--- _id: '14938' abstract: - lang: eng text: High elevation headwater catchments are complex hydrological systems that seasonally buffer water and release it in the form of snow and ice melt, modulating downstream runoff regimes and water availability. In High Mountain Asia (HMA), where a wide range of climates from semi-arid to monsoonal exist, the importance of the cryospheric contributions to the water budget varies with the amount and seasonal distribution of precipitation. Losses due to evapotranspiration and sublimation are to date largely unquantified components of the water budget in such catchments, although they can be comparable in magnitude to glacier melt contributions to streamflow. 
Here, we simulate the hydrology of three high elevation headwater catchments in distinct climates in HMA over 10 years using an ecohydrological model geared towards high-mountain areas including snow and glaciers, forced with reanalysis data. 
Our results show that evapotranspiration and sublimation together are most important at the semi-arid site, Kyzylsu, on the northernmost slopes of the Pamir mountain range. Here, the evaporative loss amounts to 28% of the water throughput, which we define as the total water added to, or removed from the water balance within a year. In comparison, evaporative losses are 19% at the Central Himalayan site Langtang and 13% at the wettest site, 24K, on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau. At the three sites, respectively, sublimation removes 15%, 13% and 6% of snowfall, while evapotranspiration removes the equivalent of 76%, 28% and 19% of rainfall. In absolute terms, and across a comparable elevation range, the highest ET flux is 413 mm yr-1 at 24K, while the highest sublimation flux is 91 mm yr-1 at Kyzylsu. During warm and dry years, glacier melt was found to only partially compensate for the annual supply deficit. article_processing_charge: Yes article_type: original author: - first_name: Stefan full_name: Fugger, Stefan id: 86698d64-c4c6-11ee-af02-cdf1e6a7d31f last_name: Fugger - first_name: Thomas full_name: Shaw, Thomas id: 3caa3f91-1f03-11ee-96ce-e0e553054d6e last_name: Shaw orcid: 0000-0001-7640-6152 - first_name: Achille full_name: Jouberton, Achille last_name: Jouberton - first_name: Evan full_name: Miles, Evan last_name: Miles - first_name: Pascal full_name: Buri, Pascal id: 317987aa-9421-11ee-ac5a-b941b041abba last_name: Buri - first_name: Michael full_name: McCarthy, Michael id: 22a2674a-61ce-11ee-94b5-d18813baf16f last_name: McCarthy - first_name: Catriona Louise full_name: Fyffe, Catriona Louise id: 001b0422-8d15-11ed-bc51-cab6c037a228 last_name: Fyffe - first_name: Simone full_name: Fatichi, Simone last_name: Fatichi - first_name: Marin full_name: Kneib, Marin last_name: Kneib - first_name: Peter full_name: Molnar, Peter last_name: Molnar - first_name: Francesca full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70 last_name: Pellicciotti orcid: 0000-0002-5554-8087 citation: ama: Fugger S, Shaw T, Jouberton A, et al. Hydrological regimes and evaporative flux partitioning at the climatic ends of High Mountain Asia. Environmental Research Letters. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0 apa: Fugger, S., Shaw, T., Jouberton, A., Miles, E., Buri, P., McCarthy, M., … Pellicciotti, F. (n.d.). Hydrological regimes and evaporative flux partitioning at the climatic ends of High Mountain Asia. Environmental Research Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0 chicago: Fugger, Stefan, Thomas Shaw, Achille Jouberton, Evan Miles, Pascal Buri, Michael McCarthy, Catriona Louise Fyffe, et al. “Hydrological Regimes and Evaporative Flux Partitioning at the Climatic Ends of High Mountain Asia.” Environmental Research Letters. IOP Publishing, n.d. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0. ieee: S. Fugger et al., “Hydrological regimes and evaporative flux partitioning at the climatic ends of High Mountain Asia,” Environmental Research Letters. IOP Publishing. ista: Fugger S, Shaw T, Jouberton A, Miles E, Buri P, McCarthy M, Fyffe CL, Fatichi S, Kneib M, Molnar P, Pellicciotti F. Hydrological regimes and evaporative flux partitioning at the climatic ends of High Mountain Asia. Environmental Research Letters. mla: Fugger, Stefan, et al. “Hydrological Regimes and Evaporative Flux Partitioning at the Climatic Ends of High Mountain Asia.” Environmental Research Letters, IOP Publishing, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0. short: S. Fugger, T. Shaw, A. Jouberton, E. Miles, P. Buri, M. McCarthy, C.L. Fyffe, S. Fatichi, M. Kneib, P. Molnar, F. Pellicciotti, Environmental Research Letters (n.d.). date_created: 2024-02-05T09:01:11Z date_published: 2024-02-02T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-02-06T08:35:39Z day: '02' ddc: - '550' department: - _id: FrPe doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0 