---
_id: '10327'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Composite materials offer numerous advantages in a wide range of applications,
    including thermoelectrics. Here, semiconductor–metal composites are produced by
    just blending nanoparticles of a sulfide semiconductor obtained in aqueous solution
    and at room temperature with a metallic Cu powder. The obtained blend is annealed
    in a reducing atmosphere and afterward consolidated into dense polycrystalline
    pellets through spark plasma sintering (SPS). We observe that, during the annealing
    process, the presence of metallic copper activates a partial reduction of the
    PbS, resulting in the formation of PbS–Pb–CuxS composites. The presence of metallic
    lead during the SPS process habilitates the liquid-phase sintering of the composite.
    Besides, by comparing the transport properties of PbS, the PbS–Pb–CuxS composites,
    and PbS–CuxS composites obtained by blending PbS and CuxS nanoparticles, we demonstrate
    that the presence of metallic lead decisively contributes to a strong increase
    of the charge carrier concentration through spillover of charge carriers enabled
    by the low work function of lead. The increase in charge carrier concentration
    translates into much higher electrical conductivities and moderately lower Seebeck
    coefficients. These properties translate into power factors up to 2.1 mW m–1 K–2
    at ambient temperature, well above those of PbS and PbS + CuxS. Additionally,
    the presence of multiple phases in the final composite results in a notable decrease
    in the lattice thermal conductivity. Overall, the introduction of metallic copper
    in the initial blend results in a significant improvement of the thermoelectric
    performance of PbS, reaching a dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit ZT
    = 1.1 at 750 K, which represents about a 400% increase over bare PbS. Besides,
    an average ZTave = 0.72 in the temperature range 320–773 K is demonstrated.
acknowledgement: This work was supported by the European Regional Development Funds.
  M.L., Y.Z., X.H., and K.X. thank the China Scholarship Council for scholarship support.
  M. I. has been financially supported by IST Austria and the Werner Siemens Foundation.
  Y.L. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
  program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 754411. J.L. is a Serra
  Húnter fellow and is grateful to ICREA Academia program and projects MICINN/FEDER
  RTI2018-093996-B-C31 and GC 2017 SGR 128. ICN2 acknowledges funding from Generalitat
  de Catalunya 2017 SGR 327 and the Spanish MINECO project NANOGEN (PID2020-116093RB-C43).
  ICN2 was supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO (grant no. SEV-2017-0706)
  and was funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. X.H. thanks China
  Scholarship Council for scholarship support (201804910551). Part of the present
  work was performed in the framework of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Materials
  Science Ph.D. program.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Mengyao
  full_name: Li, Mengyao
  last_name: Li
- first_name: Yu
  full_name: Liu, Yu
  id: 2A70014E-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Liu
  orcid: 0000-0001-7313-6740
- first_name: Yu
  full_name: Zhang, Yu
  last_name: Zhang
- first_name: Xu
  full_name: Han, Xu
  last_name: Han
- first_name: Ke
  full_name: Xiao, Ke
  last_name: Xiao
- first_name: Mehran
  full_name: Nabahat, Mehran
  last_name: Nabahat
- first_name: Jordi
  full_name: Arbiol, Jordi
  last_name: Arbiol
- first_name: Jordi
  full_name: Llorca, Jordi
  last_name: Llorca
- first_name: Maria
  full_name: Ibáñez, Maria
  id: 43C61214-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Ibáñez
  orcid: 0000-0001-5013-2843
- first_name: Andreu
  full_name: Cabot, Andreu
  last_name: Cabot
citation:
  ama: Li M, Liu Y, Zhang Y, et al. PbS–Pb–CuxS composites for thermoelectric application.
    <i>ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces</i>. 2021;13(43):51373–51382. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c15609">10.1021/acsami.1c15609</a>
  apa: Li, M., Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Han, X., Xiao, K., Nabahat, M., … Cabot, A. (2021).
