---
_id: '9980'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Insufficient understanding of the mechanism that reversibly converts sulphur
    into lithium sulphide (Li2S) via soluble polysulphides (PS) hampers the realization
    of high performance lithium-sulphur cells. Typically Li2S formation is explained
    by direct electroreduction of a PS to Li2S; however, this is not consistent with
    the size of the insulating Li2S deposits. Here, we use in situ small and wide
    angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) to track the growth and dissolution of crystalline
    and amorphous deposits from atomic to sub-micron scales during charge and discharge.
    Stochastic modelling based on the SAXS data allows quantification of the chemical
    phase evolution during discharge and charge. We show that Li2S deposits predominantly
    via disproportionation of transient, solid Li2S2 to form primary Li2S crystallites
    and solid Li2S4 particles. We further demonstrate that this process happens in
    reverse during charge. These findings show that the discharge capacity and rate
    capability in Li-S battery cathodes are therefore limited by mass transport through
    the increasingly tortuous network of Li2S / Li2S4 / carbon pores rather than electron
    transport through a passivating surface film.
acknowledgement: "This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon
  2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant NanoEvolution,
  grant agreement No 894042. The authors acknowledge TU Graz for support through the
  Lead Project LP-03. Likewise, the use of SOMAPP Lab, a core facility supported by
  the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research, the Graz University\r\n6
  of Technology, the University of Graz, and Anton Paar GmbH is acknowledged. S.D.T,
  A.V. and R.D. acknowledge the financial support by the Slovenian Research Agency
  (ARRS) research core funding P2-0393. Furthermore, A.V. acknowledge the funding
  from the Slovenian Research Agency, research project Z2-1863. S.A.F. is indebted
  to IST Austria for support. "
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Prehal, Christian
  last_name: Prehal
- first_name: Sara Drvarič
  full_name: Talian, Sara Drvarič
  last_name: Talian
- first_name: Alen
  full_name: Vizintin, Alen
  last_name: Vizintin
- first_name: Heinz
  full_name: Amenitsch, Heinz
  last_name: Amenitsch
- first_name: Robert
  full_name: Dominko, Robert
  last_name: Dominko
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
- first_name: Vanessa
  full_name: Wood, Vanessa
  last_name: Wood
citation:
  ama: Prehal C, Talian SD, Vizintin A, et al. Mechanism of Li2S formation and dissolution
    in Lithium-Sulphur batteries. <i>Research Square</i>. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1">10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1</a>
  apa: Prehal, C., Talian, S. D., Vizintin, A., Amenitsch, H., Dominko, R., Freunberger,
    S. A., &#38; Wood, V. (n.d.). Mechanism of Li2S formation and dissolution in Lithium-Sulphur
    batteries. <i>Research Square</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1">https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1</a>
  chicago: Prehal, Christian, Sara Drvarič Talian, Alen Vizintin, Heinz Amenitsch,
    Robert Dominko, Stefan Alexander Freunberger, and Vanessa Wood. “Mechanism of
    Li2S Formation and Dissolution in Lithium-Sulphur Batteries.” <i>Research Square</i>,
    n.d. <a href="https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1">https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1</a>.
  ieee: C. Prehal <i>et al.</i>, “Mechanism of Li2S formation and dissolution in Lithium-Sulphur
    batteries,” <i>Research Square</i>. .
  ista: Prehal C, Talian SD, Vizintin A, Amenitsch H, Dominko R, Freunberger SA, Wood
    V. Mechanism of Li2S formation and dissolution in Lithium-Sulphur batteries. Research
    Square, <a href="https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1">10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1</a>.
  mla: Prehal, Christian, et al. “Mechanism of Li2S Formation and Dissolution in Lithium-Sulphur
    Batteries.” <i>Research Square</i>, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1">10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1</a>.
  short: C. Prehal, S.D. Talian, A. Vizintin, H. Amenitsch, R. Dominko, S.A. Freunberger,
    V. Wood, Research Square (n.d.).
date_created: 2021-09-02T08:45:00Z
date_published: 2021-08-16T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2021-12-03T10:35:42Z
day: '16'
ddc:
- '621'
department:
- _id: StFr
doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-818607/v1
keyword:
- Li2S
- Lithium Sulphur Batteries
- SAXS
- WAXS
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-818607/v1
month: '08'
oa: 1
oa_version: Preprint
page: '21'
publication: Research Square
publication_status: submitted
status: public
title: Mechanism of Li2S formation and dissolution in Lithium-Sulphur batteries
tmp:
  image: /images/cc_by.png
  legal_code_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
  name: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0)
  short: CC BY (4.0)
type: preprint
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
year: '2021'
...