has_accepted_license: '1' keyword: - Public Health - Environmental and Occupational Health - General Environmental Science - Renewable Energy - Sustainability and the Environment language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad25a0 month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Environmental Research Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 1748-9326 publication_status: accepted publisher: IOP Publishing quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Hydrological regimes and evaporative flux partitioning at the climatic ends of High Mountain Asia tmp: image: /images/cc_by.png legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0) short: CC BY (4.0) type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 year: '2024' ... --- _id: '12155' abstract: - lang: eng text: The growing demand of thermal management in various fields such as miniaturized 5G chips has motivated researchers to develop new and high-performance solid-state refrigeration technologies, typically including multicaloric and thermoelectric (TE) cooling. Among them, TE cooling has attracted huge attention owing to its advantages of rapid response, large cooling temperature difference, high stability, and tunable device size. Bi2Te3-based alloys have long been the only commercialized TE cooling materials, while novel systems SnSe and Mg3(Bi,Sb)2 have recently been discovered as potential candidates. However, challenges and problems still require to be summarized and further resolved for realizing better cooling performance. In this review, we systematically investigate TE cooling from its internal mechanism, crucial parameters, to device design and applications. Furthermore, we summarize the current optimization strategies for existing TE cooling materials, and finally provide some personal prospects especially the material-planification concept on future research on establishing better TE cooling. acknowledgement: We acknowledge support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0702100), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51571007, 51772012, 52002011 and 52002042), the Basic Science Center Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (51788104), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (JQ18004), 111 Project (B17002), and the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (51925101). article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: Yongxin full_name: Qin, Yongxin last_name: Qin - first_name: Bingchao full_name: Qin, Bingchao last_name: Qin - first_name: Dongyang full_name: Wang, Dongyang last_name: Wang - first_name: Cheng full_name: Chang, Cheng id: 9E331C2E-9F27-11E9-AE48-5033E6697425 last_name: Chang orcid: 0000-0002-9515-4277 - first_name: Li-Dong full_name: Zhao, Li-Dong last_name: Zhao citation: ama: 'Qin Y, Qin B, Wang D, Chang C, Zhao L-D. Solid-state cooling: Thermoelectrics. Energy & Environmental Science. 2022;15(11):4527-4541. doi:10.1039/d2ee02408j' apa: 'Qin, Y., Qin, B., Wang, D., Chang, C., & Zhao, L.-D. (2022). Solid-state cooling: Thermoelectrics. Energy & Environmental Science. Royal Society of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ee02408j' chicago: 'Qin, Yongxin, Bingchao Qin, Dongyang Wang, Cheng Chang, and Li-Dong Zhao. “Solid-State Cooling: Thermoelectrics.” Energy & Environmental Science. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ee02408j.' ieee: 'Y. Qin, B. Qin, D. Wang, C. Chang, and L.-D. Zhao, “Solid-state cooling: Thermoelectrics,” Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 15, no. 11. Royal Society of Chemistry, pp. 4527–4541, 2022.' ista: 'Qin Y, Qin B, Wang D, Chang C, Zhao L-D. 2022. Solid-state cooling: Thermoelectrics. Energy & Environmental Science. 15(11), 4527–4541.' mla: 'Qin, Yongxin, et al. “Solid-State Cooling: Thermoelectrics.” Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 15, no. 11, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022, pp. 4527–41, doi:10.1039/d2ee02408j.' short: Y. Qin, B. Qin, D. Wang, C. Chang, L.-D. Zhao, Energy & Environmental Science 15 (2022) 4527–4541. date_created: 2023-01-12T12:08:41Z date_published: 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2024-01-22T08:13:43Z day: '01' department: - _id: MaIb doi: 10.1039/d2ee02408j external_id: isi: - '000863642400001' intvolume: ' 15' isi: 1 issue: '11' keyword: - Pollution - Nuclear Energy and Engineering - Renewable Energy - Sustainability and the Environment - Environmental Chemistry language: - iso: eng month: '11' oa_version: None page: 4527-4541 publication: Energy & Environmental Science publication_identifier: eissn: - 1754-5706 issn: - 1754-5692 publication_status: published publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry quality_controlled: '1' related_material: link: - relation: erratum url: