---
_id: '12133'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Social distancing is an effective way to prevent the spread of disease in
    societies, whereas infection elimination is a key element of organismal immunity.
    Here, we discuss how the study of social insects such as ants — which form a superorganism
    of unconditionally cooperative individuals and thus represent a level of organization
    that is intermediate between a classical society of individuals and an organism
    of cells — can help to determine common principles of disease defence across levels
    of organization.
article_processing_charge: No
article_type: letter_note
author:
- first_name: Sylvia
  full_name: Cremer, Sylvia
  id: 2F64EC8C-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Cremer
  orcid: 0000-0002-2193-3868
- first_name: Michael K
  full_name: Sixt, Michael K
  id: 41E9FBEA-F248-11E8-B48F-1D18A9856A87
  last_name: Sixt
  orcid: 0000-0002-6620-9179
citation:
  ama: Cremer S, Sixt MK. Principles of disease defence in organisms, superorganisms
    and societies. <i>Nature Reviews Immunology</i>. 2022;22(12):713-714. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-022-00797-y">10.1038/s41577-022-00797-y</a>
  apa: Cremer, S., &#38; Sixt, M. K. (2022). Principles of disease defence in organisms,
    superorganisms and societies. <i>Nature Reviews Immunology</i>. Springer Nature.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-022-00797-y">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-022-00797-y</a>
  chicago: Cremer, Sylvia, and Michael K Sixt. “Principles of Disease Defence in Organisms,
    Superorganisms and Societies.” <i>Nature Reviews Immunology</i>. Springer Nature,
    2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-022-00797-y">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-022-00797-y</a>.
  ieee: S. Cremer and M. K. Sixt, “Principles of disease defence in organisms, superorganisms
    and societies,” <i>Nature Reviews Immunology</i>, vol. 22, no. 12. Springer Nature,
    pp. 713–714, 2022.
  ista: Cremer S, Sixt MK. 2022. Principles of disease defence in organisms, superorganisms
    and societies. Nature Reviews Immunology. 22(12), 713–714.
  mla: Cremer, Sylvia, and Michael K. Sixt. “Principles of Disease Defence in Organisms,
    Superorganisms and Societies.” <i>Nature Reviews Immunology</i>, vol. 22, no.
    12, Springer Nature, 2022, pp. 713–14, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-022-00797-y">10.1038/s41577-022-00797-y</a>.
  short: S. Cremer, M.K. Sixt, Nature Reviews Immunology 22 (2022) 713–714.
date_created: 2023-01-12T12:03:14Z
date_published: 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
date_updated: 2023-08-04T08:53:32Z
day: '01'
department:
- _id: SyCr
- _id: MiSi
doi: 10.1038/s41577-022-00797-y
external_id:
  isi:
  - '000871836300001'
  pmid:
  - '36284178'
intvolume: '        22'
isi: 1
issue: '12'
keyword:
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology
- Fuel Technology
language:
- iso: eng
month: '12'
oa_version: None
page: 713-714
pmid: 1
publication: Nature Reviews Immunology
publication_identifier:
  eissn:
  - 1474-1741
  issn:
  - 1474-1733
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature
quality_controlled: '1'
scopus_import: '1'
status: public
title: Principles of disease defence in organisms, superorganisms and societies
type: journal_article
user_id: 4359f0d1-fa6c-11eb-b949-802e58b17ae8
volume: 22
year: '2022'
...