    PbS–Pb–CuxS composites for thermoelectric application. <i>ACS Applied Materials
    and Interfaces</i>. American Chemical Society . <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c15609">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c15609</a>
  chicago: Li, Mengyao, Yu Liu, Yu Zhang, Xu Han, Ke Xiao, Mehran Nabahat, Jordi Arbiol,
    Jordi Llorca, Maria Ibáñez, and Andreu Cabot. “PbS–Pb–CuxS Composites for Thermoelectric
    Application.” <i>ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces</i>. American Chemical Society
    , 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c15609">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c15609</a>.
  ieee: M. Li <i>et al.</i>, “PbS–Pb–CuxS composites for thermoelectric application,”
    <i>ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces</i>, vol. 13, no. 43. American Chemical
    Society , pp. 51373–51382, 2021.
  ista: Li M, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Han X, Xiao K, Nabahat M, Arbiol J, Llorca J, Ibáñez
    M, Cabot A. 2021. PbS–Pb–CuxS composites for thermoelectric application. ACS Applied
    Materials and Interfaces. 13(43), 51373–51382.
  mla: Li, Mengyao, et al. “PbS–Pb–CuxS Composites for Thermoelectric Application.”
    <i>ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces</i>, vol. 13, no. 43, American Chemical
    Society , 2021, pp. 51373–51382, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c15609">10.1021/acsami.1c15609</a>.
  short: M. Li, Y. Liu, Y. Zhang, X. Han, K. Xiao, M. Nabahat, J. Arbiol, J. Llorca,
    M. Ibáñez, A. Cabot, ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 13 (2021) 51373–51382.
date_created: 2021-11-21T23:01:30Z
date_published: 2021-10-19T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-10-03T09:55:33Z
day: '19'
department:
- _id: MaIb
doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c15609
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000715852100070'
  pmid:
  - '34665616'
intvolume: '        13'
isi: 1
issue: '43'
keyword:
- CuxS
- PbS
- energy conversion
- nanocomposite
- nanoparticle
- solution synthesis
- thermoelectric
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstream/2117/363528/1/Pb%20mengyao.pdf
month: '10'
oa: 1
oa_version: Submitted Version
page: 51373–51382
pmid: 1
project:
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 9B8F7476-BA93-11EA-9121-9846C619BF3A
  name: 'HighTE: The Werner Siemens Laboratory for the High Throughput Discovery of
    Semiconductors for Waste Heat Recovery'
publication: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1944-8252
  issn:
  - 1944-8244
publication_status: published
publisher: 'American Chemical Society '
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: PbS–Pb–CuxS composites for thermoelectric application
type: journal_article
user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
volume: 13
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '7262'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Advances in shape-morphing materials, such as hydrogels, shape-memory polymers
    and light-responsive polymers have enabled prescribing self-directed deformations
    of initially flat geometries. However, most proposed solutions evolve towards
    a target geometry without considering time-dependent actuation paths. To achieve
    more complex geometries and avoid self-collisions, it is critical to encode a
    spatial and temporal shape evolution within the initially flat shell. Recent realizations
    of time-dependent morphing are limited to the actuation of few, discrete hinges
    and cannot form doubly curved surfaces. Here, we demonstrate a method for encoding
    temporal shape evolution in architected shells that assume complex shapes and
    doubly curved geometries. The shells are non-periodic tessellations of pre-stressed
    contractile unit cells that soften in water at rates prescribed locally by mesostructure
    geometry. The ensuing midplane contraction is coupled to the formation of encoded
    curvatures. We propose an inverse design tool based on a data-driven model for
    unit cells’ temporal responses.
article_number: '237'
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Ruslan
  full_name: Guseinov, Ruslan
  id: 3AB45EE2-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Guseinov
  orcid: 0000-0001-9819-5077
- first_name: Connor
  full_name: McMahan, Connor
  last_name: McMahan
- first_name: Jesus
  full_name: Perez Rodriguez, Jesus
  id: 2DC83906-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Perez Rodriguez
- first_name: Chiara
  full_name: Daraio, Chiara
  last_name: Daraio
- first_name: Bernd
  full_name: Bickel, Bernd
  id: 49876194-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Bickel
  orcid: 0000-0001-6511-9385
citation:
  ama: Guseinov R, McMahan C, Perez Rodriguez J, Daraio C, Bickel B. Programming temporal
    morphing of self-actuated shells. <i>Nature Communications</i>. 2020;11. doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14015-2">10.1038/s41467-019-14015-2</a>
  apa: Guseinov, R., McMahan, C., Perez Rodriguez, J., Daraio, C., &#38; Bickel, B.