https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ee90067c scopus_import: '1' status: public title: 'Solid-state cooling: Thermoelectrics' type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 15 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '12576' abstract: - lang: eng text: Glacier health across High Mountain Asia (HMA) is highly heterogeneous and strongly governed by regional climate, which is variably influenced by monsoon dynamics and the westerlies. We explore four decades of glacier energy and mass balance at three climatically distinct sites across HMA by utilising a detailed land surface model driven by bias-corrected Weather Research and Forecasting meteorological forcing. All three glaciers have experienced long-term mass losses (ranging from −0.04 ± 0.09 to −0.59 ± 0.20 m w.e. a−1) consistent with widespread warming across the region. However, complex and contrasting responses of glacier energy and mass balance to the patterns of the Indian Summer Monsoon were evident, largely driven by the role snowfall timing, amount and phase. A later monsoon onset generates less total snowfall to the glacier in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau during May–June, augmenting net shortwave radiation and affecting annual mass balance (−0.5 m w.e. on average compared to early onset years). Conversely, timing of the monsoon’s arrival has limited impact for the Nepalese Himalaya which is more strongly governed by the temperature and snowfall amount during the core monsoon season. In the arid central Tibetan Plateau, a later monsoon arrival results in a 40 mm (58%) increase of May–June snowfall on average compared to early onset years, likely driven by the greater interaction of westerly storm events. Meanwhile, a late monsoon cessation at this site sees an average 200 mm (192%) increase in late summer precipitation due to monsoonal storms. A trend towards weaker intensity monsoon conditions in recent decades, combined with long-term warming patterns, has produced predominantly negative glacier mass balances for all sites (up to 1 m w.e. more mass loss in the Nepalese Himalaya compared to strong monsoon intensity years) but sub-regional variability in monsoon timing can additionally complicate this response. article_number: '104001' article_processing_charge: No article_type: letter_note author: - first_name: T E full_name: Shaw, T E last_name: Shaw - first_name: E S full_name: Miles, E S last_name: Miles - first_name: D full_name: Chen, D last_name: Chen - first_name: A full_name: Jouberton, A last_name: Jouberton - first_name: M full_name: Kneib, M last_name: Kneib - first_name: S full_name: Fugger, S last_name: Fugger - first_name: T full_name: Ou, T last_name: Ou - first_name: H-W full_name: Lai, H-W last_name: Lai - first_name: K full_name: Fujita, K last_name: Fujita - first_name: W full_name: Yang, W last_name: Yang - first_name: S full_name: Fatichi, S last_name: Fatichi - first_name: Francesca full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70 last_name: Pellicciotti citation: ama: Shaw TE, Miles ES, Chen D, et al. Multi-decadal monsoon characteristics and glacier response in High Mountain Asia. Environmental Research Letters. 2022;17(10). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac9008 apa: Shaw, T. E., Miles, E. S., Chen, D., Jouberton, A., Kneib, M., Fugger, S., … Pellicciotti, F. (2022). Multi-decadal monsoon characteristics and glacier response in High Mountain Asia. Environmental Research Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac9008 chicago: Shaw, T E, E S Miles, D Chen, A Jouberton, M Kneib, S Fugger, T Ou, et al. “Multi-Decadal Monsoon Characteristics and Glacier Response in High Mountain Asia.” Environmental Research Letters. IOP Publishing, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac9008. ieee: T. E. Shaw et al., “Multi-decadal monsoon characteristics and glacier response in High Mountain Asia,” Environmental Research Letters, vol. 17, no. 10. IOP Publishing, 2022. ista: Shaw TE, Miles ES, Chen D, Jouberton A, Kneib M, Fugger S, Ou T, Lai H-W, Fujita K, Yang W, Fatichi S, Pellicciotti F. 2022. Multi-decadal monsoon characteristics and glacier response in High Mountain Asia. Environmental Research Letters. 17(10), 104001. mla: Shaw, T. E., et al. “Multi-Decadal Monsoon Characteristics and Glacier Response in High Mountain Asia.” Environmental Research Letters, vol. 17, no. 10, 104001, IOP Publishing, 2022, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac9008. short: T.E. Shaw, E.S. Miles, D. Chen, A. Jouberton, M. Kneib, S. Fugger, T. Ou, H.