---
_id: '8067'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "With the lithium-ion technology approaching its intrinsic limit with graphite-based
    anodes, lithium metal is recently receiving renewed interest from the battery
    community as potential high capacity anode for next-generation rechargeable batteries.
    In this focus paper, we review the main advances in this field since the first
    attempts in the\r\nmid-1970s. Strategies for enabling reversible cycling and avoiding
    dendrite growth are thoroughly discussed, including specific applications in all-solid-state
    (polymeric and inorganic), Lithium-sulphur and Li-O2 (air) batteries. A particular
    attention is paid to review recent developments in regard of prototype manufacturing
    and current state-ofthe-art of these battery technologies with respect to the
    2030 targets of the EU Integrated Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan)
    Action 7."
alternative_title:
- IST Austria Technical Report
article_processing_charge: No
author:
- first_name: Alberto
  full_name: Varzi, Alberto
  last_name: Varzi
- first_name: Katharina
  full_name: Thanner, Katharina
  last_name: Thanner
- first_name: Roberto
  full_name: Scipioni, Roberto
  last_name: Scipioni
- first_name: Daniele
  full_name: Di Lecce, Daniele
  last_name: Di Lecce
- first_name: Jusef
  full_name: Hassoun, Jusef
  last_name: Hassoun
- first_name: Susanne
  full_name: Dörfler, Susanne
  last_name: Dörfler
- first_name: Holger
  full_name: Altheus, Holger
  last_name: Altheus
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Kaskel, Stefan
  last_name: Kaskel
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Prehal, Christian
  last_name: Prehal
- first_name: Stefan Alexander
  full_name: Freunberger, Stefan Alexander
  id: A8CA28E6-CE23-11E9-AD2D-EC27E6697425
  last_name: Freunberger
  orcid: 0000-0003-2902-5319
citation:
  ama: Varzi A, Thanner K, Scipioni R, et al. <i>Current Status and Future Perspectives
    of Lithium Metal Batteries</i>. IST Austria doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067">10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067</a>
  apa: Varzi, A., Thanner, K., Scipioni, R., Di Lecce, D., Hassoun, J., Dörfler, S.,
    … Freunberger, S. A. (n.d.). <i>Current status and future perspectives of Lithium
    metal batteries</i>. IST Austria. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067</a>
  chicago: Varzi, Alberto, Katharina Thanner, Roberto Scipioni, Daniele Di Lecce,
    Jusef Hassoun, Susanne Dörfler, Holger Altheus, Stefan Kaskel, Christian Prehal,
    and Stefan Alexander Freunberger. <i>Current Status and Future Perspectives of
    Lithium Metal Batteries</i>. IST Austria, n.d. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067">https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067</a>.
  ieee: A. Varzi <i>et al.</i>, <i>Current status and future perspectives of Lithium
    metal batteries</i>. IST Austria.
  ista: Varzi A, Thanner K, Scipioni R, Di Lecce D, Hassoun J, Dörfler S, Altheus
    H, Kaskel S, Prehal C, Freunberger SA. Current status and future perspectives
    of Lithium metal batteries, IST Austria, 63p.
  mla: Varzi, Alberto, et al. <i>Current Status and Future Perspectives of Lithium
    Metal Batteries</i>. IST Austria, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067">10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067</a>.
  short: A. Varzi, K. Thanner, R. Scipioni, D. Di Lecce, J. Hassoun, S. Dörfler, H.
    Altheus, S. Kaskel, C. Prehal, S.A. Freunberger, Current Status and Future Perspectives
    of Lithium Metal Batteries, IST Austria, n.d.
date_created: 2020-06-30T07:37:39Z
date_published: 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-22T09:20:36Z
day: '01'
ddc:
- '540'
department:
- _id: StFr
doi: 10.15479/AT:ISTA:8067
file:
- access_level: open_access
  checksum: d183ca1465a1cbb4f8db27875cd156f7
  content_type: application/pdf
  creator: dernst
  date_created: 2020-07-02T07:36:04Z
  date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:08Z
  file_id: '8076'
  file_name: 20200612_JPS_review_Li_metal_submitted.pdf
  file_size: 2612498
  relation: main_file
file_date_updated: 2020-07-14T12:48:08Z
has_accepted_license: '1'
keyword:
- Battery
- Lithium metal
- Lithium-sulphur
- Lithium-air
- All-solid-state
language:
- iso: eng
month: '07'
oa: 1
oa_version: Published Version
page: '63'
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2664-1690
publication_status: submitted
publisher: IST Austria
related_material:
  record:
  - id: '8361'
    relation: later_version
    status: public
status: public
title: Current status and future perspectives of Lithium metal batteries
type: technical_report
user_id: 8b945eb4-e2f2-11eb-945a-df72226e66a9
year: '2020'
...