    (2020). Programming temporal morphing of self-actuated shells. <i>Nature Communications</i>.
    Springer Nature. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14015-2">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14015-2</a>
  chicago: Guseinov, Ruslan, Connor McMahan, Jesus Perez Rodriguez, Chiara Daraio,
    and Bernd Bickel. “Programming Temporal Morphing of Self-Actuated Shells.” <i>Nature
    Communications</i>. Springer Nature, 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14015-2">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14015-2</a>.
  ieee: R. Guseinov, C. McMahan, J. Perez Rodriguez, C. Daraio, and B. Bickel, “Programming
    temporal morphing of self-actuated shells,” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol.
    11. Springer Nature, 2020.
  ista: Guseinov R, McMahan C, Perez Rodriguez J, Daraio C, Bickel B. 2020. Programming
    temporal morphing of self-actuated shells. Nature Communications. 11, 237.
  mla: Guseinov, Ruslan, et al. “Programming Temporal Morphing of Self-Actuated Shells.”
    <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 11, 237, Springer Nature, 2020, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14015-2">10.1038/s41467-019-14015-2</a>.
  short: R. Guseinov, C. McMahan, J. Perez Rodriguez, C. Daraio, B. Bickel, Nature
    Communications 11 (2020).
date_created: 2020-01-13T16:54:26Z
date_published: 2020-01-13T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2024-02-21T12:45:02Z
day: '13'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: BeBi
doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-14015-2
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000511916800015'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 7db23fef2f4cda712f17f1004116ddff
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: rguseino
  date_created: 2020-01-15T14:35:34Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:55Z
  file_id: '7336'
  file_name: 2020_NatureComm_Guseinov.pdf
  file_size: 1315270
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:55Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '        11'
isi: 1
keyword:
- Design
- Synthesis and processing
- Mechanical engineering
- Polymers
language:
- iso: eng
month: '01'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
project:
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 24F9549A-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '715767'
  name: 'MATERIALIZABLE: Intelligent fabrication-oriented Computational Design and
    Modeling'
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
related_material:
  link:
  - description: News on IST Homepage
    relation: press_release
    url: https://ist.ac.at/en/news/geometry-meets-time/
  record:
  - id: '8366'
    relation: dissertation_contains
    status: public
  - id: '7154'
    relation: research_data
    status: public
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Programming temporal morphing of self-actuated shells
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 11
year: '2020'
...
---
_id: '6493'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: We present two algorithmic approaches for synthesizing linear hybrid automata
    from experimental data. Unlike previous approaches, our algorithms work without
    a template and generate an automaton with nondeterministic guards and invariants,
    and with an arbitrary number and topology of modes. They thus construct a succinct
    model from the data and provide formal guarantees. In particular, (1) the generated
    automaton can reproduce the data up to a specified tolerance and (2) the automaton
    is tight, given the first guarantee. Our first approach encodes the synthesis
    problem as a logical formula in the theory of linear arithmetic, which can then
    be solved by an SMT solver. This approach minimizes the number of modes in the
    resulting model but is only feasible for limited data sets. To address scalability,
    we propose a second approach that does not enforce to find a minimal model. The
    algorithm constructs an initial automaton and then iteratively extends the automaton
    based on processing new data. Therefore the algorithm is well-suited for online
    and synthesis-in-the-loop applications. The core of the algorithm is a membership
    query that checks whether, within the specified tolerance, a given data set can
    result from the execution of a given automaton. We solve this membership problem
    for linear hybrid automata by repeated reachability computations. We demonstrate
    the effectiveness of the algorithm on synthetic data sets and on cardiac-cell
    measurements.