-W. Lai, K. Fujita, W. Yang, S. Fatichi, F. Pellicciotti, Environmental Research Letters 17 (2022). date_created: 2023-02-20T08:09:56Z date_published: 2022-09-16T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-02-28T13:53:16Z day: '16' doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac9008 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 17' issue: '10' keyword: - Public Health - Environmental and Occupational Health - General Environmental Science - Renewable Energy - Sustainability and the Environment language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac9008 month: '09' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Environmental Research Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 1748-9326 publication_status: published publisher: IOP Publishing quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Multi-decadal monsoon characteristics and glacier response in High Mountain Asia type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 17 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '12582' abstract: - lang: eng text: Supraglacial debris covers 7% of mountain glacier area globally and generally reduces glacier surface melt. Enhanced energy absorption at ice cliffs and supraglacial ponds scattered across the debris surface leads these features to contribute disproportionately to glacier-wide ablation. However, the degree to which cliffs and ponds actually increase melt rates remains unclear, as these features have only been studied in a detailed manner for selected locations, almost exclusively in High Mountain Asia. In this study we model the surface energy balance for debris-covered ice, ice cliffs, and supraglacial ponds with a set of automatic weather station records representing the global prevalence of debris-covered glacier ice. We generate 5000 random sets of values for physical parameters using probability distributions derived from literature, which we use to investigate relative melt rates and to isolate the melt responses of debris, cliffs and ponds to the site-specific meteorological forcing. Modelled sub-debris melt rates are primarily controlled by debris thickness and thermal conductivity. At a reference thickness of 0.1 m, sub-debris melt rates vary considerably, differing by up to a factor of four between sites, mainly attributable to air temperature differences. We find that melt rates for ice cliffs are consistently 2–3× the melt rate for clean glacier ice, but this melt enhancement decays with increasing clean ice melt rates. Energy absorption at supraglacial ponds is dominated by latent heat exchange and is therefore highly sensitive to wind speed and relative humidity, but is generally less than for clean ice. Our results provide reference melt enhancement factors for melt modelling of debris-covered glacier sites, globally, while highlighting the need for direct measurement of debris-covered glacier surface characteristics, physical parameters, and local meteorological conditions at a variety of sites around the world. article_number: '064004' article_processing_charge: No article_type: letter_note author: - first_name: E S full_name: Miles, E S last_name: Miles - first_name: J F full_name: Steiner, J F last_name: Steiner - first_name: P full_name: Buri, P last_name: Buri - first_name: W W full_name: Immerzeel, W W last_name: Immerzeel - first_name: Francesca full_name: Pellicciotti, Francesca id: b28f055a-81ea-11ed-b70c-a9fe7f7b0e70 last_name: Pellicciotti citation: ama: Miles ES, Steiner JF, Buri P, Immerzeel WW, Pellicciotti F. Controls on the relative melt rates of debris-covered glacier surfaces. Environmental Research Letters. 2022;17(6). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac6966 apa: Miles, E. S., Steiner, J. F., Buri, P., Immerzeel, W. W., & Pellicciotti, F. (2022). Controls on the relative melt rates of debris-covered glacier surfaces. Environmental Research Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac6966 chicago: Miles, E S, J F Steiner, P Buri, W W Immerzeel, and Francesca Pellicciotti. “Controls on the Relative Melt Rates of Debris-Covered Glacier Surfaces.” Environmental Research Letters. IOP Publishing, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac6966. ieee: E. S. Miles, J. F. Steiner, P. Buri, W. W. Immerzeel, and F. Pellicciotti, “Controls on the relative melt rates of debris-covered glacier surfaces,” Environmental Research Letters, vol. 17, no. 6. IOP Publishing, 2022. ista: Miles ES, Steiner JF, Buri P, Immerzeel WW, Pellicciotti F. 2022. Controls on the relative melt rates of debris-covered glacier surfaces. Environmental Research Letters. 