars
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
url: https://arxiv.org/abs/1402.6697
month: '05'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: 2375-2387
publication: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
publication_identifier:
eissn:
- 1365-2966
issn:
- 0035-8711
publication_status: published
publisher: Oxford University Press
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: 'A 10 deg2 Lyman α survey at z=8.8 with spectroscopic follow-up: Strong constraints
on the luminosity function and implications for other surveys'
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 440
year: '2014'
...