alternative_title:
- LNCS
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Miriam
  full_name: Garcia Soto, Miriam
  id: 4B3207F6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Garcia Soto
  orcid: 0000−0003−2936−5719
- first_name: Thomas A
  full_name: Henzinger, Thomas A
  id: 40876CD8-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Henzinger
  orcid: 0000−0002−2985−7724
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Schilling, Christian
  id: 3A2F4DCE-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Schilling
  orcid: 0000-0003-3658-1065
- first_name: Luka
  full_name: Zeleznik, Luka
  id: 3ADCA2E4-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Zeleznik
citation:
  ama: 'Garcia Soto M, Henzinger TA, Schilling C, Zeleznik L. Membership-based synthesis
    of linear hybrid automata. In: <i>31st International Conference on Computer-Aided
    Verification</i>. Vol 11561. Springer; 2019:297-314. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25540-4_16">10.1007/978-3-030-25540-4_16</a>'
  apa: 'Garcia Soto, M., Henzinger, T. A., Schilling, C., &#38; Zeleznik, L. (2019).
    Membership-based synthesis of linear hybrid automata. In <i>31st International
    Conference on Computer-Aided Verification</i> (Vol. 11561, pp. 297–314). New York
    City, NY, USA: Springer. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25540-4_16">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25540-4_16</a>'
  chicago: Garcia Soto, Miriam, Thomas A Henzinger, Christian Schilling, and Luka
    Zeleznik. “Membership-Based Synthesis of Linear Hybrid Automata.” In <i>31st International
    Conference on Computer-Aided Verification</i>, 11561:297–314. Springer, 2019.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25540-4_16">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25540-4_16</a>.
  ieee: M. Garcia Soto, T. A. Henzinger, C. Schilling, and L. Zeleznik, “Membership-based
    synthesis of linear hybrid automata,” in <i>31st International Conference on Computer-Aided
    Verification</i>, New York City, NY, USA, 2019, vol. 11561, pp. 297–314.
  ista: 'Garcia Soto M, Henzinger TA, Schilling C, Zeleznik L. 2019. Membership-based
    synthesis of linear hybrid automata. 31st International Conference on Computer-Aided
    Verification. CAV: Computer-Aided Verification, LNCS, vol. 11561, 297–314.'
  mla: Garcia Soto, Miriam, et al. “Membership-Based Synthesis of Linear Hybrid Automata.”
    <i>31st International Conference on Computer-Aided Verification</i>, vol. 11561,
    Springer, 2019, pp. 297–314, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25540-4_16">10.1007/978-3-030-25540-4_16</a>.
  short: M. Garcia Soto, T.A. Henzinger, C. Schilling, L. Zeleznik, in:, 31st International
    Conference on Computer-Aided Verification, Springer, 2019, pp. 297–314.
conference:
  end_date: 2019-07-18
  location: New York City, NY, USA
  name: 'CAV: Computer-Aided Verification'
  start_date: 2019-07-15
date_created: 2019-05-27T07:09:53Z
date_published: 2019-07-12T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-25T10:40:41Z
day: '12'
ddc:
- '000'
department:
- _id: ToHe
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-25540-4_16
ec_funded: 1
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000491468000016'
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: 1f1d61b83a151031745ef70a501da3d6
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2019-08-14T11:05:30Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:32Z
  file_id: '6817'
  file_name: 2019_CAV_GarciaSoto.pdf
  file_size: 674795
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:47:32Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
intvolume: '     11561'
isi: 1
keyword:
- Synthesis
- Linear hybrid automaton
- Membership
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: 297-314
project:
- _id: 260C2330-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: H2020
  grant_number: '754411'
  name: ISTplus - Postdoctoral Fellowships
- _id: 25832EC2-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: S 11407_N23
  name: Rigorous Systems Engineering
- _id: 25F42A32-B435-11E9-9278-68D0E5697425
  call_identifier: FWF
  grant_number: Z211
  name: The Wittgenstein Prize
publication: 31st International Conference on Computer-Aided Verification
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783030255398'
  issn:
  - 0302-9743
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Membership-based synthesis of linear hybrid automata
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: conference
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 11561
year: '2019'
...