17(6), 064004. mla: Miles, E. S., et al. “Controls on the Relative Melt Rates of Debris-Covered Glacier Surfaces.” Environmental Research Letters, vol. 17, no. 6, 064004, IOP Publishing, 2022, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac6966. short: E.S. Miles, J.F. Steiner, P. Buri, W.W. Immerzeel, F. Pellicciotti, Environmental Research Letters 17 (2022). date_created: 2023-02-20T08:10:37Z date_published: 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-02-28T13:34:25Z day: '01' doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac6966 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 17' issue: '6' keyword: - Public Health - Environmental and Occupational Health - General Environmental Science - Renewable Energy - Sustainability and the Environment language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac6966 month: '06' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Environmental Research Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 1748-9326 publication_status: published publisher: IOP Publishing quality_controlled: '1' scopus_import: '1' status: public title: Controls on the relative melt rates of debris-covered glacier surfaces type: journal_article user_id: 2DF688A6-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87 volume: 17 year: '2022' ... --- _id: '9447' abstract: - lang: eng text: 'Lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) based water-in-salt electrolytes (WiSEs) has recently emerged as a new promising class of electrolytes, primarily owing to their wide electrochemical stability windows (~3–4 V), that by far exceed the thermodynamic stability window of water (1.23 V). Upon increasing the salt concentration towards superconcentration the onset of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) shifts more significantly than the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) does. The OER shift has been explained by the accumulation of hydrophobic anions blocking water access to the electrode surface, hence by double layer theory. Here we demonstrate that the processes during oxidation are much more complex, involving OER, carbon and salt decomposition by OER intermediates, and salt precipitation upon local oversaturation. The positive shift in the onset potential of oxidation currents was elucidated by combining several advanced analysis techniques: rotating ring-disk electrode voltammetry, online electrochemical mass spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, using both dilute and superconcentrated electrolytes. The results demonstrate the importance of reactive OER intermediates and surface films for electrolyte and electrode stability and motivate further studies of the nature of the electrode.' article_number: '050550' article_processing_charge: No author: - first_name: Marion full_name: Maffre, Marion last_name: Maffre - first_name: Roza full_name: Bouchal, Roza last_name: Bouchal - first_name: Stefan Alexander full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425 last_name: Freunberger orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319 - first_name: Niklas full_name: Lindahl, Niklas last_name: Lindahl - first_name: Patrik full_name: Johansson, Patrik last_name: Johansson - first_name: Frédéric full_name: Favier, Frédéric last_name: Favier - first_name: Olivier full_name: Fontaine, Olivier last_name: Fontaine - first_name: Daniel full_name: Bélanger, Daniel last_name: Bélanger citation: ama: Maffre M, Bouchal R, Freunberger SA, et al. Investigation of electrochemical and chemical processes occurring at positive potentials in “Water-in-Salt” electrolytes. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 2021;168(5). doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300 apa: Maffre, M., Bouchal, R., Freunberger, S. A., Lindahl, N., Johansson, P., Favier, F., … Bélanger, D. (2021). Investigation of electrochemical and chemical processes occurring at positive potentials in “Water-in-Salt” electrolytes. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300 chicago: Maffre, Marion, Roza Bouchal, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, Niklas Lindahl, Patrik Johansson, Frédéric Favier, Olivier Fontaine, and Daniel Bélanger. “Investigation of Electrochemical and Chemical Processes Occurring at Positive Potentials in ‘Water-in-Salt’ Electrolytes.” Journal of The Electrochemical Society. IOP Publishing, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300. ieee: M. Maffre et al., “Investigation of electrochemical and chemical processes occurring at positive potentials in ‘Water-in-Salt’ electrolytes,” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 168, no. 5. IOP Publishing, 2021. ista: Maffre M, Bouchal R, Freunberger SA, Lindahl N, Johansson P, Favier F, Fontaine O, Bélanger D. 2021. Investigation of electrochemical and chemical processes occurring at positive potentials in “Water-in-Salt” electrolytes. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 168(5), 050550. mla: Maffre, Marion, et al. “Investigation of Electrochemical and Chemical Processes Occurring at Positive Potentials in ‘Water-in-Salt’ Electrolytes.” