@article{14628,
  abstract     = {We introduce a compact, intuitive procedural graph representation for cellular metamaterials, which are small-scale, tileable structures that can be architected to exhibit many useful material properties. Because the structures’ “architectures” vary widely—with elements such as beams, thin shells, and solid bulks—it is difficult to explore them using existing representations. Generic approaches like voxel grids are versatile, but it is cumbersome to represent and edit individual structures; architecture-specific approaches address these issues, but are incompatible with one another. By contrast, our procedural graph succinctly represents the construction process for any structure using a simple skeleton annotated with spatially varying thickness. To express the highly constrained triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) in this manner, we present the first fully automated version of the conjugate surface construction method, which allows novices to create complex TPMS from intuitive input. We demonstrate our representation’s expressiveness, accuracy, and compactness by constructing a wide range of established structures and hundreds of novel structures with diverse architectures and material properties. We also conduct a user study to verify our representation’s ease-of-use and ability to expand engineers’ capacity for exploration.},
  author       = {Makatura, Liane and Wang, Bohan and Chen, Yi-Lu and Deng, Bolei and Wojtan, Christopher J and Bickel, Bernd and Matusik, Wojciech},
  issn         = {0730-0301},
  journal      = {ACM Transactions on Graphics},
  keywords     = {Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design},
  number       = {5},
  publisher    = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  title        = {{Procedural metamaterials: A unified procedural graph for metamaterial design}},
  doi          = {10.1145/3605389},
  volume       = {42},
  year         = {2023},
}

@article{11993,
  abstract     = {Moulding refers to a set of manufacturing techniques in which a mould, usually a cavity or a solid frame, is used to shape a liquid or pliable material into an object of the desired shape. The popularity of moulding comes from its effectiveness, scalability and versatility in terms of employed materials. Its relevance as a fabrication process is demonstrated by the extensive literature covering different aspects related to mould design, from material flow simulation to the automation of mould geometry design. In this state-of-the-art report, we provide an extensive review of the automatic methods for the design of moulds, focusing on contributions from a geometric perspective. We classify existing mould design methods based on their computational approach and the nature of their target moulding process. We summarize the relationships between computational approaches and moulding techniques, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Finally, we discuss potential future research directions.},
  author       = {Alderighi, Thomas and Malomo, Luigi and Auzinger, Thomas and Bickel, Bernd and Cignoni, Paulo and Pietroni, Nico},
  issn         = {1467-8659},
  journal      = {Computer Graphics Forum},
  keywords     = {Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design},
  number       = {6},
  pages        = {435--452},
  publisher    = {Wiley},
  title        = {{State of the art in computational mould design}},
  doi          = {10.1111/cgf.14581},
  volume       = {41},
  year         = {2022},
}

@phdthesis{8366,
  abstract     = {Fabrication of curved shells plays an important role in modern design, industry, and science. Among their remarkable properties are, for example, aesthetics of organic shapes, ability to evenly distribute loads, or efficient flow separation. They find applications across vast length scales ranging from sky-scraper architecture to microscopic devices. But, at
the same time, the design of curved shells and their manufacturing process pose a variety of challenges. In this thesis, they are addressed from several perspectives. In particular, this thesis presents approaches based on the transformation of initially flat sheets into the target curved surfaces. This involves problems of interactive design of shells with nontrivial mechanical constraints, inverse design of complex structural materials, and data-driven modeling of delicate and time-dependent physical properties. At the same time, two newly-developed self-morphing mechanisms targeting flat-to-curved transformation are presented.
In architecture, doubly curved surfaces can be realized as cold bent glass panelizations. Originally flat glass panels are bent into frames and remain stressed. This is a cost-efficient fabrication approach compared to hot bending, when glass panels are shaped plastically. However such constructions are prone to breaking during bending, and it is highly
nontrivial to navigate the design space, keeping the panels fabricable and aesthetically pleasing at the same time. We introduce an interactive design system for cold bent glass façades, while previously even offline optimization for such scenarios has not been sufficiently developed. Our method is based on a deep learning approach providing quick
and high precision estimation of glass panel shape and stress while handling the shape
multimodality.
Fabrication of smaller objects of scales below 1 m, can also greatly benefit from shaping originally flat sheets. In this respect, we designed new self-morphing shell mechanisms transforming from an initial flat state to a doubly curved state with high precision and detail. Our so-called CurveUps demonstrate the encodement of the geometric information
into the shell. Furthermore, we explored the frontiers of programmable materials and showed how temporal information can additionally be encoded into a flat shell. This allows prescribing deformation sequences for doubly curved surfaces and, thus, facilitates self-collision avoidance enabling complex shapes and functionalities otherwise impossible.
Both of these methods include inverse design tools keeping the user in the design loop.},
  author       = {Guseinov, Ruslan},
  isbn         = {978-3-99078-010-7},
  issn         = {2663-337X},
  keywords     = {computer-aided design, shape modeling, self-morphing, mechanical engineering},
  pages        = {118},
  publisher    = {Institute of Science and Technology Austria},
  title        = {{Computational design of curved thin shells: From glass façades to programmable matter}},
  doi          = {10.15479/AT:ISTA:8366},
  year         = {2020},
}