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 168, no. 5, 050550, IOP Publishing, 2021, doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300. short: M. Maffre, R. Bouchal, S.A. Freunberger, N. Lindahl, P. Johansson, F. Favier, O. Fontaine, D. Bélanger, Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168 (2021). date_created: 2021-06-03T09:58:38Z date_published: 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2023-09-05T13:25:30Z day: '01' department: - _id: StFr doi: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac0300 external_id: isi: - '000657724200001' intvolume: ' 168' isi: 1 issue: '5' keyword: - Renewable Energy - Sustainability and the Environment - Electrochemistry - Materials Chemistry - Electronic - Optical and Magnetic Materials - Surfaces - Coatings and Films - Condensed Matter Physics language: - iso: eng month: '05' oa_version: None publication: Journal of The Electrochemical Society publication_identifier: eissn: - 1945-7111 issn: - 0013-4651 publication_status: published publisher: IOP Publishing quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: Investigation of electrochemical and chemical processes occurring at positive potentials in “Water-in-Salt” electrolytes type: journal_article user_id: c635000d-4b10-11ee-a964-aac5a93f6ac1 volume: 168 year: '2021' ... --- _id: '9128' abstract: - lang: eng text: This paper reviews recent important advances in our understanding of the response of precipitation extremes to warming from theory and from idealized cloud-resolving simulations. A theoretical scaling for precipitation extremes has been proposed and refined in the past decades, allowing to address separately the contributions from the thermodynamics, the dynamics and the microphysics. Theoretical constraints, as well as remaining uncertainties, associated with each of these three contributions to precipitation extremes, are discussed. Notably, although to leading order precipitation extremes seem to follow the thermodynamic theoretical expectation in idealized simulations, considerable uncertainty remains regarding the response of the dynamics and of the microphysics to warming, and considerable departure from this theoretical expectation is found in observations and in more realistic simulations. We also emphasize key outstanding questions, in particular the response of mesoscale convective organization to warming. Observations suggest that extreme rainfall often comes from an organized system in very moist environments. Improved understanding of the physical processes behind convective organization is needed in order to achieve accurate extreme rainfall prediction in our current, and in a warming climate. article_number: '035001' article_processing_charge: No article_type: letter_note author: - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 - first_name: Yukari full_name: Takayabu, Yukari last_name: Takayabu citation: ama: 'Muller CJ, Takayabu Y. Response of precipitation extremes to warming: What have we learned from theory and idealized cloud-resolving simulations, and what remains to be learned? Environmental Research Letters. 2020;15(3). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab7130' apa: 'Muller, C. J., & Takayabu, Y. (2020). Response of precipitation extremes to warming: What have we learned from theory and idealized cloud-resolving simulations, and what remains to be learned? Environmental Research Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab7130' chicago: 'Muller, Caroline J, and Yukari Takayabu. “Response of Precipitation Extremes to Warming: What Have We Learned from Theory and Idealized Cloud-Resolving Simulations, and What Remains to Be Learned?” Environmental Research Letters. IOP Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab7130.' ieee: 'C. J. Muller and Y. Takayabu, “Response of precipitation extremes to warming: What have we learned from theory and idealized cloud-resolving simulations, and what remains to be learned?,” Environmental Research Letters, vol. 15, no. 3. IOP Publishing, 2020.' ista: 'Muller CJ, Takayabu Y. 2020. Response of precipitation extremes to warming: What have we learned from theory and idealized cloud-resolving simulations, and what remains to be learned? Environmental Research Letters. 15(3), 035001.' mla: 'Muller, Caroline J., and Yukari Takayabu. “Response of Precipitation Extremes to Warming: What Have We Learned from Theory and Idealized Cloud-Resolving Simulations, and What Remains to Be Learned?” Environmental Research Letters, vol. 15, no. 3, 035001, IOP Publishing, 2020, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab7130.' short: C.J. Muller, Y. Takayabu, Environmental Research Letters 15 (2020). date_created: 2021-02-15T14:07:14Z date_published: 2020-02-18T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-01-24T12:29:46Z day: '18' doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab7130 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 15' issue: '3' keyword: - Renewable Energy - Sustainability and the Environment - Public Health - Environmental and Occupational Health - General Environmental Science language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab7130 month: '02' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Environmental Research Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 1748-9326 publication_status: published publisher: IOP Publishing quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: 'Response of precipitation extremes to warming: What have we learned from theory and idealized cloud-resolving simulations, and what remains to be learned?' type: journal_article user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9 volume: 15 year: '2020' ... --- _id: '9146' abstract: - lang: eng text: "The factors governing the rate of change in the amount of atmospheric water vapor are analyzed in simulations of climate change. The global-mean amount of water vapor is estimated to increase at a differential rate of 7.3% K − 1 with respect to global-mean surface air temperature in the multi-model mean. Larger rates of change result if the fractional change is evaluated over a finite change in temperature (e.g., 8.2% K − 1 for a 3 K warming), and rates of change of zonal-mean column water vapor range from 6 to 12% K − 1 depending on latitude.\r\nClausius–Clapeyron scaling is directly evaluated using an invariant distribution of monthly-mean relative humidity, giving a rate of 7.4% K − 1 for global-mean water vapor. There are deviations from Clausius–Clapeyron scaling of zonal-mean column water vapor in the tropics and mid-latitudes, but they largely cancel in the global mean. A purely thermodynamic scaling based on a saturated troposphere gives a higher global rate of 7.9% K − 1.\r\nSurface specific humidity increases at a rate of 5.7% K − 1, considerably lower than the rate for global-mean water vapor. Surface specific humidity closely follows Clausius–Clapeyron scaling over ocean. But there are widespread decreases in surface relative humidity over land (by more than 1% K − 1 in many regions), and it is argued that decreases of this magnitude could result from the land/ocean contrast in surface warming." article_number: '025207' article_processing_charge: No article_type: original author: - first_name: P A full_name: O’Gorman, P A last_name: O’Gorman - first_name: Caroline J full_name: Muller, Caroline J id: f978ccb0-3f7f-11eb-b193-b0e2bd13182b last_name: Muller orcid: 0000-0001-5836-5350 citation: ama: O’Gorman PA, Muller CJ. How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow Clausius–Clapeyron scaling in climate change simulations? Environmental Research Letters. 2010;5(2). doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207 apa: O’Gorman, P. A., & Muller, C. J. (2010). How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow Clausius–Clapeyron scaling in climate change simulations? Environmental Research Letters. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207 chicago: O’Gorman, P A, and Caroline J Muller. “How Closely Do Changes in Surface and Column Water Vapor Follow Clausius–Clapeyron Scaling in Climate Change Simulations?” Environmental Research Letters. IOP Publishing, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207. ieee: P. A. O’Gorman and C. J. Muller, “How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow Clausius–Clapeyron scaling in climate change simulations?,” Environmental Research Letters, vol. 5, no. 2. IOP Publishing, 2010. ista: O’Gorman PA, Muller CJ. 2010. How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow Clausius–Clapeyron scaling in climate change simulations? Environmental Research Letters. 5(2), 025207. mla: O’Gorman, P. A., and Caroline J. Muller. “How Closely Do Changes in Surface and Column Water Vapor Follow Clausius–Clapeyron Scaling in Climate Change Simulations?” Environmental Research Letters, vol. 5, no. 2, 025207, IOP Publishing, 2010, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207. short: P.A. O’Gorman, C.J. Muller, Environmental Research Letters 5 (2010). date_created: 2021-02-15T14:40:46Z date_published: 2010-04-09T00:00:00Z date_updated: 2022-01-24T13:51:02Z day: '09' doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207 extern: '1' intvolume: ' 5' issue: '2' keyword: - Renewable Energy - Sustainability and the Environment - Public Health - Environmental and Occupational Health - General Environmental Science language: - iso: eng main_file_link: - open_access: '1' url: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/025207 month: '04' oa: 1 oa_version: Published Version publication: Environmental Research Letters publication_identifier: issn: - 1748-9326 publication_status: published publisher: IOP Publishing quality_controlled: '1' status: public title: How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow Clausius–Clapeyron scaling in climate change simulations? type: journal_article user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9 volume: 5 year: '2010' ...